2010 Second International Conference on MultiMedia and Information Technology

The study for the ZigBee with RFID Positioning System

Chung-Hsin Liu Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science, Chinese Culture University 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City 111, Taiwan, R. O. C. liu3.gold@msa.hinet.net
AbstractThis paper is mainly to investigate the positioning technology. We use RFID and ZigBee to increase positioning accuracy in house or interior space. ZigBee technologies have low-cost, low power consumption, small size, easy to fabric construction, etc. Ideally, it suited for short-range wireless transmission of leaving. There are two-way communication is superlative for indoor positioning system. RFID can be through radio signals to identify a specific target, and then read or write data. It does not need identification system and the specific goals established between the mechanical or optical contact. Our Experiments showed that ZigBee devices with RF functionality, the accuracy better than ZigBee-enabled devices. The packet with the RF function devices only needs 0.3s and without RF functions need 0.5s. The transfer function of arrival rate with RF devices reach 95% but without RFenabled devices is only 73%. Hence that RF enabled ZigBee devices can effectively improve the positioning accuracy. Keywords- RFID; ZigBee

Jian-Yun Lo Student Department of Computer Science, Chinese Culture University 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City 111, Taiwan, R. O. C. shyangsnt@gmail.com very suitable for short-range wireless transmission of leaving, there is two-way communication ideal for indoor positioning system; RFID can identify a specific target by radio signals and to read-write data without the identify system and the specific goals established between the mechanical and optical contact. II. POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY Commonly used for indoor positioning methods TOA (Time of Arrival, signal time of arrival), TDOA (Time difference of Arrival, arrival time difference), AOA (Angle of Arrival, arrived at many angles to) and RSS (Received Signal Strength, for good strength),etc. Positioning method is a lot of profit with the transceiver to locate a user's location. In this case with the signal characteristics of interest law, NNSS-AVG (Nearest Neighboring Signal Strength) and the combination of RF event trigger method and path method developed by a variety of technologies such as positioning systems, increase the positioning accuracy of the results. [3][8]. A. Multi-point positioning The concept of using Trilateration distributed to repeat in other multi-point positioning to get the location of the point. [3] See Figure 1:

I.

INTRODUCTION

As the sensor technology and wireless communication continues to improve, prompting the wireless sensor network the application of rapid development. Wireless sensor network, a wide range of applications can be used in industrial control hotels, environmental monitoring, and digital family. However, there are still many problems to be overcome, such as the accuracy of positioning technology, security, and energy depletion in the wireless sensor network. The most common wireless location technology is GPS; car satellite navigation is the best example. However, GPS signals susceptible to shelter in buildings if use indoor is one of greatest weaknesses. GPS has the power-consuming, taking up the volume and other shortcomings, cannot provide indoor location-based services, coupled with the wireless signal coverage of the network signal to be able to complete coverage of the entire measurement region, while the indoor environment is often the barrier compartment leading to signal attenuation even interrupted. Therefore, positioning system for the network design must consider the different series system in real-time. In addition real-time location systems need to take a lot of equipment and goods to be positioned; wireless network capacity of the system is the main consideration, so we use the latest technology, RFID and wireless 802.15.4/ZigBee, increase indoor positioning accuracy. ZigBee technology with low-cost, low power consumption, small size, easy to fabric construction, etc.. Its
978-0-7695-4008-5/10 $26.00 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/MMIT.2010.156

Figure1. (a) single multi-point positioning (b) Repeat multipoint positioning 2.4 Sample than the method of positioning This approach is not a measurement target object and the distance between the reference points, but contrast the target objects to collect signal strength and location of the database features various training locations characteristics. Because each location reference point for the receipt of the signal strength characteristics is different, through this feature can effectively reduce the signal strength due to instability caused by the positioning error. In general, you can locate

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the course is divided into two stages: 1. Training phase. 2. Positioning stage. Basically, the training location to collect more, the more signal samples for more accurate positioning results. Throughout the orientation process can be divided into Off-line and Real-time two parts. Off-line of some of the main task is to obtain from the receiver signal strength of the Zigbee nodes, and then the received signal strength to establish an information database; As for the Real-time part of the work is obtained from the receiver signal strength of the Zigbee nodes. See Figure 2:

Zigbee Extension Gateway to Zigbee device status and Zigbee badge location data sent to WinNOC systems, so users can easily profit by WinNOC interface to manage system operation and maintenance. [2] WinNOC system includes three main parts: Device Management User Management Accounting Management Organization Place used to network equipment and user for classification management. See Figure 3:

Figure 2. sample than in the French process B. Nearest neighbor algorithm This paper we use NNSS-AVG (Nearest Neighbor in Signal Strength).We use algorithms to reduce the profit signal drift caused by the positioning error. In the training phase, each training module positions will be positioned to create a feature vector and then calculated in positioning the various stages of training, location and signals the geometric distance in which we pick the smallest n-training position and then we average values of these coordinates so the average results as a result of our position estimation. If you want to exact, you can increase the number of training positions. If too much number, feature vectors will be similar and its not good for accuracy. C. RF event-triggered method Sometimes Zigbee signals are due to indoor environmental factors. For example: compartment leading to signal attenuation or even interrupt or signal overlap, where positioning cannot be judicious. Therefore, we profit with RF technology, profit use directional antennas to solve this problem, while saving power consumption and layout of equipment Zigbee costs, depending on signal strength to determine the signal source, we use the Patch Antenna. Patch Antenna has a strong directional can be used to provide more obvious signal characteristics. In the normal forward direction of the antenna, the signal is very concentrated, three-dimensional of the spindle, while the antenna is turning its back and the other direction, then the signal clearly smaller. III. WINNOC SYSTEM

Figure 3. Use-Case Diagram WinNOC systems also integrate Zigbee, RFID and other wireless sensing devices composed of wireless network infrastructure. WinNOC system uses ZigBee Badge and ZigBee Location Node wireless sensor transceiver module to do indoor positioning system. Also with ZigBee Gateway Interface send data by Ethernet to ZigBee then send to WinNOC systems. [2] See Figure 4:

Figure 4. WinNOC System Architecture B. ZigBee Positioning Technology Real-time positioning system consists of Zigbee network subsystem and positioning subsystem composed of two subsystems, detailed as follows: (1) Network Subsystem Network subsystem by the Zigbee Gateway and Zigbee Location Node posed, Zigbee Extension Gateway: Zigbee Extension Gateway combines two functions Coordinator and the Bridge for the ZigBee network system hub and ZigBee signals through Ethernet then sent to WinNOC Location Server. At the same time by Switch Hub can be expanded and signal extension Zigbeebadge module.

A. WinNOC Architecture WinNOC system is a prototype and improves the system, which is a managed wireless network devices developed middleware. It integrates Zigbee Positioning System by

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Zigbee Location Node: Zigbee Location Node to play the role of Router through the ZigBee protocol and provide the required positioning locator beacons builds Positioning System. (2) Position Subsystem Positioning subsystem includes two parts of the positioning and location of operations to send and receive signals. Positioning operation Zigbee positioning is based on the law to signal characteristics, combined with RF technology and other algorithms to calculate the positioning results. Positioning server consists of the following three main elements: Database Server: The responsible for receiving packets from the Zigbee Getaway and signal processing, respectively, positioned after the packet passed to the Position Server processing and device management packets passed to the Message Server processing. Position Server: Back to server location positioning signals, comparing Location Node Beacon received signal strength, we can obtain Badge closer to Location Node and obtained positioning results. Message Server: Device returns to collect the management of packets, detect the current state of each device. See Figure 5:

Figure 6. Positioning Signal Process Action IV. SIMULATION

Figure 5. Positioning server architecture C. Location to send and receive signals Zigbee Badge location labeled as a rechargeable positioning labels. Positioning labels usually are in sleep mode, Badge will periodically wake up or be fired by Location Node event-triggered wake-up signal and then positioning signal collection. Positioning signal moves the positioning process Zigbee signal is used IEEE802.15.4 profit to the beacon implementation. Zigbee Badge being triggered wake-up or wake up periodically broadcast beacon requests packet, receipt of the request Location Node will respond to their own beacon. Zigbee Badge will be collected within a period of time all the beacons, the record received Location Node beacons and the received signal strength to determine, by ZigBee Gateway network back to the WinNOC Server to do for further calculations. Figure 6 UML Sequence Diagram, said positioning signal action process. [2]

Comparisons of this study have only ZigBee enabled functions and RF functions with ZigBee positioning system. Only has the ZigBee system is based on the positioning function of the fixed-point set ZigBee devices n0 ~ n24, users wear a ZigBee transceiver device n25, when the user through to the ZigBee nodes within its ability, it will send packets to test the user location. We measured position by multi-point positioning and neighboring algorithms.; Users wear a RF enabled ZigBee devices n25, then n0 ~ n24 with the RF receiver functions, and the same as above, user through to the ZigBee nodes within its ability and users device able to send messages around the point. We measured position by multi-point positioning and neighboring algorithms. n25 is a receiver ZigBee-enabled device, the other node ZigBee devices. N25 at 0 seconds and then began to move in our goal node(1400,720).When the n25 into the effective range of ZigBee's, ZigBee will start AODV and providing n25 to find the lost-cost so the n25 can quickly reach their destination. They will continue to send a message to each node and tests any nodes to move around here. Every time after the effective range of each of the ZigBee devices, ZigBee will begin to move location of the records n25, until beyond the node. Finally, we use algorithms to calculate the coordinates of position. See Figure 7:

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V.

CONCLUSION

It was found the ZigBee devices with RF functionality and accuracy than ZigBee-enabled devices, such as packet delay: the delay with the RF function devices only needs 0.3s without RF functions need 0.5s, delayed slightly higher the query. Then transfer function of arrival rate with RF devices reach 95% without RF-enabled devices only 73%, proved to have RF enabled ZigBee devices can effectively improve the positioning accuracy. There are not many obstacles to partition so we have high degree of accuracy in laboratory. But in the actual environment, there are more likely to obstacles such as warehouses. We can try to increase the number of nodes to improve accuracy. See Figure 9:

Figure 7. fixed at each node ZigBee devices After using the NS2 simulation, the performance out of a total of 1510 packets sent, 1116 packets received and the successful rate of 73.9073 percent, packet delay time 0.561603s. n25 is function of ZigBee to wear RF transmitter, the other node ZigBee devices with RF capabilities. N25 at 0 seconds and then began to move in our goal node(1400,720). When the n25 f into the RF after the effective range of ZigBee functionality, n25 will send messages to each node and find the lost-cost. The n25 and each node will exchange information and continue to record their position; Re-use algorithms calculate the coordinates of position, the last. See Figure 8:

Figure 9. Comparison of accuracy with the RF function of a ZigBee and the only difference between ZigBee functionality REFERENCES
[1] Ke Zhi Heng , Learning computer network experiment - using the NS2 simulation of multi-media communications and wireless networks, 2007. Fan Zhijie, Zigbee Positioning System Integration Study, Institute of Information Management Chinese Culture University. know the city - and personal wireless local area networks, arbitrarily and sensor network of technology and applications. Tang Chao-Qiang, wireless remote home health care systems development, well-being of Nankai University of Technology master's degree thesis of technology and service management. Wang Zhaoqing, Wireless Sensor Network for positioning of the implementation, National Chung Cheng University Electrical Engineering Research Institute Master text. Wu Shixian, Support RFID positioning 3D virtual tour system, True Management University Number of masters in management science Master text. Li Qi, in the wireless sensor network positioning method design, Tatung University, Information Management Research master's thesis. Huang Junyuan, Wireless LAN indoor positioning platform, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Communication Master Text.

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Figure 8. with the RF device users with the ZigBee After using NS2 simulation, the performance out of a total of 1510 packets sent, 1449 packets received, and the successful rate of 95.9603 percent, packet delay time 0.311222s.

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