Objectives:
Find prospective cabling positions using a variety of resources. Organize potential positions into categories. Discover possible educational directions for future opportunities.
Overview:
In order to locate prospective job opportunities, the student must be familiar with the different methods of locating cabling-related positions. There are many different types of available cabling jobs from an entry-level Cable Installation Technician to a Cabling Installation Project Manager. In addition, there are a number of advancement positions such as cabling marketing representatives, estimators, and design engineers to name a few. This lab gives the student the skills to research available job positions, determine where their experience and skill sets lie within the job market, and plan future opportunities and goals around their education and interests.
Preparation:
To investigate Internet job boards, access to the Internet must first be gained whether at school, home, or local library.
Additional Materials:
Telephone directory
URL:
http://www.uwsp.edu/career/InternetJobSearch.htm
for cabling positions. While searching, concentrate on keywords such as entrylevel, apprentice, trainee, and helper. Look for these keywords in combination with job titles such as structured cabling, cable installer, and cabling technician.
Step 3 Organize
Organize job openings into categories for easy reference using a word processing or spreadsheet program of choice. For each entry, provide a description, job title, skills required, contact phone number or address, and a detailed reference of the source material. Source material can include the URL for the page on which it is found, the name of the newspaper, date, job category, and page. Source material can include job posting number or reference number.
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Overview:
This lab will explain the functions of each wire and the voltages present within an AC outlet. The following figures depict the three most common AC outlets found around the world. If your AC outlet does not match one of these, ask your instructor to help with this lab.
AC outlets are typically connected to three wires: the ungrounded, the grounded, and the grounding conductor.
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The black or red wire is the ungrounded, or hot, conductor. This is the conductor that feeds power to an appliance. The white wire is the grounded, or neutral, conductor. It is the electricity path back to ground, which completes the circuit. The green, or bare copper, wire is the grounding conductor. It is an extra safety wire that provides an additional path to ground which is normally connected to an appliance housing. Current normally flows between the ungrounded conductor, or hot, and the grounded conductor, or neutral. Current flows through the grounding conductor in the event of a fault. A multimeter is an electrical testing tool capable of detecting voltage levels, resistance levels, and open or closed circuits. It can measure both Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) voltages. Opens and shorts are shown by the amount of resistance for each circuit type. Opens are very high resistance and shorts are very low resistance. This resistance is measured in ohms. Direct Current is a voltage at a certain level that stays at that level flowing in one direction. A battery produces DC voltage. One battery terminal is positive and one is negative. When a load such as the light bulb in a flashlight is connected between the terminals, electricity flows through the filament in the bulb causing it to glow. Alternating Current is a voltage that rapidly changes between positive and negative. An example of AC is the common wall outlet. In most countries, this outlet provides either 220-240V AC or 120V. Some appliances in the United States and Canada like ovens or clothes dryers need a higher voltage of 220V. Special AC outlets are provided to accommodate these appliances in these areas. The majority of the outlets used throughout the world (more than 75%) use 220240V AC in all of the outlets. Warning: All electrical outlets and wires should be treated as if they contain electrical current, whether they have been turned off or not.
Preparation:
Find a working outlet in the lab room.
Additional Materials:
Outlet drawings. If none of the drawings included with this lab match the outlet in the classroom, the instructor can create a drawing on the board and label it accordingly. Instructions provided with the multimeter
URLs:
http://www.fluke.com http://www.multimeterwarehouse.com/usingamultimeter.htm
Copyright 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Note: There are many different types of multimeters available. The images shown may be different and some functions may not be available. Ask the instructor to explain the symbols and use of the multimeter being used in this lab. It is very important to set the meter to the correct setting for the application. Some meters can be damaged if they are not set correctly. Ask the instructor for help to ensure no damage is being done to the multimeter. Warning: Do not touch the bare metal parts of the probe.
HOLD This button is pressed to freeze the present reading on the display. MIN MAX This button stores minimum, maximum, and average input values. RANGE This button exits auto ranging and locks on the present range. Hz This button is pressed to measure the frequency of a voltage or current signal.
Set the meter to AC Volts. Insert the red probe into the ungrounded conductor slot or hole, which is hot. Insert the black probe into the grounded conductor slot or hole, which is neutral. What is the reading on the meter? _____________________________________________________________
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Overview:
Two stepladders are deployed in the lab. Working in small teams, examine one of the stepladders and answer questions from the lab sheet regarding its construction and safe use.
Preparation:
Place the stepladders in a clear area.
URL:
http://www.ladders-online.com/acatalog/ladder_safety.html
Additional Materials:
Regional-specific safety literature as required, instructors choice.
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Why are these two measurements different? _____________________________________________________________ How much weight can the ladder hold? _____________________
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What can happen if a student tries to move a ladder a few feet to one side or the other by jumping while on it instead of dismounting and moving it? __________________________________________________________ How many people can be on a ladder at the same time? ________________ What insignias or markers exist on the ladder to let a person know that the ladder was constructed to comply with any standards or electrical codes? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
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Objectives:
Identify the different types of fires. Learn how to use a fire extinguisher. Determine if a fire extinguisher is charged.
Overview:
Trash, liquid, and electrical fires may require a different suppressant to extinguish them. Not all fire extinguishers can extinguish all types of fires. In order for a fire extinguisher to properly extinguish a fire, it must be fully charged with fire suppressant. Examining a fire extinguisher tells the installer what type of fire it can extinguish and if the fire extinguisher is fully charged. The images here represent some of the major color and letter codes used on fire extinguishers around the globe. If the one in the classroom does not correspond with these color or letter codes, ask your instructor to explain any local codes used in the area.
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URL:
http://www.hanford.gov/fire/safety/extingrs.htm
Safety:
Important: Do not pull the pin on the fire extinguisher during this lab exercise.
Step 1
A good acronym to remember is: P A S S Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep Pull the pin that keeps the handle from being accidentally pressed. Aim the nozzle toward the base of the fire. Squeeze the handle to discharge the extinguisher. Releasing the handle will stop the discharge. Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire.
Step 2
Examine the fire extinguisher and answer the following questions: For what types of fires is the extinguisher approved? _________________________________________________________________ What is a type A fire? _________________________________________________________________ What is a type B fire? _________________________________________________________________ What is a type C fire? _________________________________________________________________ Is the extinguisher fully charged? _________________________________________________________________ At what pressure is it charged? _________________________________________________________________ Fire extinguisher size is rated in pounds. What size extinguisher is being examined? _________________________________________________________________ There is a small plastic ring securing the pin called the tamper ring. What is its purpose? _________________________________________________________________
11 of 117 Lab Activity: Fire Safety Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Lab Objectives:
Identify many of the tools that are used in cable installations. Examine and handle the tools that are used in cable installations.
Overview:
The type of cable that is being installed determines the tools that are needed for a job. Proper tools are required to install cables correctly and safely. While not every tool will be used in every cable installation job, it is important to know about most of the tools and supplies that may be used to ensure quality installations and to complete the jobs in a safe and timely manner. Safety is a consideration for every task. It is critical that precautions are taken to ensure that the job is done safely. Knowing how to use the tools will help prevent injuries. The purpose of this lab is to identify the commonly used tools and supplies that can be used in cable installation jobs and learn how to use them safely. Keep in mind that the names of some tools may vary between regions and countries and installers often use nicknames for some tools. Warning: Instructor must be present during this lab. Some of the tools introduced in this lab are dangerous. Before handling each tool, read the section in the lab that corresponds to the tool. The section will review how each tool works and review any safety measures that must be followed.
Required Resources:
URLs:
http://www.du.edu/risk/Tool_Safety.html http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/handsafe/index.htm
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Diagonal cutting pliers, also referred to as side cutters, are used for cutting ISOD (Category 5e) cables and other small to medium copper cables such as 25-pair cable. They can also be used to score the jacket of a cable. These cutting pliers should only be used for cutting copper. Cutting steel wire will dull the blades rapidly. Care should be taken when using side cutters. Besides the obvious hazard of cutting fingers, it is possible to get fingers pinched between the handles. Safety glasses should be worn when using this tool. Bits of cut wire could fly up into the eyes when cutting. Linemans Pliers
Linemans pliers are used for cutting larger copper cables like 25-pair cable. They can also be used for cutting smaller steel cables. Linemans pliers have a large heavy head. The pliers can also be used for pounding. Students should take care not to pinch their fingers or cut themselves when using linemans pliers. As with all cutting tools, safety glasses should be worn.
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The Panduit wire stripper tool is used to remove the outer sheath from twisted pair cable and small coaxial cable. The tool is pulled apart to retract the cutting blade. Cable is inserted into the hole and the installer releases the blade. The tool is spun around the cable one turn. It turns in a clockwise direction for cables with thinner jackets and counter clockwise for cables with thicker jackets. The tool is then spread apart to remove the tool. The jacket can now easily be pulled off. Because this is a cutting tool, safety glasses should be worn when using this tool. Electricians Scissors
Electricians scissors, also known as snips, can be used for cutting twisted pair cable and miscellaneous wire on an installation project. There is sometimes two notches on the back edge of one of the blades. These notches are used to skin insulation from individual conductors. The scissors can also be used for scoring cable jackets. As with other cutting tools, care should be taken not to pinch fingers between the handles or cut fingers. Always wear safety glasses when using snips.
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The pvc cutting tool is used for cutting pvc pipes and is an excellent tool for cutting plastic surface mount raceway. The tool is opened by grasping the handles and pulling them apart. The open jaw of the tool is put over the raceway. As the handles are squeezed, a ratcheting action closes the blade. Repeated squeezing of the handle closes the blade and cuts the raceway. Warning: The blade on the tool is very sharp and the ratcheting action provides a lot of leverage on the blade. Keep fingers out of the jaws of this tool at all times. Safety glasses should be worn when using this tool. Drywall Saw
This is a common tool that is used to cut drywall. The blade of the tool is serrated to rip through the drywall. The end of the blade is very sharp for poking holes in the drywall to start cutting. Always be very careful with this tool because the saw can cut through the wall very quickly. Always wear safety glasses when using this tool and always keep hands and fingers away from the blade
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Utility Knife
The utility knife is used for any number of tasks where a razor blade is needed. The blade on this tool is razor sharp and can create very deep wounds. Always use great care when using this tool to make sure hands and fingers are kept away from the blade. Safety glasses should be worn when using this tool. Only push the blade out when cutting material. As soon as the material has been cut, retract the blade back into the handle. Also, always make sure the blade is locked. Ask the instructor to demonstrate how the blade is ejected, locked, and extracted before handling this tool. Panduit Wire Snipping Tool
The Panduit wire snipper tool is used for cutting excess wire when installing a TX Mini-Jack. The tool will cut copper conductors flush with the termination cap. The wire snipper tool should not be used for cutting twisted pair cables. It is designed for cutting individual conductors only. This tool is very sharp and care should be taken when using it. Remember to be careful of the sharp tips on the blades as well. As with all cutting tools, safety glasses should be worn when using this tool. Which of the above tools can be used for pounding? _____________________________________________________________________ Name the 3 tools above used to cut twisted pair cable. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
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Which 2 of the above tools could be used to cut a 25-pair cable? _____________________________________________________________________ Why would linemans pliers be used to cut steel cables instead of diagonal pliers? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ How many times is the cable stripping tool rotated to remove a cable jacket? _____________________________________________________________________ Which cutting tools require safety glasses when using? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
The single pair punch tool is used for terminating cable pairs on termination blocks and on the back of some types of patch panels. The tool will accept blades used to terminate all of the popular termination blocks and panels. The tool in the lab is equipped for terminating cable pairs on 110 blocks. The blade is reversible. It has a cut position on one side. In this configuration, the tool will punch down a wire and cut off the excess wire in a single motion. The other side of the blade will punch down without cutting. The cutting side is marked on the body of the tool. Blades are removed by twisting the blade counter clockwise and pulling the blade out of the tool. To install the blade, insert it into the tool and twist clockwise. Be careful when using this tool or changing the blades because the small blade on the end can cause cuts. A wire is inserted into its slot in a termination panel. Grasp the tool by the handle. Keeping the tool perpendicular to the block, push the blade over the wire. This is an impact tool. As the handle is pushed, spring tension increases until the tool snaps and releases the energy of the compressed spring. The wire is
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completely seated into its position and the excess wire is cut off. The tool features an adjustable impact setting. Panduit Multipair Punch Tool
The multipair punch tool is used to insert conductors on 110 Blocks. The tool will insert and cut five pair at one time. The tool is also used to terminate three, four, or five 5-pairs of conductors at a time by seating C clips over them after they have been inserted. The multipair punch tool features reversible and replaceable cutting blades. By twisting the head of the tool, a detent is released and the head can be removed from the tool. Cutting blades are slid out from the side of the head. The blades can be installed facing forward for cutting, or facing backward for seating C clips. Be very careful with this tool because it has numerous small blades that can cause cuts. The tool is used in a fashion similar to the single pair punch tool. Up to five pairs are inserted in the block, the tool is placed over the pairs, and the installer pushes on the tool until the energy in the spring is released in a sharp impact. This is a high impact tool and is not suitable for use on the back of patch panels. TX Mini Jack Termination Tool
The TX Mini Jack termination tool is used to press the termination cap into a TX Mini Jack. The termination tool assures a proper and uniform installation of the termination cap into the jack. Describe the difference between the two ends of the blade on the 110 punch tool. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
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How is the blade removed on the multipair punch tool? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ How is the blade removed on the 110 punch tool? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Why does the multipair punch tool have a reversible blade? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Why does the 110 punch tool have a reversible blade? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ What tool is used to terminate a Mini-Jack? _________________________________________________________________ Why cant the multipair punch tool be used at the back of a patch panel? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
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The 8P8C crimp tool (sometimes called an RJ-45 crimp tool) is used for installing 8P8C connectors on the end of a cable. Wires are inserted into the connector following the proper color code. The connector is inserted into the tool until the connector clicks into place. The handles of the tool are squeezed completely until they release. This is a ratcheting tool, so the handles will not return to their full open position until the tool fully closes. Keep fingers out of the open jaws of the tool. There is a release lever between the handles of the tool that will allow the jaws to open without fully closing them. This is a safety feature.
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Lab Objectives:
Network two computers together using a single cable. Network computers together through a 10BaseT hub. Learn how to verify connectivity between the computers.
Overview:
Computers often need to share or exchange information with one another. In order to share or exchange information, they will need to be connected together. If there are only two computers in a network, the computers can be connected directly to one another. To connect more than two computers together, a device known as a hub can be used. All of the computers are plugged into the hub. In the first part of this lab, two PCs will be connected in order to create a network. When two PCs are connected together, this is called a peer-to-peer network. The two PCs (or workstations) will be connected directly to each other using a single cable. Both a straight-through and a crossover cable will be tested to determine the appropriate type of cable to use in this instance. In the second part of the lab, the computers will each be connected to a hub. The computers will be tested to ensure that they can communicate. The type of cables needed to achieve connectivity will be determined when using a 10BaseT hub.
Preparation:
The workstations will each have a network interface card (NIC) with the proper drivers installed. These instructions are based on two PCs using a Windows 9x operating system. Tools and Resources: Two Pentium-based computers with Windows 95 or 98 installed Two ISO-D (Category 5e) crossover cables at least 1m (3 ft) long Two ISO-D (Category 5e) straight-through cables at least 1m (3 ft) long One 10BaseT hub
Additional Materials:
Wiring chart showing T568A and T568B color schemes. The chart will also show transmit and receive designations of the individual pins.
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Examine the wiring chart to identify the pins for transmit and receive for an 8P8C (RJ-45) connector. In order for data communications to take place, the transmit wire pairs must be connected to the receive wire pairs. Are the cables wired correctly? ____________
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Observations
In order for data communication to take place, the transmit wire pairs must be connected to the receive wire pairs. Another way of understanding this concept is to imagine two people having a conversation using telephone handsets. When Ann is speaking, the mouthpiece of her telephone handset transmits her voice to Bills handset receiver. When Bill speaks into the mouthpiece of his telephone, Ann hears Bills voice through her receiver. Communication cannot be achieved if the telephone handset is reversed. When the crossover cable was used without the hub, transmit wires were connected to receive wires and the lights on the NIC were lit. When the straight-through cable was used without the hub, the lights on the NIC did not light up. Why didnt the lights on the NIC illuminate when the straight-through cable was used without the 10BaseT hub? _____________________________________________________________ Why did the lights on the NIC illuminate when the computers were connected together with the straight-through cables and the 10BaseT hub? ______________________________________________________________ NOTE: In telephone systems, wires are identified as TIP and RING, instead of transmit and receive. Unlike data communications, where data always travels from transmit to receive, in voice communications, TIP travels to TIP and RING travels to RING.
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Wiring Diagram
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Objectives:
Learn about troubleshooting tools and equipment. Learn about troubleshooting tool safety.
Overview:
The communications industry uses specialized testing and diagnostic equipment. Familiarity with this equipment will aid the installer in troubleshooting efforts. In this lab, test equipment will be handled and used to generate and listen for tones. There are many different testers that can be used to make basic tests on twisted pair and coaxial cable. The figures and instructions used in this lab may differ from the ones being used in the classroom, but many of the features are the same. Ask the instructor to demonstrate the use of the testers being used, read the instructions that accompany the tool, or visit the manufacturers website to learn how each tool depicted here differs from the tools being used in this lab.
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A cable tester is a battery operated, handheld instrument that identifies cable failures, may measure length, and checks the wiring of cables used for Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) systems. This tool tests for incorrect pairing (split pairs), miswires, shorted and open wires on all twisted pair cables, as well as shorts on coaxial cables.
1. LCD When there is more information than can be displayed on two lines, an up arrow, down arrow, or bi-directional arrow appears on the left side of the display. Press the corresponding arrow key (4) to display the additional information. 2. ENTER Enters a selection into the test tool and moves to the next setup selection. This will cause the current cable selection to be displayed and a new measurement cycle initiated when not in Setup Mode. 3. Light Turns the display backlight on or off. Backlighting turns off automatically after 70 seconds. 4. Arrow Keys Enables the user to scroll through a selection of choices or multiple displays. 5. SETUP Provides access to cable selection, calibration, and other settings.
There are three different tests that can be performed on a cable with this tester: TEST Tests the attached cable and indicates a pass or fail based on the parameters specified for the selected cable. LENGTH Measures the length of coaxial cables and each pair inside twisted pair cable in feet or meters and tests for anomalies.
Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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WIRE MAP Displays wiring connections, shorts, opens, and split pairs.
The setup mode provides the user the ability to select cable characteristics and customize the operation of the test tool. Once changed, these settings are stored and remain in the test tool even when it is turned off. Setup selections that rarely need changing are under a special Power-up menu. Setup allows the user to:
Select cable type (UTP, STP, ScTP, or COAX) Select a wiring type Select a cable level or category Select a wire size Calibrate the test tool to a specific cable Enable or display the Beeper for PASS and FAIL *Adjust the display contrast *Select the display language *Select length measurement units between meters (m) and feet () *Select wire size units between millimeters (mm) and AWG *Set the noise filter for 50 Hz or 60 Hz
* Power-up setup selections on this tester. To make a SETUP selection, do the following 1. Press SETUP. 2. Press ENTER to step through the selections. 3. Press the arrow buttons to select the desired setup condition. 4. Press SETUP to exit the setup mode, or press ENTER to move to the next setup selection. To make a Power-up setup selection, do the following: 1. With the meter OFF, press and hold SETUP while turning the rotary switch to TEST. 2. Press ENTER to step through the selections. 3. Press the arrow keys to select the desired setup condition. 4. Press SETUP to exit the setup mode, or press ENTER to move to the next setup selection. Connect the test tool to inactive cables only. The input circuitry is protected to withstand low voltages, but prolonged connection to active telephone lines and networks may damage the unit.
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The banjo adapter provides access to the cable pairs inside of a completed jack installation without having to remove the wall plate or disassemble the jack. The small modular cable supplied with the banjo adapter is plugged into a modular outlet. The metallic tabs on the banjo adapter are numbered according to the pins on the jack. It is important for the technician to know the wiring standard to use when testing. Pair one will always appear on tabs 4 and 5, pair 2 may appear on tabs 3 and 6 if the T568A wiring scheme is being used, or 1 and 2 if the wiring scheme is T568B. Other test equipment that may not have a modular plug that can be connected to the banjo adapter. Multimeters, tone generators, and telecommunications test sets can access the conductors of twisted pair cable through the use of the banjo adapter.
The dial on the multimeter allows the student to select functions. The basic functions are resistance (ohms), AC volts, and DC volts. Some will allow the student to measure capacitance and amperage as well.
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Since most multimeters use probes to access the wires or contacts instead of a modular cord or plug, the banjo adapter is required to provide access to the wires being tested. Hint: When measuring an open, ask another class member to go to the opposite end of the wire and momentarily put a short on the cable while the multimeter is connected. If this momentary short can be read, the cable pair is good to that end. Do not use the meter or test leads if they appear damaged, or if the meter is not operating properly. Always use proper terminals, switch position, and range for measurements. Verify the meters operation by measuring a known voltage. If in doubt, have the meter serviced. Do not apply more than the rated voltage, as marked on the meter, between terminals or between any terminal and earth ground. Use caution with voltages above 30 V AC rms, 42 V AC peak, or 60 V DC. These voltages pose a shock hazard. To avoid false readings that can lead to electric shock and injury, replace the battery as soon as the low battery indicator appears. Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high-voltage capacitors before testing resistance, continuity, diodes, or capacitance. Do not use the meter around explosive gas or vapor. When using test leads or probes, keep fingers behind the finger guards. Remove test leads from the meter before opening the battery door or the case.
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A common use for the telecommunications test set is to find a tone that is placed on a specific pair of wires. When used with a modular jack, it is usually necessary to use the banjo adapter. Two telecommunications test sets can be used to communicate with one another over a pair of wires without going through a telephone switch. A battery source is required for this. The test set incorporates a standard tone pad for tone dialing. Buttons on the test set include a monitor button, a talk button, and a mute button. Some test sets include a ringer that is built into the test set. With this option, the test set can be called by a telephone or another test set. The test set must be plugged into the public telephone network to use this option. Replace any worn or damaged parts or cords immediately following the manufacturers replacement guidelines in the instruction booklet. Do not perform any maintenance on this device other than what is outlined in the instruction booklet.
A tone and trace tester allows the student to place a tone on a pair of wires and track that tone without metallic contact to the wires or the termination points. Do not open the units or attempt to repair in case of malfunction. Send the units back to the distributor for repair or replacement. Telephone circuit voltages can be hazardous. Never touch the metal of the test leads while the unit is attached to a telephone line. The tester is designed for checking low voltage (less than 48 V dc or 24 V ac only). Do not connect to any high voltage circuits.
What piece of test equipment generates a tone? ________________________________________________________________ What two pieces of test equipment receive a tone? ________________________________________________________________ If the tester shows an open on a cable pair, what can be done to verify that the correct pair is being tested? ________________________________________________________________
30 of 117 Lab Activity: Using Troubleshooting Tools Safely Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Objectives:
Identify the different types of cables used in this course.
Overview:
Level or Category is the term used to distinguish the grades of twisted-pair cables depending on the locale. Each grade is distinguished by the number of wires in the cable, the number of twists of the wires (to reduce interference from other wires), and the speed of data transmission that can be accommodated. This lab will identify several types of copper cables.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will prepare 0.3 m (1 foot) - 0.6 m (2 feet) lengths of each type of cable listed below. Strip off 15 cm (6 inches) of the outer sheathing at one end of the cable so that the construction of the cables can be examined. Notice that there is a minimum and maximum cutting edge on the cable stripping tool. Use the minimum cutting edge to insure that the conductors are not nicked. Make sure a maximum of two 360-degree turns are used with the cable stripping tool to prevent nicking the conductors.
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
Now look at the inside structure of the cable. How many pairs are in the cable? ________________________________ What is used to help identify a particular wire? ___________________________________________________________ Now look at the individual wires. How many strands of copper are within each wire? __________________
Examine the internal construction of the cable. How many pairs are in the cable? ________________________________ How does it differ from an ISO-D or Category 5e UTP cable? ___________________________________________________________ How many layers of shielding does it have? _______________________ How many strands of copper are within each wire? _________________
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Questions
1. Describe the differences between STP and UTP cables. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the differences between ISO-D or Category 5e and ISO-E or Category 6 cables. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
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Objectives:
Review color schemes T568A, T568B, and RJ-45 USOC. Terminate the ends of a Cat5e cable.
Overview:
Bell Telephone established the technique for terminating twisted-pair cabling. This technique, called the Bell Telephone Universal Service Order Code (USOC), logically organizes the wires into a modular plug. Basically, the first pair goes into the center two pins and the other pairs follow from left to right, splitting each pair down the middle. This technique separates the data wire pairs, which if not separated can lead to crosstalk. In this lab, identification, preparation, and termination of ISO-D or Category 5e cable will be learned using the two most popular wiring schemes. The schemes are T568A and T568B.
Preparation:
Each team will need four cables with a minimum length of 1 m (3 feet) each.
Additional Materials:
USOC wiring schematic
URLs:
http://www.panduit.com/ http://www.tiaonline.org/
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Safety:
Follow work area safety precautions, tool safety, and personal safety guidelines from previous labs. Wear safety glasses at all times during this lab. Working with sharp tools can cause deep cuts. Ensure that the lab has a first aid kit available for emergencies.
Using the wire prep tool, insert the conductors individually in the proper sequence using the T568B wiring scheme. Note: Insert pins 1 and 2 (White/ Orange and Orange) first.
Pull the conductors until the cable jacket is against the conductor retention slot.
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Trim the conductors flush with the wire snipping tool or snips.
Remove the cable from the conductor retention slot but keep the conductors held in position by pinching the thumb and forefinger at the end of the cable jacket.
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Note: Shown here is a diagram of an 8P8C jack. Notice that the plug will fit with the key toward the bottom of the jack. Positioning the plug with the key pointed away from you when inserting the conductors will ensure that pin one will start on the left and proceed to pin eight on the right. Terminate one side of the cable using the T568A wiring scheme.
Apply a slight downward pressure as the conductors are inserted. Apply slight pressure until they are fully inserted and under the plug contacts at the top of the plug. 1. Place the plug into the die of the crimp tool until the key clicks into it. 2. Complete the termination by closing the handles fully and then releasing them.
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Use the T568B scheme on the other end of the cable. Once both ends of the cable have been completed, have a team member review the color schemes to ensure that the plugs are correctly terminated.
If none of the previous factors apply, either T568A or T568B may be used. It is important to ensure that the workstation connectors and the patch panels are wired to the same scheme.
Step 6 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored, and that all trash and debris has been removed from the work area.
USOC Schematic
RJ-45 USOC Schematic Pin# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 Pair# 4 3 2 Wire Color White/Brown Green White/Orange Blue White/Blue Orange White/Green Brown
USOC is an old scheme used for voice cabling. For phones with one or two lines (which use pins 4/5 and 3/6), T568A or T568B will work just as well as USOC. However, for Ethernet (pins 1/2 and 3/6), USOC will not work. An Ethernet NIC trying to transmit on pins 1/2 will not work because 1/2 is not a pair (they are not the same color and not twisted together). The USOC code is common in the termination of E1 and T1 circuits.
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Objectives:
Use proper safety procedures when using cabling tools and securing the work area. Fan out a 25-pair UTP cable onto a 110 block using the standard colorcode. Place and terminate wires into termination points.
Overview:
Cable color-coding is a skill that needs to be mastered in order to perform accurate work in a timely manner. The 25-pair color code is the building block that will allow mastering of color codes for larger, higher pair-count cables. This lab fans out a 25-pair of UTP onto a 110 block. The cable will be fanned out and punched in the proper color code order. The instructor or lab assistant will punch down the first five pairs. Observe this process and complete the punch down for the remainder of the cable.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will cut a 1-2 m (3-6 feet) piece of 25-pair cable for each team. After the lab has been completed, cut off the unsheathed cable so it can be used again with other labs. At the top of this sheet the instructor or lab assistant will then indicate which wall and block will be used in this exercise.
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Additional Materials:
Color-coding 25-Pair Cable Lab Schematic on the last two pages of this lab.
URL:
http://www.cabling-design.com/references/colorcodes/25pair.shtml
Step 1 Safety
Safety glasses should be worn when working with any cutting tools. In addition, the 110 punch tool has a very sharp blade that cuts the wire when terminating. Be very careful not to cut anyone when using this tool.
What is the tip color? _____________ What is the ring color? _____________ What are the colors of pair 17? ______________________________________ What is the tip color? _____________ What is the ring color? _____________
Step 10 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris from the work area.
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Lab Schematic
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The first group color is white. tip first pair second pair third pair forth pair fifth pair white white white white white ring blue orange green brown slate
This makes one group, or 10 wires, or five pairs. The second group color is red: tip first pair second pair third pair fourth pair fifth pair red red red red red ring blue orange green brown slate
The third group color is black: tip first pair second pair third pair fourth pair fifth pair black black black black black ring blue orange green brown slate
The fourth group color is yellow: tip first pair second pair third pair fourth pair fifth pair yellow yellow yellow yellow yellow ring blue orange green brown slate
The fifth group color is violet: tip first pair second pair third pair fourth pair fifth pair violet violet violet violet violet ring blue orange green brown slate
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Objectives:
Identify entrance facility and intermediate telecommunications rooms Identify riser system (if present) Identify main cross-connect and intermediate cross-connect
Overview:
A tour will be given of the telecommunications rooms in the building. This provides an opportunity to view riser-rated cables, grounding systems, and a complete termination and distribution system. Particular attention will be paid to bonding and grounding systems, lightning protection, cross-connects, termination blocks, and riser systems.
Preparation:
Obtain permission to see telecommunication rooms. Arrange time to tour facility. Follow any safety precautions indicated by the instructor.
Additional Materials:
Observations chart at the end of this lab
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Using the chart below, identify items that were found in the telecommunications room.
Telecommunications Room Location of the room Grounding system Estimated size in square meters or feet Door swing Door security Ceiling type Wall type Floor covering Electrical outlets Electrical switches Lighting Fire stop Color coding of termination system Type of termination system Water pipes Demarc present?
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Objectives:
Create twisted pair crossover and rollover cables. Create a straight-through adapter cable. Test and troubleshoot cables.
Overview:
In this lab, several types of common cables will be built utilizing IDC type terminations. All cables will be tested once they have been terminated. This is a good exercise to show how cables are terminated, the pinouts of the different types of cables, and the different color schemes. Normally, patch cords are not field terminated. Therefore, it is usually unacceptable to create patch cables for use in a structured cabling infrastructure. The reason for this is that the cable has not been certified. Special certification meters are used in the manufacturing process to ensure that the cable is capable of transmitting quality signals with minimal interference, not only through the cable, but through the hardware that terminated the cable as well.
URLs:
http://www.panduit.com http://www.flukenetworks.com
Safety:
Wear safety glasses for the duration of the lab.
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Note
Be careful that fingers do not get caught in a crimp tool. Many crimp tools will not release until the tool has completed the termination process.
Separate the twisted pairs from each other without untwisting the pairs. Pull the wire pairs to set their positions. Use the T568B color scheme when terminating this jack.
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Gather the twisted pairs and insert them into the cap.
Push the cable jacket until the jacket end is located under the label
Untwist the pairs, one at a time starting with the outside pairs, and place them into the correct slots. It is very important to untwist each pair only as far as required to place the conductors in the correct slots.
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Trim each conductor flush with the cap with the wire snipping tool. Be sure that all of the conductors are still seated in their slots.
Slide the front of the Mini-Jack into the backing, making sure that it is straight.
Use the Mini-Jack tool to press the two pieces together until they snap. The cable has now been terminated. Test the cable with the cable meter. If the cable fails the test, find which end has the problem, re-terminate it, and test the cable again.
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Once the testing of this cable is complete, mark it with an X to show that it is a crossover cable.
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Pair 1 2 3 4
Colors White /Blue and Blue Orange and White /Orange Green and White /Green Brown and White /Brown
Terminate the ends of the cable following the pinouts above. Once the testing of this cable is complete, mark it with an R to show it is a rollover cable. TIP: Creating a rollover cable is easy. The key is to use the same color code for each end but create the first plug with the key facing the floor. Create the other end of the cable with the key facing away from the floor.
Step 5 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris. Store the cables for use in future labs.
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Objectives:
Learn the importance of group participation and working effectively with others.
Overview:
Working effectively with others involves respecting co-workers by tolerating their differences and being sensitive to their opinions, beliefs, and cultures. The student will probably be a member of a cable installation team where at least a few of the installers might have a different way of doing things. There is not always a right way or a wrong way to complete tasks. One secret to working effectively in groups is to realize that not all people are the same, but that everyone has something to give. It is good to recognize that people can be different and still work toward common goals. In this lab, a few techniques that encourage and enable everyone to participate in a group discussion will be learned. In addition, a quick personality profile test will be taken. There are no right or wrong answers. When everyone is finished, the instructor will create a pie chart showing the percentages of people in the class with each personality type.
Preparation:
Divide the class into groups if possible.
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Name
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Step 4 Conclusions
Workplace diversity is absolutely necessary because not everyone has the same opinions or ideas. This diversity assures that, as a group, obstacles can be overcome and the best solutions can be achieved. In order for people to work together as a group, diversity must be overcome, people must adapt to different situations and ideas, and each person must be considerate of all others. Decide as a group what the best solution is to the problem posed. The discussion should be civil. No one should be made to feel that an opinion is wrong. Make sure everyone basically agrees with the conclusion. If there is a disagreement as to the best idea, take a vote. Write and explain the conclusion in the following area:
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Personality Test
Turn on a web browser and go to http://www.insightlearning.com/. Click on Free Test button. Click on Personality Test. Take the simple personality test. Do not discuss your test with anyone else. On a piece of paper, write down the result, but do not put a name on the piece of paper. The instructor will collect all the papers, tabulate the results, and create a pie chart on the board that shows the breakdown of the class. This shows that people are different. It does not mean that one personality type is better than another. Keeping in mind that individuals have differences and that these need to be respected will create a workplace environment that encourages individuals to express their ideas.
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Lab Objectives:
Analyze building blueprints or floor plans. Identify key locations on floor plans or blueprints.
Overview:
Blueprints and floor plans of buildings can be very useful when determining the cabling requirements for a business. Blueprints will define cable termination locations and wiring closets, but may not always detail the wire route between these endpoints. It is often left up to the installer to locate the most practical route that meets all building codes. Planning and preparation is one of the most important aspects in a cabling job. Blueprints or floor plans can help you determine optimal routes for cables. This lab will guide you through identifying locations for pulling cables and telecommunications rooms using blueprints or floor plans.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will provide a blueprint or floor plan of a building or office and a sheet of telecommunications symbols that are typically used on blueprints.
Materials:
Tape measure or ruler
Optional Materials:
Colored labels or pens
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Objectives:
Learn to read rack diagrams. Create a rack diagram of the lab rack.
Overview:
Knowing how to read a rack diagram is essential for installing wire management or equipment in a relay rack. In this lab, an example is given of relay racks with equipment installed. This will provide the opportunity to see how racks are designed, how to sketch a diagram of a rack, and how to select the rack with the appropriate height and width to accommodate the equipment that will be used. Note: There are several software programs that allow you to draw rack diagrams. These programs include Visio, AutoCAD, and Adobe Illustrator.
Additional Materials:
Empty relay rack diagram provided
Rack Diagrams
Study the following diagram. It indicates measurements that will assist in gauging the amount of equipment that can fit in a rack. It also shows the positions of the equipment. On the left side, the rack is measured by feet to indicate usable space. On the right side, the rack is measured by Rack Units (RUs) to indicate mounting spaces. One RU is equal to 4.45 cm (1.75 inches). Equipment typically mounts to the rack using mounting brackets that measure a certain number of RUs. Screws are threaded through the equipments mounting brackets and into the rack. There are two widely used rack widths available: 19 inches (generally for data communications) and 23 inches (generally for telecommunications).
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Complete the spreadsheet for equipment found on the lab rack. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Description Quantity Width Height Depth Weight Power Y or N
Using the diagram on the following page, sketch in all of the equipment found on the lab rack
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70
} 40 35
1.00"
(70.00")
(61.25")
50 30 40 79.00" 20 3
0
(52.50")
25
(43.75")
(35.00")
15 20 10 5
1 0
(26.25")
(17.50")
10
0
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Objectives:
Use several different methods to locate a stud inside of a wall. Cut a hole in drywall and mount a wallboard adapter. Fish a pull string behind the wall.
Overview:
There are different ways to run cable inside of rooms and between buildings. Running cable inside of walls can be difficult and more time-consuming than surface mounting. This lab will focus on one consideration for running cable inside of a wall, such as the different ways to locate a stud inside of a wall. Studs must be located before cutting holes in sheetrock. Outlets cannot be mounted on a stud. Wallboard adapters require an open space behind the drywall.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will create one or more guidelines down the sheetrock before the start of the lab. From the right or left edge, depending upon the side of the lab wall being faced, start at the bottom of the wall measuring 46 cm (18 inches) up and 22 cm (8.5 inches) over. Place a small X at this location. This will indicate the point at which the first outlet will be installed. Continue this process of putting Xs every 30 cm (12 inches) until the top of the wall is reached. After reaching the top of the wall, connect all the Xs to provide a guideline to work with. To accommodate up to 20 students, another centerline must be made 11.5 cm (4.5 inches) from the end of the lab wall.
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Assure that a 2.5cm (1 inch) hole has been drilled in the top plate of the lab wall for each column of wallboard adapters. This will be used to fish a pull string down the open wall.
The exact tools, supplies, and procedures required for running cable inside of walls will vary depending upon a number of factors such as the type of wall material, whether the room is under construction or finished, and whether the cable will be run from above or below the wall. Wall construction will probably vary from building to building and maybe even from room to room. Therefore, it is important to review the blueprints and other information available about the room in which cable is being run before installation. This will help determine which tools and supplies will be needed. It will also ensure quality installation in a safe and timely manner. The lab wall to be used in this lab is made of gypsum/sheet rock and wood. Walls of this nature will usually have 5 cm (2 in) x 10 cm (4 in) vertical wooden supports called studs. Studs are normally installed 41 cm (16 inches) on center. Cables must be run between these studs therefore, the studs need to be located before cables can be run. There are several ways to locate a stud inside of a wall: Physical inspection Physical tapping Using a stud finder
Drill and drill bits Stud finder Pencil Pen or marker Tape measure or ruler Lab wall (gypsum / sheet rock) Wallboard adapters (one for each student) Safety glasses Level
Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Drywall saw Vacuum cleaner Ladder Pull string Scissors Screwdriver Gloves Nut or screw
Safety:
It is very important that this lab be supervised. Using a tool such as the drywall saw can be very dangerous and should not be attempted without instructor supervision. This lab should only be performed in the classroom at the lab wall. Do not attempt these procedures at any other location. Safety glasses will be worn at all times during this lab and gloves will be worn by anyone using the drywall saw. Do not handle the drywall saw unless you are wearing the gloves and are ready to cut the drywall. The drywall saw should be returned to its place or to the instructor whenever it is not being used.
Step 3 Tapping
Another way to locate studs inside of a wall is through tapping. Knuckles can be used to carefully and lightly tap the wall while moving horizontally across the wall.
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Areas in which there is no stud present will sound hollow. The sound will be more solid where a stud is present.
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When cutting walls on an actual job, there will most likely be another wall behind the one being cut. This wall is attached to the other side of the stud and is a wall for another room. Be very careful that this wall is not cut while cutting the wall being worked on.
Step 11 Clean Up
Assure that all tools are properly stored, and that all trash and debris is removed from the work area. Use the vacuum cleaner to remove the dust from cutting the wall.
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Objectives:
Examine surface mount raceways, elbow fittings, boxes, and jacks. Install surface mount raceway. Install surface mount raceway fittings. Use the raceway cutting tool safely.
Overview:
Surface mount raceways are used when exposed cabling is not allowed and where there is no other raceway or path available. Surface mount raceways come in a variety of sizes to handle different quantities of cable. The cover of surface mount raceway can be opened, even after installation, to ease the installation of cables. Obstructions may be encountered when running raceway. Special fittings allow 90-degree turns and offsets to be made to avoid or cross obstructions. This lab will show how to cut and mount a raceway. A raceway will be mounted that incorporates a 90-degree turn and crosses an offset.
Additional Materials:
Raceway installation schematic in this lab Raceway fittings documentation included with raceway fittings
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
69 of 118 Lab Activity: Installing Surface Mount Raceways Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
the raceway. There is no need to attach the fittings to the wall as they mount to the raceway itself. Begin by mounting the base of the surface mount jack 46 cm (18 inches) from the end of the wall. The jack should mount approximately 38 cm (15 inches) up from the floor. Other lab teams will mount their boxes next to the first box, keeping a spacing of approximately 2 cm (1 inch). Left Lab Wall Right Lab Wall
Use a pencil or marking pen to make a mark on the wall that is 10 cm (4 inches) below the row of 110 blocks, directly above the jack. Use a level and a pencil or marking pen to draw a line to the corner of the lab wall, beginning at the mark. This will be the horizontal run of the raceway. Other lab teams will run raceway 5 cm (2 inches) below the first and maintain 5 cm (2 inch) spacing between raceways. Run the raceway from the top of the jack. Measure and cut appropriate length pieces of raceway as needed. Use the level to make sure the raceway is level and plumb. Select the proper fittings to make turns and offsets. End the raceway 6 cm (3 inches) from the corner of the lab wall. Do the raceway fittings need to be removed to place cable through this raceway? ___________ Do all of the raceways need to be opened to install cable in the raceway? ___________ How many twisted pair cables will fit in this raceway?___________ Can plenum rated and non-plenum rated cables be mixed in this raceway? ___________ Why or why not? _________________________________________________________________
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Objectives:
Run multiple cables in a raceway. Run multiple cables along ladder rack. Terminate the cables. Patch a tone from one jack to another.
Overview:
In this lab, four Category 5e cables will be run through the raceway mounted on the lab wall in the previous lab. If the lab wall is equipped with a ladder rack the cables will run up the wall to the ladder rack, run across the ladder rack to the relay rack, and terminate on the patch panel. If a single lab wall is used, the cables will run along the top of the ladder rack to the telecommunications rack. Four Mini-Jacks will then be installed in the surface mount box at the end of the raceway. A tone will be placed on the first jack and, using the patch panel, this tone will be patched into other cables to show up on the other jacks.
URLs:
http://www.panduitncg.com/Fill_capacity_calculator/pan-way_fillcalc.asp http://www.panduitncg.com/Fill_capacity_table/pan-way_filltable.asp
Safety:
Make sure to wear safety glasses for the duration of the lab.
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Step 6 Clean Up
Put away all tools and supplies used in the lab. Remove any trash and debris from the work area.
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Objectives:
Pull cables through vertical conduit. Place cables through cable management. Install cables on the ladder rack if available. Install cables in a modular patch panel. Install Mini-Jacks in an outlet faceplate.
Overview:
Some cabling installations require installers to pull cable through a conduit. Cable must be pulled through this conduit in such a way that the cable does not become damaged. Some installations require installers to pull cables across a ladder rack or through D-rings. This lab will provide students the opportunity to pull cables through these systems. Conduits protect the cables in a cable plant and provide an easy, organized way to manage cable installations. Other cable management devices like D-rings and ladder racks are meant to support cables and keep cables neat and orderly when the run is exposed. Individual conduits can contain more than one twisted pair cable. Face plates are made that will accommodate more than one jack. In this lab, a cable will be pulled through a vertical conduit, run through D-rings at the top of the lab wall, and run along a ladder rack. If a single lab wall is used, cables will run through the conduit and along the top of the lab wall through the D rings. The cable will be terminated at each end in a Panduit Mini-Com TX-5e Module (Mini-Jack). At the equipment rack, the Mini-Jack will be snapped into a modular patch panel. At the wall outlet, the Mini-Jack will be snapped into a 10-port dual gang faceplate. Each conduit will contain a cable placed by each student.
One box of ISO-D or Category 5e cable for each side of the lab wall Pull string Electrical tape Hook and loop cable ties Two Mini-Jacks (per team) One 10-port dual gang faceplate (per lab wall) Wire snipping tool Cable Meter
Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
URL:
http://www.corningcablesystems.com/web/privnet/webapp.nsf/fillratio
Safety:
Safety glasses should be worn when cutting tools are used. This lab will require a ladder. Ladder safety precautions should be observed. Use work area safety barriers such as traffic cones or warning tape.
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Step 5 Clean Up
Put away all of the tools used in this lab and remove all of the trash and debris from the work area. Remove the cables that were installed in this lab and save them for future use.
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Objectives:
Dress cable bundles on the wall field, on a ladder rack (if equipped), and on the relay rack. Demonstrate correct cable management at all locations.
Overview:
Dressing cables is necessary for a neat and professional looking installation. Keeping cables neat and orderly helps keep them manageable for maintenance or future installations. Nylon cable ties or hook and loop cable ties are used to secure the cables and to bundle them. When cables are routed and dressed, there should be no tangles between the individual cables. Although distribution cables will vary in length depending upon their point of termination, within the routing bundle, the cables should be run smooth and straight and be approximately the same length. No cable should be pulled tighter than another, and no cable should have more slack than another in the bundle. Bundles of dressed cables should have enough slack to allow the installer to pull check cables to determine where a cable is routed within a bundle and where it is going or use a toning probe for identifying cables and for technicians to access them in the future for maintenance. Remember that cables must not be pulled around sharp bends. When using nylon cable ties, care must be taken not to over-tighten them, as this will disturb the architecture of the cable and could affect the transmission characteristics of the cables.
Preparation:
The cables attached to the ladder rack should be unbundled and untied before the start of this lab. If a single lab wall is used, cables run through the D rings should be unbundled and untied. The instructor or lab assistant will rearrange the cables as much as possible to simulate a messy installation.
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
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Safety:
Always use caution when using any cutting tool. Wear safety glasses when cutting nylon cable ties.
Step 4 Clean Up
Use the diagonal cutters to cut off the ends of the nylon cable ties in order to create a neat appearance. Make sure that all the tools used in this lab are properly stored and that all trash and debris has been removed from the work area.
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Objectives:
Learn how to correctly label cables using the Panduit Label Dispenser.
Overview:
Individual cables are labeled in a number of places. At the workstation end, a label is applied 15 cm (a few inches) from the jack. Some installers also label the cable in various places along the pull. The cable is also labeled near the point of termination with the same label. This allows an installer to easily identify a cable. Each cable in a structured cabling infrastructure should have a unique identifier and the same labeling scheme is followed throughout the entire cable plant. During this lab, ensure that each cable receives the correct label. Each label must meet ALL of the following criteria for this lab: 1. When a cable runs from the wall field to the relay rack, the label will reference the wall field termination first. 2. When a cable runs from one patch panel to another, the label will reference the patch panel termination with the lowest alphanumeric value first. This rule also applies to cables running from one rack to another or one wall field to another. 3. A 4-pair cable terminated in the wallfield will be referred to by the row and position on the block where it is terminated. 4. A 4-pair cable terminated on a patch panel will be referred to by the row on the relay rack and position on the patch panel where it is terminated. 5. A 25-pair cable will be referred to by its assigned cable count. 1-25, 26-50, 51-75 etc. 6. Each cable will have the same label at both ends. Examples: These examples are based on a double-wall lab. Single-wall lab labeling will be slightly different.
B2-3-4:BB-3-17
This is a 4-pair cable with its origin in telecommunications room B, block 2, row 3, position 4 going to telecommunications room B, relay rack B, row 3, position 17.
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A4-51-75:AA-4-51-75
This is a 25 pair cable with its origin in telecommunications room A, block 4, position 51-75 going to telecommunications room A, relay rack A, row 4, position 51-75.
AA-2-9:BB-1-22
This is a 4 pair cable with its origin in telecommunications room A, relay rack A, row 2, position 9 going to telecommunications room B, relay rack B, row 1, position 22.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will remove the labels from the cables on the lab walls and relay racks before this lab begins.
Panduit label dispenser Roll of labels for the dispenser Permanent marking pen
URL:
http://www.nordx.com/public/htmen/pdf/2060.pdf
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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(This will be the third character on the cable label. If this is a 25-pair cable, this character will be the termination position not the row. This character will be followed by a dash.) D. In which position is this cable terminated? _________________________________________________________________ (This will be the final character in the origin of the label. A colon (:) will follow this character to indicate that the destination is referenced next on the label.) Repeat Step 1 (questions A-D) for the destination of the cable. Fill in the blanks below to record the final label. Remember to reference rules from the overview section of this lab when filling in the blanks.
Step 5 Documentation
Use the examples in the overview section of this lab to document and explain each label completed in this lab.
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Step 4 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris. Once the instructor has checked all of the labels, remove them for the next group. The last group will not remove the labels.
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Objectives:
Fan out a 25-pair UTP cable onto a 110 block using the standard colorcode. Place wires in termination points. Punch the wires down with the multi-pair punch tool or single-pair punch tool. Terminate wires using C5 clips with the multi-pair punch tool. Test the cable using a cable meter and two RJ-45 to 110 adapter cables.
Overview:
Cable color-coding is a skill that needs to be mastered in order to perform accurate work in a timely manner. Neatness is essential when handling multi-pair cables. This lab will reinforce the 25-pair color code and build proficiency in punching down and terminating 25-pair cables. C clips are used to complete the connection of the punch down. C clips come in 3-pair, 4-pair and 5-pair versions. 5-pair, or C5 clips, are generally used for terminating 25-pair cable. 4-pair clips are usually used for four-pair cables. 3pair clips are generally used for Category 3 (voice) cable. The multi-pair punch tool can be used to simultaneously punch and cut five pairs at one time. Either the single-pair punch tool or the multi-pair punch tool can be used for punching down the wires on a 110 block. The C5 clip must be installed using the multi-pair punch tool. Note: There are 25 positions for pairs of wires on each row of a 110 block. All are used when punching down a 25-pair cable. Only 24 are used when punching down 4-pair cables. During this lab, 25-pair UTP cable will be positioned onto a 110 connection block and punched down. Testing the cable after punch down will verify the accuracy of the punch down. The pairs will be punched down and terminated. The C clips will also be removed in this lab.
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The 5-pair multi-punch tool is a high impact tool that is not suitable for use on patch panels that use a printed circuit board. The tool can be used to seat and cut cables and terminate wires with C clips. The cutting blades are reversible and replaceable. To remove or reverse cutting blades, twist the head of the tool until the detent position is released. Remove the head from the handle. The components of the head can now be slid apart. Notice: If the blades are installed facing forward, the tool will cut. If the blades are installed facing the rear, the tool will punch but not cut. The tool is used at a 90-degree angle to the block when seating C clips. When punching and cutting, it is sometimes helpful to hold the tool at a slight angle towards the blades to insure that the wires are cut.
Single Wire punch tool The Single wire punch tool has reversible and interchangeable blades. Twisting the blade 1/4 turn can remove the blades. One end of the blade will cut and punch, the other end will only punch. The blade is re-inserted into the tool and twisted to lock it into place. The tool has an adjustable impact setting. The high impact setting is used when punching wires. Spare blades can be stored in the handle of the tool.
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Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will cut a 1.5 meter (4 foot) piece of 25-pair cable for each pair of teams. One team will work with one end of the cable while another team will work with the other end.
Additional Materials:
URLs: www.panduit.com
Safety
Safety glasses should always be worn when using cutting tools.
What are all of the tip colors? _________________________________________________________________ What are all of the ring colors? _________________________________________________________________
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Step 5 Inspection
Carefully inspect the placement of the wires for accuracy and neatness. At this point, the wires can still be removed and correctly punched down if there has been a mistake made using a minimum of extra time. Once the pairs have been terminated with C5 clips, fixing a color code mistake will take too much extra time.
Step 6 Terminate
Place the C5 clips over the inserted wires. Be careful not to install the clips upside down in error. Make sure to seat the C5 clips with the imprinted color code in the proper order. The color blue should be to the left. Place the head of the multi punch tool over the clip. Push on the tool until the impact seats the C5 clip. Terminate all 25 wires on the block using C5 clips.
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Fill in the chart below with the results. Pairs 1-4 5-8 9-12 13-16 17-20 21-24 25 Note: In order to test pair 25, install the adapters on pairs 22-25 and record only the data for the last pair (25). TEST (PASS/FAIL) Type of Problem
Step 8 Cleanup
Remove the C5 clips. Remove the punched down cable pairs. Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris from the work area. Save the 25-pair cable for use in future labs, or for other classes. Is it better to route the cable before or after the sheath is removed? _______________________________________________________________ Why? _______________________________________________________________ How is splitting pairs avoided? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
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Lab Objectives:
Practice proper safety procedures when using cabling tools. Use the T568B color scheme when terminating twisted pair cable on a modular jack at a wall outlet and at the patch panel.
Overview:
Wall outlets provide a neat and orderly access point for the cable installed in the wall or raceway. Jacks terminate the cable, and the faceplate provides the finishing touch. A modular patch panel allows the termination of the cable with the same MiniJack module used in a wall outlet. To provide connectivity in the structured cable system infrastructure, the installer must be able to terminate twisted pair cable at wall outlets. This lab will simulate cable being drawn through an open wall to an outlet where it will be attached to a Mini-Jack connector. This creates an 8P8C (RJ-45) jack to provide a simple way of connecting devices in different locations. The other end of the cable will have an RJ45 Mini-Jack installed and snapped into the modular patch panel.
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URL:
http://www.panduit.com
Safety:
Safety glasses should always be worn when cutting tools are used.
Separate the twisted pairs from each other without untwisting the pairs. Pull the wires pairs to set their positions. Use the T568B color scheme when terminating this jack.
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Gather the twisted pairs and insert them into the cap.
Push the cable jacket until the jacket end is located under the label
Untwist the pairs, one at a time starting with the outside pairs, and place them into the correct slots. It is very important to untwist each pair only as far as required to place the conductors in the correct slots.
Trim each conductor flush with the cap with the wire snipping tool. Be sure that all of the conductors are still seated in their slots.
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Slide the front of the Mini-Jack into the backing, making sure that it is straight.
Use the Mini-Jack tool to press the two pieces together until they snap. The cable has now been terminated. Snap the jack module into a faceplate and install the faceplate. Use a level to make sure the faceplate is straight.
Step 8 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris from the work area.
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Objectives:
Terminate ISO-D or Category 5e cable to a 110-type termination block. Properly use a 110 punch-down tool and 110 multipunch tool.
Overview:
In order to prepare cross-connect blocks, the installer must be able to properly punch-down a 110 block. It is important that each punch-down is executed correctly to ensure proper connectivity. A 110 punch-down block is a device used to terminate wires in a common place. Wires from internal data networks and telephones are collected in the block. Wires from outside the building are collected in a separate block. These two blocks provide a way to connect the two collections of wires in order to supply connectivity from external sources to the desktop. This system of wire management keeps the wires organized and allows for quick changes.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will designate the location of the punch-down indicating the row (1-4) and position (1-6) on the block.
Required Resources:
110 punch block 1 m (3 feet) of ISO-D or Category 5e UTP cable Label dispenser and permanent marking pen 110 C-4 connectors Copper strip tool Impact tool with 110 cutting blade 110 multipunch tool Pliers
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
Safety:
Safety glasses should be worn when using cutting tools. Use caution when using impact tools because they have sharp blades.
96 of 117 Lab Activity: Terminating Twisted Pair Cable to a 110 Block Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Determine the position on the 110 block that will be used to terminate the cable. Since a four-pair cable is being used, positions are determined by counting four pairs from the left end of the block. For example, position 1 would be the first four pairs, position 2 would be the second four pairs, and so on. Label the cable with respect to its position on the block. If the plan is to terminate the cable on position 3, use the labeler and pen to number the cable #3. Now that the cable has a unique label, the sheathing will need to be removed without causing any damage to the conductors.
A C-4 connector is used for four-pair cables. The C-4 connector is used to make the actual connection to the conductors. Place the C-4 connector over the wires punched down, being sure to match the color-coding correctly. Position the 110 multipunch tool over the C-4 connector. The multipunch tool is used to seat the C-4 connector. Press firmly on the multipunch tool until it clicks. This will ensure that the C-4 connector has been attached correctly and the wire has been properly terminated.
Step 6 Inspection
Look carefully at the punched down cable. Approximate the length of the wires that are untwisted? _________________________________________________________________ What is the maximum allowable untwist length? _________________________ How much of the pairs are exposed? __________________________________ How many twisted pair cables can be terminated in a single row of a 110 block? _________________________________________________________________
Step 7 Clean Up
Remove the C-4 connector that was installed by using a pair of pliers to grasp the clip and pull it slightly down and then to one side. Make sure all tools are properly stored and that all trash and debris has been removed from the work area.
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Lab Objectives:
Terminate an ISO-D or Category 5e cable on a patch panel. Proper use of the 110 punch-down tool. Proper use of the cable stripper.
Overview:
In order to cross-connect patch panels, wires must be properly punched down on each patch panel. It is important to ensure that each punch-down is executed correctly to ensure proper connectivity. A patch panel is a device that is used to terminate wires in a central location. Cables from local data and voice networks are collected in one patch panel, and cables from the outside are collected in a separate panel. These two panels connect together with a patch cord to connect the two collections of wires in order to supply connectivity from outside the building all the way to the desktop. This system of wire management allows for organization and quick changes. In this lab, a twisted pair cable will be terminated on a patch panel. The other end of the cable will be terminated on a 110 connection block and a 110 to RJ-45 adapter cable will be used. Students will test the cable they installed.
Preparation:
The instructor or lab assistant will designate the location of the punch-down for each student at the top of this sheet indicating the rack, row, and position on the patch panel.
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
99 of 117 Lab Activity: Terminating a Twisted Pair Cable at a Patch Panel Copyright 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Safety:
Remember to always wear safety glasses when punching down wires. Always be conscious of the task being performed to avoid accidental cuts or other injuries.
When terminating cables that come from the left, terminate position four first. When terminating cables that come from the right, terminate position one first. This will add some extra strength to the termination should the cable be pulled upon, because each termination will be pulled with the same amount of force.
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used for this application. The impact tool should be set on the lo setting. Never use the multipunch tool when terminating on a patch panel. Position the impact tool over the wire with the blade facing toward the end of the wire and press firmly on the impact tool until it clicks. Do not hit the tool with the hand to punch down the wires. With the impact tool set to lo, it may be necessary to punch the wire two or three times to insure a proper termination. Follow steps 2 and 3 for the other wire. Gently remove the excess wire. Repeat this step for each pair of wires.
Snap the adapter over the installed C4 clip. Using the cable meter, test the cable between the patch panel and the 110 connection block. Will this cable test as a straight cable, or a cross over cable? _________________________________________________________________ Explain why. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Step 6 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored. Remove all trash and debris.
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Lab Activity: Cross Connecting Punch Down Panels and 110-Punch Blocks
Estimated Time: 60 minutes Number of Team Members: two to four
Objectives:
Learn the differences between cross-connecting and patching. Learn how to cross connect. Learn how to patch.
Overview:
To provide services to user outlets or jacks, these services must be connected in the telecommunications room (TR) at the main cross-connect (MC) and sometimes in an intermediate cross-connect (IC). A live signal is brought to the horizontal cable run and eventually a workstation by cross-connecting or patching cables together in a TR. The methods of connection are crossconnecting, patching, or a combination of both. In this lab, two twisted pair cables will be terminated in Mini-Jack modules to create jack installations. Wires will be cross connected to ports on a patch panel. The ports on the patch panel will be patched to create a connection between the two jacks. This connection will then be tested.
Additional Materials:
Cross-connect wiring diagram at the end of this lab.
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Lab Activity: Cross Connecting Punch Down Panels and 110-Punch Blocks
URLs:
http://www.panduit.com
Safety:
Always wear safety glasses when using cutting tools to protect the eyes. Be very careful when using the scissors or a wire snipping tool because these tools are extremely sharp and can cause deep cuts.
Terminate a second cross connect wire from the jack on A2 or B2-1-2 to A4 or B4-1-16 and 17. Adhere to the same color code as in Step 3.
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Lab Activity: Cross Connecting Punch Down Panels and 110-Punch Blocks
Step 7 Patching
Plug a straight-through patch cable from AA or BB-1-16 to AA or BB- 2-16.
Step 9 Clean Up
Each team will remove the cables and the cross connects installed in this lab. Cables must be trimmed for use by the next group. The Mini-Jack housing must be taken apart and cleaned of any bits of wire for the next group to use. Do not remove the final teams cross-connects or jacks. Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris. Explain the path that the tone takes. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ If the telephone test set was clipped to tabs 3 and 6 on the banjo adapter, would a tone still be heard? _________________________ What could be done to hear the tone if the telephone test set was clipped to tabs 3 and 6 of the banjo adapter? _________________________________________________________________
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Lab Activity: Cross Connecting Punch Down Panels and 110-Punch Blocks
Objectives:
Use a tone generator and amplified probe to follow cables. Use a Banjo adapter. Identify the individual cables in a cable bundle.
Overview:
It is often necessary to identify a single cable within a bundle. It is not efficient or advisable to make actual metallic contact with every cable while looking for a specific cable. The Tone and Trace tool set allows the installer to place a tone on a single pair of wires in a specific cable. Through the use of a special probe, the installer can follow the tone without actually touching any of the copper conductors in any of the cables. The tone generator is used to place an audible tone on a specific pair of wires. When using a special cable on the tone generator, a tone can be placed on one pair (usually pair 1) of a cable by plugging the tone generator into a jack. It is sometimes necessary to place a tone on a different pair of wires within a cable. Using the banjo adapter and clips on some tone generators, a tone can be placed on any pair of wires within a cable. Analog voice is generally transmitted on pair 1. Ethernet generally uses pairs 2 and 3. The installer can use the banjo adapter to place a tone on a cable pair within a cable that would not be expected to have services connected to it. The amplified probe picks up audible tones inductively with no metallic contact. The probe will pick up the tone on cross-connect wires and twisted pair cables. The amplified probe has a built-in speaker that allows the installer to hear the tone. As the amplified probe is brought closer to the cable that has the tone, the sound through the speaker on the probe gets louder. The sound is at its loudest point when the probe is closest to the pair with the tone.
Preparation:
The jacks and cross-connects from lab 11.5.3 will be used in this lab.
URL:
http://www.flukenetworks.com/
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Step 4 Clean up
Make sure all tools are properly stored.
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Objectives:
Use the Cable Meter to test an ISO-D or Cat5e cable with a straightthrough patch cord, a crossover patch cord, and a combination of both. Understand how the appearance of the cable pair can change at the end of a patch cord.
Overview:
In this lab, a twisted pair cable will be pulled from patch panel A-A1-A00 to BB1-A00. This cable will be tested with various types of patch cords to show the importance of understanding the pair appearances in a cable.
Safety:
Make sure to wear safety glasses for the duration of the lab.
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Objectives:
Learn to identify specific cable problems.
Overview:
Problems that are found in a cable are sometimes referred to as troubles in the industry. These can include errors made by the installer, damage caused by others, or deterioration over time. Even professional cable installations can develop problems. Tampering and construction damages are the main problem sources. Typical problems that can be found in twisted pair cables include shorts, opens, reversals, and transpositions, which are sometimes called miswires. Other types of problems include split pairs, grounds, and punchbacks. A punchback is a pair in a cable that is inadvertently spliced to another pair in the same cable. There are also physical problems that can alter test results such as nicked wires, burned or melted insulation of wires, or cables that have exceeded the minimum bend radius. All of these characteristics can influence test results. Just because the basic cable test shows the correct wiring without any opens or shorts, etc., doesnt mean that the cable is up to standard. This lab will challenge students to identify problems using test equipment. Students will also visibly examine problems and determine the best course of action to restore the integrity of the cable.
URLs:
http://www.panduit.com http://www.flukenetworks.com
or there may be another problem that was hidden by the initial problem. Troubleshooting techniques and knowledge come from experience. The more experience that is gained troubleshooting problems, the faster and more accurate the cable technician can find and fix them.
Overview:
Final documentation is one of the last steps in a job; however, documentation is ongoing throughout the project. From once the project started when cables, jacks, and panels were labeled, we were in the process of gathering vital information about the final documentation that will be presented to the customer upon completion of the project. This, of course, is after the customer has agreed the job has been completed to his or her satisfaction. During this lab, use all principle skills learned in previous chapters to create a final documentation of the lab wall, wiring schematics, rack schematics, and general comments on future needs, any pre-existing problems noticed while completing the current job.
Note: Remember that details are what the customer expects and what a fellow technician will need for future troubleshooting.
Additional Materials:
Worksheet: n/a Graphic/ Schematic/ Topology: n/a Other Document: n/a
Step 1
Draw a rack diagram of both racks on the lab wall. In a single rack lab, draw a diagram of the rack, including all patch panels.
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Objectives:
Demonstrate an understanding of connectivity. Prepare for the final course project.
Overview:
Connectivity is the end result of any cable installation project. The installer brings a service from its point of origin to the end user by combining various types of backbone and network distribution cabling, various types of termination equipment, patch-panels, and punch blocks. The purpose of the final exercise is to determine if an understanding of the concepts of connectivity has been achieved. In previous labs, various techniques were learned that are required to make connections that bring services to a jack or a wall outlet. This is an opportunity to put it all together. Feel free to determine what type of connectivity is to be achieve. The key to this exercise is predicting the results before beginning the work.
URL:
http://www.panduit.com
Safety:
Always wear safety glasses when using cutting tools.
Use the schematic diagram at the end of the lab section to draw a schematic of the connectivity plan. Before actually cross connecting or patching, explain what is to be accomplished and what the predicted results will be. Write a brief description of the plan and the predicted results: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Schematic
Provide the instructor with a schematic of the connectivity that is to be achieved.
Step 3 Connectivity
Run at least two cross-connects, two patch cords, or a combination of these to create connectivity between two jacks on the lab walls. Jacks can be on the same wall or a jack from each wall can be used.
Step 4 Testing
After completing cross-connecting or patching, test the results. Perform the tests using the cable meter to ensure proper terminations and cross connections.
Step 5 Clean Up
Ensure that all tools are properly stored and remove all trash and debris.
Conclusions
Were the predicted results achieved? ___________________________ Was connectivity achieved, but problems with the plan were discovered? ____________________ What problems were found? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
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