APPLICATIONS OF THE FOURIER TRANSFORM

Example 1

Application of High Pass Filter (HPF) Two signals,

g1 t ! 2 cos200Tt and g 2 t ! 5 cos 1000Tt

have been multiplied together. Hence,
g 3 t ! g1 t g 2 t ! 10 cos200Tt cos 1000Tt ! 5 cos 1200Tt  5 cos800Tt

A certain application requires

g 4 t ! 3 cos 1200Tt which can be obtained using HPF.

Using Table C.2(a),

H G4 [ ! 3T ? [  1200T  H [  1200T A Similarly, Fourier Transform of g 3 t ; G3 [ ! 5T ? [  1200T  H   1200T A H [  5T ? [  800T  H [  800T A H

If signal g3(t) is passed through a HPF with transfer function

H1 [ ! 0.6?  rect [ 2[c A 1 800T [c 1200T

It can be seen

G4 [ ! G3 [ H 1 [

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

|G4( )|

-1200

1200

|G3( )|

-1200

-800

800

1200

|H1( )|

-1200

1200

Example 2 Application of an ideal low-pass filter (LPF) Using the same signal as Example 1, assume that an application requires a signal

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

g 5 t ! 4 cos800Tt which can be obtained using LPF.

G5 [ ! 4T ? [  800T  H [  800T A H G5 [ ! G3 [ H 2 [ where H 2 [ ! 0.8rect [ 2[ c , [ c " 800T

|G5( )|

-800

800

|H1( )|

-800

800

Example 3 Multiplication of two signals

w(t) x(t)=w2(t)

Square-law device

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

w(t ) ! C1 cos[1t  C 2 cos[ 2 t @ x t ! w 2 (t ) ! C1 cos 2 [1t  2C1C 2 cos[1t cos[ 2 t  C 2 cos 2 [ 2 t
2 2

Using trigonometry identities; cos 2 J ! xt ! 1 1 ?  cos 2J A and 2 cos E cos F ! cosE  F  cosE  F 2

1 2 1 C1 ?  cos2[1t A C1C 2 cos? [1  [ 2 A C1C 2 cos?[1  [ 2 A t t  2 1 2  C 2 ?  cos2[ 2 t A 1 2

xt !

1 2 1 1 2 C1  C 22  C12 cos2[1t  C 2 cos2[ 2 t  C1C 2 cos?[1  [ 2 t A 2 2 2  C1C 2 cos?[1  [ 2 t A

X [ ! T C12  C 22 H [  

T 2 H C1 ? [  2[1  H [  2[1 A 2

T 2 H H C 2 ? [  2[ 2  H [  2[ 2 A C1C 2T ? [  [1  [ 2  H [  [1  [ 2 A 2 H  C1C 2T ? [  [1  [ 2  H [  [1  [ 2 A

If signals of example 1 are added together to form the input to the system,
1000Tt wt ! g1 t  g 2 t ! 2 cos200Tt  5 cos 1000Tt  25 cos 2  1000Tt xt ! 4 cos 2 200Tt  20 cos200Tt cos [ [ H [ @ X  ! 29TH   2T ? [  400T  H   400T A H [ [ H  12.5T ?   2000T  H   2000T A 10T ? [  800T  H [  800T A H [ [  10T ?   1200T  H   1200T A

If we desire the system output to be

y t ! 3 cos800Tt We require Y [ ! 3T ? [  800T  H [  800T A H

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

This result can be achieved by multiplying X( ) with a transfer function H( ) that acts as bandpass filter (BPF) that allows frequency components in the ranges 400 < < 1200 and -1200 < < -400 , multiplied by 0.3 and those outside the ranges

multiplied by zero.
|G3( )| 29 12.5 10 10 2 2 (krad/s) 10 10 12.5

-2.0

-1.2

-0.8 -0.4 0 0.4 0.8 |H( )|

1.2

2.0

0.3

-0.6

0 |Y( )|

0.6

(krad/s)

-0.8

0.8

(krad/s)

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

Example 4 Amplitude Modulation (AM-DSBSC)

Mixer m(t)

x(t)=m(t)cos

ct

c(t)=cos

ct

[ x t ! mt c t ! mt cos c t ! mt v 1 j[ c t  e  j[ c t e 2 1 1 ! mt e j[c t  mt e  j[c t 2 2

X [ !

1 ?M [  [c  M [  [c A 2
M( )

Ac

B B

X( )

Ac/2

c B

c -

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

AM Demodulation
Mixer x(t) Penapis lulus rendah (LPF) mt

cos
ct

y(t)

y t ! xt cos[ c t 1 ?X [  [c  X [  [c A 2 1 1 1 Y [ ! M [  M [  2[ c  M [  2[ c 4 2 4 Y [ !

|Y( )| Ac/2

Ac/4

-2

c -

-2

-2

c +

c -

c +

|H( )|

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

 M [

B B

AM With Carrier
Mixer m(t) c(t)=Accos ka
ct

y(t)

s(t)=Ac[1+kam(t)] cos

ct

1 st ! ?  k a mt A t c ! Ac cos [ c t  k a mt Ac cos [ c t

where ct ! Ac cos [ c t k a Ac ?M [  [ c  M [  [ c A 2

H S [ ! Ac T ? [  [ c  H [  [ c A

S( )

Ac kaMpAc/2

Ac

c +

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian

Example 5 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

x1(t) cos x2(t)
c1t

y1(t)

y2(t)

w(t)

cos x3(t)

c2t

y3(t) FDM SYSTEM cos

c3t

W( ) Y1( )
c1

Y2( )
c2

Y3( )
c3

FDM Multiplexed Signals

w(t)

H1( )
Center freq
c1

|H( )| 2

x1 t } x1 t

cos H2( ) Center freq

c2

c1t

0 |H( )| 2

x2 t } x2 t
0

cos H3( )
Center freq
c3

c2t

|H( )| 2

x3 t } x3 t
0

BPF

cos

c3t

LPF

FDM DEMODULATION SYSTEM

See2043_Isyarat & Rangkaian