Project: Design in Practice November 30th 2011

Student Number: 0807120 Name: Arran Ewin WSA ////

Bristol_St Pauls
1.0 Introduction to Study Area 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Trade 1.3 Districts 1.4 History 2.0 Analysis 2.1 Figure Ground 2.2 Routes: Footfall Density 2.3 Routes: Vehicles Density 2.4 Transport Infrastructure 2.5 Economics & Typologies 2.6 Occupied Vs. Unoccupied 2.7 Economic Activity Clusters 2.8 Activity Clusters & Community Use 2.9 Economics Trends 2.10 Social Values 2.11 Crime & Anti-Social Behaviour 2.12 Crime Locations 2.13 History & Trade: Part 1 2.14 History & Trade: Part 2 2.15 History Of Urban Fabric 2.16 Conservation Areas 3.0 Vision 3.1 Client & the Community 3.2 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part I 3.3 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part II 3.4 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part III 3.5 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part IIII 3.6 Vision

Contents

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Bristol_St Pauls

Introduction to Study Area

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1.1 Introduction
Design In Practice
In the following pages I will explore St Pauls through a series of criteria and analyses, from which I will determine my own stance and Vision for St Pauls and in doing so detailed what measure can be taken to help improve conditions. The conclusion of my analysis will be summarise by three strategies and a vision that will outline my intent for St Pauls over the next 10-30 years.

Ethnicity
White S.Asian Black Mixed Race E.Asian

Bristol 0km Cardiff 41km London 172km Birmingham 125km 220km Liverpool Dublin 327km Paris 456km Berlin

1098km

Road
Hull
East - West M4 Motorway which runs along an east to west axis beginning in London and ending in West Wales. North South axis (Birmingham to Exeter) M5 motorway. Also M9 and M32.

Area
Bristol 110km London 1572.1km Cardiff 140km New York 1214.4km

Glasgow Edinborough

Rail
Two rinciple Railway Stations 1. Bristol Temple Meads (city centre). High speed trains to Paddington Station, London. 2. Bristol way (North of the city. Mainly serves a high speed services between Cardiff and London.

New castle

Leeds Manchester

Air

Population

Liverpool

Bristol Airport (BRS) at Lulsgate (substantial investment and redevelopment since 2001)

Bristol 421,300

London 7,825,200

Cardiff 341,054

New York 8,175,133

New York Rosslane Cork Cardiff BRISTOL Exeter Plymouth

Bus
Cambridge

Bus services is well known for being delayed, unreliable and expensive.

Hamburg London Portsmouth Poole Calias Dover Folkstone

Dens

ity

Cork and Belfast

Car

Private Car usage is high.

421,300
London 4,978/km Cardiff 4,392/km New York 10,630/km

Population

Sea
Paris Charbourg Le Havre

Bristol 3,639/I

8th Most Populous City in the UK.

Bristol Ferry Boat both Leisure and Communiting Services.

Roscott

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1.2 Trade
Fur s
Fish

h Fis

Coventry
Cloth Corn Wool

Fish ug Rum S acco ar Tob

Oil

Silk

Win e

&H

ide

Fis h

Slave

1154

Bristol was built on trade. In 1154 Bristol became England first town to obtain special trading privileges, which freed it from paying tolls and customs throughout England, Normandy and Wales.

1200

The map above shows the trading activity around 1200. At the time Bristol was trading fish, wine, cloth, hides, tin, timber, corn, wool, madder and silk.

1500

By the 15th century many trading merchants had become wealthy and powerful figures in the country. They invested the large fortunes into exploratory new types of trades. The map above shows trading links had expanded to the Mediterranean and towards the east

1850

By the mid-18th century the trade triangle had emerged between Bristol, Africa and the Caribbean and American colonies. Cloths and other goods were used to trade enslaved African people who were then traded for rum, sugar and tobacco, this was known as the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

1900 Bristol presence of the global trading scene began to decline as a trading port as it facilities were too small to keep up with the large cargo ships that were being built at the time. The map above shows the extent of Bristols trading links at the high of it trading glory before the decline in the 19th century.

Geographical Reasoning for Trade Given its location on the south west coast and with the river Avon running through the length of Bristol, it was in a prime location for trade to blossom and to thrive.

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Trink e

&T in

Southampton

Fru it

Sa l Wt in e

tt & C loth

Clo

ths

Timbre

London

Tim b
n Iro

re &

h Fis

es in W

1.3 Districts
Bristol Wards
Ashley Districts: AshelyDown Baptist Mills Montpelier St Andrews St Pauls St Werburgs Easton

Montpelier

It is often referred to as the bohemianand alternative. Most famous area for this is Picton Street which is a mecca for organic and vegetarian cuisine.

St Werburghs

It is said to have the feel of green village but in the inner city. The area has a series of allotments and inner city farming clubs. The area has been heavily influence by the rivers that flow through it ever since its birth, from the mills that used to power

District: BS2 Based on Postcode

- Areas includes: Kingsdown, Lawrence Hill, St Judes, St Pauls, St Philips, St Werburghs. - Property currently on the market: is 4849 homes. - Average Property Value: 162976. - Price earnings ratio is 6.1. - Flats are 57.3% of housing stock - The average price of a two bed 159545.
Montpelier Easton

it to Bristols water supply and the consequential flood.

St Lawrence

Easton

Brislington East Windmill Hill Cabot

It is considered by many as the street party capital of the UK and is where the graffiti/street artist Banksy originated from. It has a very diverse population with a collection of Sikh temples, mosques and churches. They are also a very organised and politicised population with various unions, cooperatives and anarchist communes.

Broadmead

It is known for it shopping district which is located on Wine st, and Corn st. it was heavily bombed during the Blitz as was most of Bristols ports and factories. After the war it has intensely redeveloped to become the central shopping district in Bristol.

Population

Avg Property Value

Stokes Croft

St Pauls

St Judes Broadmead

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1.4 History
Location
St Pauls is an inner suburb of Bristol; it was also one of the first in Bristol. It is situated north east of Bristol City centre and due west from the M32 motorway. St Pauls is surrounded by the A38, B4051 and A4032 road. St Pauls is bordered by Several other districts found in the diagram below. Population: 10,953 (2010) Distance to City Centre: 0.5 miles Districts: Bristol City Centre, Montpellier & Easton. MP: Kerry McCarthy, Labour. Local Commerce: Variety of shops, pubs and cafes. Average Property Price: 163,000 (2010) Housing stock: Consisted of nearly half the housing stock compromising of flats and detached housing. Home ownership within the area is lower than the national average for the UK. Therefore this is alludes a high rental market.
Key Vegitation Flats Schools Terraces Retail and Flats

1963 Bristol Bus Boycott

The Bus boycott began when the Bristol omnibus Company refused to employ black or Asian bus drivers. The boycott which was led by Paul Stephenson and the West Indian Development Council, which was inspired by the Rosa Parks protest in the USA. The boycott lasted for 4 months until the company eventually conceded and over turned their colour bar. The boycott helped to bring to attention the issues of racial discrimination in Bristol and the UK. The Boycott is considered by main a key factor in the passing of the two Race Relations Acts of 1965 and 1968.

Yardies, Drugs and Guns

St Pauls has been described by the guardian newspaper as one of the countrys most notorious black spots for drug abuse, prostitution, gun crime and Gang Warfare. Many turf wars have ensued between two main rival gangs the Yardies and the Aggie. During annual St Pauls Carnival in 2003 a shootout began between the two gangs, with a total of six separate attacks that were presumed to be over heroin and crack cocaine deals.

St Pauls Riots
The Riots sparked after a police raid on the Black and White Caf in the St Pauls Area on the 2nd April 1980. The riots were blamed a racially drive but it was reported that both black and white youths fought against. It is now widely believe that these young men and women were perhaps fuelled by the poverty and social injustices causes by the Sus Law (Stop and Search).

1698 Bristol Joins Slave Trade Large Georgian Houses/Estates are erected by the large number of rich merchants profiting from Bristols slave trade.

1833 Abolition of Slavery Act in Britian comes into force. 1865 Abolition of Slavery Act in USA comes into force.

Blitz

1963 Bristol Bus Boycott 1968 1st St Pauls Carnival 1980 St Pauls Riots

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

Present

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Bristol_St Pauls

Anaylsis

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2.1 Figure Ground

Regular Blocks\ Regular Footprints

Regular Blocks\ Regular Footprints\Irregular Footprint

Regular Block\ Regular Footprint \ Portland Square Irregular blocks\Regular Footprints\River Avon

Irregular Blocks\ Regular Footprints

Figure Ground St Pauls\ Routes

Figure Ground St Pauls\Urban Typologies and Clusters

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2.2 Routes: Footfall Density

Stokes Croft:
Key route linking St Pauls to the town centre and the new Cabot Circus retail development. Despite being a high use thoroughfare the majority of the buildings along this route are derelict, this could therefore be a key area for development.

Bridge over M32:

Heavy Use

Light Use

The bridge provide direct access across the M32 into St Pauls for pedestrian access and therefore is widely used as the sports hall and local school are opposite St Pauls on the south side of the M32. Bridging these too areas helps St Pauls to establish connections and relationship with other district and their people. The bridge itself could be use as an opportunity to express this connection.

Southwest Corner:

Green spaces:

This Area has a high footfall to the south but a less dense foot fall to the north. This disparity between the tow side could be address with a connection between the two create a less imposing corner/edge of St Pauls allow people to filter and permeable through into the heart of St Pauls

Like most Green spaces in St Pauls they are rarely used and regarded as unsafe antisocial areas. Factors which also add to this unease and reduction in footfall are; limited seating opportunities, poor lit environments at night to deter criminals, narrow and daunting all and passage ways the lead to green spaces, a lot of building within the area are run down or derelict. This could be a key area win development to help restore community interaction and environment.

Routes: Nodal transistions

Junction: Ashley Road and Grosvenor Road Junction: Stokes Croft and Ashley Road Junction: Bridgestone Road and City Road Junction: St Nicholas Road and Newfoundland Road Post War Housing Development

Junction : Dean Street and Wilder Street Junction: Stokes Croft and City Road Entrance: Memorial Garden Church Yard and Playground Portland square

Underpass: Bear Pit

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2.3 Routes: Vehicles Density

2.3.1 Routes: Vehicles Density Diagram shows the density of vehicular use in and around St Pauls. The M32 to the Southeast acts a formidable boundary line of St Pauls. St Pauls is seen by enlarge as a place to drive around but not through. Those routes that were use from more domestic purposes had the lowest density and as expected the most intensity populated roads were those that provided connections and/or facilities. E.g. High density levels noted around the local Schools, Sports Halls Shopping districts and Community centres.

Heavy Use

Light Use

Personally I feel that any improvement in vehicular access to the site would not be benefit St Pauls but would further carve up and destroy what is left of the Society, Community and the Urban Fabric. I fee at this stage what would greater benefit St Pauls would be to improve on public transport infrastructure and creating invention and new route that erode what has become the M32 barrier to St Pauls.

2.3.2 Green Route The majority of Green spaces in St Pauls consist of Parks, Courtyards and Public squares and a link through a network of pedestrianized routes. However from analysing both the Footfall routes and Vehicle density there seems little evidence to suggest that these spaces are used as frequently as would be accepted. One of the key factors for this is that these spaces are often demand unsafe and are used for drug use and other criminal activity. The majority of this patchwork of spaces are knitted together by a series of narrow streets and alleyways making journey through these spaces intimidating as they attract antisocial behaviour. These spaces become more treturous at night due to poor lighting.

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2.4 Transport Infrastructure

2.4.1The Transport Infrastructure in St Pauls Public transport distribution is located in the southwest corner of St Pauls, in and around Cabot Circus retail development, with bus stops only just skirting around the western limits of St Pauls. The national rail network doesnt fare much better with the rain network navigating around St Pauls. However St Pauls is a prime location in Bristol to take advantage of the distance to the city centre and long distance travel facilities e.g. national rail and airports. Although it lacks the smaller scale transport infrastructure. There isnt a single bus stop with St Pauls, nor is there any other kind of public transport available. This means the community relies upon personal car ownership and walking to destinations.

Bristol Airport 6.2 Miles

Stansted Airport 104.12 Miles

St Pauls
Cardiff Airport 32.7 Miles Bristol Temple Meads 0.7 Miles Heathrow Airport 98.5 Miles

Bus Stations Taxi Parking Parking Public Right of Way

Weston Supermare Harbour 29.3 Miles

Bristol Parkway 12.2 Miles

Gatwick Airport 130.9 Miles

Exeter Airport 54.95 Miles

Portsmouth Harbour 70.19 Miles

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2.5 Economics & Typologies

Map left, shows the typological break down of St Pauls and below that a comparison of the typological make with respect to the whole of Bristol, the Nationals average and St Pauls. The number of detached housing in St Pauls is both drastically less that the UK average and just below Bristols average. Due to the proximity to the city centre and the low demand for detached housing in Bristol evident by its 6.4% for Bristol there does seems to be a demand for such housing. Another factor we must consider is the cost of affording, such housing in an area largely regards as economically and socially deprive areas. The semi-detached houses like the detached have a very low share of the typologies in the area for much of the same reason that the detached do they are both the most expensive typologies in the area. It is evident that the terrace housing to the north was built to provide homes for Bristol people during its industrious past. We can see that the majority of housing in St Pauls is terraced 45.5% that is considerable high than both Bristol and the UK national Average. It is also the second cheapest form of housing in St Pauls (see graph).

Key Detached Semi-Detached Terraced Flats

Shared houses do not feature on the list but comprise of all the typologies that are mentioned. St Pauls has a very high percentage of its population living in shared accommodation. This is due to a number of reasons such as supplying housing for students and young families but mainly due to St Pauls poor economic stability and therefore it provides the majority of its rented accommodation to its poorer residents that cant afford a mortgage.

Flats are the only typology that seem to conform to the national average. The flats to the south west of St Pauls also have retail units on the ground floor due to their proximity to the shopping district this is part of the reason why there are so many high-rise flats in the area to capitalise on land cost and to provide and secondary revenue stream through letting out ground floor spaces for retail outlets.

Brtistol 6.4% St Pauls 2.2% National Average 22.8%

Detached

Brtistol 29% St Pauls 10.7% National Average 32.6%

Semi-Detached

Brtistol 36.6% St Pauls 45.4% National Average 26%

Terraced

Brtistol 11.6% St Pauls 26.7% National Average 4.4%

Shared house

Brtistol 14.6% St Pauls 13.4% National Average 13.6%

Flats

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2.6 Occupied Vs. Unoccupied

Unoccupied housing
The Graphics above shows various houses that are unoccupied within St Pauls and there given typologies. The gradient of each typology is representative of the percentage of unoccupied houses within that typology We can see that the cheapest forms of house the flats are the most unoccupied and that the typologies located closes to the city centre have fewer derelict houses. This is partly due to the demand for housing close to the city centre but also that the flats are located in an area or poor housing and high crime.

Key Occupied Unoccupied

Detached

Semi-Detached

Terraced

Shared house

Flats

St Pauls 0.2%

St Pauls 0.55%

St Pauls 1.5%

St Pauls 3%

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2.7 Economic Activity Clusters

% of Working Population Relative to Age

Key
Restaurants and Cafes Offices Industrial Retail Commercial Bars & Pubs Live Work

Occupational Data for D23(St Pauls and St Judes), 2011 Key

Agriculture,Forestory & Fishing Production Construction Motor Trades Wholesale Retail Transport & Storage Accomodation & Food Services Information & Communication Finance & Insurance Property Professional, Scientific & Technical Business, Administration&Support Public Administration & Defence Education Health

2.7.1 Economic Activity Clusters Clusters concentrated to the Southwest of St Pauls opposite the Cabot circus development. Most of the historic centre of Bristol which is located in the southwest areas has been dominated by office block developments that provide a physical and physiological barrier to St Pauls.

Key
Retail/Commercial Residential Green Spaces St Pauls Carnival

Small retail units appear scatted across the residential areas but are largely fall into decline due to out of town Super Markets and Retail Stores, resulting in many of the small retail store closing down and left unoccupied. New Scheme such as the new live/work units show early signs of success which has helped improve local amenities and provide a small scale employment.
% of Working Population Claiming Benefits,2009

% of Occupations across Employment, 2001

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2.8 Activity Clusters & Community Use

The Pierian Centre is a beautiful Grade-1 listed building in Portland Square with space for conferences, meetings and celebrations of all shapes and sizes. The centre is being forced to close its doors due to lack of funding, a great loss to the local community... Organised Groups in St Pauls The Pierian Centre has not only led to the beautiful restoration of 27 Portland Square, it is also a catalyst in bringing about the restoration of confidence and hope in an area and community full of character. Lots of peoples prejudices and preconceptions about the whole area of St. Pauls have been challenged.

The Malcolm X Community Centre is a multi-purpose community resource built in the early 1980s for the primary purpose of the Centre was to provide social, recreational, educational and entertainment facilities to the inhabitants of St Pauls and surrounding areas.

A community centre with library, crche, cafe with additional facilities and space with future plans to develop and expand.

Sports Library Art Centre Youth Centre Children Centre Club Community Venue Residential Chapel/Church

Circomedia is an internationallyrespected centre of excellence of circus-theatre training, and the only academy in Europe providing full-time courses which fully integrate contemporary circus and physical performance and are designed to nurture creative artists, not just skilled performers.

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2.9 Economics Trends

Average Home Values
St Pauls house prices are well above the national average partly due to the desire to live in Bristol as it is the sixth biggest city in the UK and in the second most influential city for Architecture, Engineering and Technology. Therefore house prices have increased but this is also due to its location to the city centre and the recent development within nearby areas such as the Cabot Circus shopping centre, that have increased house prices in the area. Instead of the new developments helping those residents in the area it is forcing them out through attracting business that target people with better economic and social conditions than those currently experienced by the people of St Pauls. This therefore attracts a migration of these people more fortunate than those in St Pauls into the area driving the house prices and living expense to meet with the paid grades and demands of these new migrants.

Value Trends
The trends in house prices from 2007 -2011 are as expected due to the recession in 2008 that latter impact the housing market in 2009 the hardest, this is not dissimilar to trends all over the UK. It will be a number of years before the price increase again. This is however good news for those people in St Pauls looking to buy a home as the hose prices have therefore fallen and so their budgets can stretch further,. This is obviously bad news for current homes owners that have experienced a loss in their homes value.

Value Ranges
The graphs shows the percentage of housing stock within various price brackets within the areas of St Pauls. We can see a very high number of houses fall within the 200k -300k bracket which is well below Detached, Semi-detached and Terrace houses price ranges. With only the average price of flats in the areas falling into the bracket. It show that those people trying to move from flat into another housing typology in the area will struggle to do so which just under double the price range to be able to afford a trace house.

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2.10 Social Values

4,696
Average Working Hours
Hospital, Bus Station and Town Centre is a 5-10 Minute walk

people per Km
57.8% of Population are Single
Council Tax changes
We can see the people of St Pauls pay more tax than the national average in every band category. This put a greater stain on the community as they have less disposable income for themselves.

Average Age

Gender

High Unemployment Rate

Crime Incidents
Bristol has an increased in crime incident that the UK national average this is due to a number of factors such as social and economic difficulty, its large population size (6th most populous city in the UK) and society and community break down.

Population Break down

We can see that Bristol has a higher number of 15-24 and 25-34 years olds that the UK average and these are the people most effected in the recession when it comes to find a job. Current government figure suggest that 1 in 5 18- 25 years old in unemployed. This generation will provide a great many problems for Bristol.

School performance
We can see that Bristol fails to meet the UK average for every important stage of their education except for education. This could be due to slipping standard in education also poor funding, badly behaved children, a break down in society and economics factors. This obviously will create inherent problems for the future of Bristol and its people.

4,719
6.6%
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2.11 Crime & Anti-Social Behaviour

Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour
The maps on the following pages show the number of incidents recorded by the police for August 2011. There are broken down in to various categories. The maps on this page show the others Crime in the Area of St Pauls the next page will show the break down. I feel that this is relevant to my research as it highlights the area, streets and building in which the incidents have occurred giving use a picture of how building provided opportunities for these crime to occurred e.g. awkward spaces, poorly lit area.

1655 204 19 91 74 679 588

All Crime and ASB in August 2011 Violent Crime Robbery Burglary Theft of a Vehicle Anti-Social Behaviour Other Crime

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2.12 Crime Locations

Violent Crime

Theft of a Vehicle

Robbery

Anti-Social Behaviour

Buglary

Other Crime

2.12.1 Crime Locations

St Pauls in known for its high Crime rate and Anti-social behaviour, not just in Bristol but also across the UK as one of the worst places for crime. Violent crime in the areas seems to be dictated by awkward space and narrow alleys but also around pubs and liquor stores. Vehicle theft is considerably low in the area but this for the most part is due to the poor economic status of St Pauls area that most of the vehicles are of much worth to criminals. Robber in the areas is focused towards the north where small retail shops and pubs are located with poor security. Anti-social behaviour is spread almost evenly across St Pauls but with focus on the axis of the green spaces which are poor lit and police as well as awkward to get to without navigating through narrow alleyways and street where pockets of anti-social behaviour thrive out of sight of public view. Burglary in the area seem to focus upon small business and office as these buildings would provide the greater yields in a burglar than targeting housing in the are due to the low income of resident in the area. It also means that high value good such as computers are located in clustered so offers a greater return for the burglar. Other crime as detailed by the graphic also follows a similar pattern to anti-social behaviour and gain is due to poor planning of spaces resulting in unsafe and hostile environments for people.

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2.13 History & Industry: Part I

Commercial and residential typologies emerge through major development in the area. New commercial factories broke away from the river bank to the south and relocated to the north of St Pauls as trade such as clothing developed.

Tram Network declined as Bristol new rail network developed.

Baptist College Portland Square

Tram Depot

The River Avon to the southeast of St Pauls increase finial opportunities through trade and transport resulting in commercial development spreading across the river into St Pauls and with it more residential housing. The Tram Depot in decline was converted into a new commercials warehouse.

Factories and warehouse developed further still to the south partly due to the river but due to night district like what is now Cabot Circus, developing a as more commercial districts.

1900s St developed rapidly at the being of the 1900s and within a 20 year into the century merchants their trade industry migrated away from Bristol city centre. The public squares and green spaces still maintaining their original footprint from the 1880s bar the Baptist college as it was reduced in size as the demand for more residential and commercial spaces increased within the area. The main commercial spaces are still covered by the location of the river and so sit on the north bank to the south of St Pauls.

1930s During thy eaters between 1900-1930 the commercial industry grew. During this time like many over cities across the UK Bristol went through a transition of abandoning their tram network in favour of rail network and bus systems. The demand for housing increased in the area so much so that development started encroaching upon cemeteries like the one a St Pauls church cemetery which was eroded away by developers for more residential units.

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2.14 History & Trade: Part 2

Tennis courts

Baptist College Allotments Commercial/ industrial district emerges such as clothing, engineering, sugar and paper production move to the south of St Pauls.

Portland Square Tram Depot

Commercial developments start to migrate around the city centre in a radial fashion enabling more connection for St Pauls with the city centre.

1940s

1970s

After being heavily bombed during the war because Bristol was of key importance as a port during WWII, large areas of St Pauls and the rest of Bristol were left disseminated by the bombings. Half of Portland square was raised to the ground during this time and was later reconstructed as a pastiche.

After WWII Bristol went about reconstructing its city with infamous post ware high rise housing and commercial units. These scares left by the bombing in St Pauls are represented by the post-war house that has taken its placed within the urban fabric.

1990s

Fell into decline of both social and economic conditions resulting in a decline in residential and commercial areas of St Pauls. The scarce development that didnt exist were council estates and flats that replaced many of the Georgian and victoria terrace that feel into decline after the war.

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2.15 History of Urban Fabric

1750

1828

1855

1874

1880

1900

1949

2010

Post War Housing

Georgian and Victorian terrace still remained from these periods although many have been subdivided altered and some left derelict.

After the blitz befell Bristol a number of terrace where abandon due to the dissemination caused by the bombing upon those houses they. During the 20th centure transport demand in the area eroded the facades of the bear pit to make way for wide roads and space from transport links.

At present it is still possible to see the scars left by the bombings as post war housing developed I the void created by the bombings, however these development were largely unsuccessful and antisocial. Due to the demands of transport the space has become a barrier and an antisocial island as the roads have carved it out and isolated it from the rest of the urban fabric.

The Bear Pit

The bear pit has always been a key junction in Bristol.

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2.16 Conservation Areas

St Pauls developed in the early part of the eighteen century it to one of Bristols earliest suburbs. The wealth trade merchant from the city started building their homes there in Brunswick Square and Portland Square. Portland square had a turbulent beginning, the buildings were laid around a central square garden, and this soon began to become the focal point in St Pauls. However shortly after construction on site at Portland square the development has a turbulent start when many of the contracts became bankrupt, which left much of the site incomplete for some considerable time. The original design relied upon classical Georgian Architecture by the Architect Daniel Hague who made his career upon design buildings for the wealthy however the design was never fully completed. Eventually the development progressed and new tenants moved in along with Wills Tobacco family and Frys Chocolate Company who took up residents in Portland square in 1787. The area of Portland square continued to be a fashionable place to live until 1880s. The area was heavily bombed during the as was much of Bristol including one length of Portland square that was decimated by the blitz. After the war many of the house were left derelict and feel into decline and out of favour with the people. Later the resident destroyed by the blitz was rebuilt as a pastiche of the former building and during the 60s to 80s they houses were bought up and subdivided into flats and offices.

Kingsdown

Cave Street, St Pauls

Portland Square, St Pauls

Areas of Conservation
The national English Heritage Buildings at Risk Register 2008 has 10 properties from Bristol on it including 28, 31 and 32. Portland Square, St Pauls, 2-8 Cave Street, St Pauls and 25 Wilder Street, St Pauls In the neighbouring district to the east of St Pauls the Carriage Works 104 is also at risk in Stokes Croft. Work has started on 135 York Road, Montpelier Surrounding districts that fall into conservation areas include Portland Square, St Pauls, Montpelier Stokes Croft and Kingsdown. The areas both listed and unlisted show examples of Medieval and Victorian buildings, with large number of Georgian.

Montpelier

Carriage Works, Stokes Croft

Wilder Street, St Pauls

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Bristol_St Pauls

Vision

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3.1 Client & Community

Client and Community
The Clients for this project are Bristol City Council which is in partnership with St Pauls Unlimited. The project will rely greatly upon the support of and consolation with, the St Pauls Community. To achieve this project will need the cooperation and input from investors both in the public and private sectors (national scale), along with Police cooperation, public transport services industry and environmentally focused industries (From Botanists to Solar power engineers). The project will be accomplished through the combination of Palimpsest and Acupuncture Approaches, in formed by my analysis. This method of working will meeting with the clients desire to build upon St Pauls existing infrastructure and site conditions but will also help to tackle with large scale issues of transport infrastructure and high levels of Crime that effect not just St Pauls but the surrounding districts also. The method will help to provide a plethora of solutions and interventions that can work either together as a cohesive whole or as standalone independent projects. Palimpsest

Stabilising a robust Transport infrastructure Removing Cars from St Pauls and creating Green/living streets Lighting infrastructure across St Pauls worst and most notorious crime locations

Acupuncture Enabling the people of St Pauls creates and run their own green space and allotments upon brownfield site across St Pauls. Greens streets will also rely upon community support and initial sup port and education from expertise. Showcase located in the bear pit will rely on community volunteers and require an investment to get the intervention off the ground Self-build housing upon post war housing that has failed the com munity in specific areas. Civil policing schemes will be set up in cooperation with local police service.

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3.2 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part I

Long term strategy
Alt.Community will be a long term strategy, providing a series of catalysts to enable different stages of the development to evolve. To be successful the project will require continuous funding and innovative design and ideas to reach the full potential of this brief. The development should be seen as an experiment not just for St Pauls but for the UK and Europe. It will require a high level of master planning and phased development to help push change through. The proposal will have a higher cost, however it should be deemed and experiment and be aware that there will be some mistake along the way but that will help to inform other cities like Bristol in dealing with area like St Pauls with social and economic and political unrest. Brand Alt.Community It will be a social, economic, political, environmental and architectural experiment, can inform other cities with similar problems. Palimpsest, layer upon the past tapestries of the urban fabric with new materials. Using existing conditions/layers of history and precedence to inform your intervention. Brand Alt.Community outline attitude to St Pauls i.e. it must integrate with the rest of the city centre, while maintaining its character of individual district

1.

Alt.Community/ Branding/Identity

Current Situation Over the year St Pauls has been subjected to a cycle of preconceptions, negative press and crime by its neighbouring districts. It is side stepped by both inhabitants and visitors to Bristol, and largely neglected by Bristol Councils and Bristol city. It has been excluded from most recent developments such as Cabot Circus that acts as a physical and physiological barrier to the rest of St Pauls, there isnt even an entrance to Cabot Circus from the St Pauls. The M32 carves it away through Bristol defining definite barrier between the city centre and St Pauls. There arent even any bus stops within St Pauls and residents complain of discrimination against them and the services they received are below standard e.g. fewer road sweepers suffers from a lack of investment and an undeniable violent past. The Council and citys attitude needs to change and the cycle of bad reputation and press broken. Proposal: Alt.Community However as a response to its past discrimination I have chosen to redevelop and rebrand St Pauls as an Alt.Community (Alternative Community), which will offer a haven from a Capitalist Culture of Consumerism. The Bear Pit to the southwest of St Pauls that links to the town centre will act as a showcase for the rest of St Pauls attracting visitors and raising awareness of its existence, community and projects. The Alt Community will maintain and build upon the existing identity of St Pauls but it will not isolate itself from the rest of the city centre, as it is vital that transport links and an infrastructure is implemented as the first stage of the development. The Bear Pit will provide a gateway to the development and help promote the community in the city centre. This Alt.Community will not only be a social experiment but an economic, political, environmental and architectural experiment. I release that this holistic approach to finding solutions would be an expensive venture for both Bristol City council and St Paul unlimited, however I feel that this experiment could have national and international significant and could act as a catalyst to help stimulate other city across the UK and Europe that suffer from the same problems St Pauls has.

Types of Strategy Good infrastructure will lead to a better architecture Foundation to urban planning getting the basics right A framework

Implications Land use/Ownership No cars, access/ routes Passive policing Derelict sites/inhabitation New Housing Stock/Influenced by old Green/living streets Making a destination/visitors/learning/renewable energy

High Line Park: New York City (Former Railroad)

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3.3Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part II

2. Master Planning & Phasing
Key to the survival and success of St Pauls in the future will rely heavily upon a detailed master planning and phasing structure to help to ensure stability for the community and help to reduce crime and antisocial behaviour. I feel for this to realistically work and have time to develop and grow as a scheme a time plan for such a project will require 30-50 years before the fully extent of this intervention is known. This development will treat St Pauls as an individual entity, but not an isolated one. The district must improve links with the city centre and have an efficient infrastructure to be able to evolve and develop and a district. Site development and infrastructure The first priority should not be to start developing upon the site and creating new live work units, cafes and art centre. The key priority should be to set up a public transport infrastructure. Currently there are not bus stops in St Pauls and the closest ones skirts on the edge close to Cabot Circus. There also not tram, cycle paths or taxi ranks close by. By creating a public transport system as basic a new bus route it will help the people of St Pauls mobilise and be able to interact with the rest of the city enabling people to find work, enjoy new experiences, but primary mobilise a district so that it can help itself develop with it social and economic problems. I realise that such system would be expensive but I feel it is important for the future of St Pauls to avoid its almost certain further decline. I am aware that the initial cost would deter investor councils and contractors but I feel they should be reassure by the long term gain of helping a district integrate and learn from other districts. Also I propose to remove all cars from St Pauls. It seems irrational to have a car given that they are so close to the centre of town. Although I realise this wouldnt become a reality until a robust transport system could be established. The advantages of this allows for the possible to create green/living streets both to help social mix within the community along with civic pride and food production but also to help future cement the idea of an Alt.Community/ Lifestyle. It will be interesting to see how they social structure changes within this new development.

Transport Infrastructure: Bus Stops and Routes

Gorilla Gardening: Detroit

Park(ing) Day: Global Event 16th September 2011

Dalhouise School of Architecture :Grass Wheel

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3.4 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part III

Opportunities : Derelict and Abandoned Propoerties Another initiative would to be the ability for the people of St Pauls to occupy derelict or abandoned site around St Pauls for the purpose of allotments and public green spaces. This I feel could be achieved it two ways. Options one would be for the council to relieve it hold upon site across St Pauls that have been left abandoned or derelict to be turned into allotments for the people of St Pauls and for these site to go into their ownership as a community. This would one allow the council to free up its public speeding as it would not need to pay for the maintenance and security upon these sites e.g. CCTV, fencing and policing. Also these spaces become ideal space for antisocial behaviour and drug dealing among other crimes, which all adds up for the council/ it would allow them also for free up resource not just in terms of economics factor but also in terms of human resources. Option two, the council lease the land which is abandoned/ derelict for whatever reason to the people of St Pauls again without fee. The reason for this is that it takes time often years for councils to find a purpose for the site/buyer and then of course there the time spent with procuring funds, contracting Architects, Surveyor Developers, and Consortiums, planning application, documents for tender. So of course it makes sense to allow these spaces to be occupied by the people of St Pauls. There are a great deal of advantages to this namely these spaces become passively policed by the people who cultivate there, which deters criminals which also removed the need for police interference help to establish trust and respect within the community. Also money isnt waste policing or security the site. The community has a space to socialise and trade produce even the opportunity to open markets to sell produce. This also helps to keep the large proportion of the population of unemployed in St Pauls active while out of work, rather than dwelling around antisocial spaces and substance abuse. I feel that it is very import in terms of Master planning and phasing a project to ensure that the people who currently live there are the people that benefit. It is paramount that we do not force these people to leave inadvertently by creating an environment becomes too expensive. E.g. attractive companies and businesses that either the people of St Pauls cannot afford their services/ product or do not have the skill sets to be employed by them. Causing the people of St Pauls to migrate to another deprive area. Planning laws and Guidelines St Pauls needs clear and concise planning relations/laws that help to eliminate awkward/antisocial spaces that help support criminal and antisocial activity. New Planning system/laws, no longer allow awkward space narrow alleyways and poorly lit spaces. Narrow alleyways do exist must have clear line of site to destination and well lit preventative architecture antisocial spaces. This will help to enable passive policing within the area. But I feel it is also import for the community to be clear on what power that has as civilians to prevent and protect themselves for crime. Therefore I propose that as part of the experiment of St Pauls the police should enable the people greater power to deal with crime in the area by helping to clarify what a civil arrest entails and that power the people will have to use them. It will be interesting to see how this manifests and the effect it will have upon the community and the criminal society. A Hostile Environment for Criminals to Operate in It will not be possible to completely eliminate crime in St Pauls, however it is my belief we came make St Pauls a hostile environment for criminal to operate. I feel that with a combination of new planning alleyways removing narrow spaces will help reduce mugging and crime. Allotment would prevent squatters and solve problems associate with unemployment and drug distribution. I feel that also providing the people with more power and lighting areas within St Pauls that have the highest levels of criminal activity create well lit and exposed areas will help to deter criminals from St Pauls.

Derelict and Abandoned = Allotments/Gorilla Gardening

Street lighting infrastructure creating Safe connections between Green Spaces and other Amenities

Gorilla Gardening: Camden

Gorilla Gardening:Soho

Gorilla Gardening: New York

Street Lighting Criminal Deterrent: Barcelona

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3.5 Brief & Outlined Strategies: Part IIII

3. Master planning and self-building
Continued on from the previous strategy I feel that the scars left by the Bombings during WWII have never healed. The poorly planned and rushed post war housing not just in St Pauls but across UK and has left a blight on the urban fabric. However I feel that during this period of post war developments the people of the time did the best they could with the resources they had to hand after a the damage cause across Europe. From my analysis I have highlight the building that fail to meet the need of the people of St Pauls this are for the most post war flats. I propose that these builds are demolished and that new schemes of self-build schemes are setup in which the community help construct the development (design through community). This will help to providing house that is applicable to the people of St Pauls. Most families in St Pauls are single parent families and not the average 2.4 children families. That model simply doesnt work and is in part why some housing typologies within the area a fail miserably at meeting the needs.

Proposed Site for Self/Community Build Projects

Self/Community Build: Rammed Earth

Demolition of Post-war Housing

Self Build The Lighthouse : Sheppard Robson,Arup and Kingspan

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3.6 Vision

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