Joseph Fan
Centre for Institutions and Governance Chinese University of Hong Kong Session 1 Corporate Governance of Banks in Asia
Bali, Indonesia 8-9 September 2005 The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the OECD or its Member countries or the World Bank
Outline
The landscape of Asian bank ownership The governance traits of Asian banks
Family controlled banks State controlled banks
Public governance and bank governance Bank governance and corporate finance Conclusions
0.41 0.31
Family-Controlled State-Controlled Foreigner-Controlled
Others
40
20 10
Others
5.14
Foreigner controlled
State controlled
4.55
Family controlled
4.46
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.2
Because of the differences in business and financing models between the two classes of banks, the governance structures of the two types of banks are likely different
8
However, significant relations between bank performance and governance exist in a few sub-samples.
More analysis is needed to find out the explanations for the relations.
Assuming that the banks governance structures are chosen to adapt to their business environments, the lack of relation is what we should find
Advantages
High incentive to maximize profit and manage risk Strong social network and local knowledge
11
12
60% Guangzhou Chong Hing Property Dev. COSCO Pacific Lius Family
Other Investors
9.66%
20%
1.68%
23.55%
14
15
16
17
Economy
China Taiwan Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Korea (South) Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand United State United Kingdom
20
How much side payment is needed for firms to get 1 million bank loan in China?
Appl i cat i on f ee f or 1 m l l i on cor por at e l oan i 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0
Av er No ag rt e No h rt Ch hin Ea a st Ch M id in dl a e Ch in Ea a st Ch So in ut a h Ch in W es a t Ch in a
Co un tr
21
M id dl e
hEa st
So ut h
Ea st
C ou nt
N or t
N or t
W es t
ry
22
Wang Xuebing
Zhang Enzhao
25
26
Management Management *7 people *7 people ,, all from the Party Committee all from the Party Committee
27
28
What are needed for improving the governance of government banks? Making bank ownership transferable. This is usually done through privatization Firewall that prevents politicians from intervening banking decisions based on self-interests Mechanisms that prevent managerial entrenchment
29
30
Korea, Rep. Thailand Indonesia India Brazil Philippines China Austria Pakistan Italy Portugal Japan Finland Denm ark Switzerland Belgium France Hong Kong, China Canada M exico Ireland Peru Taiwan New Zealand Spain Chile Singapore M alaysia Netherlands Germ any Sweden Norway United States Australia United Kingdom Israel Turkey South Africa Greece
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
31
Canada Sweden New Zealand United States Australia Norway Finland Ireland Switzerland Mexico Denmark India Netherlands South Africa Chile Portugal Brazil France Belgium United Kingdom Germany Philippines Israel Japan Spain Austria Korea, Rep. Hong Kong, China Italy Pakistan Peru Taiwan Turkey Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Singapore China Greece
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
Cross country pattern of corporate debt maturity (Fan, Titman, Twite, 2004)
32
34
0.4
0.35
Unrelated Firms
0.3
0.25
Briber+Related Firms
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
35
Rent Seeking and Long-term Debt Financing in China (Fan, Rui, Zhau)
Mean Long Term Debt/Assets (Briber+Related and Unrelated Firms)
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
Unrelated Firms
0.06
0.05
Briber+Related Firms
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
36
Rent Seeking and Corporate Debt Maturity in China (Fan, Rui, Zhau)
Mean Maturity - Long Term Debt/Total Debt (Briber+Related and Unrelated Firms)
0.35
0.3
Unrelated Firms
0.25
0.2
Briber+Related Firms
0.15
0.1
0.05
37
Conclusions
Corporate governance of banks in Asia is fundamentally shaped by the banks business strategy, ownership, and more fundamentally public governance and government regulations There is no strong evidence that deviation of western governance practices hurt bank performance Governance reforms merely at the bank level alone are unlikely to be effective Deeper reforms at the country level, such as fighting corruption, will result in changes in bank governance
38