2) Write a table on the difference between Ahl al-hadith and Ahl al-ra i Madrasah Originated Ahl al-hadith 1) 'Abdullah

ibn 'Umar ibn al-Khattab 2) 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As 3)'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas Hijjaz ( al-madinah and al-makkah) 1) Exercising of Personal Opinion - Limiting deduction to available text of the Quran and sunnah in deducing the ruling of fiqh - Avoid making personal legal rulings on issues if there were no clear defined texts from the Quran or the sunnah related to the issues - Refused to issue legal verdict on existing issue for fear on making mistake in their rulings 2) Hypothetical Fiqh - Always try to find the solution for current issues and resolved based on the text available - Avoid trying to act pro-actively by finding the solution for hypothetical matters, which had not happened and for the most part, the fiqh was practical and based on real problems Ahl al-Ra'i 1)'Umar al-Khattab 2)'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud

Location Methodology

Kufah in Iraq 1) Exercising of Personal Opinion - Favored the extensive use of deductive reasoning and personal ijtihad in deducing the rulings of fiqh - Believed that all of the various laws revealed by Allah had identifies reasons and objectives (maqasid) behind them whether identifies by Allah and His prophet (s.a.w) or not - Feel the duty is to uncover the objectives and the wisdom as well as the causes behind the laws, and to make connection between them 2) Hypothetical Fiqh - Developed along hypothetical lines - Problems were invented and variations of existing situations guessed at, then imaginary solutions were worked out and recorded. - Often use the What-iffers (ara itiyyin) - Noted that these two trends were merely extensions of trends, which first appeared among the companionships 1) Iraq is new land for Muslim with various foreign culture and idea 2) The number of companion of the Prophet settled there were very few and the numbers of hadith available were very few. 3) Scholars relied less on hadith and had to follow certain strict condition before accepting hadith

Reason of Existence

1) Hijaz is isolated from foreign culture and idea 2) Home of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) 3) Birthplace of Islamic State 4) There was an abundance of hadith 5) Legal rulings of the first 3 caliph preserved here

3) Prepare the list of Khalifah of Umayyah Rulers with their reigning time - KHALIFAH at DAMSYIK [660-749M/40-132H] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Muawiyah I ibni Abu Sufyan [660-680M/40-60H] Yazid I ibni Muawiyah [680-684M/60-64H] Muawiyah II ibni Yazid [684M/64H] Marwan I ibni Hakam [684-685M/64-65H] Abd al-Malik ibni Marwan [685-705M/65-86H] al-Walid I ibni Abd al-Malik [705-715M/86-96H] Sulaiman ibni Abd al-Malik [715-717M/96-99H] Umar ibni Abd al-Aziz [717-720M/99-101H] Yazid II ibni Abd al-Malik [720-724M/101-105H] Hisham ibni Abd al-Malik [724-743M/105-125H] al-Walid II ibni Yazid II [743-744M/125-126H] Yazid III ibni al-Walid [744M/126H] Ibrahim ibni al-Walid [744M/126H] Marwan II ibni Muhammad [744-749M/127-132H]

- KHALIFAH AT CORDOBA [756-1031M]

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9.

Abd ar-Rahman I[756-788M] Hisham I [788-796M] al-Hakam I [796-822M] Abd ar-Rahman II [822-852M]

Muhammad I [852-886M] 6. al-Mundhir [886-888M] Abdallah ibni Muhammad [888-912M] Abd ar-Rahman III [912-961M] Al-Hakam II [961-976M]

10. Hisham II [976-1008M] 11. Mohammed II [1008-1009M] 12. Sulaiman [1009-1010M] 13. Hisham II, regain reign [1010-1012M] 14. Sulaiman, regain reign [1012-1017M] 15. Abd ar-Rahman IV [1021-1022M] 16. Abd ar-Rahman V [1022-1023M] 17. Muhammad III [1023-1024M] 18. Hisham III [1027-1031M]

1) Explain the characteristics of Shariah Law in the period of Umayyah During the period of Umayyah, Islam has expanded and the number of Muslim has increased. This has brought in new culture, custom and new problem. However, the number of companions has decreased as they have scattered to new area. This led to confusion and error in understanding Quran and Sunnah as contacting with the companions was extremely difficult. Fabrication of hadith has occurred during this period. This situation has forced the legal scholars to laid down strict conditions for acceptance of hadith. Since they unable to rely on authentic hadith, many legal problems that rise were left unanswered. This period witness the emerged of 2 schools of thought based on the differences in solving problem. Ahl al-hadith was originated from the companion who kept sources while Ahl al-ra I originated from Umar al-Khattab and Abdullah ibn Mas ud.