AP 7 ( b ) I

A UNIFORM GTD SOLUTION FOR THE RADIATION FROM SOURCES ON A PERFECTLY-CONDUCTING CONVEX SURFACE*
P.H.

Pathak, N. Wang, W.D. Burnside, and R.G. Kouyoumjian The Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory Department ofElectricalEngineering Columbus , O h i o 43212

The radiation f r o m sources on perfectly-conducting convex surfaces i s of i n t e r e s t i n thedesign of antennas mounted on a i r c r a f t and missiles and i n the designof conformal arrays. The geometricaltheoryof d i f f r a c t i o n i s extended i n this paper t o obtain a uniform high-frequencysolution for the radiation from apertures and monopoles which may excite torsional surface rays on a perfectly-conducting smooth, convex surface. This problem was treated i n an e a r l i e r paper [l], b u t only for torsionless surfacerays.Subsequentlysolutions were given forcylindrical and conicalsurfaces, [2]-[5] where torsionalsurfaceraysexist. A1 though the solution i n [5] was generalized to convex surfaces, i t d i f f e r s from the one describedhere;furthermore i t does not appear t o be as complete or as easy to implement.

Consider a source located on a perfectly conducting convex surface a t Q' as shown i n Fig. 1. The high-frequencysolution , GTD. described i n t h i s paper employs the raycoordinatesofthe Thus i n the shadow regiontheradiation from Q' follows a surface ray t o Q where i t sheds tangentially from the surface to the f i e l d p o i n t P whereas i n the l i t region, the radiationfollows ;, the incidentraylofgeometricalopticsto FL in the djrecticy of the u n i t vector s . A t Q the orthogonal u n i t vectors t and n ( i .e. normal to the surface, respgctiyely) are parallel t o theray and introducedalong w i t h the binormal u n i t vector 6 = t x n. A t Ql these Same u n i t vectorsare primed. In the 1i t region i = 6 x s, i where b' = b i s perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The high-frequency e l e c t r i c f i e l d is given by F = nEn t kEb f o r points away from the convex surface i n both the shadowand l i t regions.Expressfons forthesefield components have b e e n deduced from a carefulstudy of thecylinder and spherecanonical problems i n which higherorder terms are retained i n theasymptotic on a solutions; i n addition,experimentalresultsforsources convex surface. spheroid were helpful i n the generalization to the Consider now amagnetic current moment S;m a t 9'. tangent to the surface

*The work reported i n this paper was supported in part by Cont r a c t N00014-78-C-0049 between the Dept. of the Navy, Office of Naval Research and the Ohio State University Research Foundation, and Contract N00019-78-C-0524 between the Naval Air Systems Conand and the Ohio State University Research Foundation. CHl456-3/79/0000-0536900.75 @ 1979 IEEE.
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Note t h a t

T=T$

i n which T and P ~ are the surface ray ' torsion and radius of curvature a t Q' respectively. In the l i t regionthey are found , by projectingtheincidentrayontothesurface a t Q ' . The quant i t i e s H , Ha, S and S e contain Fock typefunctions whichdepend upon thesurfaceparameters a t 0' , and i n the shadow region, upon thesurfaceraytra.iectory. The anqles between adjacentsurface rays a t 9' and 4 are d$o and d$, resoectively and p C is thecaust i c distance at Q [l].

In the monopole case, the expressions for the electric field in the l i t regionare given a s

; whereas,inthe

shadow region

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The previousexpressionsreducetothegeometricalopticsfield in the deep lit region and to the GTD f i e l d i n t h e deep shadow region. The expressions for the lit and shadow r e g i o n s j o i n s m o o t h l y a t t h e shadow boundary. As expected, reduce they totheasymptoticsolutions for the circular cylinder andspherecases, but the higher order terms i n m mustbe r e t a i n e d t o pass smoothly t o t h e s e two l i m i t i n g cases. As t h e r a d i i o f c u r v a t u r e o f t h e s u r f a c e become i n f i n i t e To = 0, and (1),(2),(5) and ( 6 ) s i m p l i f y t o t h e f i e l d o f magnetlc current moment sources on a groundplane.

In a d d i t i o n , t h i s s o l u t i o n has been t e s t e d by applying i t t o c a l culatetheradiationfromslots andmonopoles on perfectly-conduct i n g c i r c u l a r and e l l i p t i c c y l i n d e r s , cones, and spheroids. The p a t t e r n s o f a r a d i a l s l o t on a cone w be shown t o compare very i l wellwithresultsobtainedfrom an e i g e n f u n c t i o ns o l u t i o n .I n Fig. 2 t h e p a t t e r n o f a monopole i s c a l c u l a t e d andmeasured i n theplanetangenttothespheroidatthesourcelocation.Note it t h a t t h e Eb component i s due tothespheroidalsurface; wouldvanish i f thesource were on a groundplane.Additional examples which v e r i f y t h e a c c u r a c y o f t h i s u n i f o r m GTD s o l u t l o n w be presented and discussed. i l l
REFERENCES

1.

P.H. Pathakand R.G. Kouyoumjian, "An A n a l y s i s o f t h e RadiationfromAperturesin CurvedSurfacesbytheGeometrical Theory o f D i f f r a c t i o n , " Proceedings o f t h e IEEE, Vol. 62, No. 11, November 1974, pp. 1409-1447. P.H. Pathak and R.C. Kouyoumjian, " E f f e c t so fT o r s i o n a l Surface Rays on theRadiationfromApertures i n Convex Boulder, CylindricalSurfaces ," USNC/URSI Annual Meeting. Colorado, 1974.

2.

3.

N. Wang, "Near F i e l d S o l u t i o n s f o r Antennason E l l i p t i c Cylinder,"Report 784685-1, J u l y 1977, The OhioState University ElectroScience Laboratory, Departmentof ElectricalEngineering;preparedunderContract N0001977-C-0299 f o r Naval Air Systems Command.

4.

A. Hessel, J. Shmoys and Z.W. Chang, "Surface Ray Analysis o f ConformalArrays,"FinalReport f o r Phase 2, POLY-EE/EP75-149, Department o f E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g and Electrophysics, PINY, 1975.
S. Safavi-Naini and R. M i t t r a , "SourceRadiation i n t h e PreConvex Body," ElectromagneticsLaboratory, sence o f Smooth Technical Report No. 78-3, 1978. June

5.

538

tXn=b
( 0 ) FIELD POINT I N

s:n=b
b=$l

SHADOW REGION

(b) FIELD POINT I N L I T REQlON

Fig. 1 .

Rays emanating from a source on a convex surface.

IE,I

MEASURED

Fig. 2.

Radiation patterns of a quarter-wavelength monopole on a prolate spheroid calculated and measured inthe shadow boundary plane.
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