Chapter 24: Fiber Optics

TRUE/FALSE 1. An optical fiber is a waveguide for light. ANS: T 2. Fiber has greater bandwidth than copper cable. ANS: T 3. Optical fiber has greater loss per kilometer than copper cable. ANS: F 4. Fiber is immune to crosstalk. ANS: T 5. Optical fiber carries a very small amount of current. ANS: F 6. Optical fiber is easy to "tap". ANS: F 7. Optical fiber is easy to splice. ANS: F 8. Optical fiber can be used safely in an atmosphere of explosive gas. ANS: T 9. Optical fiber can be used to connect a radio transmitter to an antenna. ANS: F 10. The core has a higher index of refraction than does the cladding. ANS: T 11. Single-mode fiber causes less dispersion than does multimode fiber. ANS: T 12. Single-mode fiber is always made from glass. ANS: T

13. The core of a single mode fiber is on the order of 1000 m. ANS: F 14. Single-mode fiber is free of all dispersion effects. ANS: F 15. Dispersion can be expressed in units of time. ANS: T 16. The terms "linewidth" and "bandwidth" are equivalent for fiber. ANS: T 17. Dispersion increases with cable length. ANS: T 18. Glass fiber-optic cables have a loss of about 3dB per km. ANS: F 19. Plastic fiber-optic cables have a loss of several hundred dB per km. ANS: T 20. The losses due to splicing can be greater than the losses due to the cable itself. ANS: T 21. The purpose of the cladding is to add strength to the fiber-optic cable. ANS: F 22. The terms "splice" and "connector" are equivalent for fiber. ANS: F 23. A typical splice has a loss of 0.2 dB or less. ANS: T 24. Unlike copper cables, it is not possible to make an optical power splitter. ANS: F 25. Like copper cables, it is possible to make an optical directional coupler. ANS: T 26. It is possible to make an optical switch.

ANS: T 27. Energy can be expressed in electron-volts. ANS: T 28. LEDs are commonly used to drive single-mode fiber cables in communications systems. ANS: F 29. PIN diodes are used as receivers on single-mode fiber cables in communications systems. ANS: T 30. A LASER diode can be turned on and off at a rate of 10 GHz. ANS: T MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Compared to the core, the index of refraction of the cladding must be: a. the same c. less b. greater d. doesn't have an index of refraction ANS: C 2. Fiber-optic cables do not: a. carry current b. cause crosstalk ANS: D 3. Single-mode fiber is made from: a. glass b. plastic ANS: A 4. Fiber-optic cable cannot be used: a. in an explosive environment b. to connect a transmitter to an antenna c. to isolate a medical patient from a shock hazard d. none of the above ANS: B 5. A single-mode cable does not suffer from: a. modal dispersion b. chromatic dispersion ANS: A 6. Scattering causes: a. loss c. intersymbol interference c. waveguide dispersion d. all of the above c. both a and b d. none of the above c. generate EMI d. all of the above

b. dispersion ANS: A

d. all of the above

7. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to the glass is about: a. 40 dB per km c. 0.4 dB per km b. 4 db per km d. zero loss ANS: C 8. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to a splice is about: a. 0.02 dB c. 1 dB b. 0.2 db d. 3 dB ANS: A 9. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to a connector is about: a. 0.02 dB c. 1 dB b. 0.2 db d. 3 dB ANS: B 10. Which of the following is a type of fiber connector: a. ST c. SMA b. SC d. all of the above ANS: D 11. The quantum of light is called: a. an erg b. an e-v ANS: C 12. LASER stands for: a. Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation b. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation c. Light Amplification by Simulated Emitted Rays d. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emitted Rays ANS: B 13. APD stands for: a. Avalanche Photodiode b. Advanced Photodiode ANS: A 14. In a PIN diode, leakage current in the absence of light is called: a. baseline current c. dark current b. zero-point current d. E-H current ANS: C 15. For a light detector, responsivity is measured in: a. amps per watt c. mA per joule b. W per amp d. sec per W c. Avalanche Photo Detector d. Advanced Photo Detector c. a photon d. a phonon

ANS: A COMPLETION 1. In the core, the angle of incidence equals the angle of ____________________. ANS: reflection 2. The core is surrounded by the ____________________. ANS: cladding 3. The ____________________ angle is where refraction changes to reflection. ANS: critical 4. An electron-volt is a measure of ____________________. ANS: energy 5. The numerical aperture is the ____________________ of the angle of acceptance. ANS: sine 6. Optical fiber relies on total ____________________ reflection. ANS: internal 7. Chromatic dispersion is also called ____________________ dispersion. ANS: intramodal 8. With optical fiber, ____________________ light is more common than visible light. ANS: infrared 9. In multimode fiber, ____________________ index has less dispersion than step index. ANS: graded 10. For laser diodes, the term ____________________ is used instead of bandwidth. ANS: linewidth 11. Dispersion can be expressed in units of ____________________ rather than bandwidth. ANS: time 12. ____________________ interference is when one pulse merges with the next pulse. ANS: Intersymbol

13. The optical fiber is free to move around in a ____________________ cable. ANS: loose-tube 14. The optical fiber is not free to move around in a ____________________ cable. ANS: tight-buffer 15. A ____________________ is a short length of fiber that carries the light away from the source. ANS: pigtail 16. Good connections are more critical with ____________________-mode fiber. ANS: single 17. A ____________________ diode is the usual light source for single-mode cable. ANS: laser 18. The quantum of light is called the ____________________. ANS: photon 19. A ____________________ diode is the usual light detector for single-mode cable. ANS: PIN 20. For safety, you should never ____________________ at the end of an optical fiber unless you know it is not connected to a light source. ANS: look