US History AP Review Test 1 Indigenous Americans, c. 13,000 BC 1500 AD 1.

1. Which of the following is not one of the theories about how America was originally settled? [A] Europeans sailed across the Atlantic in rice paper boats during the pre-Christian era. [B] Humans arrived by boat and followed the coast southward from Alaska. [C] Hunters from Asia dispersed themselves over much of North America. [D] Humans arrived in multiple migrations. [E] Siberian hunters crossed from Asia to North American during the last ice age. 2. Almost all Native American peoples are descended from [A] Polynesians who reached the Pacific coast about A.D. 400. [B] African tribesmen who crossed the Atlantic in rice paper canoes. [C] migrants who came from northwestern Asia over the Alaska-Siberia land bridge. [D] Homo sapiens who evolved from North American apes. [E] hunters from central Europe who crossed the polar ice cap and traveled south through what is now Canada. 3. Which of the following was a feature of Paleo-Indian society? [A] They used fluted points on their spears. [B] They developed a cultural life that transcended their small bands. [C] They dwelled in bands of about fifteen to fifty people. [D] They moved constantly, within informally defined boundaries. [E] all of these 4. Why did the Paleo-Indians spread out and proliferate with astonishing speed? [A] because of a high birth rate and the lack of effective birth control [B] because of the onset of a new Ice Age [C] because of assistance from the League of the Iroquois [D] because of their ability to defeat rival Indian tribes [E] because of the bountiful and accommodating environment 5. According to one theory, the arrival of the first Americans coincided with [A] the ending of the Ice Age. [B] the triumph of the Archaic peoples. [C] the influx of locusts and weevils. [D] the extinction of the mammoths and mastodons. [E] the establishment of the first year-round village in North America. 6. Which of the following was not a feature of the Archaic era? [A] the use of new materials to make tools, weapons, and ornaments [B] the practice of more elaborate human burials [C] the development of centralized political power [D] the development of long-distance trade network [E] the more efficient use of resources

7. The people of the Archaic era [A] were wiped out by diseases introduced by Archaic peoples [B] made clear distinctions among themselves on the basis of class or rank. [C] made relatively sharp distinctions between mens and womens roles. [D] generally tried to keep to themselves and had little to do with their neighbors. [E] all of these 8. Which of the following activities would be most likely to lead to a settled life-style in permanent villages? [A] frequent intertribal warfare [B] developing a written language [C] drying fish and storing it in quantities sufficient to last the year round [D] making little distinction between mens and womens roles [E] developing fluted points for spears 9. Farming food-bearing plants began [A] in the humid Eastern Woodlands. [B] on the Hawaiian Islands. [C] in the arid Southwest. [D] near Northeastern river valleys. [E] on the Northwest Coast.

10. What key development was necessary for substantial changes in southwestern life to occur? [A] the introduction of a more drought-resistant strain of maize [B] the construction of elaborate canals [C] the elimination of the Wooly Mammoth [D] the end of the Ice Age [E] the defeat of the League of the Iroquois 11. Which of the following is a feature of Anasazi culture? [A] They domesticated turkeys. [B] They built permanent villages containing distinctive round houses. [C] They believed that the first human beings reached the earth from underground. [D] They became the most powerful Indian people in the Southwest. [E] all of these 12. Anasazi culture declined and fell because of [A] intertribal warfare. [B] destruction by Europeans. [C] earthquakes and tornadoes. [D] disease. [E] drought.

13. Which statement about agriculture and the development of society is not correct? [A] Throughout North America, patterns of agriculture and the development of society were generally similar. [B] On the Northwest Coast, natives shunned agriculture yet nevertheless consolidated their societies. [C] In the Southwest, natives farmed for most of their food and therefore created centralized or confederate political systems. [D] North American cultures were familiar with the properties, uses, and values of plants, soils, and rocks. [E] In the Eastern Woodlands, natives first developed village life and political centralization without farming but later developed a productive agriculture.

14. Which of the following provides evidence of the sophistication of Hopewell culture? [A] oral traditions [B] birch-bark records [C] canals and bridges [D] mounds [E] cave drawings

15. Which of the following is surprising in light of the sophistication of Hopewell culture? [A] The natives were primarily hunter-gatherers. [B] Some of the natives wore effigies, ornaments, and jewelry to their graves. [C] Their trade networks spread their influence over much of the Eastern Woodlands. [D] The natives worked with copper and pottery.

16. Which of the following generalizations about Native American cultures is true? [A] No society had much in common with any other society. [B] Almost all the societies were the same in terms of political and social structure, religious beliefs, and basic contributions. [C] Because of their relationship to the environment, native Americans had evolved into careful conservationists. [D] All Native American cultures were characterized by a preference for independent kin-based communities and certain beliefs and rituals surrounding burial of the dead. [E] Only native cultures in the Eastern Woodlands developed the bow and arrow and used ceramic pottery. 17. At the time of Columbuss arrival in the Western Hemisphere, where were the thickest clusterings of Native Americans? [A] Peru and the Pacific Northwest [B] Canada and New England [C] the Great Basin of North America [D] Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean [E] none of these

18. In 1492 the most important Native American social groups included all of the following factors except [A] kinship bonds. [B] the tribal confederation. [C] the family. [D] the clan. [E] the village.

19. Which of the following best describes patterns of divorce in Native American societies at the time of the first European contacts? [A] Divorce was unknown because Native Americans had no system of marriage. [B] Divorce was virtually unknown because Native American marriage was an ironclad arrangement. [C] Divorce could occur, but the family of the wife was responsible for all legal expenses. [D] Divorce was very common because Native Americans placed little value on sexual fidelity or spiritual values. [E] Divorce was generally a simple process because kinship was more important than marriage. 20. Which of the following would not have been a responsibility of women in northeastern Native American tribes? [A] fishing [B] gathering wild vegetation [C] fieldwork [D] childcare [E] preparation of animal hides

21. The most common foundation of North American life at the time of the first European contacts was [A] the nomadic tribe. [B] the extended family. [C] the plantation. [D] river-trader societies. [E] the nuclear family.

22. In most Native American societies, warfare [A] was a constant and continuing part of life. [B] was conducted more as a pastime than as a way of conquering and subduing enemies. [C] occurred infrequently, and when it did it was conducted in a gentle and polite manner. [D] was an indication of the strength and stability of the society. [E] all of these 23. Which of the following is not true about Native American religious beliefs at the point of the initial European contacts? [A] They prayed to the spirits of the animals that they were about to kill for food. [B] The believed that all nature was alive, pulsating with a spiritual power. [C] They depended on medicine men to understand the unseen. [D] They believed that God had given humanity domination over nature. [E] They explained the origins of the human race in deeply moving myths. 24. Features of most Native American societies included [A] a belief that society should be economically self-sufficient to eliminate the need to trade with other tribes. [B] a simple, noncompetitive attitude that encouraged equality and consensus. [C] a life that was strictly regulated and that had little room for nonconformity. [D] an understanding that Native Americans were ordained by God to rule the continent. [E] the notion that property ownership conferred perpetual and exclusive control of land. 25. In child rearing, most Native Americans favored [A] psychotropic medication. [B] psychological punishment. [C] branding. [D] physical punishment. [E] temporary banishment to another village. 26. The authority of Native American leaders most often depended primarily on [A] the ratio of the size of the leaders bicep to the size of his calf. [B] how many gifts they could accumulate in the potlatch ceremony. [C] what they could accomplish by compulsion. [D] the respect that they could invoke. [E] the number of scalps that could be accumulated in warfare. 27. Which of the following statements accurately reflects one aspect of the principle of reciprocity? [A] A society had to maintain equilibrium and interdependence between individuals of unequal power and prestige. [B] Nature was a web of interdependent power entities into which human beings had to fit. [C] All people of an area had the right to share and use the land for different but complementary purposes. [D] all of these. [E] none of these 28. One of the significant differences between European society and most indigenous American cultures was that [A] Native American societies tended to be more competitive than European societies. [B] in Europe trade flourished, while it was virtually nonexistent among Native American societies. [C] few Native Americans had any conception of a supreme being. [D] Europeans traveled widely, while Native Americans rarely ventured beyond their villages. [E] Native Americans lacked the concept that property ownership conferred perpetual and exclusive control of land.

29. Although most people at Cahokia were buried in mass graves, a few were buried in ridgetop mounds or conical mounds. This suggests that [A] there was a high water table. [B] the society was on the verge of collapse. [C] Cahokians probably did not grow their own food. [D] Cahokia must have been the capital of a potential nation-state. [E] there was a social hierarchy. 30. Based on what historians have learned about Cahokia, what conclusion might you draw about a society in which you found an insufficient food supply, depletion of the forests, military challenges from inside or out, and the collapse of trade? [A] A dictator was about to rise to power. [B] The society was young, unstable, and on the verge of greatness. [C] The society had recently been devastated by war and conquered by a ruthless oppressor. [D] The society was on the decline and about to collapse. [E] No conclusion can be drawn from these facts. 31. According to one theory, the first inhabitants of the Americas reached the Western Hemisphere by [A] migrating in outrigger canoes from Polynesia to the Isthmus of Panama and Central America. [B] long and dangerous treks over the polar icecap. [C] swift sailing vessels crossing from northern Europe to Iceland to New England. [D] migrating from Asia across the then existing Alaska-Siberia land bridge. [E] giant outrigger canoes from the western coast of Africa. 32. Which one of these Native American cultures is not correctly matched to the geographic area in which it flourished? [A] HohokamArizona [B] Woodlandthe Pacific Northwest and California [C] Pueblo-Arizona and New Mexico [D] They are all correctly matched. [E] Hopewellthe Midwest

33. At the time of Columbuss first voyage to the Western Hemisphere, about how many Native Americans lived on the continent north of Mesoamerica? [A] 350 million [B] 7 to 10 million [C] 75 million [D] 50,000 to 100,000 [E] 1 to 2 million

34. The densest Indian populations in what would later be the United States were found in [A] the Great Plains. [B] the southwestern desert. [C] California and the Pacific Northwest. [D] New England. [E] the Great Basin.

35. Among North American Indians women alone did the farming except for tribes in the [A] Mississippi Valley. [B] Cahokia. [C] Great Basin. [D] Northeast. [E] Southwest.