115 BFCP2A Biochemistry Glycolysis

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The ashcards you selected have been added to your clipboard. << first < prev Question mechanism by which glucose is trapped within the cell (other than the liver and kidney) transporter whose expression is upregulated by insulin least saturable GLUT transporter (most responsive to increase glucose) ATP synthesis, glycerol and acetyl CoA generation (for fat synthesis), alternate sugar synthesis, glycogen storage, NADPH synthesis (for reductive biosynthesis) only ATP generating reaction for medullary kidney and red blood cells glycolytic pathway result of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions result of glycolysis under aerobic conditions important regulatory enzymes of glycolysis ATP producing steps of glycolysis (enzymes) isoenzyme that is reponsive to glucose at high concentrations isoenzyme that is operating at Vmax under normal levels (not directly after meals) of glucose; inhibited by glucose-6-P the key regulated point in glycolysis (committed irreversible step); downregulated by high ATP levels and citrate; activated by AMP; requires Mg2+ and ATP generates ATP by substrate level phosophorylation overall reactants and products from glucose -> 2 pyruvate mechanism of regenerating NAD+ during anaerobic glycolysis location of lactate reconversion to pyruvate how NAD+ is regenerated during aerobic glycolysis Answer phosphorylation GLUT4 GLUT2 (has highest Km) possible uses of glycolysis glycolysis write out pathway (S115) lactate and NAD+ acetyl CoA (for TCA cycle) via pyruvate hexokinase/glucokinase; phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1); pyruvate kinase 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase glucokinase hexokinase phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase IN: 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+; OUT: 2 ATP + 2 NADH+ + 2H+ reduction of pyruvate to lactate(via lactate dehydrogenase) liver (via lactate dehydrogenase)/The Cori Cycle NADH participates in a reduction reaction that produces the "shuttles" malate (NADH in matrix) or glycerol-3-phosphate (FADH2 in matrix) pyruvate is reduced to lactate using lactate dehydrogenase (and can be converted back to pyruvate in the liver via the Cori cycle) pyruvate kinase Pasteur effect PFK-2 (phosphofructosekinase-2) fructose 2,6-bisphosphate FBPase-2 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) 1 next > last >>
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how NAD+ is regenerated during anaerobic glycolysis second most important regulation step in glycolysis; activated by fructose-1,6 BP (feed forward mechanism) and inhibited by ATP the increased rate of glucose utilization during anaerobic glycolysis due to the inefficiency of ATP production in glycolysis dephosphorylated by insulin; stimulates production of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate activates PFK-1 in liver only; production is dependent on insulin/glucagon levels phosphorylated by glucagon; stimulates hydrolysis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate 2nd most common deficiency that causes anemia due to hemolysis of RBCs; hemolysis occurs due to a decrease in ATP production due to a lack of one of the key regulation checkpoints/ATP production points of glycolysis; no Heinz bodies; leads to osmotic fragility due to the inability for the Na/K pump to work an additive to a blood tube that stops glycolysis (by inhibiting a setp ofthe coversion to pyruvate via enolase)

pyruvate kinase deficiency

NaF

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115 BFCP2A Biochemistry Glycolysis

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Question inhibits the affinity of O2 for hemoglobin allowing for oxygen delivery (dumping) to tissues that are highly glycolytic prevents substrate level phosphorylation due to its similarity to phosphate, inhibiting to production of ATP leading to hemolytic anemia causes of lactic acidosis

Answer 2,3-BPG arsenic see last slide in S115 (glycolysis) << first < prev 1 next > last >>

Side 3

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