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Introduction Review of literature Need, Title and objectives Research methodology

Particular

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INTRODUCTION

RETAILING : An over view

Retailing include all activities involved in selling goods or services to the final customer for personal, nonbusiness use ( Philip Kotler). The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word which means selling of goods to the public, usually through shops / stores(Oxford Dictionary) and retailing is the business of selling goods to the public, usually through shops / stores. It is done by organizing the products availability on a relatively large scale and supplying them to customers on a relatively small scale. Retailing consists of goods or merchandise, from a fixed location such as a department store or kiosk, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain which includes a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization who is instrumental in reaching the Goods or Merchandise or Services to the End User or Ultimate Consumer. A retailer buys goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategies. Online retailing, also known as e-commerce is the latest form of non-shop retailing. Retail: Retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a department store Organized Retail Store: Organized retail store refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax etc. These include the corporate backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail business. Unorganized Retail Store: Unorganized retailing on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores etc TOP 10 RETAILERS (2010)

Ranking by annualised US$ retail sales Wal-Mart Kroger Corp Target Corp Walgreen Co The Home Depot Inc Costco CVS Caremark Lowes Sears Holdings Best Buy

2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Types of Retail Stores Department store Mass merchandiser Specialty retailer Supermarket Convenience store Discount store Off-price retailer Factory outlet Wholesale club Vending In-home shopping Catalog showroom

RETAILING IN INDIA Retailing is one of the pillars of the economy in India and accounts for 13% of GDP. The retail industry is divided into organised and unorganised sectors. Over 14 million outlets operate in the country and only 4% of them being larger than 500 sq ft (46 m2) in size. Organised
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retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. Unorganised retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors Most Indian shopping takes place in open markets and millions of independent grocery shops called kirana. Organized retail such supermarkets accounts for just 4% of the market as of 2008. Regulations prevent most foreign investment in retailing. Moreover, over thirty regulations such as "signboard licences" and "anti-hoarding measures" may have to be complied before a store can open doors. There are taxes for moving goods to states, from states, and even within states. THE INDIAN RETAIL MARKET Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. India has highest number of outlets per person (7 per thousand) Indian retail space per capita at 2 sq ft (0.19 m2)/ person is lowest in the world Indian retail density of 6 percent is highest in the world. 1.8 million households in India have an annual income of over 45 lakh (US$91,260). Delving further into consumer buying habits, purchase decisions can be separated into two categories: status-oriented and indulgence-oriented. CTVs/LCDs, refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers,microwave ovens and DVD players fall in the status category. Indulgence-oriented products include plasma TVs, state-of-the-art home theatre systems, iPods, high-end digital cameras, camcorders, and gaming consoles. Consumers in the status category buy because they need to maintain a position in their social group. Indulgence-oriented buying happens with those who want to enjoy life better with products that meet their requirements. When it comes to the festival shopping season, it is primarily the status-oriented segment that contributes largely to the retailers cash register. While India presents a large market opportunity given the number and increasing purchasing power of consumers, there are significant challenges as well given that over 90% of trade is conducted through independent local stores. Challenges include: Geographically dispersed population, small ticket sizes, complex distribution network, little use of IT systems, limitations of mass media and existence of counterfeit goods. Growth of Retail Sector in India An increasing number of people in India are turning to the services sector for employment due to the relative low compensation offered by the traditional agriculture and manufacturing sectors.

The organized retail market is growing at 35 percent annually while growth of unorganized retail sector is pegged at 6 percent.] The Retail Business in India is currently at the point of inflection. Rapid change with investments to the tune of US $ 25 billion is being planned by several Indian and multinational companies in the next 5 years. It is a huge industry in terms of size and according to India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), it is valued at about US$ 395.96 billion. Organised retail is expected to garner about 16-18 percent of the total retail market (US $ 65-75 billion) in the next 5 years. India has topped the A.T. Kearneys annual Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) for the third consecutive year, maintaining its position as the most attractive market for retail investment. The Indian economy has registered a growth of 8% for 2007. The predictions for 2008 is 7.9%.[5] The enormous growth of the retail industry has created a huge demand for real estate. Property developers are creating retail real estate at an aggressive pace and by 2010, 300 malls are estimated to be operational in the country. With over 1,000 hypermarkets and 3,000 supermarkets projected to come up by 2011, India will need additional retail space of 700,000,000 sq ft (65,000,000 m2) as compared to today. Current projections on construction point to a supply of just 200,000,000 sq ft (19,000,000 m2), leaving a gap of 500,000,000 sq ft (46,000,000 m2) that needs to be filled, at a cost of US$1518 billion. According to the Icrier report, the retail business in India is estimated to grow at 13% from $322 billion in 2006-07 to $590 billion in 2011-12. The unorganized retail sector is expected to grow at about 10% per annum with sales expected to rise from $ 309 billion in 2006-07 to $ 496 billion in 2011-12. Top Retailers in India

Pantaloon Retail: K Raheja Group Tata group RPG group Landmark group Piramal Group

Present Indian Scenario Unorganized market: Rs. 583,000 crores

Organized market: Rs.5, 000 crores

Over 4,000 new modern Outlets in the last 3 years Over 5,000,000 sq. ft. of mall space under development
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The top 3 modern retailers control over 750,000 sq. ft. of retail space

Over 400,000 shoppers walk through their doors every week

Growth in organized retailing on par with expectations and projections of the last 5 Years: on course to touch Rs. 35,000 crores (US$ 7 Billion)

The retail road ahead The Indian retail market is estimated at US$ 350 billion. But organized retail is estimated at only US$ 8 billion. However, the opportunity is hugeby 2010, organized retail is expected to grow to US$ 22 billion. With the growth of organized retailing estimated at 40 per cent (CAGR) over the next few years, Indian retailing is clearly at a tipping point. India is currently the ninth largest retail market in the world. And it is names of small towns like Dehradun, Vijayawada, Lucknow, Ludhiana and Nasik that will power India up the rankings soon.

REVIEW OF LITRATURE
Bharadwaj and Shukla (2009) in their study retail stores environment layouts and displays: importance of ambience for retailer revealed that a retailers store and its surrounding create an environment that either attracts the potential customers. Thus a retailer should create an atmosphere which is conductive to the store aerations and to the customer. A proper environment creates an image and a status about the store upon the customer mind.

Mittal and Gupta (2007) in their study

Need of the study

In our daily lives retail houses plays an important role. The ultimate goal of these retail outlets is to drive the goods to customer fulfilling their satisfaction level. However shoplifting and theft in organized sector has brought problem not only to the retailers but to all the customers as it incurs inventory shrinkage and ultimately the cost is borne by the customers. With the introduction of new anti-theft technology, shoplifters are coming up with ways to intrude through it. This research covers the study of this problem in Ludhiana where retailing is much happening today and bound to grow much more.

RESEARCH TITILE Security System In Organised Sector

Objectives of the study

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 To compare To find the methods being adopted. To study the effectiveness of different methods.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DEFINITION: - The research methodology explains the methods followed in carrying out the research, methods of collecting information, population, research instruments used as well as the limitations of the present study. It is the way of systematically solve the research problem.

RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data .in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.It is the conceptual structure with in which research is conducted. It constitutes of the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. The research design for this research is descriptive in nature. Sampling Plan The sampling plan includes the universe, population, sample size and sample design.
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Universe Universe is the overall area from where the population is drawn. In this research, the Universe includes all retailers Population Population refers to part of universe from which the sample for conducting the research is selected. In this research, the population includes all retailers in Ludhaina. Sampling Design A sample design refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample. In this research, the selection of customers was done on the basis of convenience sampling.

Sampling Unit Sampling unit refers to smallest possible individual eligible respondent. In this research, each retail outlet in Ludhiana is a Sampling unit. Sample size Sampling size refers to total number of respondents targeted for collecting the data for the research. The sampling size of my study is 50 respondents.