Social Studies (II) Question Bank for S.A.

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Questions:
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Write the distribution of Iron Ore in India? Write the distribution of Coal in India & Classify their category? Why most of the sugar industries are shifting from North India to South India? Why democracy is a better form of Government? Write how political parties can be reformed? Explain the foundation challenge of Democracy Explain the challenge of expansion and the challenge of deepening of democracy? Why should we conserve minerals? Give any three steps to conserve minerals. Why should we rely on non-conventional form of energy resources? How can it be developed Why road ways are much more convenient than railways? Write any four features of border roads. Write functions of pressure groups Explain the guidelines one should follow while making political reforms Expectation from a democracy is a very important point to judge the quality of democracy Explain this statement

Answers:
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Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of Industrial development. India is fairly abundant with resources of Iron ore. The major distributions of Iron ore in India are: (i)Orissa-Jharkhand Belt: - In Orissa high grade Hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. IN the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi. (ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt:- This Belt lies in the Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade hematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Iron ore from these mines are exported to Japan and South Korea. (iii)Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt: This belt lies in Karnataka. It has large reserves of iron ore the kudermuk mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100% export unit. Kundermukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world (iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt:- IT includes the state of goa and Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited.

In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides a substantial part of the nations every need. The Types of coal and their distribution are as follows i. Lignite: It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity It is formed by the decaying plants in swamps. ii. Bituminous: - It is formed by being buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures. It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal a high grade Bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in the blast furnaces. Metallurgical coal or
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4. i. ii. iii. iv. v. 5. 6.

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Gondwana coal are located in Damodar Valley (West BengalJharkhand), Jharia, Raniganj, Bokara are important coal fields. Anthracite: - It is the highest quality hard coal. Tertiary coal occurs in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. India stands second as a world produces of sugar but it occupies first place in the production of gur and khandsari. Sugar Industries are shifting from North to South because of the following reasons : The Sugarcane produced here has a higher sucrose content The climate is cooler and hence ensures a longer crushing season The cooperatives are more successful in these states Democracy is a better from of Govt. because of the following reasons :It Promotes equality among citizens It enhances the dignity of an individual Improves the quality of decision-making process Provides a method to resolve conflicts It also allows room to correct mistakes Political Parties can be reformed by Foundational Challenge is a challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting democrative government. This involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling government and establishing a sovereign and functional state The Challenge of expansion is that it involves of applying the basic principle of democratic government across all the regions, different social groups and various institution. Ensuring greater power to local governments, extension of federal principle to all units of the federation, inclusion of women and minority groups, etc.. The Challenge of Deepening of democracy is faced by every democratic country. This involves strengthening of the institution and practices of democracy. This should be done in such a way that the people realize their expectations of democracy. Everyone has different expectations o. therefore; this challenge takes different meaning and paths in different parts of the world. In general terms, it usually means strengthening those institutions that help peoples participation and control.

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Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic needs inputs of energy. Most of the energy required by these sectors are conventional and non-renewable the fossil fuels which are the main constituent of conventional resources are depleting fast and we need to conserve them for future generations. We can conserve them by:Increase the use of Renewable/ Non-Conventional Resources.

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Conserve Energy and Use the Minimal Requirements of Conventional Resources Discover/ Create alternate source of Energy. The growing consumption of Energy has resulted the country being dependent of Fossil Fuels such as Coal, Oil and Gas. We should rely on NonConventional Resources because conventional resources are not only depleting fast but they also cause harm to our Environment. NonConventional Resources can be developed by Creating and Introducing More Biogas plants in Urban and Rural areas. More Solar panels should be constructed where there is abundant sunlight for energy creation. Wind Mills should be constructed on places with high speed winds. Tidal Energy can be used in places near the coasts like Tamil Nadu, Kerala , etc. Roadways are more convenient than Railways Because: Construct cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains also. Road transport is economical in transportation of few person and relatively smaller amounts of good over shorter distances. It also provided door-to-door services, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link b/w railway stations, air and sea ports, etc. Border roads are roads constructed at the bordering areas of the country. its features are : (i)It helps in maintaining and checking borders for any terrorist or hostile activity (ii) It helps in trade and tourism across the countries

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i. ii. iii. iv. 10. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. 11.

iv. These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain. v. They have also helped in the economic development of the locality 12. The function of pressure groups are :

Promote discussion and debate and mobilise public opinion on key issues Performa a role in educating citizens about specific issues Groups can enhance democratic participation, pluralism and diversity Groups raise and articulate issues that political parties perhaps won't touch because of their sensitivity

They provide an important access point for those seeking redress of grievance They represent minorities who cannot represent themselves Groups can be an important and valuable source of specialist information / expertise for an overloaded legislature and civil service Many groups play an important role in implementing changes to public policy Pressure groups encourage a decentralization of power within the political system. They act as a check and balance to the power of executive government
13. The guidelines one should follow while making a political reform are: i. Legal & constitutional changed are needed but these changes should

be done by political parties, movement groups & politically conscious people ii. Common people of a nation should be more politically conscious. Reforms can only take place where the initiative is taken by politically conscious people. iii. For any kind of political reforms we have to improve the quality of political participation by ordinary people iv. Political reforms can only work when the result is good v. Therefore, the role of the democratic, role of media, role of the Common People Organization is very necessary. For e.g. the implementation of RTI act is a part of political reform in India. Through RTI act we common people can know what is happening in the various levels of Government. This RTI act has given us a transparent system of govt. vi. A practical people centric approach is very necessary for any kind of political reform 14. This Statements Means : i. Ability to handle social differences in a huge expectation from govt. for e.g. In Srilanka. The conflict b/w the majority and minority communities (Singhala & Tamil) were not resolved. So it is necessary to maintain an equal balance among the majority and minority group while ruling a nation ii. It is expected from democracy that it will provide us with a peaceful life & a free & fair competition. iii. All the social differences should be solved through negotiation and deliberation. iv. It is expected that democracy will provide individual liberty and dignity. On the other hand in a non-democratic regime or system all the social conflicts & individual dignity are dominated. But domination

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doesnt work for a long period of time. Therefore, Democracy recognize individual importance & dignity It is expected that democracy will provide change to more people in the decision making process & people should be critical & aware to the works of the government