Frog Dissection

Diagrams & Questions

Name: ________________ Teacher: ________________ Hour: ____

The frogs that we are going to observe have never lived in the wild. These frogs have been raised on a frog farm. They were raised for only one functionto be dissected in a science class. They have been stored in a preservative. Your frog will have been soaked in water to get most of the preservative out. At the end of each science class, we will store them in plastic bags after wrapping them in wet paper towels. Before you receive your frog, there are a few additional thoughts and statements that you should realize and understand. Please read the following: a. b. You will follow the directions for this lab to the letter. Also, pay close attention to additional instructions on the board or from your teacher. There is a lot of material in this lab packet and in the directions. Please take the personal responsibility for learning this material. You will have to take this packet out of class (home or study hall) to review various terms and to prepare for the next class. Only do the work in the packet and on your frog that you are supposed to do. If you rush ahead, you may destroy a part of the frogs internal anatomy that you will need later on. You will be working with another person in the lab. You are responsible for your own work, but may work together to answer any questions. No one will leave the room until everything is clean and put away. You will be dismissed by the teacher from your lab table. All frogs and frog parts will stay in this room.

c.

d. e. f.

When you receive your frog, you will have to label it. To do so, you will use an ink pen and write your initials, your partners initials, and your class period on a piece of masking tape or name tag. The masking tape or name tag will then be placed on your plastic storage bag and then placed in one of the trays which has been numbered according to science classes. Before we can learn about the internal anatomy of the frog, we must observe the external anatomy of the frog. By doing so, we will study some relationships between the internal and external anatomy of the frog. We will also find out that some of the structures of the frog will explain the living characteristics and tendencies of the frog. The frogs body structures will also explain why the frog lives in the environment that it does.

Diagram 1: External Features 1

1. BEFORE DISSECTION. Draw the frogs front foot and the back foot on the diagram. Remember, there is a difference in a frogs front and back feet. You will write in the length of these legs during the lab. 2. BEFORE DISSECTION. Label the following on Diagram 1: front leg, hind leg, dorsal surface, ventral surface, mouth, upper eyelid, lower eyelid, transparent eyelid, tympanum, and external nares. 3. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 1, color the following: external nares.. green tympanum. red transparent eyelid. yellow 4. Follow the directions at the lab station. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ body surface

___________________ ___________________ (length: ________ mm) (length: ________ mm)

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ body surface

Diagram 1 Questions: 1A. What is the mass of your frog? _______________ g = _______________ mg (remember 1 g = 1000 mg) 1B. Predict the sex of your frog by looking at the thumb pads. Circle your choice below. female 1C. What color is the dorsal side of the frog? What color is the ventral side of the frog? male _______________ _______________

1D. What advantages does the frogs coloring give to its survival in its habitat?

1E.

Length of forelegs: Length of hind legs:

_______________ cm = _______________ mm _______________ cm = _______________ mm

1F. Are the forelegs or hind legs longer? Whyhow does this help a frog survive?

1G. Notice that the eyes of the frog are located on the top of his head. How does this help the frog survive in its habitat?

1H. What is the eye lens

shape? size? color?

_______________ _______________ mm _______________

OK __________

Diagram 2: External Features 2

1. Read the information in lab before labeling Diagram 2. 2. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 2, label the following: tongue, vomerine teeth, maxillary teeth, internal nares, gullet, Eustachian tubes, and glottis. 3. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 2, color the following: gullet.. red glottis. green 4. Follow the directions at the lab station.

Diagram 2 Questions: 2A. Where is the frogs tongue attached in the frogs mouth?

2B. When the frog is living, its tongue is very sticky. Why do you think this is?

2C. Length of tongue:

_______________ cm = _______________ mm

2D. Why are the frogs teeth shaped so differently than the teeth of a human? 2E. The small opening at the beginning of the esophagus is the ________________. 2F. To what organ does the esophagus lead? ___________________________

2G. The small opening at the beginning of the trachea is the __________________. 2H. What material (food/air) does the trachea transport? __________________

2I. When you swallow, does the epiglottis cover the opening of the trachea or the opening of the esophagus?

2J. What would happen if some material accidently entered your trachea instead of your esophagus?

2K. In your body, what happens when your ears pop? (Why do they pop?)

OK __________

Opening the Frog

Questions: On the inside of the skin layer, you should have noticed some brown lines. What are these?

What is the purpose of blood vessels?

How is the frogs skin different from human skin? (hint: what does the frog use its skin for?)

Diagram 3: Digestive System

1. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 3, label the following organs of the digestive system: liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and spleen. The spleen is the small round structure near the small intestine. 2. BEFORE DISSECTION. Color the organs labeled in Diagram 3. The colors are written in each of the boxes. 3. Follow the directions at the lab station.

white

green black

pancreas
blue

red (no colorjust label here)

yellow

(no colorjust label here)

Diagram 3 Questions: 3A. What is the function of the liver?

3B. Why is it part of the digestive system?

3C. What does bile do?

3D. What is the diameter of the gall bladder?

_____ mm

3E.The esophagus leads from the _______________ to the _______________. 3F. How long is the stomach? 3G. What does insulin do? _______________ cm = _______________ mm

3H. What is the importance of mesenteries?

3I. What would happen to our bodies if mesenteries werent present?

3J. The small intestine leads from the ______________ to the _______________. 3K. The stomach is wider than the esophagus and the small intestine. What does this size difference suggest about one major function of the stomach?

3L. Why is the small intestine coiled?

3M. The large intestine leads from the ______________ to the _______________. 3N. What type of material passes out of the anus?

3O. The back of the frogs mouth has an opening that is the beginning of the digestive tract. This is called the _______________. The opening at the other end of the digestive tract is the _______________. 3P. Could we say that the digestive tract is simply a long tube that runs from mouth to the anus of the animal? Circle below. yes no 3Q. Why?

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OK __________

Digestive SystemPart 2
How is the inside of the stomach different than the outside of the stomach?

Why is the lining of the stomach the way that it is? (remember, the frog does not chew its food.)

What is the length of the small intestine? _______________ cm = _______________ mm

What is the function of the villi?

How is the function of the villi in the small intestine different than the function of the villi in the small intestine?

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Diagram 4: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

1. BEFORE DISSECTION. Label the lung on Diagram 4. 2. BEFORE DISSECTION. Color the lung red. 3. BEFORE DISSECTION. Label the three heart chambers on Diagram 4: right atrium, left atrium, and ventricle. Remember to think like a surgeon is your frogs right your right?! 4. BEFORE DISSECTION. Color each heart part as follows: right atrium green left atrium... blue ventricle black 5. Follow the directions at the lab station.

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Diagram 4 Questions: 4A. What is the function of the heart?

4B. What is the function of the lungs?

4C. What organ system do the heart, lungs, and blood vessels belong to?

4D. What does it mean to have blue blood?

4E. What does it mean to have red blood?

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OK __________

Diagrams 5A and 5B: Excretory and Reproductive Systems

1. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagrams 5A and 5B, label the following organs: urinary bladder, cloaca and kidney. 2. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagrams 5A and 5B, color the following kidneys.. red cloaca. black urinary bladder. yellow 3. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 5A, label the testes. 4. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 5A, color the following: testes.... brown 5. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 5B, label the following organs: oviduct, ovary/eggs, and uterus. 6. BEFORE DISSECTION. On Diagram 5B, color the following: oviduct (uterus).. white ovary/eggs. gray

Diagram 5A: Male

Diagram 5B: Female

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Diagram 5 Questions: 5A. What is the function of the kidneys?

5B. What is the function of the ovaries?

5C. What is the function of the testes?

5D. Look back at question 1B. Were you correct in predicting the sex of your frog? Circle below. yes no

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OK __________

Dissection Questions: Directions: Answer the following questions using the information you learned during the frog dissection. 1. A frog is eating a grasshopper. Follow the grasshopper through the frog, placing the organs that are used for digestion in order.

2. A 5-yr old boy sees a frog, chases it, and grabs it forcefully by squeezing the ventral side. A. What does ventral mean?

B. Which organs could have been damaged due to the forceful squeeze?

3. Compare the overall structure of a frog to the overall structure of a human. Write at least 3-5 sentences.

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