2010 Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS)

Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System
T
R
O
P
E
R
L
A
U
ANN
2010
kar
FarN nig dw
sa
RY
ST
MINI
O
F
Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Health
AN
SP
ORT
Ban
kC
RksYg
CHEV HAK
TR
PU
ND
BLIC
WORKS A
Ministry of Public Works

and Transport
National Road Safety Committee
Handicap International Belgium
Notice: This report may be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced or translated in part or in whole, but not for the purposes of sale.
Website: www.roadsafetycambodia.info
CambodiaRoadCrashandVictimInformationSystem
AnnualReport2010
TableofContents
TableofContents ........................................................................................................................................ i
ListofFigures............................................................................................................................................. iii
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ iv
Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... v
NotefromtheMinistryofPublicWorkandTransportandNationalRoadSafetyCommittee..................... v
NotefromtheMinisterofHealth....................................................................................................... vii
NotefromWorldHealthOrganization ................................................................................................. ix
NotefromHandicapInternationalBelgium ........................................................................................... x
ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................................... xi
Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. xiii
I.Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 1
II.DataSource ............................................................................................................................................ 2
III.Mainevolutionofdata ......................................................................................................................... 3
IV.GeneralFigures ..................................................................................................................................... 6
IV.1RegionalandNationalComparisons...............................................................................................6
IV.2VictimInformation .......................................................................................................................7
IV.2.1Age ....................................................................................................................................8
IV.2.2Gender ...............................................................................................................................9
IV.2.3Occupation .......................................................................................................................10
IV.2.4Typeofroaduser ..............................................................................................................11
IV.2.5Transfertohospital ...........................................................................................................12
IV.2.6Severityofinjuries.............................................................................................................13
IV.2.7Natureofinjuries ..............................................................................................................14
IV.2.8Seatbelt ............................................................................................................................15
IV.3Crashinformation ......................................................................................................................16
IV.3.1HitandRun.......................................................................................................................16
IV.3.2Typeofcollision ................................................................................................................16
IV.3.3Typeofroad......................................................................................................................18
IV.3.4Characteristicofroad.........................................................................................................19
IV.3.5Urban/ruralarea ...............................................................................................................19
IV.4VehicleinvolvedInformation ......................................................................................................20
IV.4.1Typeofvehicleinvolved.....................................................................................................20
IV.4.2Manoeuvreofvehicles.......................................................................................................20
IV.4.3Characteristicsofvehicles ..................................................................................................21
IV.5Causesofcrashes.......................................................................................................................21
V.Motorbikeridersandhelmetwearing................................................................................................ 23
VI.Overspeeding ..................................................................................................................................... 27
VII.DrunkDriving ..................................................................................................................................... 30
VIII.Pedestrians........................................................................................................................................ 32
IX.Blackspot ............................................................................................................................................. 35
IX.1PhnomPenh ..............................................................................................................................35
IX.2KampongCham..........................................................................................................................37
IX.3Kandal.......................................................................................................................................38
IX.4SiemReap .................................................................................................................................41
IX.5Otherprovinces .........................................................................................................................42
X.Furtherestimationincludingunderreporting................................................................................. 43
X.1Estimationofoverallroadcrashcasualties ....................................................................................43
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X.2Analysisonroadcrashcost ..........................................................................................................45
Tables........................................................................................................................................................ 46
1.Evolutionofdataduringtheyears ..................................................................................................46
2.Trendofpopulation,registeredvehicles,andfatalitiesbyyears........................................................48
3.Numberoffatalitiesbymainnationalroadsandyears .....................................................................48
4.Numberoffatalitiesperkilometrebynationalroadsandyears.........................................................48
5.Numberoffatalitiesinthewholecountrybymonthcategoryandyears............................................49
6.NumberoffatalitiesinPhnomPenhbymonthcategoryandyears. ...................................................49
7.NumberoffatalitiesinPhnomPenhbydistrictandyears. ................................................................49
8.Numberoffatalitiesbyagecategoryandyears................................................................................50
9.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport andyears .......................................................................50
10.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransportandagecategory2010.................................................50
11.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport,genderandagecategory2010.....................................51
12.Numberoffatalitiesbyroaduser,genderandmodeoftransport2010.........................................51
13.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport,roaduserandagecategory2010 .................................52
14.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupationandagecategory2010 ..........................................................52
15.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupationsandmodeoftransport2010..................................................52
16.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupation,roaduserandagecategory2010 ...........................................53
17.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandmonthcategory2010..........................................................54
18.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandagecategory2010 ..............................................................55
19.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandmodeoftransport2010 ......................................................56
20.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandyears20062010 ...................................................................57
21.Datacollectionforms ..................................................................................................................58
22.Feedbackform............................................................................................................................61
Glossary .................................................................................................................................................... 62
References ................................................................................................................................................ 65
Contacts .................................................................................................................................................... 66
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ListofFigures
Figure1:RCVISdatacollectionflowin2010 ................................................................................................................... 1
Figure2:PercentageofinjuriesandfatalitiesreportedtoRCVISbytrafficpoliceandhealthfacilities2010 ...................... 2
Figure3:Numberofhealthcenters,hospitalsanddistricttrafficpolicereportedtoRCVISbyprovinces ............................. 3
Figure4:Evolutionofroadfatalities,populationandvehiclesinCambodia,20052010(base100=2005)........................ 3
Figure5:FatalityratesinCambodia19982010(1) ....................................................................................................... 4
Figure6:Fatalityratesper10,000registeredtwowheelerandfourwheeler(2),20072010............................................. 4
Figure7:Thenumbersoffatalitiesonmainnationalroadnetwork,2009 2010 .............................................................. 5
Figure8:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymainholidays,20092010..................................................................................... 5
Figure9Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymonths,20092010 ............................................................................................. 6
Figure10:FatalityratescomparisonsbetweenselectedcountriesinAsia2010 ........................................................... 6
Figure11:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbyprovinces2010................................................................................................ 7
Figure12:ThenumbersoffatalitiesbydistrictsinPhnomPenh,20092010.................................................................... 7
Figure13:Breakdownofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuries,20062010 ............................................................................. 7
Figure14:Breakdownoffatalitiesbyagecategories,20092010 ................................................................................... 8
Figure16:Agecategoriesofdriverfatalitiesbymodeoftransport2010 ........................................................................ 9
Figure17:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbygenderdifferentagecategories2010 ............................................................. 9
Figure18:Percentageoffatalitiesbygenderandroadusers2010............................................................................... 10
Figure19:Percentageofinjuriesandfatalitiesbyoccupations2010 ........................................................................... 10
Figure20:Percentageofstudentfatalitiesbymodesoftransportandroadusers2010 ................................................ 11
Figure21:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymodesoftransport,20092010 ....................................................................... 11
Figure22:Percentageofcasualtiesbymodesoftransportandinjuryseverities2010 ................................................... 12
Figure23:Percentageoffatalitiesbymodesoftransportandgender2010.................................................................. 12
Figure24:DurationtoarriveatthefirsthealthfacilityinPhnomPenhversusprovinces2010 ....................................... 13
Figure25:Percentageofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuries2010................................................................................... 13
Figure26:Percentageofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuriesandtimecategories2010..................................................... 14
Figure27:Percentageofcasualtiesbycategoryofnatureofinjuries2010 ................................................................... 14
Figure28:Percentageofcasualtiesbytypeofdisabilities2010.................................................................................... 15
Figure29:Percentageof4wheelerdrivercasualtieswearingaseatbelt2010.............................................................. 15
Figure30:Percentageof4wheelerdriversusingseatbeltbyseverityofinjuries2010 .................................................. 15
Figure31:Percentageofhitandruncrashesandfatalities,20092010 .......................................................................... 16
Figure32:Percentageoffatalitiesbytypeofcollisions2010 ....................................................................................... 16
Figure33:Percentageofcrashesbytypeofcollisionsandseveritiesofcrashes2010.................................................... 17
Figure34:Percentageofcrashesbycharacteristicofroadsandtypeofcollisions2010................................................. 17
Figure35:Percentageofcrashesbyhumanerrorsandtypesofcollisions2010............................................................ 18
Figure36:Percentageofcrashesbytypeofroadsandhumanerrors2010 .................................................................. 18
Figure37:Percentageofcrashesandfatalitiesbycharacteristicofroads2010............................................................. 19
Figure38:Percentageofcrashesbyseveritiesofcrashesandcharacteristicsofroads2010 .......................................... 19
Figure39:Percentageofcrashesinurbanandruralareasandtypesofcollisions2010 ................................................. 20
Figure40:Percentageofvehiclesinvolvedbytypeofcollisions2010........................................................................... 20
Figure41:Percentageofvehiclesinvolvedincrashesbymaneuverofvehicles2010 .................................................... 21
Figure42:Percentageofcrashesbycausesofcrashes2010........................................................................................ 21
Figure43:Percentageofcrashesandfatalitiescausedbyhumanerrors2010 .............................................................. 22
Figure44:Percentageofcrashesduringdayvs.nightcausedbyhumanerrors2010 .................................................... 22
Figure45:Percentageofcrashesbyseveritiesofcrashesandhumanerrors2010 ........................................................ 22
Figure46:Thenumbersofmotorbikefatalitiesbyyears,20062010............................................................................ 23
Figure47:Thenumbersofmotorbikefatalitiesbydays,20092010.............................................................................. 23
Figure48:Thenumbersofmotorbikedrivercasualtiesbyagecategoriesandseveritiesofinjuries2010 ....................... 24
Figure49:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbymainnationalroads2010 ................................................................. 24
Figure50:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbyprovinces2010 ................................................................................. 25
Figure51:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbytimecategories2010........................................................................ 25
Figure52:Percentageofmotorbikefatalitiesthatsufferedfromheadinjuries,20072010............................................ 26
Figure53:Percentageofmotorcyclecasualtiesbymonthsandhelmetuse2010.......................................................... 26
Figure54:Percentageofmotorcyclecasualtiesbyhelmetuseindaytimeandnighttime2010 ...................................... 26
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Figure55:ThenumberoffatalitiesbyOverspeeding,20062010 ................................................................................ 27
Figure56:Distributionoffatalitiesduetooverspeedingbytimecategories20092010................................................. 27
Figure57:Thenumberoffatalitiesbymonthscausedbyoverspeeding20092010 ..................................................... 28
Figure58:PercentageoffatalitiesbydayofweekcausedbyOverspeeding2010 ........................................................ 28
Figure59:Percentageoffatalitiesinoverspeedingcrashes,byagegroupsandmodeoftransport2010 ....................... 28
Figure60:Percentageoffatalitiesbymainnationalroadscausedbyoverspeeding2010 ............................................. 29
Figure61:DistributionoffatalitiesbyprovincescausedbyOverspeeding2010 ........................................................... 29
Figure62:Thenumberoffatalitiescausedbydrunkdriving2010............................................................................... 30
Figure63:Distributionoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingbytimecategories20092010................................................... 30
Figure64:Percentageoffatalitiesbydayandnightcausedbydrunkdriving2010......................................................... 30
Figure65:Percentageofcasualties(injuredandfatalities)indrunkdrivingcrashes2010............................................... 31
Figure66:Percentageoffatalitiesbyagecategoriesandmodeoftransportcausedbydrunkdriving2010 ..................... 31
Figure67:Distributionoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingbymainnationalroads2010................................................... 32
Figure68:Distributionoffatalitiesbyprovincescausedbydrunkdriving2010............................................................. 32
Figure69:Thenumbersofpedestrianfatalities20062010........................................................................................... 32
Figure70:Distributionofpedestrianfatalitiesbytimecategories,20092010 ................................................................ 33
Figure71:Distributionofinjuredpedestriansandfatalitiesbyagecategories2010...................................................... 33
Figure72:Percentageofpedestriansinjuredandkilledbyhumanerrors2010............................................................. 34
Figure73:Distributionofpedestrianfatalitiesbyprovinces2010 ................................................................................ 34
Figure74:AllblackspotlocationsinPhnomPenh2010............................................................................................... 36
Figure75:AllblackspotlocationsinKampongCham2010 .......................................................................................... 38
Figure76:AllblackspotlocationsinKandal2010........................................................................................................ 40
Figure77:AllblackspotlocationsinSiemReap2010 .................................................................................................. 41
Figure78:Allblackspotlocationsin20provinces(excludedPhnomPenh,K.Cham,KandalandSiemReap)2010............ 43
Figure79:Dataclassifiedbysources ............................................................................................................................ 44
Figure80:Numberofcasualtiesestimatedbythecapturerecapturemethod ................................................................ 44
Abbreviations
ADB
ASEAN
Avg
GPS
HIB
IRTAD
MoH
MoI
NR
NRSC
OECD
RCVIS
WHO
OECD
AsianDevelopmentBank
AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations
Average
GlobalPositioningSystem
HandicapInternationalBelgium
InternationalTrafficSafetyDataandAnalysisGroup
MinistryofHealth
MinistryofInterior
NationalRoad
NationalRoadSafetyCommittee
OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment
RoadCrashVictimandInformationSystem
WorldHealthOrganization
OrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment
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Foreword
NotefromtheMinistryofPublicWorkandTransportandNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
Tragedy that is caused by traffic accidents is the tragedy that the royal government considered the main
problemfornow.Thenumbersoffatalities,injuries,peoplewithdisabilities,orphans,widows,famine,misery
andthehardshipofpeoplearestillserious.Withinthelast5years,thenumbersoffatalitiesarealmostdouble,
and the numbers of traffic accidents increased more than 200%. Nearly 90% of road traffic victims are
motorcyclists,pedestriansandcyclists.Eventhoughthenumbersoffatalitiesamong10,000vehiclesdecreased
ifcomparedto2009,buttherealtotalnumbersoffatalitiesandtheratesamong100,000peoplestillcontinue
toincrease.ThetrafficaccidentscausedmajorimpactstobothsocioeconomyandwelfareofCambodia.
Eventhougheffortsandcareweremadewithhighresponsibilityandwillofourleadersandthelowerofficials
toimplementthefiveyearnationalactionplanofroadsafety(20062010),westillcouldnotlowerthenumbers
offatalitiesasplannedbyASEAN(fatalitiesrateunder7)in2010,becausetheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
(NRSC) lacks of human resources and some amount of money to implement the 15point plans of action.
Previously,therewerenational,InternationalNGOsandtheprivatesectorscontributedtechnical,materialsand
financialassistancebutwasnotsufficient.
2010wasthe5thyearanniversaryoftheformationofNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)andhasstarted
close cooperation shoulders in shoulders with Ministry of Interior (MoI), Ministry of Health (MoH) and other
relatedministrieswiththeCambodianRedCross(CRC),NGOsandotherprivatesectorstoimplementthe5year
planofactionofroadsafety(20062010).Atthemeantime,theNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)would
like to express its pride and highly value on the results stemmed from the above cooperation we made
altogethertowhichwereceivedtheimportantachievementsasthefollowing
1. HassetupRoadSafetyManagementmechanismaswellastrafficaccidentfromnationallevelsto
provinciallevelsandisintheprocesstoexpandtovillageanddistrictlevels.Hascollaboratedclosely
with Handicap International Belgium (HIB) in order to set up the Road Crash Victim Information
System (RCVIS) with the aim to follow up on the evolution of the traffic accidents, identify the
causesandtargetsoftrafficaccidents.Intermsofeducation,wehavemadeabigstepforwardin
providingeducationtostudentsovertrafficlaweducationprogramaswellasroadsafety.Whereas
in the field of health, we provided training on basic emergency assistance to people, experts and
othercompetentofficials.
2. Has highly promoted the awareness of people about Traffic Law and Road Safety with satisfied
resultssuchasincreasingthehelmetwearingrateofbothdriversandpassengersandwealsohave
preventedtheoverspeedlimitdrivingmaximumrateaswellasthedrunkdrivingin2020.
3. Havereducedtheratesoffatalitiesandinjuries.Ifthe5yearactionplan(20062010)andmeasures
werenotexistedthetrafficaccidentwouldhavehappenedmorethanthis.Obviously,ithasreduced
the fatalities rates among 10,000 vehicles since 2006 from 18.1 fatalities to 11 fatalities in 2010.
EventhoughthisrateisnotrespondedtoASEANsplan(7fatalitiesper10,000vehicles)butthisisa
common major achievement of the National Road Safety Committee (NRSC) and the related
ministriesorinstitutionsandortheNGOsaswellastheprivatesectorswhoplayedkeyrolesinthe
past.
4. Clearlyidentifiedthetargettofightwithinthefuturewithinthecontinualplanofactionsuchasthe
education,awareness,reductionofoverspeedlimitrate,reductionofdrinkdrivingrate,topromote
thehelmetwearingrateandothertargets.
Toconclude,duringthepast5years(20062010)theNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)hasformedthe
solidfoundationinclosecollaborationwithrelatedMinistriesandinstitutions,nongovernmentalorganizations
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andtheprivatesectorsinordertoactivelyfightinthelongrunandworrisomeroadaccidentbattlefieldinthe
KingdomofCambodia.
Inordertorespondtothecurrentsituationofroadtrafficaccidentandinordertocontinuethesustainability
withtheaimtopreventandreducethefatalitiesratefromroadaccidents,theNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
(NRSC)hasdevelopedadraftofnationalplanfordecadeofRoadSafety20112020withdistinctiveandspecial
characteristicswhichlinkedwithDecadeofActionforRoadSafetyanewlystrategythatwasintroducedand
disseminated during the ministerial meeting of the International Ministries of Transport in Moscow, Russia in
November2009.This10yearnationalplanhasidentifiedthecommonobjectivefirsttoreduce50%ofroad
trafficfatalitiesandthesecondcommonobjectiveistoreducethefatalitiesrates(compareto10,000vehicles)
to50%in2020.Throughthisgoal,variousactionsbeingimplementedinthisnationalplanwillcontributetosave
atleast7,300livesinthenext10years.
OnbehalfoftheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)Iamverymuchappreciatedandhighlyvalueoverthe
active and dynamic contributions and participation from all related Ministries, all levels of local authorities,
NGOsaswellastheprivatesectorswhoareourdevelopmentpartnersfortheirexcellentcollaborationswiththe
NationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)inordertofightandovercomeallthesechallengesintheroadtraffic
battlefieldtowhichitbecomesaworrisometragedyintheKingdomofCambodia.
Last but not least, I appeal to all road users to be strictly adhered and respected the road traffic laws in the
future just like one Cambodian slogan saying that Respecting the traffic laws is respecting yourself. Always
rememberthat,beforetravellingontheroad,themotorcyclistsmustalwayswearhelmetsandthecardrivers
mustweartheseatbeltsandshoulddriveinthespeedlimitedbythelaws,freefromdrunkdrivingandalways
adheretoethicsandmoralewhendrivinginordertoavoidtrafficaccidentseventually.Onlycontributionand
participationfromeverysingleroaduserthatenableCambodiatobecomearoadsafetycountry.
MinisterofMinistryofPublicWorkandTransport
andChairmanofNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
TramIvToek
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NotefromtheMinisterofHealth
Ministry of Health (MoH) has actively been contributing in preventing the injuries, the death and disabilities
throughtheprovisionofqualitymedicalemergencyservice,generalpublichealtheducationfromnationallevel
tofieldlevel.Particularlyweareintheprocessofstrengtheningabetteradditionalmedicalemergencyservice
with high quality by equipping those emergency equipments within hospitals, in the ambulances as well as
providingskilltrainingonbasiclifesavingtomedicalstaff,trafficpolicethroughoutthecountryaswellasthe
communitiesaimingtosavetheirlivesontimeattheaccidentscenebeforesendingtohospitals/healthcenters.
The Ministry of Health (MoH) is pleased to have collaboration with Ministry of Interior (MoI) and Ministry of
Public Works and Transport (MPWT) in collecting and compiling the road victim data along the public roads,
hospitalsandhealthcentersfromnationallevelstofieldlevelsinaclearerandtrustfulmannerinprioritizingthe
publichealthandorganizethestrategicplanningaswellastheeffectiveroadsafetyinterventionmeasuresin
ordertorespondtothegovernmentsstrategyontimetoreducetheprevalenceofinjuries,disabilityanddeath.
BaseonthedataofRoadCrashVictimandInformationSystem(RCVIS)aswellastheroadaccidentinCambodia
in2010itisrevealedthat,therewere18,287victimsintotalandamongthattherewere1,816fatalities(74%
malesand26%females).Therewere6,718seriouslyinjuredvictims(with37%ofheadinjuries)and9,170minor
victims.Thesewerecausedfromhumanfactor,speeddriving,drinkdriving,notrespectingtrafficlaw(rightsof
way),overtakinginthedangerousconditionornotwearinghelmetsetc.Thistrafficaccidentisstillremarkably
highandisthecauseoftheinjuries,deathanddisabilities;especiallyitseriouslyaffectsthepublichealthaswell
as a big burden for Ministry of Health (MoH) to provide emergency services, transportation and the ontime
medicaltreatment.Inordertoensurethevictimslifeandtoreducethedisabilitieswhichisthesocialburden,it
requiresthatbasiclifesavingisneededattheaccidentscenebeforesendingtohospitalorhealthcenter.
Theeducation,disseminationandpromotionoftheawarenesstothecommunitiesontheriskfactorsresulting
fromnotwearinghelmets,safetybelts,drinkdrivingandnotrespectingthetrafficlawmayleadtoheadinjuries,
disabilityanddeathsandparticularlyitclearlyrevealstheimpactsonthegeneralpublichealth.Theprotective,
preventive and the ontime responsive measures shall play a key role in contributing to reduce the injuries,
disabilitiesanddeathsfromroadaccidents.Thesearethetestimoniesdemonstratingtheattentionandcaresof
MinistryofHealth.
The Ministry of Health (MoH) is committed to continue over the management of the Road Crash Victim
InformationSystem(RCVIS)alonghospitalsandhealthcentersinabetterorganizedwayfromthenationallevels
tosubnationallevelsthroughadditionalknowledgetrainingtothehealthstaffsinordertofillintheVictimData
and Traffic Accident Form correctly as well as the data management works of the 24 Health Departments.
Particularly we need to disseminate to all related stakeholders on the results of the Road Crash and other
accident victims so that it would be much easier to use for early intervention, strategic planning and other
policiesrelatedtoroadsafety.
The Ministry of Health (MoH) would like to take this opportunity to express thanks to the cooperation of the
government,nationalandinternationalorganizationswhohavebeentryingtheireffortstocompileandpublish
thereportsoftheRoadCrashVictimInformationSystem(RCVIS)forCambodiaandthatitisahighpridewith
recognitionfrommanycountriesaroundtheworld.OnbehalfofMinistryofHealth,Iwouldliketoexpressmy
thankstotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)for theirsupports,bothfinancialandtechnicalassistancesto
roadsafetyactivitiesinthepastthatplayskeyroleinreducingtheinjuries,disabilitiesanddeathsresultedfrom
roadaccidentsandotheraccidents.
Last but not least, I wish all the road users to have safe trip, particularly for their active participation in
respectingthetrafficlaw,wearinghelmetstosafeguardtheirlives/wearingsafetybeltscorrectlyandatalltimes
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and Dont drink and drive means that it is a huge contribution to the reduction of the rate of injuries and
deathsresultedfromroadaccidentsthroughoutthecountry.
MinisterofMinistryofHealth
HEDr.MomBunheng
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NotefromWorldHealthOrganization
Everyyear,about1.3millionpeoplekilledinroadtrafficcrashesontheworld'sroads,andasmanyas50million
othersareinjuredorpermanentlydisabled.Over90%ofdeathsoccurinlowandmiddleincomecountriesand
is now incurring a major public health problem. In the Western Pacific Region, it was reported in 2009 that
around300,000peopledieeachyear.Thisamountstomorethan800peopledyingeverydayinthisregion.
InCambodia,roadtrafficdeathsandinjuriesarealarmingandrequireaseriouscoordinationandcollaboration
amongsttherelevantgovernmentagencies,developmentpartners,andcivilsocietytotacklethispublichealth
challenges.AccordingtotheRoadCrashandVictimInformationSystem(RCVIS)annualreportin2010,1,816had
died and 6,718 had serious injuries resulting from 6,941 road traffic crashes. The most vulnerable are the
motorcyclistthatconstitute72%ofthetotalroadtrafficcrashesand59%oftheseareyoungadults,between
theagedof15and29yearsold.
We appreciate for a strong political will of the government of Cambodia to address preventive measures for
roadtrafficcrashes.Cambodia'sactionplansoutlinestepstowardsimprovingthesafetyofroadsandvehicles;
enhancing emergency services; and building up road safety management. It also calls for increased legislation
andenforcementonusinghelmets,seatbeltsandchildrestraintsandavoidingdrinkinganddriving,speeding
andoverloading.Furthermore,wearepleasedtoknowthattheGovernmentofCambodiaisintheprocessof
reviewing and amending the necessary articles of the current road traffic law, to include helmet wearing for
passengers, more punitive measures on road traffic violators, and other effective measures to improve road
trafficsafetyinthecountry.
We acknowledge the hard work of ministries and institutions particularly, the Ministry of Interior (MOI), the
National Road Safety Committee (NRSC), the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), the Ministry of
Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS), the Ministry of Health (MoH), and partners like the Global Road Safety
Partnership(GRSP),HandicapInternationalBelgium(HIB),CambodianRedCross(CRC),AsianInjuryPrevention
Foundation(AIPF),andCoalitionforRoadSafety(CRY),whohavebeenworkingproactivelytoreducefatalities,
injuriesanddisabilitiescausedbyroadtrafficcrashesinCambodia.
WHO strongly recommends responsible ministries particularly the Ministry of Health (MOH), the Ministry of
Interior(MOI),theNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC),theMinistryofPublicWorksandTransport(MPWT)
to increase efforts with appropriate effective measures in maintaining most reliable Road Crash and Victim
InformationSystem(RCVIS),whichalltheseaccuratestatisticsareessentialforpolicyanddecisionmakersto
monitortrendsofroadtrafficcrashesandtoidentifykeyprioritiesforroadsafetyinterventions.
InviewofthefactthatWHOhasaroleincoordinatingglobaleffortsovertheDecadeandwillmonitorprogress
towards achieving the objectives of the Decade at the national and international levels, we will continue
extending the necessary assistance to the government counterparts and will work closely with all partners to
decrease drinkdriving and speeding; to increase the use of helmets for drivers as well as for passengers,
wearingofseatbeltsandchildrestraints;andimproveemergencycareservicesinCambodia.
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NotefromHandicapInternationalBelgium
RoadsafetyisstillagrowingissueinCambodia.In2010,therewereatotalof18,287casualtiesintheCambodianroad
network.Amongthem,1,816werefatalities(anaverageof5fatalitiesperday).Overthelast6years(20052010),the
numberoffatalitieshasdoubled.Atthesametime,thepopulationhasincreasedby8%andthenumberofregistered
motorizedvehicleshasrisenby187%.
2010alsomarkedanimportantmilestoneforRoadSafetyinCambodian.Itwasthelastyearofthe20062010national
roadsafetyactionplan.NowwebeginthepreparationstagetowardstheUnitedNationsDecadeofActiononRoad
Safety.TheRoyalGovernmentofCambodia,ledbytheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee,hasstartedtodevelopthe
20112020 National Road Safety ActionPlan. The RCVIS data collection system and subsequent RCVIS reports have
played an important role towards the development of this action plan. RCVIS has provided the government and
development stakeholders in Cambodia with comprehensive information related to road crashes and road crash
victims.RCVIShasenableddevelopmentstakeholderstohaveabetterunderstandingoftheroadsafetysituation,and
toplanappropriateresponsesforthenext10yearsactionplan.
Inaddition,asclearlystatedintheglobalplanforthedecadeofactionforroadsafety20112020,establishing
andsupportingnationaldatasystemsisoneoftherecommendedactionsfornationalroadsafetymanagement.
As part of the performance measure approach from all main development banks the establishment of
sustainablemanagementsystemsshouldbepromoted.
Therefore,itiscrucialthatRCVISremainsoneoftheprioritiesamongthegovernmentbodies,particularlythe
MinistriesofInteriorandHealthandtheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee.Itisgreattoseetheprogressofthe
RCVIS handover and the commitment of government counterparts. This handover process has included the
successful set up of data collection systems within the Ministries of Health and Interior. Most importantly,
officialmanagementoftheRCVISsystemhasbeenhandedovertotheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee.
Significant progress has also been made to increase Cambodias level of cooperation with international
stakeholdersandpartnersincluding:InternationalTrafficSafetyDataandAnalysisGroup(IRTAD)andInstitute
for Road Safety Research in Netherlands (SWOV). These partnerships will support the RCVIS system and its
managementtocontinuetogrowanddevelopinthefuture.
Despitethesesuccesses,thereareimmediatechallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Underreportinghasbeen
suspectedforthe2010data.Therefore,attentionneedstobegiventoincreasingtrainingandsupporttoRCVIS
data collectors, particularly from health facilities. To strengthen the sustainability of the system, Handicap
InternationalBelgiumwillcontinuetoprovidetechnicalsupporttoallrelevantstakeholders.Specialattention
willbegiventosupportingsystemmanagementanddataanalysistoensurethequalityoffutureRCVISreports.
Partnerships with international experts will be also strengthened to begin to build a pathway for future
partnershipsthatcanfurtherenhancethequalityoftheRCVISdataanalysisandreporting.
Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressourappreciationstothecollaborationandcommitmentofour
government counterparts, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health, National Road Safety Committee, and their
staff,whohavesignificantroleindeliveringqualityandaccuratedata.Iamalsoproudtoseethecommitment
oftheRoyalCambodianGovernmenttotakeovermanagementresponsibilityfortheRCVISsystemandtotake
ownershipofdevelopingsolutionstotheissuesthreateningthesecurityofCambodiasroadusers..
CountryDirector
JeroenSTOL
AnnualReport2010
ExecutiveSummary
TheRCVISAnnualReport2010reviewsthemainroadcrashtrendsinCambodiacomparedtopreviousyears.Basedon
thedatafromtrafficpoliceandhealthfacilities,in2010,18,287roadcrashcasualtieswerereported.Amongthem,
1,816werefatalities(anaverageof5fatalitiesperday).Overthelast6years,thenumberoffatalitieshasdoubled.At
the same time, the population has increased by 8% and the number of registered motorized vehicles has risen by
187%.
Therewere25%increasesinthefatalityrateamong100,000inhabitantssince2006(9.6to12.7).Ontheotherhand,
decreases in the fatality rate per 10,000 registered vehicles were also observed since 2006 (18.1 to 11.0). These
decreases can be attributed to the huge increase in motorization. In the comparison of fatality rates per 10,000
registeredvehicleswithLaoPDRandVietnam,Cambodiahasthehighestrate.BasedontheavailablefigureinRCVIS
(withoutunderreportingestimation),theannualeconomiccostofroadcrashesin2010wasequalto279millionUSD,
anincreaseof13%comparedtothecostin2009.
Inthis2010annualreport,underreportingwasalsoestimatedinthesectionX.DatafromRCVISwasusedinacapture
recapturemethod1toestimatetheoverallpicturesofroadtrafficcasualties.Basedoncapturerecaptureestimation,in
2010, there were estimated 114,403 road crash casualties, which was 0.8% of the Cambodian population. Among
them,2,348werefatalitiesand19,049wereseriousinjuries.Thisalsomeantthataround20%ofroadcrashfatalities
and85%ofinjurieswerenotreportedtoRCVIS.
Casualtyinformation
10%ofcasualtieswerefatalitiesand37%weresevereinjuries.Malesaccountedfor74%ofcasualties.Theaverageage
offatalitieswas32yearsold.Adultsagedbetween20and29yearsoldrepresentedthehighestnumberoffatalities
(37%).Children(agedbetween0and14yearsold)represented10%ofinjuredand8%offatalities.Theeconomically
activepartofthepopulationwasthemostaffectedbyroadcrashesandshared68%ofallfatalities(students(14%),
workers(16%)andfarmers(38%)).67%ofthefatalitiesweremotorbikeriders,followedbypedestrians(12%).The
numberoffatalitiesduringthemajornationalholidaysaccountedforaround13%ofoverallfatalities.
1%ofdischargedpatients(fromhospital/healthcenter)werereportedtohavelifelongimpairments,whichmaylead
tosocialdiscriminationanddisability.
Causesofcrashes
Generally, human errors contributed to 95% of crashes. Vehicle defects accounted for around 2.2% and road
environment accounted around 0.83%. Over speeding was the leading cause of crashes in Cambodia. It
representedmorethan50%offatalities,whileother16%werecausedbydrunkdriving.Dangerousovertaking
alsocontributedtoahighproportion(8%)offatalities.
Overspeedingsharedsimilarproportionsindayandnightcrashes(around50%).Drunkdrivingcontributedto
21%ofnightcrashesand10%ofdaycrashes
RoadandVehicleTypes
Nationalroadsaccountedforalargeproportionoftotalfatalities(73%).Morethanhalfofallfatalitiesoccurred
alongthemainNationalRoads(NR1to7).78%ofallcrashesoccurredonstraightroads,whichalsocontributed
to81%offatalities.Motorcyclesmadeupthevastmajority(66%)ofvehiclesinvolvedinroadcrashesin2010,
followedby passengervehicles (17%) andgoodsvehicles (7%). 84%ofvehiclesinvolvedincrasheswereleft
handdriveand16%wererighthanddrive (accordingtotheCambodianlandtrafficlaw,drivingofallkindsof
vehiclesintheKingdomofCambodiahastobeadheredtotherighthandside).
PhnomPenhandProvinces
1
Moredetailedexplanationonthemethodisinthesection:X.Furtherestimation
xi
AnnualReport2010
KampongChamcontributedtothehighestnumberoffatalitiesin2010(13%),followedbyKandalprovince(10%)and
PhnomPenh(10%).Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesinPhnomPenhdecreasedby25%.Thedecreasecan
beduetothestrengtheningoflawenforcement(particularlyonhelmetwearinganddrinkdrivingatnighttime)and
publicawarenesscampaigns,organizedbyallroadsafetyrelatedstakeholders.Dangkaodistrictwasthemostdeadly
followedbyRuesseiKeoandMeanCheydistrict.
EmergencyAssistance
SAMU/AmbulanceplayedabetterroletosavecasualtiesinPhnomPenhthaninprovinces.45%ofcasualtieswere
transferredtoahospitalbyanambulanceinPhnomPenh,while67%ofcasualtiesinprovincesweretransferredby
privatetransportation.Comparedto2009inPhnomPenh,thepercentageofcasualtiestakingmorethan2hoursto
reachahospital,increasedfrom19%to30%.Inprovinces,only28%ofcasualtiescanreachthefirsthealthfacilityin
lessthan30minutes,whileother41%tookmorethan2hours.
Motorbikesandhelmetwearingamongcasualties
Around70%ofthosecasualtiesweremotorbikeriders.Overthelast5years,thenumberofmotorbikefatalities
has increased by 61%. There were slight deceases in the motorbike fatality rates (compared to 10,000
motorbikesregistered).Thesedecreasescanbeattributedtothehugeincreaseinmotorization.Overspeeding
was the leading cause of motorbike casualties and fatalities, followed by drunk driving and dangerous
overtaking. 56% of motorbike fatalities were between 1529 years old. Higher percentages of motorbike
fatalities were observed during weekends. Phnom Penh, Kampong Cham and Kandal shared around 45% of
motorbikefatalities.Almosthalfofmotorbikefatalitiesoccurredbetween4pmto10pm.
73%ofmotorbikefatalitiessufferedheadinjuriesin2010(comparedto76%in2009).Amongthem,only21%
woreahelmetduringroadcrashes.ThehelmetwearingrateamongmotorbikecasualtiesinPhnomPenhwas
higher than in other provinces (41%, 19%). The wearing rate was higher among driver casualties (26%) than
amongpassengercasualties(8%).Thiscanbeduetothefactthathelmetsarecompulsoryonlyformotorbike
driversandthattherehasbeenenhancedenforcementbytrafficpolice,especiallyinPhnomPenh,sinceJanuary
2009.
Overspeeding
Over speeding was the main cause of crashes and casualties in Cambodia. It represented more than 50% of
fatalities.Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedby10%.Thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedfrom
year to year. The peak of fatalities caused by over speeding was noticed from 7 pm to 8 pm. Motorbikes
contributed to the biggest proportion of fatalities in over speeding crashes. The highest percentages were
observed among 1529 year old fatalities. Children less than 15 years old suffered the most as pedestrians in
overspeedingcrashes.Alargeproportionofbicyclistfatalitieswasnoticedamongyoungteenagers(1014years
old). 73% of fatalities due to over speeding happened on main national roads. The highest percentage of
fatalitiesduetooverspeedingcrasheswasobservedinKandal(11%),followedbyKampongchamProvince(10%)
andSiemReapprovince(10%).
DrunkDriving
DrunkdrivingisthesecondmajorcauseofroadcrashesandcasualtiesinCambodia.In2010,16%offatalities
wereduetodrunkdriving.Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedby2%.84%offatalitieswere
motorbike riders. 54% of fatalities were killed between 5pm and 10pm in 2010. The highest percentages of
fatalities due to drunk driving were noticed on Saturday nights. Around 60% of fatal and injured people were
between15and29yearsold.Amongdriverfatalities,whoweresuspectedofalcoholabuseduringcrashes,71%
aged between 15 and 34 years old and 89% were motorbike drivers. 69% of fatalities due to drunk driving
happenedonmainnationalroads.KampongChamcontributedtothehighestnumbersoffatalitiesduetodrunk
drivingcrashes
xii
AnnualReport2010
Pedestrians
In 2010, pedestrian presented 8% of total casualties and 12% of total fatalities. Among total pedestrian
casualties,15%werefatalitiesand36%wereseverelyinjured.Thenumberofpedestrianfatalitieshasincreased
since2006.25%ofpedestrianwerekilledonSaturday.42%ofpedestrianswerekilledbetween5pmand9pm.
Peaks of fatalities were noticed among 59 year old children and people older than 55 years (17% and 22%).
Morethan70%ofpedestrianswerekilledalongnationalroads,andanother13%alonglocalroads.Additionally,
42% of them were killed in hit and run crashes. 20% of pedestrian fatalities were students and 73% of those
studentswereagedbetween5and9yearsold.Almost40%ofpedestrianfatalitieswerefemale(comparedto
only19%amongfatalitiesinalltransportmodes).Overspeedingwastheleadingcauseofpedestrianfatalities
and injuries (70%, 65%), followed by drunk driving. Kampong Cham and Kandal contributed to the highest
proportionsamongotherprovinces.
Blackspots
UtilizingaGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)database,thereporthighlightsthemostdangerouslocationsforroad
users and pedestrians. Significantly, the report disaggregates data related to pedestrian/motorbike/vehicle
crashes,agegroups,andcrashesrelatedtooverspeeding,drunkdriving,orotherbehaviourrelatedriskfactors.
Thelocationsidentifiedinthereportasbeingathighriskforroadusersandpedestriansareprimarilylocated
alongthenationalCambodianhighwaysinPhnomPenh,KampongCham,andKandalProvinces.
Recommendations
Based on the statistics presented in this report and a situational analysis of road safety in the country, key
recommendationsarepresentedinthissection.Theobjectiveoftheserecommendationsistocontributetothe
prioritizationofthe20112020NationalRoadSafetyActionPlanimplementation,withparticularfocusonthe
helmet wearing, drunk driving and over speeding intervention. These recommendations below are structured
basedontheframeworkofthe10yearactionplan,whichconsistsof7pillars.
RoadSafetyManagement
1.CapacitybuildingoftheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
TheNationalRoadSafetyCommittee(NRSC)isthebodytaskedwithoverallmanagementandcoordinationof
roadsafetyinCambodia.AlthoughanimprovementofthecapacityintheGeneralSecretariatoftheNational
Road Safety Committee (GSNRSC) has been observed in recent years, the GSNRSC still requires continuous
information and institutional strengthening to make a significant impact on reducing crashes, fatalities,
disabilitiesandinjuriesontheroadsofCambodia.
2.RoadSafetyResearch
Roadsafetyresearchiscriticaltoimprovetheknowledgeandunderstandingaboutcontributingfactorstoroad
crashes. A body of research should be compiled for the purpose of providing a qualitative understanding of
behaviors leading to road crashes. Based on a comprehensive, researchbased knowledge foundation,
evidencedbasedstrategiesandpoliciescanbedeveloped,andfundsforRoadSafetyinterventionscanbemore
easily obtained. Dangerous behaviors (such as drunk driving, speeding and without helmet wearing) and
vulnerable road users (pedestrians, motorcyclists, and children) should be targeted for further researches, in
addition to the existing data from RCVIS. Additionally, focus should also be placed on developing local
researchers with capabilities to conduct ongoing road safetyrelated researches, building upon linkage
developedwithinternationalroadsafetyresearchdepartments.HIBisoneoftheleadingagenciesthatplanto
extend its intervention in the road safety research field and strengthen its collaboration with international
recognizedresearchinstituteswithparticularfocusonlocalteamcapacitybuilding,
xiii
AnnualReport2010
3.Monitoring/Evaluation
Afterthedevelopmentofthe20112010NationalRoadSafetyActionPlananditsimplementationin2011,itis
crucial that the government starts to have a monitoring plan for their action plan implementation. This can
shape the implementation into more prioritized areas and focus on the results/impacts of the whole
intervention,especiallyonthesafetyperformanceindicators(helmetwearing,speedinganddrunkdriving).The
monitoringandevaluationtoolsshouldbeclearlydevelopedandrolledout.Primarydatawillbenecessaryin
additiontothesecondarydatafromRCVIS.
4.StrengtheningRCVISdatacollectionsystem
To ensure the accuracy of the RCVIS, its data collection system should be strengthening inside its existing
government networks (MoI and MoH). Particular focus should be on the data collections in health facilities,
wheresignificantunderreportinghasbeenobservedsince2009.
RoadInfrastructure
5.Improvementofblackspotareas,pedestrianinfrastructureandsettingupslowspeedzones
Further investigations should be organized at high risk locations, which have been identified in the
blackspotsection.
Createseparatemotorcyclelanesalongnationalroadsandmainurbanroads
Slowspeedareasshouldbesetup,especiallyaroundschoolstomakesurespeedarereduced (for
exampleto30km/h).Highrisklocationsforstudentswereclearlyidentifiedintheblackspotsection.
Pedestrian Infrastructure /facilities such as crosswalks, pedestrian bridges, sidewalks, should be
improvedinthespecifiedareas,whichwereidentifiedinthepedestriansection
RoadUserBehaviorsmainRiskFactors
6.Overspeeding
Over speeding crashes contributed to more than 51% of road crash fatalities in Cambodia in 2010. Driving in
excessofthelegalspeedlimitandinappropriatespeedfortheconditionsontheroadsisthehighestriskfactor
identifiedbytheRCVISdatabase.Afewrecommendationsshouldbetaken:
Further development of the over speeding action plan, based on the frame work in the 20112020
NationalRoadSafetyActionPlantoensureeffectivenessoftheinterventionandcooperationamong
stakeholders.
Publicawarenessshouldbeenhancedwithintegratingenforcementmessages
o The month of April should be specifically targeted as the rate of road crashes increases
significantlyduringtheKhmerholidayseason.
o Youngroadusers,ages1529yearsold,shouldbespecificallytargeted.
o Villages along the Cambodian national highways in Kandal, Kampong Cham, Phnom Penh,
BattambangandSiemReapprovincesshouldbespecificallytargeted.
7.DrunkDriving
Drunk driving is the second leading risk behavior for road crash fatalities (16%). Important actions are
recommendedbelow:
Further development of the drunk driving action plan, based on the framework in the 20112020
NationalRoadSafetyActionPlantoensureeffectivenessoftheinterventionandcooperationamong
stakeholders.
Public awareness should be enhanced to integrate enforcement messages targeting young people
agedbetween15and29yearsold.KampongChamshouldbeprioritized
xiv
AnnualReport2010
8.HelmetWearing
Majority (73%) of motorbike fatalities get head injuries. It is crucial that helmet wearing should be promoted
andenforcedamongmotorbikeriders.
Nationalhelmetwearingactionplanshouldbeupdatedandimplementedfor2011onwards.
Legislationshouldbeupdated:
o Revise the traffic law to include mandatory helmet wearing for passengers, particularly
amongchildren.
o Increasetheexistingfinefornotwearinghelmets.
Raisepublicawarenessandeducation:
o Organizepubliccampaignsoncorrecthelmetwearingandproperhelmetstandards.
o Increasehelmetaccess(forexample,helmetsubsidyorhelmetloansatschools)
9.Motorbikeriders
MotorbikeridersarethemostvulnerableroadusersinCambodia.Theyrepresent67%oftotalfatalities.73%of
motorbikecrashesresultindriverssufferingheardinjuries.Importantactionsarerecommendedbelow:
Develop and implement enhanced law enforcement measures and public awareness campaigns
during national holidays, particularly during the Khmer New Year. At least 3 provinces should be
prioritized:PhnomPenh,KampongChamandKandal.
Target the highest risk areas (as shown in the motorbike section) among motorbike riders, for
enhancedlawenforcementandbetteremergencyassistances,particularlyonOverspeeding,Drunk
drivinganddangerousovertaking,especiallyonSaturdaynights
10.Pedestrians
PedestriansarethesecondmostvulnerableroadusergroupontheCambodianroadnetwork.Themostatrisk
pedestriangroupsarechildrenagedbetween0and9yearsold(24%oftotalpedestrianfatalities)andelderly
persons,aged55yearsandabove(22%ofpedestrianfatalities).Keyrecommendationsarelistedbelow:
Awareness and education concerning safe road behaviors for pedestrians should be developed to
target identified high risk age groups (particularly children and elderly). Specific focus should be
giventosafecrossingbehaviorandvisibilityatnight.
Advanced research studies on pedestrian behavior should be conducted to identify and pilot
appropriateinterventionstrategiesforreducingpedestrianinjuriesandfatalities.
SafeSchoolZonesshouldbedevelopedtopromotethesafetyofstudentswhenenteringandexiting
schools. Safe school zone measures should include increased enforcement of appropriate lower
speed limits and ensuring school crosswalks are respected and clearlymarked. Additionally, the
conceptofthesafeschoolzonesshouldbeintegratedintotheschoolcurriculum.
LawEnforcement
11.Supporttotrafficpolice
Thenationallawenforcementsystemmustalsobesupportedtoensurethefullandproperimplementationof
NRSCpolicyandactionplan.TheRoyalgovernmentofCambodia,alongwithallunilateralandbilateraldonors,
mustprioritizetheprovisionoftechnicalandfinancialsupportfortrafficpolice.Specializedequipmentand
trainings(particularlyondrunkdrivingandspeeding)arerequiredtostrengthenthecapacityofCambodias
policeofficersandenabletheirabilitytoenforceallaspectsoftheCambodiantrafficlaw.
xv
AnnualReport2010
12.Enhancedenforcementoperations
Speedcheckpointsatthehighrisklocations(asmentionedin overspeedingsection)shouldbeset
up,particularlyfrom6pmto8pmduringtheweekends
Checkpointsshouldbesetuptoenforcedrinkinganddrivinglawsathighrisklocations(asshownin
drunkdrivingsection).Checkpointsshouldbeorganizedfrom6pmto10pm,especiallyonSaturday
andSunday.
Setupcheckpointstoenforcethehelmetwearinglaw.Checkpointsshouldbeorganizedfrom6pm
to8pmandespeciallyduringtheweekendamongyoungmotorbikeriders(16to25yearsold)
Drivinglicense
13.DriverTrainingandLicensing
Driving schools are the training grounds for future drivers of Cambodia. Therefore, it is essential that safe
drivingbehaviorisinstilledinthenewgenerationofCambodianroadusers.RCVISrecommendsthatarigorous
evaluation of the driving schools and driving license system be carried out. The objective of the evaluation
should include an assessment of teaching curriculums, teaching practices, and license testing procedures.
Furthermore,thedrivertrainingcurriculumshouldstressthekeybehavioralriskfactorsleadingtoroadcrashes
inCambodiaandthebehaviorsnecessarytoreducecrashrisks.Motorbikedriversshouldbebettertargetedfor
thetrainingsandtesting,beforeissuingthemotorbikedrivinglicenses.
PostCrashcare
14.EmergencyAssistance
The report also recommends for more attention from the Royal Government of Cambodia, donors and road
safety stakeholders for a better development of an Emergency Medical Services strategy and action plan
coupledwithafundraisingstrategy,tobeginaddressingthiscriticalgapintheroadsafetysector.Actionsshould
befocusedon:
First Aid and On Site Management: Development of local capacity of first aid among first responders
(police,firemen)andcommunityvolunteersatblackspotlocationsasidentifiedinthisreport,
AspectsofTransportation:Developmentoffleetofambulances,equipment,trainedstaff;Identification
of other appropriate means of transports such as taxi; and appropriate emergency routes particularly
alongthenationalroads
CapacityofHospitals:Developmentofhospitalstaffqualificationintheemergencymedicalsystemand
improvementofemergencyequipment;
MechanismstoManagetheSystem:Improvementofdispatchcenters,protocolandstandards,trained
personnelandequipments;creatingcoordinatingbody;developingpolicy,legislation,regulations.
xvi
AnnualReport2010
I.Introduction
Roadsafetyfundingandactions,decisionmaking,policyandstrategyareeffectivelysetandimplementedbased
onevidencegatheredthroughaccurateandcomprehensivedatacollectionsystems.HIB,therefore,hasfocused
resources since 2004 to initiate the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS), in close collaboration
with the Ministry of Health (MoH), Interior (MoI), and Public Works and Transport (MPWT). RCVIS has been
recognizedbynationalandinternationalstakeholdersastheonlyofficialsourceofroadcrashandcasualtydata
forCambodia.
The objective of the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS) is to provide government and
development stakeholders in Cambodia with accurate, continuous and comprehensive information on road
crashesandvictimsforthepurposesofincreasingunderstandingofthecurrentroadsafetysituation,planning
appropriate responses and policy, and evaluating impact of current and future initiatives. The RCVIS has
expandedtocover193districts/citiesinall24provincesbycollecting,centralizing,analysinganddisseminating
information provided by two main sources: health facilities (public hospitals and private clinics) and traffic
police.
Figure1:RCVISdatacollectionflowin2010
Future Structure of the Systems

Victims
Public Health Facilities
Private clinics
Traffic Police
Ministry of Interior
Traffic Police Data only
Ministry of Health
Injury Surveillance System
National Road Safety Committee

RCVIS
All Kinds of injuries

Road crash injury only
Sincethebeginningof2009,RCVIShasbeenprogressivelyhandedovertothegovernmentcounterparts.Asa
result, in 2010, the system was installed in MoI for traffic police data and in MoH for the injury surveillance
system(ISS)data.Inaddition,anewversionofdatalinkagesystem(toautomaticallycombinedatafromtraffic
police and health facilities) has been developed and piloted with support from SWOV, a road safety research
institutebasedinNetherlands.ThisnewlinkagesystemwillbeinstalledatNRSCinmid2011.Tostrengthenthe
sustainabilityofthesystem,HIBwillcontinuetoprovidetechnicalsupporttotheministries,especiallyonthe
systemmanagementandadvanceddataanalysistoensurethequalityofthereports.Todothis,partnerships
withinternationalexpertssuchasJohnsHopkinsUniversityandtheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControl
andPreventionwillbealsostrengthened.
This annual report analyses the information collected by RCVIS for the year 2010. It is a synthesis of all the
monthly reports that were published throughout 2010. The previous annual reports (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,
1
AnnualReport2010
2008and2009),aswellasallmonthlyreportsandotherinformationrelatedtoroadsafety,canbefoundonthe
followingwebsite:www.roadsafetycambodia.info.
II.DataSource
RCVIShascombinedtwomaindatasources(trafficpoliceandhealthfacilities).Toavoiddoubleentriesbetweenhealth
facilitiesandtrafficpolicedata,whenacasualtyisreportedbyahealthfacilityaswellasbythetrafficpolice,itistaken
into account only once (shared around 4% among fatalities and 5% among injured people). In 2010, traffic police
played a very important role in collecting data on fatalities (almost 98% of fatalities throughout Cambodia were
reported by traffic police). Although health facilities reported only around 6% of fatalities, they played a more
importantroleincollectingtrafficinjurydata.Almost40%ofthoseinjurieswerereportedbyhospitalorhealthcenter
staff.
Figure2:PercentageofinjuriesandfatalitiesreportedtoRCVISbytrafficpoliceandhealthfacilities2010
The coverage areas reported by traffic police are the same as lastyear (whole country). Although all district police
sectorsprovidedthedataregularlytotheMinistryofInterior,itcanbeobservedthattheirattentionondatacollection
forsevereandslightcasualtieswasmuchlessthanforfataldata.
Inaddition,basedonthenumberofdatasources,only43ofhospitals(65%ofallhospitals)and37healthcenters2(5%
ofallhealthcenters)participatedintothesystemin2010.Additionally,inaverage,eachhospitalprovideddatafor
around 8 months among the 12 months in 2010, while each health center provided only 3 months. 10 hospitals
providedthemostfrequentdatatoRCVIS.Thereasonsofthesefewmonthdataavailablecanbeduetothefactthat
therewasnoinjuryinthathospital/healthcenterinthosemonthsorinjuries/fatalitieswerenotproperlyrecordedand
senttotheMinistryofHealth.HealthfacilitiesinPreyVeng,MondolKiri,KohKongandStungTrengprovincedidnot
reporttoRCVISforthewholeyear.Therefore,underreportinghasbeensuspectedforthe2010data.
Itisalsonotedthatmanyhealthcentersarelocatedinremoteareas,whilemostofroadcrasheshappenalongnationalroadsandurbanareas.So,those
healthcentershavenottreatedanyroadcrashcasualtiesandtheydonthaveanyrecords.
AnnualReport2010
Figure3:Numberofhealthcenters,hospitalsanddistricttrafficpolicereportedtoRCVISbyprovinces3
2007
Provinces
2008
2009
2010
District
District Health
District Health
District Health
Health
Hospitals
Hospitals
Hospitals
Hospitals
Polices
Polices Centers
Polices Centers
Polices Centers
Centers
Banteay Meanchey
Battambang
11
12
13
13
Kampong Cham
10
16
10
16
10
16
18
Kompong Chhnang
Kampong Speu
Kampong Thom
Kampot
Kandal
10
10
11
Kep
Koh Kong
Kratie
Mondol Kiri
Addar Meanchey
Pailin
Phnom Penh
10
Preah Vihear
Prey Vaeng
12
12
12
14
Pursat
Ratanak Kiri
Siem Reap
11
12
10
13
Preah Sihanouk
Stueng Traeng
Svay Rieng
Takeo
10
10
10
11
Total
45
62
176
30
42
179
31
49
182
37
43
210
III.Mainevolutionofdata
Overthelast6years,thenumberoffatalitieshasdoubled.Atthesametime,thepopulation4hasincreasedby8%and
thenumberofregisteredmotorizedvehicleshasrisenby187%5.
Figure4:Evolutionofroadfatalities,populationandvehiclesinCambodia6,20052010(base100=2005)
2005
2006
Population
2007
2008
Registered Vehicles
2009
2010
Fatalities
Somehospitalsandhealthcentresdidnotreportforawholeyear.Provincialtrafficpoliceofficealsoincludedinnumberofdistrict.
Numberofpopulationin2010baseonGeneralPopulationCensusofCambodia2008
5
Sources:MinistryofPublicWorkandTransport,2010
6
Sources:Numbersoffatalitiesfrom1998to2005werebasedontrafficpoliceonlyandfrom2006to2010werebasedonRCVIS
4
AnnualReport2010
Therewereslightincreasesinthefatalityrateamong100,000inhabitantssince2006(9.6to12.7).Ontheother
hand,decreasesinthefatalityrateper10,000registeredvehicleswerealsoobservedsince2006(18.1to11.0).
Thesedecreasescanbeattributedtothehugeincreaseinmotorisation.
Figure5:FatalityratesinCambodia199820107
25.0
21.5
20.0
18.4
18.1
17.8
15.7
15.0
12.0
11.3
11.8
12.212.3
12.7
9.6
10.0
8.0
6.4
5.0
15.1
13.0
11.0
6.8
4.2
3.7
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Number of f atalities per 100,000 inhabitants
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Number of f atalities per 10,000 registered vehicles
The fatality rate among twowheelers decreased since 2007 (14.5 to 8.8), while the fatality rate among four
wheelersincreasedcomparedto2009(6.8to8.7).
Figure6:Fatalityratesper10,000registeredtwowheelerandfourwheeler8,20072010
16.0
14.0
12.0
14.5
12.9
11.7
10.7
10.0
8.8
8.7
8.2
8.0
6.8
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
Two-wheeler
2007
Four-wheeler
2008
2009
2010
MorethanhalfofthefatalitiesoccurredalongthemainNationalRoads(NR)inCambodia.NR5contributedtothe
highest number of fatalities, followed by NR 6 and NR 7. Decreases were observed along NR 5 and NR 6A, while
increaseswerenoticedalongNR3,NR4andNR7.
NationalRoadSafetyActionPlan20062010,2006.PhnomPenh,RoyalGovernmentofCambodiaNationalRoadSafetyCommittee.
"Statisticsofvehicleregisteredin2009."(2010):DepartmentofPublicWorkandLandTransport(Jan,2010).
AnnualReport2010
Figure7:Thenumbersoffatalitiesonmainnationalroadnetwork,2009 2010
300
239
250
191
200
150
180 181
146
110
100
97
95
51 47
50
161
114
63
42
33
31
0
NR1
NR2
NR3
NR4
NR5
2009
NR6A
NR6
NR7
2010
Comparing fatalities per kilometre9, National Road 5 was the most deadly in 2010. This was followed by
NationalRoad6andNationalRoad7.ThedecreaseswerenoticedonNationalRoad6A(26%)andnationalroad
5(20%),whileanincreasewasnoticedonNationalroad3(91%),comparedto2009.
ThedecreasewasnoticedonNationalRoad6A(26%)andNationalroad5(20%),whileanincreasewasnoticed
onNationalroad3(91%),comparedto2009.
In 2010, the number of fatalities during the major national holidays accounted for around 13% of overall
fatalities.Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesduringKhmerNewYeardecreasedby11%.However,on
Pchum Ben, Chinese New Year and Water Festival, the numbers of fatalities increased by 18%, 28% and 81%
respectively,asshowninfigure8below:
Figure8:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymainholidays,20092010
100
89
79
80
59
60
40
51
50
47
40
26
20
0
Chinese New Year Khmer New Year
2009
Pchum Ben
Water Festival
2010
In 2010, the peak of fatalities was recorded in April. A significant increases between 2009 and 2010 were
observedinOctober(44%),November(49%)andDecember(35%).
RoadInfrastructureDepartment,MinistryofPublicWorkandTransport.
AnnualReport2010
Figure9Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymonths,20092010
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
2009
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2010
IV.GeneralFigures
IV.1RegionalandNationalComparisons
Inthecomparisonoffatalityratesper10,000registeredvehicleswithLaoPDRandVietnam,Cambodiahasthehighest
rate.Thefatalityrateper100,000inhabitantsisabitlowerthanVietnam10andLAOPDR.
Figure10:FatalityratescomparisonsbetweenselectedcountriesinAsia2010
14.0
12.9
12.8
12.7
12.0
11.0
10.0
8.0
7.9
6.0
3.3
4.0
2.0
0.0
Lao PDR
Number of f atalities per 100,000 inhabitants
Vietnam
Cambodia
Number of f atalities per 10,000 registered vehicles
Kampong Cham contributed to the highest number of fatalities in 2010, followed by Kandalprovince andPhnom
Penh.Conversely,thelowestnumbersoffatalitieswerenoticedinKepandPailinprovinces.
In Banteay Meanchey, Svay Rieng and Phnom Penh, the numbers of fatalities decreased by 40%, 37% and 25%
respectivelycomparedto2009.However,increaseswereobservedinMondolkiri,PailinandKampotprovince(420%,
150%and90%).Theseincreasesmightbeduetonewroadrehabilitationinthoseprovinces,suchasnationalroad78
(MondolKiri),57(Pailin)and3(Kampot)whichallowspeedincreased.
10
JonathonPassmore,RoadSafety&InjuryPrevention/TeamLeaderNCD/HP,WHOVietnam
AnnualReport2010
Figure11:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbyprovinces2010
238
250
196
200
189
150
132
89
100
104
101
67
42
50
87
81
81
62
61
57
38
27
26
25
28
44
25
3
10
Phnom Penh shared 10% of the total fatalities. Compared to 2009, the number of fatalities decreased by 25%.
DangkaodistrictwasthemostdeadlyfollowedbyRuesseiKeoandMeanCheydistrict. Thenumberoffatalities
decreasedinalmosteverydistrictcomparedto2009,exceptSenSokdistrict.
Figure12:ThenumbersoffatalitiesbydistrictsinPhnomPenh,20092010
120
97
100
80
56
60
40
31
39
28
20
20
19
22
13
48
32
31
0
Chamkar
Mon
Doun Penh
7 Makara
Toul Kork
2009
Mean Chey
Dangkao
Ruessei
Keo
2010
IV.2VictimInformation
This section highlights traffic casualties which are broken down by the severity of injuries resulting from road
crashes. In 2010, 18,287 casualties were reported. Among them, 1,816 were fatalities and 6,718 were severe
injuries.Compareto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedby6%.
Figure13:Breakdownofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuries,20062010
Year
Fatalities
Severe injuries
Slight Injuries
Unknown
Total
2006
1,292
6,033
17,836
985
26,146
2007
1,545
7,150
17,655
1,053
27,403
2008
1,638
7,226
15,985
947
25,796
2009
1,717
7,022
12,117
663
21,519
2010
1,816
6,718
9,170
583
18,287
AnnualReport2010
IV.2.1Age
Ingeneral,fatalitiesin2010hadasimilarpatternintermsofagecategoriesasin2009.Theaverageageoffatalities
was32yearsold.Thepeakoffatalitieswasbetween20and24yearsold.Comparedto2009,thisagegroupincreased
by7%.
Children(agedbetween0and14yearsold)represented10%ofinjuredand8%offatalities.Conversely,adultaged
more than 54 years old represented 7% of injured and 11% of fatalities, meaning that an elderly person has more
chanceofbeingkilledthanachild.
Figure14:Breakdownoffatalitiesbyagecategories,20092010
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0-4
5-9
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
2009
2010
Comparedto2009,thenumberofchildfatalities(014yearsold)increasedby6%.45%ofthosechildfatalitieswere
pedestrians. This percentage was very high compared to overall age groups (only 12% of all fatalities were
pedestrians).68%ofchildfatalitieswerekilledonnationalroads.
Figure15:Percentageinjuriesandfatalitiesagedbetween014bymodesoftransport2010
100%
80%
10%
15%
60%
35%
22%
9%
Bicycle
44%
40%
20%
Other
40%
25%
Pedestrian
Motorbike
0%
Injured
Fatalities
Amongdriverfatalities,highproportionsofdriversofmotorbikes(46%),passengervehicles(38%),goodvehicles(33%)
andagriculturevehicles(46%)werebetween20to29yearold.Around30%ofbicycledriversaged519yearsoldand
other32%wereolderthan54years.
AnnualReport2010
Figure16:Agecategoriesofdriverfatalitiesbymodeoftransport2010
Other
Agriculture vehicle
15%
8% 8%
33%
7%
15%
8%
13%
15%
23%
13%
13%
13%
5-9
8%
10-14
15-19
7%
20-24
Goods vehicle
Passenger vehicle
6% 6%
8%
Bicycle
Motorbike
11%
22%
24%
14%
11%
0%
12%
16%
20%
40%
11%
17%
25-29
30-34
10% 10% 6%
35-39
40-44
32%
7%
11% 7%
20%
26%
12%
17%
11%
6%
15%
11%
60%
80%
45-49
7%
50-54
>=55
100%
IV.2.2Gender
In2010,malesaccountedfor81%offatalities.Malesweremuchmorelikelythanfemalestobekilledbyroad
crashesin2010.Itisnoticedthatthenumberoffemalefatalitiesagedabove54yearsoldwashigherthanother
agegroups,while2024yearoldmalefatalitygroupwasthehighest.
Figure17:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbygenderdifferentagecategories2010
350
304
300
231
250
200
159
150
115
115
100
50
18 18
38
23 27
47
9
101
95
85
52
26
24
19
29
23
45
111
63
25
30
0-4
5-9
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Male
Avg
Female
67%ofmalefatalitiesweredrivers,whilearoundhalfoffemalefatalitieswerepassengersandother25%were
pedestrians.
AnnualReport2010
Figure18:Percentageoffatalitiesbygenderandroadusers2010
100%
24%
80%
51%
Passenger
60%
Driver
67%
40%
25%
20%
24%
9%
0%
Pedestrain
Male
Female
IV.2.3Occupation
Theeconomicallyactivepartofthepopulation(students,workersandfarmers)wasthemostaffectedbyroadcrashes.
Theyshared68%ofallfatalities.Thepercentageoffatalitiesbyoccupationfollowedthesamepatternascasualties:
farmers represented the highest percentage, constituting the largest group of fatalities (38%) and injuries (38%),
followedbyworkersandstudents.Thenumbersoffarmerfatalitieshavecontinuedtoincreasefromyeartoyear(16%
between2008and2009;and17%between2009and2010).
Figure19:Percentageofinjuriesandfatalitiesbyoccupations112010
12%
Other
17%
4%
3%
3%
3%
6%
5%
5%
4%
Child
Motor taxi driver
Vendor/Small business
House keeping/Servant
Student
22%
14%
18%
19%
Worker
30%
Farmer
0%
5%
10%
Injured
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
35%
40%
Fatalities
Whensortedbyoccupation,studentswerethethirdhighestriskgroup.8%ofstudentcasualtieswerefatalitiesand
38%weresevereinjuries.
Comparedto2009,thenumberofstudentfatalitiesincreasedby9%.Overspeedingcrashesweretheleadingcauseof
studentfatalities,representingmorethan51%ofstudentfatalities,whileanother22%werecausedbydrunkdriving
anddangerousovertaking.Amongstudentfatalities:
77%agedbetween6and19yearsold
Only17%woreahelmetduringacrash
11
Child aged between 0 and 5 years old.
10
AnnualReport2010
81%weresufferedfromheadinjury
64%weremotorbikeriders,followedbypedestrian(17%)andpassengervehicles(8%).
Majorities of motorcyclists and bicyclists were drivers (71% and 94% respectively). Passengers
werethemajoritiesamongothertransporttypes,particularly100%amongagriculturevehicles
Figure20:Percentageofstudentfatalitiesbymodesoftransportandroadusers2010
Other
25%
75%
Agriculture vehicle
100%
Goods vehicle
20%
Passenger vehicle
80%
11%
89%
Bicycle
94%
Motorbike
6%
71%
0%
20%
40%
Driver
Passenger
29%
60%
80%
100%
IV.2.4Typeofroaduser
Around67%ofthefatalitiesweremotorbikeriders.Comparedto2009,thenumbersofmotorbikefatalitiesdecreased
byonly1%,whileincreaseswereobservedamongothertransporttypes,suchaspassengervehicleandagriculture
vehiclefatalities.
Figure21:Thenumbersoffatalitiesbymodesoftransport,20092010
12
25
33
49
75
76
99
Other
Agriculture vehicle
Goods vehicle
Passenger vehicle
168
65
72
Bicycle
215
217
Pedestrian
1218
1209
Motorbike
0
200
400
2009
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2010
11
AnnualReport2010
Motorbikeridersrepresentedthelargestgroupforallseverities(72%ofsevereinjuriesand67%offatalities).
Figure22:Percentageofcasualtiesbymodesoftransportandinjuryseverities2010
100%
Motorbike
80%
60%
Pedestrain
67%
72%
72%
73%
Passenger vehicle
40%
20%
Bicycle
Goods vehicle
12%
9%
7%
8%
9%
7%
7%
8%
Severe
Slight
0%
Fatality
Agriculture vehicle
Other
All
Majorityoffatalitiesweremaleforalltransportmodes.Higherpercentagesoffemalefatalitieswerenoticed
amongbicyclists(35%)andpedestrians(39%).
Figure23:Percentageoffatalitiesbymodesoftransportandgender2010
Other
15%
85%
Pedestrain
39%
61%
Agriculture vehicle
82%
18%
Goods vehicle
81%
19%
Passenger vehicle
26%
74%
Bicycle
35%
65%
Motorbike
14%
86%
0%
20%
40%
Male
60%
80%
100%
Female
IV.2.5Transfertohospital
SAMU/AmbulanceplayedabetterroletosavecasualtiesinPhnomPenhthaninprovinces.45%ofcasualtieswere
transferredtoahospitalbyanambulanceinPhnomPenh,while67%ofcasualtiesinprovincesweretransferredby
privatetransportation.
Compared to 2009 in Phnom Penh, the percentage of casualties taking more than 2 hours to reach a hospital,
increasedfrom19%to30%.
Inprovinces,only28%ofcasualtiescanreachthefirsthealthfacilityinlessthan30minutes,whileother41%tookmore
than2hours.
12
AnnualReport2010
Figure24:DurationtoarriveatthefirsthealthfacilityinPhnomPenhversusprovinces2010
100%
6%
80%
31%
7%
60%
20%
40%
20%
21%
<10 miniutes
14%
10-30 minutes
17%
30 minutes-1 hour
13%
1 hour- 2 hours
41%
30%
> 2 hours
0%
Phnom Penh
Province
Inaddition,thetimeoftransferringtoahospitalismorecrucialamongseriousinjuries.47%ofseverecasualties
inthecountryweretransferredtoahospitalinlongerthan2hours(comparedto43%in2009).Almosthalfof
thoseseriousinjuriesweretransportedbySAMU/Ambulance.
IV.2.6Severityofinjuries
10%ofcasualtieswerefatalitiesand37%weresevereinjuries.65%ofthosefatalitiesdiedimmediatelyatthe
scene,andother29%diedatahospital.
Figure25:Percentageofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuries2010
Superf icial
50%
Unknown
3%
Fatalities
10%
Severe
37%
Died on crash site

65%
Died during
transf erring
6%
Died at hospital
29%
Thehighestnumberoffatalities,severeinjuriesandsuperficialinjuriesoccurredduringtheeveningtime.Apeak
wasobservedbetween6pmto8pm(thesamepatterncomparedto2009)
13
AnnualReport2010
Figure26:Percentageofcasualtiesbyseverityofinjuriesandtimecategories2010
Slight Injured
Severe injured
23:00 - 23:59
22:00 - 22:59
21:00 - 21:59
20:00 - 20:59
19:00 - 19:59
18:00 - 18:59
17:00 - 17:59
16:00 - 16:59
15:00 - 15:59
14:00 - 14:59
13:00 - 13:59
12:00 - 12:59
11:00 - 11:59
10:00 - 10:59
09:00 - 09:59
08:00 - 08:59
07:00 - 07:59
06:00 - 06:59
05:00 - 05:59
04:00 - 04:59
03:00 - 03:59
02:00 - 02:59
01:00 - 01:59
00:00 - 00:59
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Fatalities
IV.2.7Natureofinjuries
Intotal,41%ofcasualtiessufferedfromheadinjuries.Upper/lowerwound/cutsrepresented34%ofcasualties
andupper/lowerfractureaccountedfor26%.Itisinterestingtonotethatthetotalpercentageofheadinjuries
amongcasualtiesincreasedfrom39%in2009to41%in2010.
Figure27:Percentageofcasualtiesbycategoryofnatureofinjuries122010
Other injury
Bruise Pelvis
Bruise UE/LE
Cute/Open/Would Pelvis
Cuts/Open/Would UE/LE
Concussion/Neck
Burn Face
Burn UE/LE
Sprain_Dislocation Pelvis
Sprain/Dislocation UE/LE
Fracture Pelvis
Fracture UE/LE
11%
1%
10%
2%
34%
41%
5%
7%
0%
2%
1%
26%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1%ofdischargedpatients(fromhospital/healthcenter)werereportedtohavelifelongimpairments,whichmay
leadtosocialdiscriminationanddisability.71%ofthemweremotorbikeridersand14%ofthemwere
pedestrian.65%ofthemhaveamovingdisability
12
Percentages may add up to more than 100% as a casualty may have injuries to more than one body region.
14
AnnualReport2010
Figure28:Percentageofcasualtiesbytypeofdisabilities2010
3%
16%
Phsycological
Feeling
16%
Moving
Learning
65%
IV.2.8Seatbelt
Cambodian land traffic law requires all drivers and front seat passengers to wear a seatbelt. Since 2009, law
enforcementonseatbeltwearinghasbeenstrengthened,particularlyinPhnomPenh.
In2010,20%ofcasualtiesworeseatbeltduringacrash.Alowerpercentage wasobservedamongpassengers
(only 8% compared to 33% among drivers). Seatbeltwearing among drivers of passenger vehicles was higher
thandriversofgoodsvehicles(36%,23%).
4wheeler driver casualties aged between 1519 years old represented the highest percentage of seatbelt
wearing(57%).Alowpercentageofseatbeltwearingwasnoticedamongcasualtiesaged3034yearsold.
Figure29:Percentageof4wheelerdrivercasualtieswearingaseatbelt2010
100%
80%
43%
60%
70%
76%
79%
30%
24%
21%
53%
54%
47%
46%
69%
60%
50%
31%
40%
50%
40%
57%
20%
0%
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55

Wearing seatbelt
Not wearing seatbelt
Wearingaseatbeltcanreduceseverityofinjuriesduringacrash.Asshowninthefigurebelow,47%ofcasualties
wherethepersonwasnotwearingaseatbeltwereeithersevereorfatalities,whilealowerpercentage(42%)
wasobservedamongpeoplewearingseatbelts.
Figure30:Percentageof4wheelerdriversusingseatbeltbyseverityofinjuries2010
100%
7%
Unknown
80%
60%
1%
51%
52%
Severe
40%
20%
0%
Superf icial
35%
36%
7%
11%
Wearing seatbelt
Not wearing seatbelt
Fatalities
15
AnnualReport2010
IV.3Crashinformation
IV.3.1HitandRun
Hit and run crashes occur when the driver responsible intentionally escapes afterwards. In 2010, hit and run
crashesrepresented27%ofoverallcrashesand42%ofallfatalities.Thepercentageoffatalitiesrelatedtohit
andruncrashesincreasedcompareto2009.
Figure31:Percentageofhitandruncrashesandfatalities,20092010
50%
40%
30%
42%
37%
27%
24%
20%
10%
0%
2009
Crash
2010
Fatality
The peak of hit and run crashes was noticed from 6 pm to 8 pm. 32% of hit and run crashes were headon
collisions, followed by rightangle collisions (22%). Hit and run crashes occurred much more in the provinces
thaninPhnomPenh(92%vs8%).Inhitandruncrashes,51%ofcrasheswereoverspeeding,followedbynot
respectingtherightofway(12%)anddangerousovertaking(10%).
IV.3.2Typeofcollision
36.61% of fatalities were killed in motorcycle and 4wheeler collisions (passenger and goods vehicles) and
another18.47%inmotorcyclemotorcyclecollisions.Morethan60%ofpedestrians(7.77%of12.64%)and58%
ofbicyclists(2.88%of4.92%)werekilledby4wheelervehicles.
Figure32:Percentageoffatalitiesbytypeofcollisions2010
Collision between
Motorbike
Passenger vehicle
Goods vehicle
Agriculture vehicle
Bicycle
Pedestrian
Stationary object
Animal
Single vehicle collision
Other
Total
Motorbike Passenger vehicle Goods vehicle Agriculture vehicle Bicycle Pedestrian Other
18.47%
20.97%
15.64%
1.26%
1.87%
4.87%
2.83%
0.45%
6.91%
1.02%
74.29%
20.97%
1.42%
2.83%
0.40%
1.92%
5.22%
0.79%
3.23%
0.06%
36.84%
15.64%
2.83%
1.42%
0.62%
0.96%
2.55%
0.28%
2.10%
0.11%
26.51%
1.26%
0.40%
0.62%
0.06%
0.06%
1.53%
0.06%
3.99%
1.87%
1.92%
0.96%
0.06%
0.11%
4.92%
4.87%
5.22%
2.55%
12.64%
1.02
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.11%
0.06%
0.40%
0.06%
1.88%
Headoncrashesaccountedfor30%ofthetotalcrashes,followedbyrightanglecollisions(24%)andrearendcollisions
(16%).Headoncollisionsrepresentedahighproportionoffatalandseverecrashes.Rightanglecollisionssharedhigh
percentagesamongsevereandslightcrashes.Additionally,crashesinvolvingpedestriansalsosignificantlycontributed
tofatalcrashes.
16
AnnualReport2010
Figure33:Percentageofcrashesbytypeofcollisionsandseveritiesofcrashes2010
100%
30%
80%
Head-on
25%
31%
Rear-end
15%
60%
18%
15%
15%
Right-angle
Side-swipe
27%
28%
14%
8%
9%
9%
5%
7%
5%
Other
Fatal crash
Severe crash
Slight crash
40%
6%
11%
20%
15%
0%
Hit pedstrian
Headoncollisionsweremuchhigheratnighttimethanduringthedaywhilerightanglecollisionsweremuch
higherduringthedaytimethanatnight.
Headon collisions shared similar proportions among all kinds of roads. The high proportions of rightangle
collisions occurred on junctions (X, T, Y junctions), while single vehicle collisions were observed mostly on
bridges,slopesandcurveroads.
Figure34:Percentageofcrashesbycharacteristicofroadsandtypeofcollisions2010
Slope
9%
Bridge
19%
Rounabout
Y-junction
33%
6%
8% 10% 10%
23%
4%
7%
15%
34%
21%
T-junction 5%3% 8%
48%
X-junction
63%
Curve road
6%
9%
Straight road 5%6%

0%
17%
10%
9%
20%
12% 8%
12%
25%
22%
14%
21%
18%
40%
60%
Hit pedstrian
29%
9%
8%
34%
25%
Side-swipe
24%
Right-angle
3%
17%
Other
19%
Rear-end
34%
Head-on
31%
80%
100%
37%ofcrashesthatwereduetodangerousovertakingwereheadoncollisionsand26%ofcrashesweredue
to sideswipe. Around 50% of change direction without due care and change lane without due care were
rightanglecollisions.
17
AnnualReport2010
Figure35:Percentageofcrashesbyhumanerrorsandtypesofcollisions2010
Other
Change lane without due care
6% 15%
Change direction without due care
15%
Notrespect right of way
8%
33%
11%
23%
11%4%
10%
Other
21%
7%
50%
10% 13%
56%

Hit pedestrian
Dangerous overtakeing
16%
26%
Drunk driving
9%
Over speeding 7%
0%
16%
17%
7% 7%
12% 7%
20%
33%
8%
41%
13%
19%
40%
Slide-swipe
37%
Right-angle
34%
Rear-end
Head-on
28%
19%
60%
80%
100%
IV.3.3Typeofroad
In 2010, national roads accounted for a large proportion of total fatalities (73%). Half of crashes on national
roadshappenedduringthedaytime,whileanotherhalfhappenedduringthenighttime.
Ontheotherhand,thepercentageofroadcrashesatnightonmajorroadswashigherthanduringtheday.
Over speeding was the main cause of crashes on all kind of roads. It accounted for more than 50% of overall
crashes,followedbydrunkdriving.
Figure36:Percentageofcrashesbytypeofroadsandhumanerrors2010
Other
32%
21%
11% 11%
21%
Minor road in city/town
51%
14% 7%
Major road in city/town
53%
13% 6% 12%
17%
Over speeding
9%
12%
Drunk driving
Dangerous overtakeing
Not respect right of way
Provincial road
41%
Local road
20%
54%
National road
18%
51%
0%
20%
5% 17%
5% 8%
11% 10% 14%

40%
60%
80%
11%
7%
Change lane without due care
8%
Other
100%
18
AnnualReport2010
IV.3.4Characteristicofroad
79%ofallcrashesoccurredonstraightroads,whichalsocontributedto82%offatalities.
Figure37:Percentageofcrashesandfatalitiesbycharacteristicofroads2010
1%
0%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
4%
3%
5%
2%
8%
9%
Y-junction
Roundabout
Bridge
Slope
T-junction
X-junction
Curve
Crashes
Fatalities
79%
82%
Straight road
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Ahighpercentageoffatalcrasheswerenoticedonslopes.
Figure38:Percentageofcrashesbyseveritiesofcrashesandcharacteristicsofroads2010
Other
Y-junction
27%
7%
Roundabout
Slope
8%
27%
58%
29%
18%
14%
49%
56%
11%
Fatal crash
57%
43%
T-junction
18%
85%
15%
Bridge
X-junction
55%
8%
26%
69%
Slight crash
20%
Curve
29%
52%
19%
Straight road
28%
55%
18%
0%
20%
40%
Severe crash
60%
80%
100%
IV.3.5Urban/ruralarea
Aruralareaisanareaexcludingadjacentbuildings,schools,markets,andpopulationlivingalongtheroad.The
proportion of crashes that occurred in rural areas due to Over speeding was much more than in urban areas
(53%, 47%), while not respecting the right of way had a higher percentage in urban areas than in rural areas
(16%,11%).
Headoncollisionsinruralareasshowedahigherproportionthaninurbanareas(32%,27%)whilerightangle
collisionshadahigherproportioninurbanareasthaninruralareas(31%,20%).
19
AnnualReport2010
Figure39:Percentageofcrashesinurbanandruralareasandtypesofcollisions2010
100%
27%
80%
Head-on
32%
Rear-end
15%
60%
40%
Right-angle
16%
31%
20%
10%
10%
4%
9%
8%
10%
5%
Urban
Rural
Side-swipe
Hit pedstrian
20%
0%

Other
IV.4VehicleinvolvedInformation
IV.4.1Typeofvehicleinvolved
Motorcycles made up the vast majority (66%) of vehicles involved in road crashes in 2010, followed by
passengervehicles(17%)andgoodsvehicles(7%).59%ofcrasheswereprovokedbymotorbikes,followedby
passengervehicles(25%)andgoodsvehicles(11%).
Passengervehicleswereinvolvedinroadcrashesatnightmorethanduringtheday(61%,39%)inPhnomPenh,
buttheywereinvolvedinmoredaytimecrashesthannightcrashesintheprovinces(69%,31%).
Headon, rearend, and rightangle collisions shared the majority of crashes among each type of vehicle.
Notably,headonandrightanglecollisionssharedhigherproportionsinmotorbikecrashesthaninothervehicle
crashes,whilerearendcollisionscontributedthehighestpercentageinbicyclecrashes.
Figure40:Percentageofvehiclesinvolvedbytypeofcollisions2010
Other 5% 6% 10%
Agriculture vehicle
Goods vehicle
25%
7% 13% 4% 10%
7% 8% 5% 12%
14%
Motorbike
20%
28%
25%
21%
Other
15%

Hit pedestrian
26%
Side-swipe
26%
26%
5% 10%
0%
26%
21%
Passenger vehicle 5%5% 6% 8%

Bicycle
23%
17%
33%
36%
27%
40%
15%
60%
Right-angle
22%
Rear-end
Head-on
36%
80%
100%
IV.4.2Manoeuvreofvehicles
81% of vehicles involved in crashes occurred while going straight ahead, followed by left turn (9%) and
overtaking(4%).Thepercentageofleftturnwasmuchhigheramongbicycles(21%)comparedtoothervehicle
crashes.
20
AnnualReport2010
Figure41:Percentageofvehiclesinvolvedincrashesbymaneuverofvehicles2010
Other
Agriculture vehicle
4% 7%
Other
79%
8% 5%
12%
8%
6%
Parking
Sudden stop
70%
Sudden start
Goods vehicle
Passenger vehicle
73%
5%5%
U-turn
Reversing
84%
Right turn
Bicycle
21%
Motorbike
72%
9%
0%
Overtaking
Lef t turn
82%
20%
40%
60%
Go straight
80%
100%
IV.4.3Characteristicsofvehicles
84%ofvehiclesinvolvedincrasheswerelefthanddriveand16%wererighthanddrive.16%ofpassengerand
goodsvehicleswererighthanddrive.Thenumberofrighthanddrivevehiclesdecreasedby10%compareto
2009.Thefatalcrashesthatwereduetotherighthanddrivevehiclesdecreasedby25%,comparedto2009.
IV.5Causesofcrashes
Aroadcrashcanresultfrommanycausalfactors.Thecontributionoffactorsinacrashisveryimportantinthe
developmentofkeyactionstopreventcrashesandinjuries.RCVISdividescausesintothreecategories:human
error,roadenvironment(roadandweatherconditions),andvehicledefects.
Generally, human errors contributed to 95% of crashes. Vehicle defects accounted for around 2.2% and road
environmentaccountedaround0.83%.
Figure42:Percentageofcrashesbycausesofcrashes2010
OverspeedingwastheleadingcauseofcrashesinCambodia.Itrepresentedmorethan50%offatalities,while
other 16% were caused by drunk driving. Dangerous overtaking also contributed to a high proportion (8%) of
fatalities.
21
AnnualReport2010
Figure43:Percentageofcrashesandfatalitiescausedbyhumanerrors2010
9%
Other
13%
3%
2%
3%
2%
Change land without due care

12%
8%
8%
8%
Dangerous overtaking
13%
16%
Drunk driving
49%
51%
Over speeding
0%
10%
Crashes
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Fatalities
Overspeedingsharedsimilarproportionsindayandnightcrashes(around50%).Drunkdrivingcontributedto21%of
nightcrashesand10%ofdaycrashes.Conversely,dangerousovertakingandnotrespectingtherightofwayshare
higherpercentagesduringthedaytimethanatnight.
Figure44:Percentageofcrashesduringdayvs.nightcausedbyhumanerrors2010
Over speeding
100%
Drunk driving
80%
51%
50%
60%
40%
10%
10%
21%
20%
14%
5%
11%
0%
9%
9%
Day (6am-5:59pm)
Night(6pm-5:59am)
Change direction without

due care
Change land without due
care
Other
Overspeedinganddrunkdrivinghadlargerproportionsinfatalcrashes,comparedtosevereandslightcrashes.
Figure45:Percentageofcrashesbyseveritiesofcrashesandhumanerrors2010
100%
Over speeding
80%
53%
51%
46%
60%
40%
17%
20%
9%
8%
0%
Drunk driving
13%
8%
12%
9%
9%
6%
16%
5%
9%
Fatal crash
Severe crash
Slight crash
14%

Change direction without
due care
Change land without due
care
Other
22
AnnualReport2010
V.Motorbikeridersandhelmetwearing
83%ofregisteredvehicles13 aremotorbikes.72%ofcasualtiesweremotorbikeriders.Overthelastfiveyears,
thenumberofmotorbikefatalitieshasincreasedby61%.
Figure46:Thenumbersofmotorbikefatalitiesbyyears,20062010
1,500
1,200
900
600
300
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Withasimilarpatternto2009,ahighpercentageofmotorbikefatalitieswereobservedduringtheweekend.A
peakwasnoticedonSaturday.
Figure47:Thenumbersofmotorbikefatalitiesbydays14,20092010
400
300
200
100
0
Monday
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

2009
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
2010
Motorbike fatalities were suffered more in the early part of the year with a high proportion in April, which
correspondswithKhmerNewYear.Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedby59%inOctoberand
45%inNovember.
Overspeedingwastheleadingcauseofmotorbikecasualtiesandfatalities.Drunkdrivingrepresentedahigher
percentage of motorbike fatalities than motorbike casualties (21%, 16%), followed by dangerous overtaking
(11%,10%).
44% of motorbike fatalities were suffered on headon collision, followed by rear end (17%) and right angle
(15%).
13
14
Vehicle registration in 2010, Ministry of Public Work and Transport

Each day counts from 06:00 am to 05:59 am.
23
AnnualReport2010
PercentageofmotorbikefatalitiesduetoheadoncollisionsinPhnomPenhwasmuchmorethaninprovinces
(61%,41%).Conversely,thepercentageofmotorbikefatalitiesduetofellaloneinprovinceswasmorethanin
PhnomPenh(10%,2%).
29%ofmotorbikedrivercasualtieshadalcoholabuseduringthecrashes.52%ofthemagedbetween20and29
yearsold.25%ofthemwerefatalitiesand37%weresevereinjuries.
56%ofmotorbikefatalitieswereagedbetween1529yearsold.
Figure48:Thenumbersofmotorbikedrivercasualtiesbyagecategoriesandseveritiesofinjuries2010
Age category
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
>=55
Unknown
Total
Fatality
Number
4
110
227
173
98
61
48
61
42
61
17
902
Severe
Superficial
Unknown
% Number
%
Number
%
Number
0%
1%
1%
27
53
0
12%
14%
17%
472
692
25
25%
25%
27%
837
1122
56
19%
20%
20%
663
834
45
11%
10%
10%
345
408
12
7%
8%
7%
254
292
17
5%
7%
5%
222
228
12
7%
6%
5%
206
191
16
5%
4%
4%
136
147
11
7%
5%
5%
163
206
12
2%
18
1%
10
0%
15
100%
100% 3,343
4,183 100%
221
Total
%
Number
%
0%
84
1%
11%
1,299
15%
25%
2,243
26%
20%
1,716
20%
5%
863
10%
8%
624
7%
5%
510
6%
7%
474
5%
5%
336
4%
5%
442
5%
7%
60
1%
100%
8,652 100%
In2010,NationalRoad5sharedthehighestpercentageofmotorbikefatalities(22%),followedbyNationalRoad
6(19%)andNationalRoad7(17%).
Figure49:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbymainnationalroads2010
25%
22%
19%
20%
15%
10%
5%
13%
17%
13%
7%
6%
3%
1%
0%
NR 1 NR 2 NR 3 NR 4 NR 5 NR 6 NR 6A NR 7 NR 8
24
AnnualReport2010
Almost40%ofmotorbikefatalitieswereobservedinPhnomPenh,KampongChamandKandal.
Figure50:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbyprovinces2010
13%13%
12%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
3% 3%
2% 3% 3%
2%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
0% 1%
6%
5% 5% 6%
5%
5%
4% 4%
0%
Alargeproportionofmotorbikefatalitieshappenedbetween4pmto10pm (49%),comparedto49%in2009.
Peaksofmotorbikefatalitieswerenoticedfrom6pmto8pmin2010.
Figure51:Distributionofmotorbikefatalitiesbytimecategories,20092010
2009
23:00 - 23:59
22:00 - 22:59
21:00 - 21:59
20:00 - 20:59
18:00 - 18:59
19:00 - 19:59
17:00 - 17:59
16:00 - 16:59
15:00 - 15:59
14:00 - 14:59
13:00 - 13:59
12:00 - 12:59
11:00 - 11:59
10:00 - 10:59
08:00 - 08:59
09:00 - 09:59
07:00 - 07:59
06:00 - 06:59
05:00 - 05:59
04:00 - 04:59
03:00 - 03:59
02:00 - 02:59
01:00 - 01:59
00:00 - 00:59
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2010
73% of motorbike fatalities suffered head injuries in 2010. Among them, only 21% wore a helmet. This
percentageofheadinjuriesdecreasedfrom76%in2009.
25
AnnualReport2010
Figure52:Percentageofmotorbikefatalitiesthatsufferedfromheadinjuries,20072010
90%
85%
86%
84%
80%
76%
73%
75%
70%
65%
2007
2008
2009
2010
Atthesametime,thepercentageofcasualtieswearingahelmetincreasedfrom20%in2009to21%in2010.
ThehelmetwearingrateinPhnomPenhwashigherthaninotherprovinces(41%,19%).
Thewearingratewashigheramongdrivercasualties(26%)thanamongpassengercasualties(8%).Thiscanbe
due to the fact that helmets are compulsory only for motorbike drivers and that there has been enhanced
enforcementbytrafficpolice,especiallyinPhnomPenh,sinceJanuary2009butonlyfordrivers.
ThepercentageofhelmetwearingamongmotorbikecasualtiesseemsabithigherfromMaytoSep.2010.
Figure53:Percentageofmotorcyclecasualtiesbymonthsandhelmetuse2010
100%
80%
60%
78% 78% 81% 83%
69% 74% 74% 72% 72%

79% 78% 83%
22% 22% 19% 17%
31% 26% 26% 28% 28%

21% 22% 17%
Jan
May
40%
20%
0%
Feb
Mar
Apr
Jun
Wearing helmet
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Not wearing helmet
Therateofhelmetwearingwashigherduringthedaytime(23%)thanatnight(19%).
Figure54:Percentageofmotorcyclecasualtiesbyhelmetuseindaytimeandnighttime2010
100%
80%
60%
78%
83%
23%
19%
Day (6am-5:59pm)
Night(6pm-5:59am)
40%
20%
0%
Wearing helmet
Not wearing helmet
26
AnnualReport2010
VI.Overspeeding
OverspeedingwasthemaincauseofcrashesandcasualtiesinCambodia.Overspeedingcrashesshared51%in
Phnom Penh crashes and 40% of crashes in other provinces. Compared to 2009, the number of fatalities
increasedby10%.Thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedfromyeartoyear.
Figure55:ThenumberoffatalitiesbyOverspeeding,20062010
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
44% of fatalities happened between 4pm to 9pm, compared to 27% in 2009. The peak of fatalities caused by
overspeedingwasnoticedfrom7pmto8pmin2010.
Figure56:Distributionoffatalitiesduetooverspeedingbytimecategories20092010
2009
23:00 - 23:59
22:00 - 22:59
21:00 - 21:59
20:00 - 20:59
19:00 - 19:59
18:00 - 18:59
17:00 - 17:59
16:00 - 16:59
15:00 - 15:59
14:00 - 14:59
13:00 - 13:59
12:00 - 12:59
11:00 - 11:59
10:00 - 10:59
09:00 - 09:59
08:00 - 08:59
07:00 - 07:59
06:00 - 06:59
05:00 - 05:59
04:00 - 04:59
03:00 - 03:59
02:00 - 02:59
01:00 - 01:59
00:00 - 00:59
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2010
Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedalmosteverymonthexceptforJuneandSeptember.Itis
alsonoticedthattherewasabigdecreaseoffatalitiesinMay(63%)butabigincreaseinNovember(45%).
27
AnnualReport2010
Figure57:Thenumberoffatalitiesbymonthscausedbyoverspeeding20092010
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
2009
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2010
20% of fatalities due to over speeding were noticed on Saturday. The percentage of fatalities on Saturday
sufferedatnightwasmorethanduringthedaytime(28%,16%).
Figure58:PercentageoffatalitiesbydayofweekcausedbyOverspeeding2010
100%
80%
60%
13%
14%
Mon
12%
Tue
13%
10%
13%
16%
15%
40%
13%
20%
16%
28%
16%
14%
Day(6am-5:59pm)
Night(6pm-5:59am)
0%
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Motorbikescontributedtothebiggestproportionoffatalitiesinoverspeedingcrashes.Thehighestpercentages
wereobservedamong1529yearoldfatalities.Childrenlessthan15yearsoldsufferedthemostaspedestrians
in over speeding crashes. A large proportion of bicyclist fatalities was noticed among young teenagers (1014
yearsold).
Figure59:Percentageoffatalitiesinoverspeedingcrashes,byagegroupsandmodeoftransport2010
100%
13% 19%
80%
Motorbike
32%
19%
60%
42%
72%
40%
31%
51%
66%
75% 70% 70%
45%
57% 58%
64%
Bicycle
15%
Passenger vehicle
32%
17%
6%
11%
23%
5%
9% 17%
9%
5%
13%
14%
19% 12% 10%
14% 15% 11% 15%
8%
7%
6% 6%
6%
20%
11%
11%
0%
0-4
8%
Pedestrian
Goods vehicle
Agriculture vehicle
Other
5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
28
AnnualReport2010
AhighproportionoffatalitiescausedbyoverspeedingwerenoticedonstraightroadsinbothPhnomPenhand
provinces,butitisimportanttonote thatoverspeeding causedmorefatalitiesatXjunctionsinPhnomPenh
thanintheprovinces(19,1%).Conversely,fatalitiesatcurveroadsshowedhigherpercentagesintheprovinces
thaninPhnomPenh(11%,3%).
73% of fatalities due to over speeding happened on main national roads. Among main national roads 1 to 7,
Nationalroad5contributedthehighestpercentageoffatalitiescausedbyoverspeeding,followedbynational
road6(21%)andnationalroad7(15%).
Figure60:Percentageoffatalitiesbymainnationalroadscausedbyoverspeeding2010
30%
25%
25%
21%
20%
15%
15%
10%
8%
8%
13%
5%
5%
3%
2%
0%
NR 1 NR 2 NR 3 NR 4 NR 5 NR 6 NR 6A NR 7 NR 8
The highest percentage of fatalities due to over speeding crashes was observed in Kandal province (11%),
followedbyKampongchamProvince(10%)andSiemReapprovince(10%).
Figure61:DistributionoffatalitiesbyprovincescausedbyOverspeeding2010
12%
11%
10%
10%
10%
8% 8%
8%
6%
4%
2%
1%
0% 0%
2%
1% 1% 1% 2% 2%
4% 4% 4% 4%
3% 3% 3%
5%
6% 6%
0%
29
AnnualReport2010
VII.DrunkDriving
DrunkdrivingisthesecondmajorcauseofroadcrashesandcasualtiesinCambodia.In2010,16%offatalities
wereduetodrunkdriving.Comparedto2009,thenumberoffatalitiesincreasedby2%.
Figure62:Thenumberoffatalitiescausedbydrunkdriving2010
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
54% of fatalities were killed between 5pm and 10pm in 2010, compared to 58% in 2009. The percentage of
fatalitiesduetodrunkdriving,peakedbetween7pmto8pm.
Figure63:Distributionoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingbytimecategories20092010
16%
12%
8%
4%
2009
23:00 - 23:59
22:00 - 22:59
21:00 - 21:59
20:00 - 20:59
19:00 - 19:59
18:00 - 18:59
17:00 - 17:59
16:00 - 16:59
15:00 - 15:59
14:00 - 14:59
13:00 - 13:59
12:00 - 12:59
11:00 - 11:59
10:00 - 10:59
09:00 - 09:59
08:00 - 08:59
07:00 - 07:59
06:00 - 06:59
05:00 - 05:59
04:00 - 04:59
03:00 - 03:59
02:00 - 02:59
01:00 - 01:59
00:00 - 00:59
0%
2010
ThehighestpercentagesoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingwerenoticedonSaturdaynights.
Figure64:Percentageoffatalitiesbydayandnightcausedbydrunkdriving2010
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
19%
17%
19%
29%
6%
10%
Sun
Sat
Fri
13%
Thu
24%
16%
Wed
12%
10%
15%
Day(6am-5:59pm)
Night(6pm-5:59am)
9%
Tue
Mon
The distributions of fatalities were higher than the distributions of injuries among 25 to 54 year age groups.
Amongpeopleolderthan29yearsold,thereweremorefatalitiesthaninjuriesindrunkdrivingcrashes.Around
60%offatalandinjuredpeoplewerebetween15and29yearsold.
30
AnnualReport2010
Figure65:Percentageofcasualties(injuredandfatalities)indrunkdrivingcrashes2010
30%
26%
25%
23%
21%
19%
20%
15%
13%
15%
12%
10%
10%
5%
0%
1%
2%
0-4
2%
0%
0%
5-9
8% 8%
8%
7%
5%
5%
5% 4%
3%
3%
1%
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Injured
Fatalities
2029yearoldfatalitiesrepresentedahigherproportioninPhnomPenhthanintheprovinceswhilefatalities
agedbetween1519yearsoldhadhigherproportionsintheprovincesthaninPhnomPenh.
Among driver fatalities, who were suspected of alcohol abuse during crashes, 71% aged between 15 and 34
yearsoldand89%weremotorbikedrivers.
Indrunkdrivingcrashes,84%offatalitiesweremotorbikeriders.
Figure66:Percentageoffatalitiesbyagecategoriesandmodeoftransportcausedbydrunkdriving2010
100%
Motorbike
80%
Pedestrian
60%
100% 100%
80%
87% 90%
88% 85%
71% 72%
78%
92%
Passenger vehicle
40%
Goods vehicle
20%
0%
Bicycle
6%
6%
7%
4%
9%
6%
10% 11%
14% 6%
6%
5%
11%
8%
11%
Agriculture vehicle
Other
0-4 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
AhighproportionofdrunkdrivingfatalitieswasnoticedonstraightroadsinPhnomPenhandintheprovinces
(56%, 80% respectively). Additionally, fatalities on xjunction and Tjunction road had higher percentage in
PhnomPenhthanprovince(36%,4%),whilefatalitiesoncurvedroadshadahigherpercentageintheprovinces
thaninPhnomPenh(12%,6%).
69% of fatalities due to drunk driving happened on main national roads. Among main national roads 1 to 7,
National road 7 contributed to the highest percentage of those fatalities (37%), followed by national road 6
(23%)andnationalroad5(16%).
31
AnnualReport2010
Figure67:Distributionoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingbymainnationalroads2010
NR 1
12%
NR 2
7%
37%
1%
1%
NR 3
NR 4
NR 5
16%
NR 6
2%
NR 6A
23%
NR 7
KampongChamprovincecontributedtothehighestnumbersoffatalitiesindrunkdrivingcrashes.Comparedto
2009,thenumberofdrunkdrivingcrashesinthisprovinceincreasedby25%and70%ofthemwerefatalcrashes
(atleastonepersondiedinacrash).Thenumberoffatalitiesduetodrunkdrivingwasincreasedby40%.
Figure68:Distributionoffatalitiesbyprovincescausedbydrunkdriving2010
30%
26%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
6% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7%
4% 4% 4% 5%
3%
3%
2%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2%
0%
VIII.Pedestrians
Without helmet, seat belt or other means of protection, pedestrians are very vulnerable. In 2010, pedestrian
presented 8% of total casualties but 12% of total fatalities. Among total pedestrian casualties, 15% were
fatalities and 36% were severely injured. The number of pedestrian fatalities has increased since 2006.
Comparedto2009,pedestrianfatalitiesincreasedby1%in2010.
Figure69:Thenumbersofpedestrianfatalities20062010
220
215
210
205
200
195
190
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
32
AnnualReport2010
In 2010, 25% of pedestrian were killed on Saturday. 42% of pedestrians were killed between 5pm and 9pm,
comparedto40%in2009.Apeakwasobservedbetween7pmto8pmin2010.
Figure70:Distributionofpedestrianfatalitiesbytimecategories,20092010
12%
8%
4%
2009
23:00 - 23:59
22:00 - 22:59
21:00 - 21:59
20:00 - 20:59
19:00 - 19:59
18:00 - 18:59
17:00 - 17:59
16:00 - 16:59
15:00 - 15:59
14:00 - 14:59
13:00 - 13:59
12:00 - 12:59
11:00 - 11:59
10:00 - 10:59
09:00 - 09:59
08:00 - 08:59
07:00 - 07:59
06:00 - 06:59
05:00 - 05:59
04:00 - 04:59
03:00 - 03:59
02:00 - 02:59
01:00 - 01:59
00:00 - 00:59
0%
2010
Age distributions of pedestrian fatalities were much different from age distributions among overall fatalities.
These pedestrian fatality distributions were also different from injury distributions. Peaks of fatalities were
noticedamong59yearoldchildrenandpeopleolderthan54years(17%and22%),whileinjurypercentagesof
thesetwoagegroupswereonly4%and6%respectively.Thisshowedahighprobabilityofdeathamongchildren
andelderlyoncetheywerehitincrashes.
Figure71:Distributionofinjuredpedestriansandfatalitiesbyagecategories2010
25%
22%
20%
17%
17%
15%
15%
10%
5%
22%
8%
7%
4%
2%
6%
4%
5%
3%
9%
8%
7% 7%
5% 5% 5% 5%
6% 6%
4%
0%
0-4
5-9
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55
Injured
Fatalities
Proportions of child pedestrian fatalities (less than 10 years old) and elderly (older than 54 years old) in the
provincesweremuchmorethaninPhnomPenh(48%,9%)while2034yearoldpedestrianfatalitiesinPhnom
Penhweremuchhigherthanintheprovinces(72%,17%).
Among pedestrian fatalities, more than 70% were killed along national roads, and another 13% along local
roads.Additionally,42%ofthemwereduetohitandruncrash.20%ofpedestrianfatalitieswerestudentsand
73%ofthosestudentswereagedbetween6and9yearsold.
Almost40%ofpedestrianfatalitieswerefemale(comparedtoonly19%amongfatalitiesinalltransportmodes).
Amongthem,30%agedabove54yearsoldand32%agedlessthan15yearsold.
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Overspeedingwastheleadingcauseofpedestrianfatalitiesthaninjuries(70%,65%),followedbydrunkdriving.
Figure72:Percentageofpedestriansinjuredandkilledbyhumanerrors2010
13%
14%
Other
1%
1%
1%
1%
Driving againt f low of traf f ic

7%
5%
2%
2%
11%
7%

Drunk driving
65%
70%
Speed related
0%
10%
Injured
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Fatalities
Kampong Cham and Kandal contributed to the highest proportions of pedestrian fatalities among other
provinces.
Figure73:Distributionofpedestrianfatalitiesbyprovinces2010
18%
16%
14%
15%
12%
9%
6%
3%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1%
3%
2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
4% 5% 5%
7%
6% 6%
8% 8%
0%
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AnnualReport2010
IX.Blackspot
FromJuly2006,HandicapInternationalBelgiumandtheMinistryofInteriordecidedtointroduceGlobalPosition
System(GPS)devicestothetrafficpoliceinallprovinces.TheGPStechnologycanidentifyroadcrashlocations
on the Cambodian Road Network easily, quickly and accurately by using Geographic Information System (GIS)
mapping. The data has been used to identify locations that have the highest numbers of crashes, deaths or
injuriesandtounderstandthenatureofcrashes.Thesystemalsohelpstodeveloppriorityactionstoimprove
thephysicalconditionor managementofhazardouslocationsbyimplementingappropriatesolutionsatthese
locations.
Thetermblackspotinthisreporthasbeendefinedasasectionontheroadthathasthehighestnumberof
roadcrashes/fatalities/casualtiesinoneyearperiod,inaselectedarea,suchasPhnomPenhortheprovinces.
Basedonthisdefinition,blackspotswereidentifiedinPhnomPenh,KampongCham,KandalandSiemReap.
The map below presents high risk locations for motorbike crashes, pedestrian casualties, student casualties,
drunkdrivingcrashes,overspeedingcrashesandnotwearinghelmetcasualties.
IX.1PhnomPenh
Top3locationswiththehighestnumberofmotorbikecrashes
o National road 4, Chumpu Vaon and Prey Pring Cheung villages, Chaom Chau commune, Dang
Kaodistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
o St.110,PreyChisakvillages,ChaomChaucommune,DangkaodistrictPhnomPenhmunicipality.
o St.Monivong,SrahChakcommune,DounPenhdistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofstudentcasualties
o St.110,KbalDamreiVillages,KakabCommune,Dangkaodistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
Top3locationswiththehighestnumberofcasualtiesthatwerenotwearinghelmetsduringcrashes:
o St.Monivong,SrahChakcommune,DounPenhdistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
o National road 6A, Phum Ti Bei village, Chrouy Changva commune, Russey Keo district, Phnom
Penhmunicipality.
o National road 4, Prey Pring Cheung village, Chaom Chau commune, Dangkao district, Phnom
Penhmunicipality.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofoverspeedingcrashes
Nationalroad6A,PhumTiBeivillage,ChrouyChangvacommume,RuesseiKaevdistrict,Phnom
Penhmunicipality.
St.110,TeukThlacommune,SenSokdistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
St.Monivong,SrahChakcommune,DounPenhdistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofdrunkdrivingcrashes
St.Monivong,SrahChakcommune,DounPenhdistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofpedestriancasualties
Nationalroad2,TuolRokaandPreaekTakongvillages,ChakAngraeKraomandChakAngraeLeu
commune,MeanCheydistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
Nationalroad2,PreaekTanuandDaeumChanvillages,ChakAngraeLeuandChbarAmpovPir
communes,MeanCheydistrict,PhnomPenhmunicipality.
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Figure74:AllblackspotlocationsinPhnomPenh2010
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AnnualReport2010
IX.2KampongCham
LocationsbelowwereidentifiedasblackspotsinKampongCham:
Locationswiththehighestnumberofmotorbikecrashes:
Nationalroad6,CheaLeavillage,Chealeacommune,Batheaydistrict,KampongChamprovince.
Nationalroad6,Phavvillage,Phavcommune,Batheaydistrict,KampongChamprovince.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofstudentcasualties
National road 7, Mream Teak village, Chirou Pir commune, Tboung Khmum district, Kampong
Champrovince.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofnotwearinghelmetcasualties
Nationalroad6,CheaLeavillage,Chealeacommune,Batheaydistrict,KampongChamprovince.
Nationalroad6,Phavvillage,Phavcommune,Batheaydistrict,KampongChamprovince.
Nationalroad7,PreyTotoengvillage,Chreyviencommune,PreyChhordistrict,KampongCham
province.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofoverspeedingcrashes
Nationalroad6,Batheayvillage,Batheaycommune,Batheaydistrict,KampongChamprovince.
PhumBeivillage,VealVongcommune,KampongChamdistrict,KampongChamprovince.
National road 7, Mream Teak village, Chirou Pir commune, Tboung Khmum district, Kampong
Champrovince.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofdrunkdrivingcrashes
Nationalroad7,TrapeangTmatvillage,Sramacommune,CheungPreydistrict,KampongCham
province.
Nationalroad7,SlabKdaongvillage,Chobcommune,TboungKhmumdistrict,KampongCham
province.
National road 7, Sangkom Mean Chey village, Memot commune, Memot district, Kampong
Champrovince.
Nationalroad71,ThnalBaekKaeutandThnalBaekLechvillages,SvayTeabcommune,Chamkar
Leudistrict,KampongChamprovince.
Province road 222, Speu Kaeut village, Speu commune, Chamkar Leu district, Kampong Cham
province.
Locationswiththehighestnumberofpedestriancasualties
o Province road, Phum Dabpram and Phum Dabbuon villages, Kampong Cham commune,
KampongChamdistrict,KampongChamprovince.
o National road 7, Mream Teak village, Chirou Pir commune, Tboung Khmum district, Kampong
Champrovince.
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Figure75:AllblackspotlocationsinKampongCham2010
IX.3Kandal
LocationsbelowwereidentifiedasblackspotsinKandal:
Locationswithhighestnumberofmotorbikecasualties:
National road 2, Preaek Hour Lech village, Preaek Hour commune, Ta khmau city, Kandal
province.
Street211,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad21B+201,Thmeivillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2,DaeumKorvillage,DaeumMiencommune,TaKhmauCity,Kandalprovince.
Street201+206,Thmeivillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Street201,Thmeivillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2,PreaekRusseivillage,PreaekRusseicommune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2+206,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Locationswithhighestnumberofstudentcasualties
Street211,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmauCcommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Locationswithhighestnumberofnotwearinghelmetcasualties
National road 2, Preaek Hour Lech village, Preaek Hour commune, Ta khmau city, Kandal
province.
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AnnualReport2010
Street211,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad21B+201,Thmeivillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2,DaeumKorvillage,DaeumMiencommune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Street201+206,Thmeivillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2+206,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmaucommune,Takhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Locationswithhighestnumberofoverspeedingcrashes
Nationalroad2,DaeumKorvillage,DaeumMiencommune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
National road 2, Preaek Hour Lech and Kaeut villages, Preaek Hour commune, Ta Khmau city,
Kandalprovince.
Nationalroad2+107,TaKhmauvillage,TaKhmaucommune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Street 201+110, Thmei and Ta Khmau villages, Ta Khmau commune, Ta Khmau city, Kandal
province.
Locationswithhighestnumberofdrunkdrivingcrashes
National road 21B, Preaek Samroang Village, Ta Khmau Commune, Ta Khmau city, Kadal
province.
National road 2+206, Ta Khmau and Daeum Mien Village, Ta Khmau and Daeum Mien
commune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Street201,Thmeivillages,TaKhmaucommune,TaKhmaucity,Kandalprovince.
Locationswithhighestnumberofpedestriancasualties
Nationalroad2,PreaekHouKaeutandPreakHouLechvillages,PreakHoucommune,TaKhmau
City,Kandalprovince.
National road 1+ St. 118, Spean Daek village, Preaek Tonloab commune, Leuk Daek district,
Kandalprovince.
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AnnualReport2010
Figure76:AllblackspotlocationsinKandal2010
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AnnualReport2010
IX.4SiemReap
LocationsbelowwereidentifiedasblackspotsinSiemReap:
Locationswithhighestnumberofmotorbikecrashes:
Nationalroad6,ChambakHaervillage,Puokcommune,Puokdistrict,SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,Kruosvillage,SvayDangkumcommune,SiemReapdistrict,SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,BanteayChasandChongKausouvillages,SlaKramcommune,SiemReapdistrict,
SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,ChambakHaervillage,Puokcommune,Puokdistrict,SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,BanteayChasandChongKausouvillages,SlaKramcommune,SiemReapdistrict,
SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,Kumruvillage,Lveacommune,Puokdistrict,SiemReapprovince.
National road 6, Chong Kausou villages, Sla Kram commune, Siem Reap district, Siem Reap
province.
Nationalroad6,KoukSnuolvillage,Khnatcommune,Puokdistrict,SiemReapprovince.
Nationalroad6,KoukSrokandChambakHaervillages,Puokcommune,Puokdistrict,SiemReap
province.
National road 6, Anlong Vil village, Kuok Thlok Kraom commune, Chi Kraeng district, Siem Reap
province.
Figure77:AllblackspotlocationsinSiemReap2010
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AnnualReport2010
IX.5Otherprovinces
Locationsbelowwereidentifiedasblackspotsinotherprovinces:
Locationswithhighestnumberofmotorbikecasualties:
National road 6, Kampong Svay and Phum Muoy villages, Kampong Svay and Preah Ponlea
communes,SereiSaophaondistrict,BanteayMeancheyprovince.
National road 5, Beng and Anlong Vil villages, Anlong Vil commune, Sangkae district,
Battambangprovince.
Nationalroad48+Provinceroad,PhumTiMuoyvillage,SmachMeancheycommune,Khemarak
Phoumincity,KohKongprovince.
Locationswithhighestnumberofstudentcasualties
National road 5, Anlong Vil and Chumnik villages, Anlong Vil commune, Sangkae district,
Battambangprovince.
St.22,Praekvillage,StungTrengcommune,StungTrengcity,StrungTrengprovince.
Nationalroad6,MuoyandKampongSvayvillages,PreahPonleaandKampongSvaycommunes,
SereiSaophondistrict,BanteayMeancheyprovince.
Nationalroad5,Balileyvillage,PaoyPaetcommune,PoyPetcity,BanteayMeanCheyprovince.
Nationalroad5,Bengvillage,AnlongVilcommune,Sangkaedistrict,Battambangprovince.
St.314,MePhleungandRoungBanlaevillages,SvayRiengcommuneSvayRiengcity,SvayRieng
province.
Nationalroad7,KhsuemKrauvillage,Khsuemcommune,Snuoldistrict,Kratieprovince
Nationalroad5,ArangPruochvillage,AnsaChambakcommune,Krakordistrict,Pursatprovince
Nationalroad5,Samraongvillage,KbalTrachcommune,Krakordistrict,Pursatprovince
Nationalroad4,Reamcommune,PreyNobdistrict,PreahSihanoukprovince
Locationswithhighestnumberofdrunkdrivingcrashes
NeangKongvillage,BakKhlangcommune,MondolSeimadistrict,KohKongprovince
Locationswithhighestnumberofpedestriancasualties
National road 5, Kilo metre lekh buon village, Paoy Paet commune, Poy Pet city, Banteay
Meancheyprovince
National road 5, Sala Daeng village, Russei Kraok commune, Mongkol Borei district, Banteay
Meancheyprovince
National road 7, Hong Khau Suon Village, Sameakki Commune, Stung treng City, Stung Treng
province
National road 4, Ong and Smach Daeng villages, Ream commune, Prey Nob district, Preah
Sihanoukprovince
National road 4, Prey Nob Pir and Tuol Totueng Bei villages, Prey Nob and Tuon Totueng
communes,PreyNobdistrict,PreahSihanoukprovince.
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AnnualReport2010
Figure78:Allblackspotlocationsin20provinces(excludedPhnomPenh,K.Cham,KandalandSiemReap)2010
X.Furtherestimationincludingunderreporting
X.1Estimationofoverallroadcrashcasualties
As mentioned in the Data source section, RCVIS has combined two main data sources (traffic police and health
facilities).Amongallrecordsfrombothsources,98%ofrecordedfatalitiesand66%ofinjurieswerereportedbytraffic
police.Healthfacilitiesreportedonlyaround6%offatalitiesand40%ofinjuries.Althoughalldistrictpolicesectors
providedthedataregularlytotheMinistryofInterior,itcanbeobservedthattrafficpolicehasplayedaveryimportant
roleincollectingfataldata,buttheirattentionondata collectionforsevereandslightcasualtieswasmuchless.In
addition,basedonthenumberofdatasources,only65%ofhospitalsand5%ofhealthcenters15participatedintothe
systemin2010.Additionally,inaverage,eachhospitalprovideddataforaround5monthsamongthe12monthsin
2010,whileeachhealthcenterprovidedonly2months.Thereasonsofthesefewmonthdataavailablecanbedueto
thefactthattherewasnoinjuryinthathospital/healthcenterinthosemonthsorinjuries/fatalitieswerenotproperly
recordedandsenttotheMinistryofHealth.Therefore,underreportinghasbeensuspectedforthe2010data.
During 2010 and 2011, International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (IRTAD) of the international transport
forumattheOECDhasmadeaninvestigationonUsingpoliceandhospitaldatatoimproveunderstandingofnonfatal
roadtrafficaccidents.Initslastmeeting,March2011,adraftreportwaspresented(thefinalreportisexpectedby
mid 2011). The report introduced a guideline to identify and assess methodologies for linking different sources of
15
It is also noted that many health centers are located in remote areas, while most of road crashes happen along national
roads and urban areas. So, those health centers have not treated any road crash casualties and they dont have any records.
43
AnnualReport2010
accident data in order to develop better assessment of the real number of road traffic casualties. Based on the
recommendation in the report, the capturerecapture approach has been used to get a better picture of road
casualtiesinCambodiain2010.
Thereare2differentdatasourcesinRCVIS:policeandhealthfacilities.So,availabledatainRCVIScanbedividedinto:
trafficpoliceonly(P),healthfacilitiesonly(H),andbybothsources(PH).
Figure79:Dataclassifiedbysources
Datafromtraffic
policeonly
(P)
Reportedby
bothsources
(PH)
Datafrom
healthonly
(H)
Notreportedbypoliceand
health(N)
Basedonthecapturerecaptureapproach,datathatwerenotreportedbypoliceandhospital(N)canbeestimated
withtheformulabelow.
N=
( P) ( H )
( PH )
DatafromRCVISwasusedinthiscapturerecapturemethodtoestimatetheoverallpicturesofroadtrafficcasualties.
They were classified by mode of transports and their severities. The estimation is summarized in the table below,
whichindicatesthattheunderreportedcasualties(N)isequalto96,116(532fatalitiesand95,584injuries).
Figure80:Numberofcasualtiesestimatedbythecapturerecapturemethod
(*):toestimatethenumbersoffatalitiesbyeachmodeoftransports,thedatawereclassifiedfurtherasbelow(pleasedonothesitatetocontact
us,formoredetailedcalculation)
diedatcrashscenes
diedathospitals/healthcentersandduringtransportation
(**):therewere583unknowninjuriesinRCVIS
Basedonthiscapturerecapturecalculation,in2010,therewereestimated114,000roadcrashcasualties,whichwas
0.8%oftheCambodianpopulation.Amongthem,around2,300werefatalitiesandaround112,000wereinjuries.This
44
AnnualReport2010
meantthataround20%ofroadcrashfatalitiesand85%ofinjurieswerenotreportedtoRCVIS.Veryhighnumbersof
underreportedfigures(N)canbeobservedamongslightinjuriesinallcategoriesofroadusers.Thiscanbeduetothe
factthatslightinjuredpeoplemightjustgotoasmallclinicorpharmacyandthoseslightcrasheswerenotattendedby
trafficpolice.Theestimationcanalsoimplythattrafficpolicerecordedonly75%ofoverallfatalitiesand10%ofinjuries.
Furthermore,thiscapturerecaptureestimationisinlinewiththeoverallestimationintheCambodiaDemographicand
HealthSurvey200516.Basedonthissurvey,1.9%ofthepopulationhadsufferedaninjuryordeathbyaccidents17inthe
past12months.46%ofthemwereduetoroadcrashes,whichwasaround0.87%ofthepopulation.
Compared to 2009 (with the capturerecapture estimation), the number of fatalities and serious injuries in 2010
increasedby10%and17%respectively,whiletheslightinjuriesdecreasedby12%.
To conclude, the capture recapture calculation can be a kind of experiment on the completeness of the overall
fatalitiesandinjuriesinthecountry.HoweveritisrecommendedthatthefiguresfromRCVIS(18,287casualties)should
bestilltheofficialnumbersforthecountryandusedintimeseriesorfurtheranalysis/distribution.
X.2Analysisonroadcrashcost
Attheendof2009,HandicapInternationalBelgium,incollaborationwiththeTransportResearchInstituteHasselt
University of Belgium conducted a research study on the cost of road crashes in Cambodia18. Data in 2009 RCVIS
annualreportwasusedtocalculatethiscost,inadditiontoprimarydatacollectionondetailedindividualcost.The
researchfoundthatroadcrashesin2009costCambodia248millionUSD.Inaddition,theaveragecost(inUSD)on
propertyloss,suffering,medicaltreatmentandsoonwerealsoaddressed.
Thesamemethodologywasappliedwiththe2010roadcrashdata.PercentageincreasesintheConsumerPriceIndex
(CPI)wasalsotakenintoconsiderationtoupdatetheincomesandindividualcostofroadcrashcasualtiesin2009to
2010.
BasedontheavailablefigureinRCVIS(withoutunderreportingestimation),theannualeconomiccostofroadcrashes
in2010wasequalto279millionUSD,anincreaseof13%comparedtothecostin2009.
However,ifthefindingfromthecapturerecapturemethodwasappliedintothiscostanalysiscalculation,roadcrashes
in2010hadanenormousimpactonthesocialandeconomicwelfareofCambodiawithanestimatedannualcostof
415.5millionUSD,whichis3.5%oftheCambodianGDP19.ThiscostissimilartothegeneralestimationofADB20that
lossesarenormallyintherangeof1%to3%ofacountrysGDP.
16
CambodiaDemographicandHealthSurvey2005,NationalInstituteofPublicHealthandNationalInstituteStatisticsPhnomPenh,
Cambodia,December2006
17
Allkindofaccidents,suchaslandmine,gunshot,roadcrash,burning,animalbite,fall,drowning,etc
18
DeJongM.,SannS.,GnimC.,AnalysisofCostsofRoadCrashesinCambodia,TransportationResearchInstitute(IMOB),Jun2011
19
BasedonInternationalMonetaryFund,WorldEconomicOutlookDatabase,April2011,CambodianGDPin2010isequalto11,629Million
USD
20
AsianDevelopmentBank,RoadSafetyGuidelinesfortheAsianandPacificRegionRoadSafetyTrendsintheAsianandPacificRegion,Page12
45
AnnualReport2010
Tables
1.Evolutionofdataduringtheyears21
2009
Crash information
Phnom Penh Provinces

Number of crashes
Number of vehicle involved
Percentage of vehicle involved
Bicycle
Motorbike
Passenger vehicle
Good vehicle
Agriculture vehicle
Other
Day of accident
Percentage of crashes occured during the weekend
(from Friday 6 pm to Sunday midnight)
Time of accident
Percentage of crashes occured during nighttime
(from 6 pm to 5.59 am)
Peak(s) of accident
Cause of accident
Percentage of crashes occurred due to human error
High speed
Alcohol abuse
Non respect of rights of way rules
Changing lane without due care
Changing direction without due care
Other
Percentage of crashes due to vehicle defect
Percentage of crashes due to road conditions
Percentage of crashes due to weather conditions
Type of collision
Head-on
Rear-end
Right-angle
Side-swipe
Fell alone
Hit pedestrain
Hit and Run crashes
Percentage of four-wheeled vehicles with
Left-hand-drive
Right-hand-drive
Percentage of crashes occurred in urban areas
Type of road
Percentage of crashes occurring on national roads
2010
Country level
2,116
3,140
10,422
15,270
12,538
18,410
Phnom Penh
555
1,366
Provinces Country level

6,386
6,941
13,813
15,179
3%
73%
15%
7%
0%
2%
5%
69%
15%
6%
3%
2%
5%
70%
15%
6%
2%
2%
1%
65%
22%
9%
1%
2%
4%
62%
20%
9%
3%
2%
5%
66%
17%
7%
3%
3%
43%
35%
37%
39%
36%
36%
66%
35%
44%
58%
30%
32%
11pm-12pm
6pm-7pm
6pm-7pm
9pm-10pm
6pm-7pm
6pm-7pm
99%
46%
14%
16%
11%
4%
5%
4%
1%
0%
0%
97%
52%
14%
13%
9%
4%
3%
5%
3%
2%
0.38%
97%
49%
13%
13%
9%
4%
3%
5%
3%
2%
0.32%
98%
40%
13%
18%
9%
1%
5%
12%
0%
0%
0%
97%
50%
13%
12%
8%
3%
3%
8%
3%
2%
1%
97%
49%
13%
12%
8%
3%
3%
9%
3%
1%
1%
45%
11%
23%
5%
1%
8%
29%
26%
17%
26%
8%
6%
9%
24%
30%
16%
25%
8%
5%
9%
24%
44%
11%
27%
4%
2%
7%
25%
25%
16%
23%
9%
8%
9%
26%
30%
15%
23%
9%
7%
9%
26%
74%
6%
23%
62%
17%
35%
64%
15%
33%
84%
3%
23%
68%
14%
34%
70%
13%
31%
24%
63%
57%
32%
67%
64%
Major road in city
39%
4%
7%
40%
4%
6%
Minor road in city
36%
3%
6%
26%
1%
3%
0%
13%
11%
0%
11%
10%
1%
18%
15%
2%
17%
16%
99%
79%
82%
97%
81%
83%
68%
79%
77%
69%
80%
79%
29%
11%
14%
25%
9%
10%
2%
7%
7%
4%
9%
8%
Percentage of crashes occuring on provincial roads

Percentage of crashes occuring on local/track roads
Percentage of accident occuring on paved roads
Characteristics by type of road
Percentage of crashes occuring on straight roads
Percentage of crashes occuring on junctions (X, T,
Y- junctions and roundabout)
Percentage of crashes occuring on curves
21
The numbers of crashes and vehicles involved for 2009 and 2010 were estimated based on data from both sources: traffic police and health
facilities.
46
AnnualReport2010
Victim information
Number of casualties
Severity of injuries
Percentage of deaths
Percentage of severely injured casualties (requiring
chirurgical intervention of ICU)
Percentage of slight injury casualties
Percentage of gender
Male
Female
Percentage of casualities' age
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
>=45
Percentage of type of road user
Drivers
Passengers
Pedestrains
Percentage of casualties by type of transport
Motorbike riders
Passenger vehicle riders
Good vehicle riders
Bicycle riders
Percentage of casualties occupation
Students
Farmers
Workers
House keepers
Vendors/small businesses owners
Childs
Motorbike taxis
Time to transfer casualties to hospital
Less than 10 minute after the accident
Between 10 and 30 minutes after the accident
Between 30 minutes and 1 hour after the accident
Between 1 hour and 2 hours after the accident
More than 2 hours after the accident
Ways to transfer casualties to hospital
By ambulance
By their private transportation
2009
2010
Phnom Penh
Provinces
Country
Phnom Penh
Provinces
Country
3,620
17,899
21,519
1,735
16,552
18,287
7%
8%
8%
10%
10%
10%
26%
34%
33%
35%
37%
37%
63%
55%
56%
50%
50%
50%
73%
27%
73%
27%
73%
27%
74%
26%
74%
26%
74%
26%
3%
3%
3%
13%
26%
22%
9%
6%
4%
9%
2%
4%
4%
15%
21%
15%
8%
7%
6%
16%
3%
4%
4%
15%
22%
16%
8%
7%
6%
15%
2%
4%
3%
12%
27%
21%
10%
5%
3%
13%
2%
4%
4%
15%
21%
16%
9%
7%
6%
16%
2%
4%
4%
14%
22%
17%
9%
7%
6%
15%
24%
67%
8%
58%
32%
8%
53%
38%
8%
9%
63%
28%
8%
56%
36%
8%
57%
35%
84%
3%
1%
3%
76%
6%
3%
4%
77%
6%
3%
4%
79%
4%
1%
3%
71%
8%
4%
4%
72%
8%
3%
4%
26%
4%
8%
7%
8%
4%
4%
19%
34%
16%
4%
5%
3%
3%
20%
29%
15%
4%
5%
4%
3%
25%
4%
29%
8%
7%
4%
4%
18%
41%
15%
4%
4%
3%
2%
19%
38%
16%
4%
4%
3%
2%
9%
39%
19%
14%
19%
4%
25%
15%
16%
40%
5%
28%
16%
16%
35%
6%
31%
20%
13%
30%
7%
21%
15%
17%
41%
6%
23%
15%
16%
40%
84%
2%
54%
35%
58%
31%
45%
54%
33%
67%
34%
65%
47
AnnualReport2010
2.Trendofpopulation,registeredvehicles,andfatalitiesbyyears
Year
Population
Registeredvehicles
Fatalities
Fatalities
(averageperday)
Fatalitiesper
100,000population
Fatalitiesper10,000
registeredvehicle
1998
11437656
277211
102
0.3
0.9
3.7
1999
11623304
304918
196
0.5
1.7
6.4
2000
11805103
335069
401
1.1
3.4
12.0
459
1.3
3.8
12.4
4.4
12.7
2001
11989745
369298
2002
12177275
420418
535
1.5
2003
12367738
447428
824
2.3
6.7
18.4
2004
12561180
485612
1042
2.9
8.3
21.5
2005
12757648
574829
904
2.5
7.1
15.7
2006
12957189
714,463
1,292
3.5
10.0
18.1
2007
13,182,721
868,852
1,545
4.2
11.7
17.8
2008
13,388,910
1,084,320
1,638
4.5
12.3
15.1
2009
13,595,099
1,391,656
1,717
4.7
12.7
12.3
2010
14,302,779
1,652,534
1,816
5.0
12.7
11.0
3.Numberoffatalitiesbymainnationalroadsandyears
NationalRoad
NR1
NR2
NR3
NR4
NR5
NR6
NR6A
NR7
NR8
Total
20062009average
89
51
33
136
220
154
43
127
851
2006
75
41
27
148
192
125
33
117
758
2007
83
50
28
134
217
178
58
134
882
2008
86
60
43
166
230
131
38
110
864
2009
110
51
33
97
239
180
42
146
898
2010
95
47
63
114
191
181
31
161
14
897
Changeover2009
14%
8%
91%
18%
20%
1%
26%
10%
100%
0%
4.Numberoffatalitiesperkilometrebynationalroadsandyears
NationalRoad
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N6A
N7
20062009Average
0.53
0.42
0.16
0.64
0.54
0.46
0.57
0.29
2006
0.45
0.34
0.13
0.69
0.47
0.37
0.44
0.26
2007
0.50
0.42
0.14
0.63
0.54
0.57
0.77
0.30
2008
0.52
0.50
0.21
0.78
0.57
0.39
0.51
0.25
2009
0.66
0.43
0.16
0.45
0.59
0.53
0.56
0.33
2010
0.57
0.39
0.31
0.53
0.47
0.53
0.41
0.36
Changeover2009
14%
8%
91%
18%
20%
1%
26%
10%
48
AnnualReport2010
5.Numberoffatalitiesinthewholecountrybymonthcategoryandyears
MonthCategory
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
20062009
average
145
128
142
185
113
113
116
109
123
123
119
134
1,492
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
130
67
145
174
85
96
89
88
91
122
93
112
1,292
143
125
105
161
111
110
117
117
132
152
144
128
1,545
151
163
139
195
119
109
136
88
135
107
140
156
1,638
156
156
180
208
136
135
121
144
135
109
99
138
1,717
177
175
154
204
147
112
126
118
112
157
148
186
1,816
%Change
over2009
13%
12%
14%
2%
8%
17%
4%
18%
17%
44%
49%
35%
6%
6.NumberoffatalitiesinPhnomPenhbymonthcategoryandyears.
Monthcategory
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
20062009
average
21
21
22
24
24
25
28
18
21
21
21
17
263
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
18
12
22
17
15
19
18
13
13
19
9
19
194
24
20
24
20
30
22
32
27
31
29
21
18
298
20
32
20
36
26
34
33
13
20
16
32
15
297
31
21
19
21
15
15
20
30
32
21
18
8
251
18
15
20
14
13
16
15
18
13
11
15
21
189
%Change
over2009
42%
29%
5%
33%
13%
7%
25%
40%
59%
48%
17%
163%
25%
7.NumberoffatalitiesinPhnomPenhbydistrictandyears.
District
Chamkar Mon
Doun Penh
7 Meakkakra
Toul Kork
Mean Chey
Dangkao
Ruessei Keo
Sen sok
Unknonw
Total
2006 - 2009
average
34
26
7
23
34
66
71
N/A
2
261
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
18
19
7
20
27
41
61
N/A
1
38
28
8
25
33
77
83
N/A
6
46
30
6
24
41
81
69
N/A
0
31
20
13
22
39
67
48
8
3
28
19
3
7
31
56
32
13
0
194
298
297
251
189
% Change
over 2009
-10%
-5%
-77%
-68%
-21%
-16%
-33%
63%
-100%
-25%
49
AnnualReport2010
8.Numberoffatalitiesbyagecategoryandyears.
Agecategory
04
59
1014
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
>=55
Unknown
Total
20062009
average
41
64
30
126
262
308
122
136
104
102
61
159
34
1,548
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
35
66
31
80
175
271
101
131
86
96
54
129
37
1,292
45
72
22
98
248
331
125
141
102
92
64
161
44
1,545
47
57
29
119
269
376
120
138
114
103
55
180
31
1,638
36
61
36
207
357
255
141
134
114
118
70
164
24
1,717
36
63
49
206
361
291
171
114
109
120
93
186
17
1,816
%Change
over2009
0%
3%
36%
0%
1%
14%
21%
15%
4%
2%
33%
13%
29%
6%
9.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport andyears.
Modeoftransport
Motorbike
Pedestrian
Bicycle
Passengervehicle
Goodsvehicle
Agriculturevehicle
Other
Unknown
Total
20062009
average
1,011
207
69
107
90
33
25
7
1,492
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
749
198
67
102
92
29
31
24
1,292
971
206
73
116
115
35
28
1
1,545
1,107
207
71
111
78
36
27
1
1,638
1,218
215
65
99
75
33
12
0
1,717
1,209
217
72
168
76
49
20
5
1,816
%Change
over2009
1%
1%
11%
70%
1%
48%
67%
500%
6%
10.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransportandagecategory2010
Agcategory
04
59
1014
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
>=55
Unknown
Total
Motorbike
Bicycle
11
12
14
151
294
218
121
77
70
74
61
96
10
1,209
2
3
8
11
5
4
3
2
8
3
2
21
0
72
Passenger
vehicle
4
6
5
18
25
30
22
14
12
12
8
12
0
168
Modeoftransport
Goods
Agriculture
vehicle
vehicle
0
3
1
2
5
2
9
8
16
7
14
5
6
4
7
3
6
1
5
5
4
3
2
6
1
0
76
49
Pedestrain
Other
Unknown
15
37
13
7
11
18
14
10
11
17
13
46
5
217
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
0
1
4
2
2
0
20
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
5
Total
36
63
49
206
361
291
171
114
109
120
93
186
17
1,816
50
AnnualReport2010
11.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport,genderandagecategory2010
Modeof
Transport
Motorbike
Bicycle
Passenger
vehicle
Goodsvehicle
Agriculture
vehicle
Pedestrain
Other
Unknown
Gender
Male
Female
Uknown
Subtotal
Male
Female
Uknown
Subtotal
Male
Female
Uknown
Subtotal
Male
Female
Uknown
Subtotal
Male
Female
Subtotal
Male
Female
Uknown
Subtotal
Male
Female
Subtotal
Male
Female
Subtotal
04
8
3
0
11
2
0
0
2
2
2
0
4
2
1
3
9
6
0
15
1
0
1
0
0
0
59
6
6
0
12
2
1
0
3
4
2
0
6
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
23
14
0
37
0
1
1
0
1
1
Agecategory
1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 >=55 Unknown
11
129
262
202
106
69
56
60
49
76
7
3
22
32
16
15
8
14
14
12
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
14
151
294
218
121
77
70
74
61
96
10
4
7
3
3
3
0
4
3
2
13
0
4
4
1
1
0
2
4
0
0
8
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
11
5
4
3
2
8
3
2
21
0
2
10
17
23
19
11
11
9
6
4
0
3
8
6
4
1
2
1
3
2
8
0
0
0
2
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
18
25
30
22
14
12
12
8
12
0
4
8
14
13
5
5
2
4
3
2
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
9
16
14
6
7
6
5
4
2
1
2
8
7
5
4
3
1
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
0
2
8
7
5
4
3
1
5
3
6
0
5
5
9
12
11
8
9
11
6
22
1
8
2
2
6
3
2
2
6
7
24
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
13
7
11
18
14
10
11
17
13
46
5
2
1
3
2
1
0
1
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
1
3
2
1
0
1
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
Total
1,041
165
3
1,209
46
25
1
72
118
42
8
168
61
14
1
76
40
9
49
131
83
3
217
17
3
20
2
3
5
Note:In15fatalitiesthegenderisunknown.
12.Numberoffatalitiesbyroaduser,genderandmodeoftransport2010
RoadUser
Driver
Gender
Male
Female
Uknown
subtotal
Passenger Male
Female
Uknown
subtotal
Unknown Male
Female
subtotal
Motorbike
832
59
3
894
198
104
0
302
11
2
13
Bicycle
40
24
1
65
6
1
0
7
0
0
0
Passengervehicle
51
0
0
51
67
42
8
117
0
0
0
ModeofTransport
Goodsvehicle
17
1
0
18
44
13
1
58
0
0
0
Agriculturevehicle
15
0
0
15
24
9
0
33
1
0
1
Total
Other Unknown
13
0
968
0
1
85
0
0
4
13
1
1,057
4
0
343
3
0
172
0
0
9
7
0
524
0
2
14
0
2
4
0
4
18
51
AnnualReport2010
13.Numberoffatalitiesbymodeoftransport,roaduserandagecategory2010
Modeof
Transport
Motorbike
Bicycle
Passenger
vehicle
Goodvehicle
Agriculture
vehicle
Other
Unknown
RoadUser
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
AgeCategory
04
59 1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 >=55 Unknown
0
11
0
11
0
2
2
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
12
0
12
3
0
3
0
6
6
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
0
1
1
0
1
1
4
10
0
14
7
1
8
0
5
5
1
4
5
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
110
39
2
151
10
1
11
4
14
18
1
8
9
0
8
0
8
1
0
1
0
1
1
227
65
2
294
3
2
5
7
18
25
4
12
16
2
5
0
7
2
1
3
0
0
0
173
42
3
218
4
0
4
12
18
30
2
12
14
5
0
0
5
2
0
2
0
0
0
98
23
0
121
3
0
3
6
16
22
2
4
6
1
2
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
61
15
1
77
2
0
2
8
6
14
3
4
7
2
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
48
19
3
70
7
1
8
5
7
12
0
6
6
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
61
13
0
74
3
0
3
5
7
12
3
2
5
2
3
0
5
3
1
4
0
0
0
42
19
0
61
2
0
2
3
5
8
2
2
4
2
1
0
3
2
0
2
0
0
0
61
33
2
96
21
0
21
1
11
12
0
2
2
1
5
0
6
1
1
2
0
1
1
9
1
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Total
894
302
13
1,209
65
7
72
51
117
168
18
58
76
15
33
1
49
13
7
20
1
4
5
14.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupationandagecategory2010
Occupation
Famer
Student
Worker
Child
Vendor/small
Motortaxidriver
Car/truckdriver
House
Tourist/Expatriate
Other
Unknown
Total
04
0
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
59
0
50
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63
Agecategory
Total
1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 >=55 Unknown
1
52
127
105
60
47
55
61
47
104
1
660
44
97
51
6
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
251
0
24
87
74
40
18
13
13
6
1
1
277
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
2
1
8
10
10
5
4
14
4
5
0
63
0
1
7
7
4
4
4
5
2
5
0
39
0
1
5
14
5
5
2
0
4
0
0
36
0
7
8
5
7
1
5
1
3
26
0
63
0
0
1
5
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
10
1
20
48
47
33
29
22
22
23
41
11
297
1
3
19
18
11
3
4
4
2
3
3
71
49
206
361
291
171
114
109
120
93
186
17
1,816
15.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupationsandmodeoftransport2010
Occupation
Famer
Student
Worker
Child
Vendor/small
Motortaxidriver
Car/truckdriver
Housekeeping/Servant
Tourist/Expatriate
Other
Unknown
Total
Motorbike
Pedestrain
Bicycle
465
160
194
14
41
35
4
37
2
209
48
1,209
78
43
17
23
4
0
0
10
0
35
7
217
33
16
9
2
1
0
0
3
0
7
1
72
ModeofTransport
Passenger
Goods
vehicle
vehicle
37
10
19
6
21
27
5
0
13
5
1
0
18
12
9
2
7
1
25
11
13
2
168
76
Agriculture
Other Unknown
vehicle
27
10
0
3
4
1
7
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
3
0
0
0
49
20
5
Total
660
252
276
49
64
39
36
63
10
296
71
1,816
52
AnnualReport2010
16.Numberoffatalitiesbyoccupation,roaduserandagecategory2010
Occupation
Farmer
Student
Worker
Child
Vendor/
smallbusiness
MotorTaxidriver
Car/Truckdriver
Housekeeping
/Servant
Tourist/Expatriate
Other
Unknown
RoadUser
Pedestrain
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Pedestrain
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Pedestrain
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Pedestrain
Passenger
Subtotal
Agecategory
04 59 1014 1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 >=55 Unknown
0
0
0
3
3
7
3
5
7
12
8
29
1
0
0
0
25
85
80
43
36
26
38
25
45
0
0
0
1
24
38
17
14
6
20
11
14
29
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
52
127
105
60
47
55
61
47
104
1
0
29
12
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
11
68
40
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
17
21
25
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
44
97
51
6
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
5
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
53
40
25
9
9
7
2
1
0
0
0
0
7
30
29
8
8
4
5
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
87
74
40
18
13
13
6
1
1
15
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
78
403
174
5
660
43
130
74
4
251
17
163
96
1
277
23
26
49
Pedestrain
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
5
2
1
8
7
0
7
5
0
5
5
4
0
10
6
1
7
12
2
14
8
2
0
10
4
0
4
5
0
5
4
1
0
5
4
0
4
5
0
5
2
2
0
4
4
0
4
1
1
2
9
5
0
14
5
0
5
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
1
1
2
4
0
4
3
2
0
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
39
20
1
63
37
2
39
33
3
36
Pedestrain
10
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Driver
Passenger
Subtotal
Pedestrain
Driver
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
7
0
0
0
2
7
4
4
8
0
1
1
2
37
2
2
5
1
4
5
4
35
4
3
7
0
0
0
3
18
0
1
1
1
1
2
4
18
0
5
5
0
0
0
3
17
1
0
1
0
0
0
4
13
0
3
3
0
1
1
3
17
6
11
26
1
0
1
8
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
21
32
63
3
7
10
36
191
Passenger
10
12
65
Unknown
Subtotal
Pedestrain
Driver
Passenger
Unknown
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
20
0
2
1
0
3
48
2
9
8
0
19
47
0
12
6
0
18
33
2
3
6
0
11
29
0
0
2
1
3
22
1
2
1
0
4
22
0
4
0
0
4
23
0
2
0
0
2
41
0
1
1
1
3
11
1
2
0
0
3
297
7
37
25
2
71
53
AnnualReport2010
17.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandmonthcategory2010
Province
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
Banteay MeanChey
10
12
89
Battambang
16
13
16
101
Kampong Cham
31
21
19
23
22
11
20
19
10
15
19
28
238
Kampong Chhnang
42
Kampong Speu
11
67
Kampong Thom
15
17
11
13
10
104
Kampot
11
57
Kandal
16
24
20
24
20
13
11
11
12
12
18
15
196
Kep
Koh Kong
25
Kratie
13
13
10
81
Mondol Kiri
26
Addar MeanChey
25
Pailin
10
Phnom Penh
18
15
20
14
13
16
15
18
13
11
15
21
189
Preah Sihanouk
10
10
62
Preah Vihear
27
Prey Veng
10
10
10
87
Pursat
10
61
Rotanak Kiri
38
Siem Reap
15
17
12
13
11
13
13
11
132
Stung Treng
10
28
Svay Rieng
44
Takeo
12
10
81
Unknown
177
175
154
204
147
112
126
118
112
157
148
186
1,816
Total
54
AnnualReport2010
18.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandagecategory2010
Province
04
59
1014 1519 2024 2529 3044 3539 4044 4549 5054 >=55 Unknown Total
BanteayMeanChey
12
21
16
13
89
Battambang
23
13
10
14
101
KampongCham
11
25
50
43
24
11
18
10
10
25
238
KampongChhnang
42
KampongSpeu
14
10
67
KampongThom
13
16
12
14
104
Kampot
10
57
Kandal
23
46
28
11
16
17
25
196
Kep
KohKong
25
Kratie
12
10
10
10
81
MondolKiri
26
AddarMeanChey
25
Pailin
10
PhnomPenh
14
54
42
23
10
11
14
189
PreahSihanouk
14
10
62
PreahVihear
27
PreyVeng
14
15
13
10
87
Pursat
17
61
RotanakKiri
38
SiemReap
20
24
25
15
10
11
132
StungTreng
28
SvayRieng
10
44
Takeo
15
20
81
Unknown
Total
36
63
49
206
361
291
171
114
109
120
93
186
17
1,816
55
AnnualReport2010
19.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandmodeoftransport2010
Province
Motorbike Pedestrian
Bicycle
Passenger
Vehicle
Good
vehicle
Agriculture
Other Unknown Total
Vehicle
BanteayMeanChey
67
10
89
Battambang
56
14
101
KampongCham
154
34
20
13
238
KampongChhnang
28
42
KampongSpeu
52
67
KampongThom
64
18
104
Kampot
33
57
Kandal
145
30
12
196
Kep
KohKong
11
25
Kratie
50
10
81
MondolKiri
12
26
AddarMeanChey
14
25
Pailin
10
PhnomPenh
158
15
189
PreahSihanouk
36
14
62
PreahVihear
18
27
PreyVeng
62
12
87
Pursat
38
61
RotanakKiri
22
10
38
SiemReap
73
18
19
11
132
StungTreng
13
11
28
SvayRieng
35
44
Takeo
56
17
81
Unknown
1,209
217
72
168
76
49
20
1,816
Total
56
AnnualReport2010
20.Numberoffatalitiesbyprovinceandyears20062010
Province
BanteayMeanChey
Battambang
KampongCham
KampongChhnang
KampongSpeu
KampongThom
Kampot
Kandal
Kep
KohKong
Kratie
MondolKiri
AddarMeanChey
Pailin
PhnomPenh
PreahSihanouk
PreahVihear
PreyVeng
Pursat
RotanakKiri
SiemReap
StungTreng
SvayRieng
Takeo
Unknown
Total
20062009
average
79
85
207
59
68
85
26
176
6
29
44
9
23
6
260
47
14
56
50
17
74
10
51
63
6
1,548
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
50
80
183
66
92
61
18
134
8
24
36
7
6
3
194
40
9
50
37
6
70
6
40
51
21
1,292
62
83
224
62
53
120
32
148
4
20
35
14
12
8
298
51
9
46
51
22
65
8
47
70
1
1,545
92
84
199
51
75
62
24
223
9
48
45
10
30
7
297
52
16
56
42
19
76
9
47
64
1
1,638
110
94
221
57
53
98
30
200
4
23
61
5
42
4
251
43
22
70
70
22
84
17
70
66
0
1,717
89
101
238
42
67
104
57
196
3
25
81
26
25
10
189
62
27
87
61
38
132
28
44
81
3
1,816
Change
over2009
19%
7%
8%
26%
26%
6%
90%
2%
25%
9%
33%
420%
40%
150%
25%
44%
23%
24%
13%
73%
57%
65%
37%
23%
300%
6%
57
AnnualReport2010
21.Datacollectionforms
Twodifferentdatacollectionformsarebeingused:thehospitaldatacollectionform,usingthecasualtyaspoint
ofentry,andthetrafficpolicedatacollectionform,usingthecrashasentrypoint.Duplicateentriesarechecked
usingthenameofthecasualty,thedateandtimeofcrash,aswellasthelocation.
Roadtrafficandothertypeofinjuryform
58
AnnualReport2010
Trafficpolicedatacollectionform
59
AnnualReport2010
60
AnnualReport2010
22.Feedbackform
Pleasesendbackthisformtothefollowingaddress:
Bymail:HandicapInternationalRoadSafetyProgramManager#18,Street400PhnomPenh
Byfax:+855(0)23/216270
Nameoforganization:
Typeoforganization:
NGO
InternationalOrganization
Ministry
Sector(s)ofactivity:
Health
Education
Transport
Environment
DisabilityandRehabilitation
Nameofrespondent:
Position:..
Emailaddress:...
Postaladdress:...
Phonenumber:
Privatecompany
Other(pleasespecify):..
Childwelfare/rights
Rural&LivelihoodDevelopment
Pressmedia
ResearchInstitute
Other(pleasespecify):.
Qualityofreport:
Howwouldyouratethisannualreport?(pleasetickthecorrespondingbox)
Reportpresentation
Excellent
Good
Qualityofthedata
provided
Quantityofthedata
provided
Pertinenceoftheshort
analysisprovided
Wouldyouliketoreceivethisreportby?
Hardcopy
Average
Poor
Pleaseelaborate
..
..
..
..
Electronicmailcopy
FloppyDisk/CDcopy
Whichadditionalinformationwouldyouliketoappearinthisreport?(pleasespecify)
.
.
Howdoyouusethisreport?
.
.
Additionalcomment
.
.
61
AnnualReport2010
Glossary
Agriculturevehicle
Blackspot
Thevehicleusedatfarms.Sometimes,itisinventedlocally,bycombiningwith
othermachineorpartsofanothervehicle.Ex:Oxmachine.
A section on the road, less than 300 meters in length, that has the highest
numberofroadcrashes/fatalities/casualtiesinoneyearperiod,inaselected
area.
Cardriver
Whomakeslivingmainlyondrivingapassenger/goodsvehicle.
Casualty
Personwaskilledorinjuredinaroadcrash.
Changedirectionwithoutduecare
Going straight then drivers turn left or right suddenly or Uturn
withoutgivingasigntootherroadusers.
Changelanewithoutduecare Change lane left or right while still proceeding in the same direction (go
straight)withoutgivingasigntootherroadusers.
Child(infigures)
Personwhoseageislessthan6yearsold.
Damageonly
Anyroadcrashwhichdoesnotresultinanyinjuries.
Dangerousovertaking
Overtakingwithoutexaminationofthetrafficsituation.
Diedathospital
Persondiedafterarrivinghospital.
Diedonscene
Personwaskilledimmediatelyduringroadcrash.
Diedonthewaytohospital Persondiedduringtransferringtohospital.
Driver
Driver or operator of motorized or nonmotorized vehicle (including cyclist,
ridingananimal).
Drivingagainstflowoftraffic Alldriversdrivingagainsttheflowoftraffic,exceptpedestrians.
Drunkdriving
Theaccidentinvolvesadrunkdriverwithabloodalcoholleveloverthelegal
limit..Assumptionbytrafficpolice.
Farmer
Apersonwhoworksonfarm.
Fatalcrash
Any road crash resulting in at least one person killed immediately or dying
within30days,asaresultofthecrash.
Fatality
Personwaskilledimmediatelyordiedwithin30days,asaresultofthecrash.
Fourwheelervehicle
Itisallkindofpassengerandgoodsvehicles,with4wheels.
Goodsvehicle
Morethanfourwheelvehicleusedtotransportgoods.
62
AnnualReport2010
Headon
Hitandrun
Hitanimal
Hitobjectoffroad
Hitobjectontheroad
Hitparkedvehicle
Hitpedestrian
Housekeeping/servant
Humanerror
Localroad/track
Majorroadincity
Thefrontofbothvehiclescollidedwitheachother.
Whenthedriverresponsibleintentionallyescapesafterwards.
Themovingvehiclecollidedwithananimal.
Themovingvehiclecollidedwithstationaryobjectoffroad(ex.tree,post)
Themovingvehiclecollidedwithstationaryobjectonroad(ex.barrier)
Themovingvehiclecollidedwithaparkedvehicle.
Themovingvehiclecollidedwithpedestrian.
Apersonwhostayshometolookafterthefamilyortocleanothershouses.
Anyroadcrashcausedbyhumanmistake.
Road connect national/provincial road to village/commune at countryside or
roadoutsideurbanareas.
Roads are located in the city with double central lines, but which are not
nationalorprovincialroads.
Minorroadincity
Roadsarelocatedinthecitywithnodoublecentrallines.
Motortaxidriver
Apersonwhomakesalivingmainlyondrivingamotortaxi.
Motorbike/twowheelervehicleTwowheeled,roadmotorvehicle.
Nationalroad
Major country roads linking major population centers and provinces in
differentpartsofthecounty,permittingspeedsof90km/h.
Notrespectrightofway
Not giving right of way to pedestrians or other vehicles on the roads,
especiallyonjunctionroads.
Notrespecttrafficlight
Alldriversthatdrivethroughtrafficlightwhileitsred.
Notrespecttrafficsigns
Alldriversthatdrivewithoutrespectingthetrafficsigns.
Othergovernmentemployee Allgovernmentemployees,exceptpolice,soldierandteacher.
Overspeeding
All vehicles using high speed over the legal limit or using nonappropriate
speedinrelationwithgeographicalconditionsandtheconditionsofweather,
traffic,theirvehicles,andloading.
Overturned/singlevehicle
Referstosinglevehiclecrashes.
Passengervehicle
Morethanfourwheeledvehicleusetotransportpassengerfromoneplaceto
another(includingminibus,bus)
63
AnnualReport2010
Passenger
Pavedroad
Pedestrian
Provincialroad
Rearend
Rightangle
Roadconditions
Roadenvironment
Seriouscrash
Serious/severeinjury
Severityofcrash
Severityofinjury
Sideswipe
Slightcrash
A person who travels in/on a vehicle, without operating it (e.g. the persons
whositbehindamotorbike,tricycle,caretc)
Roadscoveredbyasphaltorasphaltwithpebble.
A person walking/standing on the road or footpath/sidewalk at the time of
crashes.Theyarenotinavehicle.
Major roads linking population centres within a province or they are
developed and maintained by provincial public work and transport
departments.
The front side of the first vehicle collides with the rear side of the second
vehicle.
Angleimpactwherethefrontofthefirstvehiclecollideswiththesideofthe
secondvehicle.
Conditionofroadlinkedtoroadcrash
The combination between road and weather condition which is linked to a
roadcrash
Any road crash resulting in at least one person who requires hospitalization
foratleast6daysbecauseofinjuriessustainedinthecrash,whilenoonewas
killed.
Personwashospitalizedforatleast6daysbecauseofinjuriessustainedinthe
crash.
Theseverityoftheroadcrash,basedonthemostsevereinjuryofanyperson
involved.
Theinjuryseveritylevelforapersoninvolvedinthecrash.
Thevehiclecollidedsidebysidewhiletravellinginthesamedirections.
Anyroadcrashresultinginatleastoneoftheparticipantsofthecrashbeing
hospitalized less than 24 hours or not hospitalized, while no participant was
seriouslyinjuredorkilled.
Student
Someonewhoisattendingschoolfromprimaryschooltouniversity.
Superficial/Slight/minorinjury Person was injured and hospitalized for less than 24 hours or not
hospitalized.
Teacher
Someonewhoinstructspeopleandhascertificatetoidentifythemselves.
Tjunction
Deadendroad,Tintersection
Tourist/Expatriate
Foreigners who work or temporary stay in the country and do not have
CambodiansIDcard.
64
AnnualReport2010
Unemployed
Unpaved/noncemented
Urbanarea
Usingmobilephone
Vehicledefects
Vendor/smallbusiness
Weatherconditions
Worker
Wronguseofhighbeam
Xjunction
Yjunction
Someonewhoisjoblessorhasnopermanentjob.
Roadsarenotpavedornoncemented.
Refer to the place where buildings or houses are closely constructed with
each other, exit or entrance to that is placed with sign or name of cities/
towns,evenatdaytimeornighttime.
Using mobile phone while driving without connection device or without
stoppingvehicleattheedgeofroadtouseit.
Vehicledefectisthemaincauseofthecrash,withoutclearlychecking.
Someonewhobuysandsellsgoods
Weatherlinkedtoroadcrash
Someonewhoworksinfactory/workingclass/constructionsite.
Wrongusingofhighbeamatnight.
Crossroads,roadintersectionwithfourdirections.
Yjunctionroad
References
1. National Road Safety Action Plan 20062010, 2006. Phnom Penh, Royal Government of Cambodia
NationalRoadSafetyCommittee.
2. "Statisticsofvehicleregisteredin2009."(2010):DepartmentofPublicWorkandLandTransport(Jan,
2010).
3. GeneralPopulationCensusofCambodia2008,MinistryofPlanning.
4. JonathonPassmore,RoadSafety&InjuryPrevention/TeamLeaderNCD/HP,WHOVietnam.
5. Handicap International Belgium and the Institute of Mobility Hasselt University of Belgium. Cost
AnalysisofRoadCrashesinCambodia.PhnomPenh:HandicapInternationalBelgium,2011.
6. Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2005, National Institute of Public Health and National
InstituteStatisticsPhnomPenh,Cambodia,December2006
7. Combiningandusingdifferentdatasourcesforsoundunderstandingofnonfatalroadtrafficcrashes,
Draftfinalreport,IRTAD,May2011
8. InternationalMonetaryFund,WorldEconomicOutlookDatabase,April2011
65
AnnualReport2010
Contacts
Furtheranalysisandadditionalinformationisavailableonrequest.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactoneof
thefollowingpersons:
Forgeneralroadsafetyinformationandadditionalanalysis/customizedreports:
Ms.SocheataSANN
RoadSafetyProgramManager
Mobile:012563172
Email:sann.socheata@hibcambodia.org
Mr.PanhavuthSEM
RCVISManager
Mobile:012545334
Email:sem.panhavuth@hibcambodia.org
ForinformationregardingtheNationalRoadSafetyActionPlan
HE.UNGChunHour
DirectorGeneralofTransports&DirectorofLandTransportDepartment
PermanentMemberofNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
SecretaryGeneralofGeneralSecretariatofNationalRoadSafetyCommittee
MinistryofPublicWorksandTransport
Mobile:012818835
Email:chunhour@hotmail.com
Forinformationregardingthenationaltrafficlawenforcement
GeneralHIMYan
DirectorofOrderDepartment
GeneralCommissariatofNationalPolice
MinistryofInterior
Mobile:012590978
Forinformationregardingemergencyassistance:
Dr.PRAKPISETHRaingsey
Director
PreventiveMedicineDepartment
MinistryofHealth
Mobile:012862022
Email:pisethsey@yahoo.com
66
Editors
Handicap International Belgium
# 18, Street 400,
Phnom Pen, Cambodia
Phone: +855 23 217 298
Email: rcvis@hib-cambodia.org
NationalRoadSafetyCommittee
Street598,RuesseiKeodistrict
PhnomPenh,Cambodia
Phone:+85523864082
Email:rcvis@roadsafetycambodia.info
Website: www.roadsafetycambodia.info
Website: www.handicapinternational.be
Withthesupportof:
BelgianCooperation
WorldHealthOrganization

2010 Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS)

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2010 Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS)

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Cambodia Road Crash and Victim Information System

Ministry of Public Works

National Road Safety Committee

Handicap International Belgium

Future Structure of the Systems

Public Health Facilities

National Road Safety Committee

All Kinds of injuries

Number of f atalities per 100,000 inhabitants

Number of f atalities per 10,000 registered vehicles

Number of f atalities per 10,000 registered vehicles

Child aged between 0 and 5 years old.

Died on crash site

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 >=55

Not wearing seatbelt

Not wearing seatbelt

Single vehicle collision

Straight road 5%6%

Single vehicle collision

Change direction without due care

Notrespect right of way

Single vehicle collision

Minor road in city/town

Major road in city/town

11% 10% 14%

Change direction without due care

Change lane without due care

Single vehicle collision

Single vehicle collision

Passenger vehicle 5%5% 6% 8%

Change land without due care

Not respect right of way

Not respect right of way

Change direction without

Not respect right of way

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Vehicle registration in 2010, Ministry of Public Work and Transport

78% 78% 81% 83%

69% 74% 74% 72% 72%

22% 22% 19% 17%

31% 26% 26% 28% 28%

Not wearing helmet

Not wearing helmet

75% 70% 70%

Driving againt f low of traf f ic

Not respect right of way

Phnom Penh Provinces

Provinces Country level

Major road in city

Minor road in city

Percentage of crashes occuring on provincial roads

Phone: +855 23 217 298

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