Terms adventitous breath sounds

Definitions Abnormal sounds heard with a stethescope with inspiration and/or expiration Can be continuous or discontinuous

alopecia

hair loss, baldness

angle of Louis

the junction between the body of the sternum and the manubrium; the starting point for locating the ribs anteriorly

antihelix

the anterior curve of the auricle's upper aspect

aphasia

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing Speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

astigmatism

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)

auricle

Flap of the ear

blanch test

a test during which the client's fingernail is temporarily pinched to assess capillary refill and peripheral circulation

bruit

An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ.

caries

tooth cavities

cataracts

eye disease in which the lens becomes covered in an opaque film that affects sight, eventually causing total blindness.

cerumen

the wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal

clubbing

elevation of the proximal aspect of the nail and softening of the nail bed

cochlea

a snail-shaped part of the ear, filled with fluid and small hairs that vibrate to incoming sound

conduction hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

conjuctivitis

inflammation of the conjuctiva; caused by irratation, allergy, or bacterial infection. ( pink eye)

crepitations

1. a dry, crackling sound like that of crumpled cellophane, produced by air in the subcutaneous tissue or by air moving through fluid in the alveoli of the lungs ; 2. a crackling, grating sound produced by bone rubbing against bone.

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

dacryocystitis

inflammation of the lacrimal sac causing obstruction of the tube draining tears into the nose

diastole

the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood, relaxation phase of the heartbeat

dullness

a thudlike sound produced during percussion by dense tissue of body organs such as the liver, spleen, or heart

duration

the legnth of time in which a sound is heard

edema

swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissues

erythema

abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)

eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

exophthalmos

protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

external auditory meatus

the entrance to the ear canal

extinction

the failure to perceive touch on one side of the body when two symetric areas of the body are touched simultaneously

flatness

an extremely dull sound produced, during percussion, by very dense tissue, such as muscle or bone

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

glaucoma

a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve

glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue. The tongue is painful, sometimes covered with ulcers, and swallowing is difficult.

goniometer

instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio = angle)

helix

the posterior curve of the auricle's upper aspect

hernia

rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes

hordeolum (sty)

a redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that

empty at the edge of the eyelids

hyperopia

abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects, farsightedness

hyperresonance

an abnormal booming sound produced during percussion of the lungs

incus

anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

intensity

the loudness or softness of a sound, amplitude

intention tremor

involuntary trembling when an individual attempts a voluntary movement

jaundice

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood

lift

an abnormal anterior movement of the chest related to enlargement of the right ventricle

lobule

ear lobe

malleus

hammer bone of the middle ear

manubrium

the handlelike superior part of the sternum that joins with the clavicles

mastoid

process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull, a bony prominence behind the ear

miosis

contricted pupils

mixed hearing loss

combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss

mydriasis

dilation of the pupil of the eye caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris, a muscular sheath that radiates outward like the spokes of a wheel from the center of the iris around the pupil. With a decrease in light or the pharmacologic action of certain drugs, the dilator acts to pull the iris outward, enlarging the pupil.

myopia

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina, abnormal refraction in which light rays focus in front of the retina

normocephalic

a medical term referring to a person whose head and all major organs of the head are in a normal condition and without significant abnormalities.

nystagmus

An involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs; may be lateral, vertical, or rotary

one-point discrimination

the ability to sense whether one or two areas of the skin are being stimulated by pressure

ossicles

three tiny bones in the middle ear

otoscope

An instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.

pallor

the absence of underlying red tones in the skin and may not be most readily in the buccal mucosa, paleness

parotitis

inflammation of the parotid salivary gland

periodontal disease

disorder of the supporting structures of the teeth,, a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth

perfusion

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the

capillaries.

pinna

the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear

pitch

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

plaque

an invisible soft film consisting of bacteria, molecules of saliva, and remnants of epithelial cells and leukocytes that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth

precordium

an area of the chest overlying the heart, the external surface of the body overlying the heart and stomach

presbyopia

farsightedness resulting from loss of elasticity of the lens due to aging

proprioceptors

Sensory receptors, located in the muscles and joints, that provide information about body position and movement.

pyorrhea

Flow of pus from the periodontal wound; an outdated term replaced by "periodontitis" or "Periodontal disease"

quality

a subjected description of sound

relfex

a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response

resonance

a low pitched, hollow sound produced over normal lung tissue when the chest is percussed

resting tremor

a tremor that is apparent when the client is at rest and diminishes with activity

S1

This is the first sound heard as the AV valves close & is heard loudest

at apex of heart. Heard at the left 5th intercostal space

S2

the second heart sound which occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close

semicircular canals

three loops of the fluid-filled tubes that are attached to the cochlea; They help us with our sense of balance

sensorineural hearing loss

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

sordes

accumulation of foul matter (food, microorganisms and epithelial elements) on the teeth and gums

stapes

the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea

stereognosis

finely localized touch. Without looking, ability to identify familiar objects by touch

sternum

the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs, breastbone

systole

to contract; period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery

tartar

an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums

thrill

a fine vibration, felt by an examiner's hand on a patient's body over the site of an aneurysm or on the precordium, resulting from turmoil in the flow of blood and indicating the presence of an organic murmur of grade 4 or greater intensity., Vibration felt on touching the body over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery)

tragus

the cartilaginous protrusion at the entrance to the ear canal

tremor

rhythmic involuntary movements due to basal ganglia disease/damage.

triangular fossa

a depression of the antihelix

two-point descrimination

minimum distance to perceive 2 independent stimuli

tympanic membrane

the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound, the eardrum

tympany

drumlike sound over a hollow organ

vestibule

middle part of the inner ear in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea that contains the utricle and saccule

visual acuity

the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance

visual fields

the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead

vitiligo

a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas