Notes: 1. We show Straight cables as BLUE and Crossed as RED. That is our convention. The cable color can be anything you choose or, more likely, the vendor decides. 2. To avoid the need for Crossed cables many vendors provided UPLINK ports on Hubs or Switches these were specially designed to allow the use of a STRAIGHT cable when connecting back-to-back Hubs or Switches. Read the manufacturers documentation carefully. 3. Increasingly vendor hubs (can you still buy them) and switches will auto-detect the connection type and internally switch the connectors so that STRAIGHT cables can be used everywhere.
Standards Summary
The various standards can get a tad complicated and messy. We get occasional email requesting a summary of the standards - this is our attempt to provide a quick overview. Standard 10base-T 100baseTX 100baseT4 1000baseT 10Gbase-T Required Pairs 2 (1/2 and 3/6) 2 (1/2 and 3/6) 4 (1/2, 3/6, 4/5 and 7/8) 4 (1/2, 3/6, 4/5 and 7/8) 4 (1/2, 3/6, 4/5 and 7/8) 10M 100M 1000M 10G Cable yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes no no yes yes cat 5, 5e, 6 cat 5, 5e, 6 cat 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6 cat 5e, 6 Notes 100m support only if no cat 3/4 in run 100m support only if no cat 3/4 in run max of 100m if cat 3 or 4 in network Functionally identical to 100base-T4. Some cat cables may be acceptable. cat 6 cables may be used but havedistance limitations.
yes
yes
yes
yes
cat 6a
NOTE: Items marked * are not necessary for 10M LANs (10base-T) but since you will be moving shortly to 100MB or Gigabit LANs (won't you) you will save yourself a LOT OF TIME finding crappy cable (that you made) that does not work. Instead we suggest you wire to 100Base-T4 standards. After all you gotta stick the ends somewhere man. We use BLUE for 10base-T straight cables. NOTE: All our wiring is now done to the 100base-T4 spec which you can use with 10base-T networks - but NOT necessarily the other way around.
1 2 3 4* 5* 6 7* 8* NOTES:
3 6 1 5* 4* 2 8* 7*
1. Items marked * are not necessary for 10M LANs but since you will be moving shortly to 100MB or Gigabit LANs (won't you) you will save yourself a LOT OF TIME finding crappy cable (that you made) that does not work. Instead we suggest you wire to 100BaseT standards. 2. We use RED for crossed cables (or more commonly now a red heat-shrink collar at each end). 3. All our crossed wiring is done to the 100base-T4 spec which you can use with 10baseT networks - but NOT always the other way around.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
white and orange orange white and green blue white and blue green white and brown brown
1. Wires marked ** are ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY for 100Base-T4 networks - used when any combination of category 3/4/5 cables are present, when using 1000base-T (GigE) and MAY be required for Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) - see below. 2. Wires marked ** are not essential for 100Base-TX (using cat 5/5e6/6a ONLY cables) and CAN be used for other purposes, for example, telephony but, .. beware .. read this FAQ and ourLAN plus Telephony article before you wire your entire neighbourhood for surround sound. 3. The Power-over-Ethernet spec (802.3af) allows three schemes where power may be supplied. Two of these schemes use pairs 4,5 and 7,8 (marked ** in above table) for power (called Midspan PSE and Alternative B or Mode B), one scheme uses ONLY pairs 1,2 and 3,6 (Endpoint PSE, Alternative A or Mode A) for both signals and power. Depending on which scheme you use pairs 4,5 and 7,8 may be required. See Power over Ethernet (PoE). 4. Gigabit Ethernet requires all 4 pairs (8 conductors). 5. All our wiring is now done to the 100base-T4 spec which you can use with 1000base-T and even 10baseT networks - but NOT the other way around.
We use RED for crossed cables (or more commonly now a red heat-shrink collar at each end). NOTES: 1. All our crossed wiring is now done to the 100base-T4 spec (uses all 4 pairs, 8 conductors) which you can use with 1000base-T and even 10base-T networks - but NOT necessarily the other way around. 2. Many commercial 100m LAN patch cables seem not to cross pairs 4,5 and 7,8. If there is no cat3/4 wiring in the network this perfectly acceptable. 3. Gigabit Ethernet uses all 4 pairs so requires the full 4 pair (8 conductor) cross configuration (shown above).
4. If you are using Power-over-Ethernet (802.3af) then Mode A or Alternative A uses pairs 1,2 and 3,6 for both signals and power. Mode B or alternative B uses 4,5 and 7,8 to carry power. In all cases the spec calls for polarity insensitive implementation (using a diode bridge) and therefore crossing or not crossing pairs 4,5 and 7,8 will have no effect. See Power over Ethernet (PoE).
The original PoE specification was 802.3.af (2003) which has been superseded by 802.3at (2009). The primary differences are that the new 802.3at specification includes support for Gigabit LANs and raises the power levels available when using certain cable types. The following notes apply: 1. The power available at each end-point with 802.3af is 13.0 Watts (W). The maximum input voltage is 44V DC at a current of 350ma which gives a figure of 15.4 W (44 x 350/100) but due to power losses in cables the 13.0 W value is guaranteed even at maximum (100m - ~330ft) runs on category 5, 5e and 6 wiring. 2. The current 802.3at standard spilts systems into two categories for PoE levels based on the cable type. Type 1 covers cat 5 cables and these remain limited to the 802.3af limits of 13 W. Type 2 covers cat 5e (the actual minimum spec is ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-1995 which does cover some late cat 5 cables which only became available some time after 1995) and cat 6 cables and increases the maximum current to 600ma giving a maximum power figure of 44 x 600/100 = 26.4 W. Again due to losses over distance (lower than with Type 1 systems) this gives a figure of 25.5 W which is available even at maximum (100m - ~330ft) runs. 3. Power Wiring: 802.3at defines two Alternatives (A and B) depending on your wiring system. o If you are using 10base-T or 100base-TX (both only need 2 pairs - 4 connectors) then Alternative A wiring sends power over the signal pairs 1,2 and 3,6 since these may be the only ones connected. Alternative B wiring uses the unused pairs 4,5 and 7,8 for power and will clearly only work for systems which have connected all 4 pairs (and are therefore using 100base-T4 wiring!). o If you are using 100base-T4 or 1000base-T (both need 4 pairs - 8 connectors) then Alternative A wiring sends power over the signal pairs 1,2 and 3,6. Alternative B wiring uses the signal pairs 4,5 and 7,8. Since 100base-T4 and 1000base-T need all 4 wires connected there is no functional difference between Alternative A and B in this case.
Notes: 1. Today the male connector is more normally called a plug and the female connector areceptacle. Historically the term Jack was frequently used to describe what is now called a plug and Wall-Jack, or even just Jack, to describe the receptable. It's complicated. 2. While most commonly referred as an RJ45, it is a modular connector with the catchy name of 8P8C (8 Positions, 8 Connections). RJ - in case you were wandering - means Registered Jack. 3. The receptacle numbering is shown using a FRONT view (left to right, pin 1 - 8). Beware however, receptacles are wired from the REAR and hence the numbering will be inverted. Viewed from the REAR the numbering will be left to right, pin 8 - 1.