It Handout

PRINCESS NOURA BINT ABDUL RAHMAN UNIVERSITY
PREPARATORY YEAR
SECOND SEMESTER (2011
2012 / 1432 1433)
Computer skills (CMP-001)
MODULE : 1
Information
Technology
Prepared by:
Reviewed and Approved by:
Ms. Saleha Ziauddin

Ms. Humaira Siddiqui
Ms. Azra Jabeen
Terminology translation by:

CMP-001
(Director of IT Department)
1
2nd Semester - 2011-2012
Ms. Abeer Helwa
Table of Contents
COMPUTER GENERATIONS:................................................................................................ 9
First generation computers (Vacuum tubes): ................................................................ 9
Second generation computers (Transistors): ................................................................ 9
Third Generation (Integrated Circuits): ...................................................................... 10
Fourth Generation computers (Present Microprocessor): ....................................... 10
BASIC CONCEPTS ................................................................................................................. 12
Computer: ............................................................................................................................. 12
Data: ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Information:......................................................................................................................... 12
Information Technology.................................................................................................... 12
Advantages of computers:................................................................................................ 12
TYPES OF COMPUTERS ....................................................................................................... 12
Super computer: ................................................................................................................. 12
Mainframe computers: ...................................................................................................... 12
Minicomputers: .................................................................................................................... 13
Microcomputer: ................................................................................................................... 13
PARTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER............................................................................... 13
HARDWARE ............................................................................................................................. 13
1.
Input devices .............................................................................................................. 14
Keyboard ............................................................................................................................... 14
Mouse..................................................................................................................................... 14
CMP-001
Scanner: It allows you to scan pictures, text and images and save it to your
computer in a digital form. ............................................................................................... 14
2.
Output devices: .......................................................................................................... 14
Printer: .................................................................................................................................. 14
Plotters: ................................................................................................................................ 14
Speaker/Headphones: ....................................................................................................... 14
-Note- .................................................................................................................................... 14
Touch Screen:...................................................................................................................... 15
Storage Devices: Hardware devices which are used to record and store data
are called storage devices. They are of two types Internal storage and
External storage. Some examples of storage devices are as follows: .................. 16
Internal storage: ................................................................................................................ 16
Hard Disk: ....................................................................................................................... 16
External storage:................................................................................................................ 16
Flash Memory (USB): ................................................................................................... 16
CD (Compact Disk): ....................................................................................................... 16
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk): ..................................................................................... 17
Disk and memory capacity: ............................................................................................... 18
Computer Performance: .................................................................................................... 18
SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................................. 18
Operating System .............................................................................................................. 18
Application Software: ...................................................................................................... 22
NETWORKS ............................................................................................................................ 22
Network: .............................................................................................................................. 23
Types of Networks: ......................................................................................................... 24
LAN: ...................................................................................................................................... 24
WAN: .................................................................................................................................... 24
CMP-001
Main Parts of Network architecture:........................................................................... 26

- Client: .............................................................................................................................. 26
- Server: ............................................................................................................................ 26
- Resources ....................................................................................................................... 26
INTERNET, INTRANET AND EXTRANET: ............................................................... 26
Internet (Interconnected Network): ........................................................................... 26
INTERNET .............................................................................................................................. 26
World Wide Web (WWW) .............................................................................................. 26
ISP ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) .................................................................................. 28
Web Browsers .................................................................................................................... 28
Home Page ........................................................................................................................... 28
Search Engines ................................................................................................................... 28
Downloading......................................................................................................................... 30
Uploading ............................................................................................................................. 30
Cookie ................................................................................................................................... 30
Computers in Education: .................................................................................................. 30
Computers in Management: ............................................................................................. 30
Computers in Banks: ........................................................................................................... 31
Computers in Medical Fields: ........................................................................................... 31
Computers in Pharmacy: .................................................................................................... 31
Computers in Industry Field: ........................................................................................... 31
Tele-working: ....................................................................................................................... 31
E-Documents: ...................................................................................................................... 32
E-Commerce: ....................................................................................................................... 33
SAFETY AND HEALTH........................................................................................................ 33
CMP-001
Right methods to deal with the computer: ................................................................. 33

Health Problems which are caused by the wrong use of computers: ................... 34
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION: .......................................................... 35
Information Security: ...................................................................................................... 35
VIRUSES ................................................................................................................................. 35
Virus spreading ways: ....................................................................................................... 35
Virus protection ways: ...................................................................................................... 35
Fill in the blanks:.................................................................................................................... 36
Write True or False (T / F) ................................................................................................ 36
Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................... 38
CMP-001
Vocabulary
Computer Generations
Vacuum Tubes
Integrated Circuits
Silicon chips
Process
logical operations
Information
Data
Speed and accurate
Hardware
Input devices
Keyboard
The Mouse
Scanner
Barcode Reader
Joystick
Output devices
Monitor (Computer Screen )
Laser Printer
Ink-jet Printer
Speaker/Head phones
Text
pictures
Voice
Resolution
Touch Screen
Central Processing Unit
Memory unit
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Temporary memory
Permanent memory
Volatile non Volatile
Storage Device
Internal Unit
External Unit
CMP-001
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
CD Compact Disk
Software
Operating System
Application Software
Graphical User Interface
Command Line Interface
Verify
charts
Database
Design
animated pictures
Network
share resources
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
Client
Server
Resources
Cables
Network Cards
MIS (Management Information
System)
CML (Computer Managed Learning)
CAL (Computer Aided Learning)
Reducing
Financial transactions
Industry Field
Medical Fields
Artificial Intelligence
Packing
Welding and plumbing
Fire fighting
Defusing bombs
E-Commerce
Risks
Tele working
CMP-001

Adjust
screen lights brightness
radiation
Download
Adopt
fingerprint
eye print
voice print
Fraud
Individuals rights
Privacy
civil cases
threaten
Data Encryption
unreliable source
World Wide Web
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Web Browser
Website
Web Page
Home Page
Search Engine
Downloading
Uploading
CMP-001
COMPUTER GENERATIONS:
The present computer system that we see today has evolved through various
development stages. These stages are illustrated
below:
First generation computers (Vacuum tubes):
o They relied on the machine language to perform operations.

o They were huge in size.
o They had very low processing speed.
o They were very expensive.
Second generation computers (Transistors):
CMP-001
o The transistors replaced vacuum tubes.

o They were smaller, faster, and cheaper than the first generation
computers.
Third Generation (Integrated Circuits):
o The Integrated Circuits replaced the transistors in the third generation.

o The Integrated circuits increased the speed and efficiency of the
computer.
Fourth Generation computers (Present Microprocessor):
CMP-001
10
o The present microprocessor chip is the most powerful till date.

o These computers can be linked together to form networks.
o These computers are the fastest and the most efficient.
CMP-001
11
BASIC CONCEPTS
Computer:
A computer is an electronic machine that receives input, stores and automatically
processes data, and provides output in a useful format.
Data:
Data is raw & unorganized facts and figures that need to be processed.
Information:
When data is processed and organized so as to make it useful and meaningful, it
is called Information.
Information Technology
A term that refers to both the hardware and software that is used to store,
retrieve and manipulate information.
Advantages of computers:
o Speed and accuracy of calculations and processing.
o Saves huge amounts of data.
o Economic in cost and time.
o Network communications.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Super computer:
o They are the biggest and the most powerful computers.
o They are rare because of their cost and size.
o Used by companies like NASA.
Mainframe computers:
o Great processing speed and data storage.
CMP-001
12
o Often connected to many individual PCs with limited processing capabilities

called dumb terminals.
o Used in Banks, Airlines etc.
Minicomputers:
o These computers minimized in size and power.
o They are not used very commonly these days.
Microcomputer:
o It is called the personal computer (PC) which is popular everywhere.
o It is small enough to fit on top of a desk, which can be used by one user at a
time.
o Used in homes, schools etc.
Workstation Computer :
o A workstation is a high-end microcomputer .
o Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly
connected to a local area network.
o The term workstation has also been used to refer to a PC connected to
a network.
Control Computer:
These computers are used for controlling operations in industrial, medical devices
and travel media like planes and cars, to alert in any dangerous case.
PARTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

A Personal Computer is broadly categorized into two parts Hardware and
Software. These will be illustrated in detail as follows:
HARDWARE
The physical parts of a computer which you can see and touch are called
Hardware. Hardware is classified further into the following:
CMP-001
13
1. Input devices
Devices used to translate data into a form that the computer can process are
called Input devices. Some examples of input devices are as follows:
Keyboard: It is a board containing the keys of letters, numbers and some
functions which allows you to type information into the computer.
Mouse: A small hand-held device used to point, select, click on items and to drag
and drop items from one place to another.
Scanner: It allows you to scan pictures, text and images and save it to your
computer in a digital form.
Bar Code Reader: It is a photoelectric scanner that translates the bar code
symbols into digital form.
Joystick: Small hand lever that can be moved in any directions to control
movement on the screen. It can be used for playing games.
2. Output devices:
Devices used to translate the processed information into a form that humans can
understand. Some examples of input devices are as follows:
Monitor (Computer Screen): Monitor displays the output in terms of text,
information or pictures. They come in different sizes and resolution.
Printer: A printer produces a hard copy of the material you are working on. For
example, Laser Printer and Ink-jet Printer.
Plotters: They are similar to printers but allow you to print larger images.
Speaker/Headphones: They are used to output voice from a computer.
-Note-
CMP-001
14
Touch Screen: It can be used as both Input and output device at the same time.
It receives input from the touch of a finger. For example - smart phones, ATM
machines etc.
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
It is the most important part of a computer system. It is usually referred to
as the brain of a computer. It determines the speed of your computer, which
is measured in GHz (Giga Hertz).
The two main components of CPU are:
a) CU -Control Unit: It tells the computer system how to carry out program
instructions from the memory. It controls and coordinates all activities of
the computer.
b) ALU-Arithmetic and Logic Unit: It performs mathematical and logical
operations.
CMP-001
15
4. Memory Unit:
Memory Types
RAM
ROM
(Random Access Memory)
(Read Only Memory)
Data and programs stored in

RAM are volatile (the
information is lost when you
switch off the computer).
This chip is where the operating
system is loaded to when you
switch on your computer.
Used to store applications that
you are currently working with.
It is a temporary memory
Data and programs stored in

ROM are non-volatile (the
information is not lost when
you switch off the computer).
This chip has special
programs which are built-in
when you buy the computer.
Used to store control
programs.
It is a permanent memory.
Storage Devices: Hardware devices which are used to record and store data are
called storage devices. They are of two types Internal storage and External
storage. Some examples of storage devices are as follows:
Internal storage:
Hard Disk: It is the most important storage media located inside the
computer, which stores operating system and programs.
External storage:
Flash Memory (USB): A compact and easy-to-use device for transferring
data between computers.
CD (Compact Disk): An optical disk which uses laser technology to read
information. It can store data up to 750 MB.
CMP-001
16
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk): A high-density video disc that stores large
amounts of data, especially high-resolution audio-visual material like movies,
encyclopaedia etc. In DVD, the capacity is upto 17 GB.
CMP-001
17
Disk and memory capacity:

The smallest unit of storage is called bit. The bit is a binary numbering system
which consists of 0 or 1.
8 bits = 1 Byte
1024 bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)
1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
1024 MB = 1 Giga Byte (GB)
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
Computer Performance: The computer performance depends on the following:
- The speed of the processor, which is measured in Giga Hertz.
- The capacity of RAM, which is measured in Giga Bytes.
- The speed and capacity of the Hard Disk.
SOFTWARE
Software, or programs, are instructions that tell the computer what to do and
how to do it. It is divided into two types Operating system and Application
Software.
Operating System
An interface between hardware and user, which is responsible for the
management of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer .
It is the main software in any computer. Some examples are:
- DOS (Disk Operating system)
- Windows (98 Me 2000 XP Vista 7)
CMP-001
18
- MAC OS
- UNIX
CMP-001
19
Two main types of Operating Systems:

a. CLI (Command Line Interface): A user interface in which you type commands
instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon.
b. GUI (Graphical User Interface): A visual way of interacting with a computer

using items such as windows, icons, and menus. It is user-friendly.
Functions of Operating System:

- Interface: It provides an interface between the user and the machine.
- Resource management: The resource management function of an OS
allocates computer resources such as CPU time, main memory, secondary
storage, and input and output devices for use.
CMP-001
20
- Input/Output management: This checks the input and output of the data,
their location, storage, and retrieval.
- File management: Setting up directories to organize your files according to
their type and displaying a list of files stored on a particular disk.
CMP-001
21
Application Software:
They are programs used to perform some specific tasks. Some examples are as
follows:
1. Word Processor: It is
used to write and format texts, insert
tables and pictures.

Eg: Microsoft Word
2. Spreadsheet: It is used for automatic calculations and creating charts.
Eg: Microsoft Excel
3. Database: A structured set of data held in a computer.
Eg: Microsoft Access
4. Presentation: It is used to design slides for business and education.
Eg: Microsoft
PowerPoint
5. Web Browser: It is defined as a program designed to enable users to

access, retrieve and
view documents and other resources on
the Internet. Eg:
Internet explorer
NETWORKS
CMP-001
22
Network: It is a set of two or more computers connected to share information

and resources.
CMP-001
23
Advantages of using networks:

- Information sharing.
- Resources sharing (printers).
- Software sharing
- Information protection (user names and passwords)
- Emails
Types of Networks: There are mainly two types of networks LAN and WAN.
LAN: It means Local Area Network; they are group of computers connected
together in the same region or a limited area.
WAN: It means Wide Area Network; which is a network that connects

computers over wide geographical area or may be other countries using telephone
lines or satellite.
CMP-001
24
CMP-001
25
Main Parts of Network architecture:

- Client: It is a computer connected to the network and doesnt have any control
or privilege.
- Server: It is a computer that is responsible for controlling network
resources.
- Resources: All files, printers and other hardware or software that the
network users can share.
INTERNET, INTRANET AND EXTRANET:
Internet (Interconnected Network): It is a global network of inter-connected
networks.
Intranet (Internal Network): An Intranet is a network of computers within a
private company.
It is a close version of the Internet but can only be accessed by authorized
members in the same organization.
Extranet (External Network): It is similar to an Intranet but it can be accessed
by outsiders who have the permission to access the companys network.
Note: All of the above networks need a modem to work.
Transfer Rate: The speed of modem is called Transfer rate, and is measured in
bps (bits per second). New modem speed is measured in Mbps or Gbps.
INTERNET
A system of connected computers that allows your computer to exchange data,
messages and files with any of the millions of other connected computers.
World Wide Web (WWW)
CMP-001
26
A collection of web pages and related resources which are linked together
across the internet is called World Wide Web (WWW).
ISP
It is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the
Internet, and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting
. For eg:
CMP-001
27
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Every page has its own unique address known as URL. The different parts of an
URL are illustrated below:
http://www.pnu.edu.sa
Country Domain
Protocol
Domain
Name
Web Browsers
Top Level Domain

DomaDomain
A web browser is a software application used for retrieving and presenting an

URL on the World Wide Web. Examples are:
Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator
Mozilla Firefox
Google Chrome
Web Site
A computer storage area that contains one or more web pages
Home Page
The first web page you see when you launch internet explorer
Search Engines
Search engines are designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.
The search results are generally presented in a list of results.
CMP-001
28
CMP-001
29
Downloading
The process of transferring a file from a network computer to your local
computer is called downloading.
Uploading
The process of
transferring a file from
your local computer
to a network computer is
called uploading.
Cookie
A file created by an internet site to store information on your computer.
Computers in Education: The use of computers in the academic setting has been
growing with the increase in computing power and the lowering of the cost. Now
schools have computer labs that give students access to resources they may not
have at home. Some classes even have a computer at every desk for the use of
the students.
Computers in Management: It is a computer based system that drives data from
all departments of an organization and produces reports of the organization's
performance.
CMP-001
30
Computers in Banks: Computers are used for various purposes in banks such as
ATM machines, online banking, etc .
Computers in Medical Fields: Computers help in the management of hospital files
and records including files of all types of patients. Computers assist doctors in
diagnosing diseases and help them during surgery.
Computers in Pharmacy: Computers help in regulation of the pharmacy work like
financial transactions and storage system.
Computers in Industry Field:
Artificial Intelligence (AI): It is a part of Computer Science which aims to

design intelligent computer systems to help in solving problems. One of these
systems is Robot.
Robot: It is a machine created to simulate the human being

activities in a fast and organized manner. Works that can be
performed by the Robot are:
- Welding and plumbing
- Handling dangerous materials
- Defusing bombs
Tele-working: Working from home and communicating with the office by phone,
fax and computer is called Tele-working.
Advantages:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduced or zero commuting time

Greater ability to focus on one task
Flexible schedules
Reduced office space requirements
Disadvantages:
1. Lack of human contact and competition
2. Negative impact on teamwork
CMP-001
31
3. No Self-discipline
E-Documents: Documents or files which are created by the computer
applications, e.g. text documents, are referred to as e-documents.
Advantages:
1. Reduces the need for printed material (books) which reduce the cost of
printing.
2. Easy to share these files online.
3. Easy to browse or search for a file on the computer. You can also use the
search facility.
CMP-001
32
E-Commerce: Buying or selling via the internet usually using a credit card is
called
E-commerce. Payment method of E-commerce involves the use of Visa Card or
Master Card.
The Advantages of the E-Commerce:

1. Global Market: you can buy from any country.
2. Open 24 hours a day.
3. Saves the client's time.
The Disadvantages of E-Commerce:

1. Risk in payment due to disclosure of credit card number or bank account.
2. The risk of information leakage during transport, to a hacker who might
change the name of the buyer.
SAFETY AND HEALTH

Right methods to deal with the computer:
1. The screen: Adjust the screen's brightness
settings and position so that it is
comfortable for your eyes.
2. The keyboard: It should be in front of you,
and under your hand. It should not be in the
same level or above your hand.
3. You should put the mouse over a mouse pad
to save it from dust.
4. The chair and the table
adjustable and in good height.
should
be
5. Use cleaning tools to clean up the computer.

6. Use original ink and good paper for printing.
CMP-001
33
Health Problems which are caused by the wrong use of computers:

1. Eye problems can arise because of the wrong distance from the computer
screen like vision problems and eye inflammation.
2. Neck pain, back pain and leg pain can be caused because of unhealthy sitting
in front of the computer due to cheap chairs and tables.
CMP-001
34
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION:

Information Security: It is a science which focuses on how to provide protection
to the information and to avoid misuse of data.
How to provide protection for Information System:

- Put password to log in for information.
- Ensure that the source of e-mail attachments is genuine.
- Adopt fingerprint, eye print or voice print systems in your Information
system.
- Create a backup copy of your work outside the system.
- Use of encryption techniques.
- Dont leave your computer open when not in use.
- Dont leave your devices with any person.
Encryption: It is the altering of data so that it is not usable to prevent it from

unauthorized users.
VIRUSES
They are software programs which are written with the intention of causing
damage in a computer system.
Virus spreading ways:
- Computer networks.
- Copying and distribution of illegal software through the internet.
Virus protection ways:
- Dont use flash or CDs from unreliable sources.
- Use only registered software.
- Never open e-mail attachments from unreliable source.
- Install an anti-virus program and always keep it up-to-date.
CMP-001
35
Assignment -1 (IT)
(Due date : (11/02/2012)
Name : ___________________________Group : ___________ Marks :
________/20
Fill in the blanks:

Output devices
Network
Cookie
Information
First Generation
Data
Scanner
Input devices
1. The __________________________ computers relied on machine language

to perform operations.
2. When data is processed and organized so as to make it useful, it is called
________________
3. Devices used to translate processed information into a form that humans can
understand are called ___________________.
4. ____________________allows you to scan pictures, text and images and
save it to your computer in a digital form
5. ______________________ is a file created by an internet site to store
information on your computer.
Write True or False (T / F)

1. Monitor is the most important storage media located inside the computer,
which stores operating system and programs.
)
2. Robot is a machine created to simulate the human being activities in a fast and
organized manner.
CMP-001
(
36
3. Artificial Intelligence is the altering of data so that it is not useable to

prevent
it from unauthorized users.
)
4. We should adjust the screen's brightness settings and position so that it is
comfortable for our eyes.
(
)
5. Search engines are designed to search for information on the World Wide
Web.
CMP-001
37
Multiple Choice Questions

1. A term that refers to both the hardware and software that is used to
store, retrieve and manipulate information is called_______
a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Information Technology
d) Operating System
2. Which of the following is the biggest and the most powerful type of
computer?
a) Micro computer
b) Super computer
c) Workstation computer
d) Control computer
3. Which of the following is a visual way of interacting with a computer

using items such as windows, icons and menus?
a) CLI
b) GUI
c) Ms. Word
d) Paint
4.
The company that provides individuals and other companies access to the
internet is ___________________
a) WWW
b) ISP
c) URL
d) Protocol
CMP-001
38
5. RAM stands for

a) Random Asset Memory
b) Random Access Memory
c) Readable Access Memory
d) Random Account Memory
CMP-001
39
6. ________________ is a computer storage area that contains one or

more web pages .
a) Website
b) Web Browser
c) Home page
d) ISP
7. 1 GB = ______________
a) 1024 KB
b) 1024 MB
c) 1000 MB
d) 1024 bytes
8. Which of the following is a global network of inter-connected networks?

a) Intranet
b) Extranet
c) WAN
d) Internet
9. Buying or selling via the internet usually using a credit card is called
_______
a) E-Documents
b) E-mail
c) Tele-working
d) E-Commerce
10. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Tele-working?

a) Decrease the employees traveling time.
b) Increase the focus on the work
CMP-001
40
c) Negative impact on team work

d) Decrease the company area
CMP-001
41

It Handout

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

It Handout

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

PRINCESS NOURA BINT ABDUL RAHMAN UNIVERSITY

2012 / 1432 1433)

Computer skills (CMP-001)

Reviewed and Approved by:

Ms. Saleha Ziauddin

Terminology translation by:

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Ms. Abeer Helwa

Input devices .............................................................................................................. 14

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Output devices: .......................................................................................................... 14

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Main Parts of Network architecture:........................................................................... 26

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Right methods to deal with the computer: ................................................................. 33

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

o They relied on the machine language to perform operations.

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

o The transistors replaced vacuum tubes.

Third Generation (Integrated Circuits):

o The Integrated Circuits replaced the transistors in the third generation.

Fourth Generation computers (Present Microprocessor):

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

o The present microprocessor chip is the most powerful till date.

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

o Often connected to many individual PCs with limited processing capabilities

PARTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

(Random Access Memory)

(Read Only Memory)

Data and programs stored in

Data and programs stored in

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Disk and memory capacity:

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Two main types of Operating Systems:

b. GUI (Graphical User Interface): A visual way of interacting with a computer

Functions of Operating System:

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

used to write and format texts, insert

tables and pictures.

5. Web Browser: It is defined as a program designed to enable users to

view documents and other resources on

the Internet. Eg:

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Network: It is a set of two or more computers connected to share information

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Advantages of using networks:

WAN: It means Wide Area Network; which is a network that connects

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Main Parts of Network architecture:

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

2nd Semester - 2011-2012

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Top Level Domain