AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION & DATA CAPTURING USING RF ID

ABSTRACT: RFID is a type of Automatic Identification System. The purpose of an RFID system is to enable data to be transmitted by a portable device, called a tag, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according particular to the needs of a application. or The data location

replaces barcode readers, magnetic type of readers. ABCS of RFID: Radio Frequency (RF) technology has been around since WWII, when the Allied Forces first used it to identify friendly aircraft. Today this technology is used for mobile phones, toll tags, fuel pump key fobs, animal tracking both wild and domestic as well as many other applications. In this presentation we will discuss the use of RF in automatic identification systems, the most rapidly growing segment of todays Automatic Data Collection (AIDC) Industry. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) uses radio frequency signals to identify tagged items, cases and pallets as they move through the supply chain. This data

transmitted by the tag may provide identification information, or specifies about the product tagged, such as price, color, date of purchase, etc. This is the latest development of AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION AND DATA CAPTURE after the two technologies i.e., optical and magnetic versions. In this version the transmission of data is purely based on radio frequency ranges. In this latest version developed by these ADIC technologies data is automatically captured, which

is then collected and transmitted to a host system using an RF Reader. A Basic RFID System RFID Device (transponder, tag, smart label, Card, etc.) contains data about the tagged Item Antenna transmits the RF signals between the reader and the RFID device

Fig: Block diagram of RFID operation

Fig: How Reader receives RF RFID works transmissions from an RFID device and transmits to a host System for processing RFID Tag: There are a variety of tag designs, shapes and sizes. The basic structure includes a silicon chip (stores data) and an antenna (transmits data to a reader). Together these two components are referred to as the inlay. The inlay in turn is embedded in a base material; paper, Mylar, plastic or film. The differences such as in tag size, performance are determined by characteristics antenna, surface and shape. The

physical properties of the product to be tagged will determine which tag to use for optimal RFID readers are used for high speed automatic data capture of products or assets in Catellae systems. The RFID readers often replace manual scanning with handheld terminals, paper based work processes or manual data entry. The RFID readers are most suited for applications automated The results with work is controlled, processes. performance. Packaging material, environment, tag placement and reader location all can affect tag read rates. There is not a one tag fits all solution. RFID READERS

significant savings in manpower, increased scanning speed and increased RFID Fig: Basic elements in RFID tag RFID tags are available in active, passive and semi-passive forms. Each type of tag transmits RF signals to be received and decoded by an RFID reader. Every tag has a unique identifier, allowing its signal to be differentiated from other RF tags. readers data are productivity. used for and

automatic

capture

processing of RFID tags mounted on a large range of products and assets. RFID readers covering frequency range from 125 kHz, 13, 56 MHz, 433 MHz, 868-923 MHz and 2, 45 GHz are used in Catellae systems. Data capture: RFID readers are used for scanning RFID tags in all business areas of Lyngsoe Systems. The

RFID readers are connected to and controlled by the Catellae EDECS data Lyngsoe readers hardware collection Systems only vendors, platform. uses but RFID leading also As a systems integrator from

Flexible Product Flow RFID as part of making supply chain management enables real time decision for a more can flexible and responsive supply chain execution. Decisions to meet changing be made to redirect product flow customer demands. Enhanced Customer Service instant status information leads to more accurate delivery dates and increased ability to respond to urgent orders. Security better tracking, reduced inventory shrinkage (loss), reduced counterfeiting

produce RFID readers for specific purposes. Lyngsoe Systems has developed a range of RFID products based on active RFID tags in the 125 kHz and 433 MHz frequency RFID uses: Time and Labor Savings reading allows the area.

field seconds

scanning of multiple items in without unloading a pallet. This also eliminates the possibility of a receiving clerk failing to scan all items. Increased Control tags with read/write capabilities permit data to be updated throughout the supply responses. chain, highlighting problem areas and enabling faster

Current usage:
An RFID tag is embedded in new UK passports and US passports will have RFID beginning in August 2006

Product Tracking:
o The Canadian Cattle Agency Identification

began using RFID tags as a replacement for barcode tags.

o The tags are required to identify a bovine's herd of origin and this is used for tracing when a packing plant condemns a carcass. Currently CCIA tags are used in Wisconsin and by US farmers on a voluntary basis. The USDA is its o High-frequency RFID tags are used in library book or bookstore tracking, pallet tracking, building access control, airline baggage item tracking, and apparel and pharmaceutical tracking. High-frequency badges, currently developing own program.

tags are widely used in identification replacing earlier magnetic stripe cards. These badges need only be held within a certain RFID tags used in libraries: square book tag, round CD/DVD tag and rectangular VHS tag. holder. now distance The includes of the reader to authenticate the American a highExpress Blue credit card frequency RFID tag. o BGN has launched two fully automated Smart stores that combine item-

level RFID tagging and SOA from o UHF to deliver supply warehouse RFID tags in an chain, to are used case, shipping and and integrated consumer. commonly commercially pallet, container

factor o Hestnes

is

defined factor:

the Front

following way: reading range / sideways reading range. o The Hestnes factor can depend on the antenna geometry, surroundings and noise the

tracking,

readers reading range. It is named after the still alive antenna Hestnes. designer Ole

truck and trailer tracking in shipping yards. Animal identification:

RFID in inventory systems: o Implanted RFID tags are also used for or animal less identification. There are several more incompatible systems. o An such advanced as the automatic technology Auto-ID identification

system based on the Radio Frequency (RFID) Identification has the an by the between record and inventory. technology First, allows level

two values for inventory Antenna types: o The Hestnes factor is a practical factor which describes the reading zone around a RFID antenna. A RFID reading antenna range has a both systems. technology inventory eliminating discrepancy inventory physical visibility provided by this accurate knowledge on the

sideways and in front of the antenna. The Hestnes

Second, reduce RFID the the

the

RFID of the of

now being used in humans. An early experiment with RFID implants was conducted by British professor of cybernetics Kevin warwick who implanted a chip in his arm in 1998. Night clubs in Barcelona, Spain and in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, use an implantable chip to identify their VIP customers, who in turn use it to pay for drinks. Other: o Sensors such as seismic sensors may be read using RFID transceivers, greatly simplifying remote data collection. o Some embedded smart with cards RFID

technology can prevent or sources errors. Benefits of using include simplification of reduction of labour costs, business processes and the reduction Human implants: inventory inaccuracies.

Fig :(a)

chips are used as electronic cash, e.g. Smart Trip in Fig:(b) (a): Hand with the planned location (b): just after the operation to insert of the RFID chip the RFID tag was completed Implantable RFID chips designed for animal tagging are Washington, Easy Card DC, in USA, Taiwan,

Suica in Japan, T-Money in South Korea, Octopus Card in Hong Kong, and the Netherlands and Oyster Card on the London Underground in the United Kingdom to pay fares in

mass

transit

systems

o Used as storage for a video game system produced by Mattel, "Hyperscan". o RFIQ in, designed by Vita Craft, is an automatic cooking device that has three different sized pans, a portable induction heater, and recipe cards. Each pan is embedded with a RFID tag that monitors the food 16 times per second while a MI tag in the handle of the pans transmits signals to the induction heater to adjust the temperature. o Many more applications can be found in the literature.

and/or retails. The Chicago Transit Authority recently began technology Chicago Card. o In August 2004, the Ohio Department Rehabilitation Correction approved personnel technology wear attempted alert of a of and (ODRH) $415,000 tracking Alanco using in RFID their

contract to evaluate the

Technologies. Inmates will wristwatch-sized removal and transmitters that can detect prison computers.

This project is not the first rollout of tracking chips in US prisons. Facilities in Michigan, California and Illinois already employ the technology o Automatic timing at mass sports events "Champion Chip ".

Prisoners To Be Tracked Using RFID:

equipped which would enable real time tracking of staff and prisoners. Conclusion: RFID is a leading value in a world technology in which that can provide considerable maintenance cost and labour time is less. The technical issues associated with RFID are likely to be resolved as further investments

Prisoners Beware! If you are planning to get into some scuffle with your inmates or trying to break out of the prison then read this before taking any stupid step. In order to ascertain the position of its staff and prisoners ACT's first prison would be RFID

are made in the technology. Enough progress has been made at this time that trails for the first truly large scale rulers of RFID are beginning.