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Social and Cultural Change Victorian age faded as Americans turned to European ideas of freedom of the individual. -Automobiles- Henry Fords Assembly line and mass production made Americ a more mobile. Plant was in Michigan. Ford produced more than 260,000 cars-Model T -Ford announced he would pay his workers 5 dollars a day-three times what an average worker was making at that time. He realized he could make more money selling many low priced vehicles than a few expensive ones. -5 dollar a day program would help fix the problem of absentee workers and high turnover Electricity Electricity helped bring about new products, especially made by General Electric to help ease domestic work. Toasters, stoves, washing machines, etc Wright Brothers made the first flight in 1903 Wireless telegraphy to help with marine navigation-Titanic sinking showed that we needed radio communications for ships. Congress passed a bill mandating the navy to use radio. Artistic and Social Ferment International Exhibit of Modern Art in 1913-Americans flocked to see paintingsAmerican artists were prompted to start new forms of expression The Masses- a magazine that criticized conventional values, The New Republic-journal of political and cultural commentary Heterodoxy club-women joined together to establish feminism- a step away from tradition-small percentage of women adopted the new feminism-they wore shorter skirts, smoked, wore makeup- cut their hair short-bob, The flapper. During 1910 and 1920s-women saw greater opportunity Americans at Play -Mass Entertainment-Boxing. Arthur John Jack Johnson-became first African American heavyweight champion in 1908- Americans viewed him negatively

because they wanted whites to reclaim that title-he ended up fleeing the country because he was accused of transporting women -Baseball Vaudeville and Motion Pictures- Vaudeville were routines aimed at entertaining the whole family. Motion pictures began to challenge these shows as the price of admission to films became cheaper. Movies would emerge as mass entertainment in the twenties. Movies- Charlie Chaplin became very popular. More than 10,000 theaters by 1912 Mary Pickford became Americas Sweetheart-damsel in distress -Hollywood emerged because of its nice climate as the capital of movies Social Change during Neutrality Period (prior to US entering WWI) David Wark Griffiths Birth of a Nation film based on the novel The Clansmanportrayed the civil war and reconstruction periods- portrayed African Americans who terrorized whites and Klansmen as heroes.- African Americans tried to have the film banned but were unsuccessful. -Revived Klan membership -Wilson and Democrats were unsympathetic to blacks during this time. -White house did back away from segregation in the federal government -Guinn v. United States-1915- Supreme Court ruled that Oklahomas grandfather clause was unconstitutional- Oklahoma had exempted whites from taking their literacy test if the whites grandfather had voted- court ruled they cannot do thatsmall victory for blacks,

The Great Migration -Southern Segregation caused migration and Southern Agriculture suffered natural disasters such as the Boll Weevil-an insect that destroyed cotton- caused Blacks to Migrate to northern cities in large numbers=Great Migration. Between 1914 and 1920 more than 600,000 blacks migrated North -Blacks found a better life in North but it wasnt perfect- they worked in coal mines, steel mills, Chicago, Pittsburg, Detroit, etc

-Blacks did encounter discrimination in housing and public services even in the North Shifting Attitudes about Sex -Increase in divorce rate, decrease in the size of families- had sex before marriage, homesexual marriages outlawed-but some college women had parthernships with other women. -Comstock Law- 1873-barred birth control and information on birth control distributed, -Many states made it a crime to sell condoms. Margaret Sanger- home nurse turned activist- realized women suffered from disease and poverty because they had so many children- she coined the term birth control and published Women Rebel- she felt a womens right to have birth control would enable her to have equal footing with men. She founded a clinic in Brooklyn that provided information on Birth control-it was shut down-she appealed to a higher court and won the right of doctors to prescribe birth control. She organized Birth Control League