CARBOHYDRATES -apples -beans -bran -cabbage -fruits -honey -carrots -corn -dates -grapes -oranges -milk -barley -beets

-corn -oats -potatoes -pasta -rye -wheat -apricots -molasses -peaches FATS -animal products -egg yolks -liver & organ meats -duck & goose -shellfish -olive & peanut oils -corn oil -safflower/sunflower oil -beef -butter -hard yellow cheeses -luncheon meats PROTEIN -bread & cereal -dairy -dried beans -eggs

-meat/fish/poultry FOLIC ACID -green leafy vegetables -liver/beef/fish -legumes -grapefruit -oranges THIAMINE (vitB1) -pork -nuts -whole grain cereals -legumes VITAMIN D -fortified milk -fish oil -cereals VITAMIN C -citrus fruits -tomatoes -broccoli -cabbage VITAMIN K -green leafy vegetables -cauliflower -cabbage CALCIUM -broccoli -carrots -cheese -collard greens -green beans -milk -rhubarb -spinach -tofu -yogurt, low-fat CHLORIDE -salt MAGNESIUM -avocado -canned white tune -cauliflower -milk -peanut butter -pork/beef/chicken -potatoes PHOSPHORUS -fish -nuts -organ meats -pork/beef/chicken -whole grain breads/cereals POTASSIUM -avocado -bananas -cantaloupe -carrots -fish -mushrooms -oranges -pork/beef/veal -potatoes -raisin -spinach -strawberries -tomato SODIUM -American cheese -bacon -butter -canned food -cottage cheese -cured pork -hot dogs -ketchup -lunch meat -milk -mustard

-processed foods/fried -snack foods -soy sauce -table salt -white & whole wheat bread IRON -breads & cereals -dark green vegetables -egg yolk -liver -meats LOW RESIDUE -white bread -refined cooked cereals -cooked potatoes w/out skin -white rice -refined pasta PHENYLALANINE -fats -fruits -jams GAS FORMING -apples -artichokes -barley -beans -bran -broccoli -Brussels sprouts -cabbage -celery -cherries -coconuts -eggplant -figs -honey -melons -milk

-nuts -onions -radishes -soybeans -wheat -yeast

LOW RESIDUE/LOW FIBER -Minimized intestinal activity. Foods least likely to form obstruction when intestinal tract narrowed by inflamm/scarring or when GI motility slowed -Diverticulitis -Chron s -Ulcerative colitis HIGH FIBER/ROUGHAGE -Adds volume to stool and speeds movement of undigested material though intestine -Gas forming foods avoided -Constipation -Diverticulosis -DM -Obesity -Hyperlipidemia CARDIAC -Reduces risk of heart disease, restricting saturated fat, trans-fat, cholesterol, sodium -Atherosclerosis -DM -Hyperlipidemia -Hypertension -MI LOW FAT/CHOLESTEROL -Reduce calories from fat and minimize cholesterol intake -Atherosclerosis -Cystic fibrosis FAT RESTRICTED -Reduces symptoms of abdominal pain, steatorrhea, flatulence, and diarrhea associated w/ high intakes of dietary fat -Decrease nutrient loss caused by ingestion of dietary fat in people with malabsorptive disorders: pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, GERD

HIGH CALORIE/HIGH PROTEIN -Re-establish anabolism to raise albumin levels. Encourage nutrient dense, snacks between meals, milkshakes, instant breakfasts, supplements -Severe stress -Burns -Wounds -Cancer -HIV/AIDS -COPD/respiratory failure CARBOHYDRATE CONSISTENT -DM -Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia -Obesity SODIUM RESTRICTED -Lowers body water and promotes excretion. Encourage fresh foods, not processed. Certain meds contain significant amts of sodium. Salt substitutes, CAUTION they contain large amts of potassium -Hypertension -CHF -Renal disease -Cardiac disease -Liver disease (Cirrhosis) -Brain trauma PROTEIN RESTRICTED -Provide enough protein to maintain nutritional status but not so that a buildup of waste products from protein metabolism occurs. -Renal disease -Liver disease RENAL DIET -Controlled amts of protein, sodium, phosphorous, calcium, potassium, and fluids. May also need fiber/cholesterol/fat adjustments. -Acute or chronic renal failure -Hemodialysis/Peritoneal (probably restrict fluids)

POTASSIUM MODIFIED -Low potassium: hyperkalemia (due to: impaired renal function, hypoaldosteronism, Addison s, ACE inhibitors, immunosuppressive meds, and potassium sparing diuretics) -High potassium: hypokalemia (due to: renal tubular acidosis, GI losses-diarrhea/vomiting, intracellular shifts, potassium wasting diuretics, antibiotics, Cushing s HIGH CALCIUM -Needed for bone growth and prevent osteoporosis and facilitate vascular contraction, vasodilation, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission LOW PURINE -Purine precursor for uric acid, which forms stones and crystals -Gout -Kidney stones -Elevated uric acid levels HIGH IRON -High iron diet replaces deficit from inadequate intake or loss -Anemia LOW PHENYLALINE -Low protein diet to prevent brain damage from imbalance of amino acids. -Phenyleketonuria (PKU)

NOTES 1. Pyridium: urinary tract analgesic, spasmolytic, NOT anti-infective. Urine = bright orange 2. Rifampin: orange urine, antitubercular drug DIET 1. Meniere s: low Na, avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol 2. PKU (Phenylketonuria): special milk substitutes for infants, low protein diet for children (no meat, dairy, eggs, NutraSweet) 3. Gout: low purine diet (no fish/organ meats) 4. Celiac: Gluten-free (no wheat, oats, rye, barley) 5. Renal failure: high calorie, low protein 6. Hepatobiliary: low-fat, high protein, vitamins 7. Cystic firbosis: pancreatic enzyme replacement before or with meals, high protein, high calorie in advanced stages 8. Atherosclerosis: low saturated fats 9. Hiatal hernia: small freq feedings, DON T lie down for 1 hr after meals, elevate HOB 4-8in when sleeping 10. Ulcers: eat 3 meals/day, avoid temp extremes, avoid coffee/alcohol/caffeine bev/milk & cream (can cause more gastric acid secretion) a. Postoperative: Vitamin B12 parenteral for life, iron supplements b. Prevent Dumping Syndrome (rapid passage of food-diaphoresis, diarrhea, hypotension) i. Restrict fluids w/ meals, drink 1 hr ac or 1 hr pc; eat in semi-recumbent position, lie down 20-30 min after eating; eat smaller freq meals; low-carb/fiber 11. Ulcerative Colitis & Chron s: high protein/calorie; low fat/fiber 12. Diverticular: high fiber, avoid seeds 13. Hirschsprung s: low fiber, high calorie/protein before surgery 14. Ostomy: high calorie/protein/carb; low residue before surgery a. Ileostomy: low residue diet, no meats, corn, nuts b. Transverse/Descending/Sigmoid Colostomy: diet not restricted after 6 wks 15. Cirrhosis: small freq feedings, fluid restriction, avoid alcohol a. Early stages: high protein/carb; supplemented w/ vit B complex b. Advanced: fiber/protein/fat/Na restricted (unable to take nitrate from protein met & convert ammonia to uria; Na=retain fluid); high calorie diet, high biologic value proteins 16. Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis: low fat liquids, powder supp high in protein/carb into skim milk; avoid fried foods, pork, cheese, alcohol a. After surgery: may need low fat diet for several wks b. Low fat, high carb/protein 17. Pancreatitis: avoid alcohol/caffeine; low fat, bland diet; small freq meals 18. Addison s: high protein/carb/sodium; low potassium 19. Cushing s: high protein/carb/potassium; low sodium/calorie; fluid restrictions 20. Pheochromocytoma: inc caloric/vitamin/mineral intake; avoid coffee/tea/cola/tyramine foods

21. Heart Failure: Restrict sodium, low calorie supp w/ vit to promote wt. loss and reduce workload of heart, bland low residue, small freq feedings 22. Hypertension: low sodium/fat 23. Anemia: high protein/iron/vit 24. Vitamin B12/Pernicious Anemia: IM B12 shot (25-100micrograms), followed by 500-1000 shot every 1-2 mo or cyanocobalamin nasal spray