Artigos indefinido e definido

Professora Andressa Menezes

Artigos so palavras que precedem os substantivos para indetermin-los ou determin-los. Assim como em portugus, os artigos so classificados em indefinidos (a/an um, uma) e definidos (the o,a,os,as). Os artigos indefinidos (a/an) indicam os seres de modo vago, impreciso. J o artigo definido (the), de modo geral, indica seres determinados, conhecidos da pessoa que fala ou escreve. Artigos Indefinidos: A/AN Em ingls, os substantivos no tem feminino ou masculino, portanto a e an so usados frente de qualquer substantivo no singular. A diferena entre as duas formas est centrada no som inicial da prxima palavra. Se a palavra que segue o artigo for iniciada por som consonantal ou semivoclico (y/w), usa-se a forma A. No caso de palavras iniciadas por sons voclicos, a forma preferida AN. Exemplos: an orange - a girl - a house an hour - a (y)university a (w)one-way street a (y)uniform 01. Preencha os espaos em branco usando "a" ou "an". a) We had.....egg left and.......cake to make. b) Its......honor for me to be here. c) We did it all in......hour. d) She wears.......uniform every day. e) You need........little more time. f) It was.......university in Brazil. g) She had......great time. O artigo indefinido (a/an) usado: 1) antes de nomes que esto sendo mencionados pela primeira vez no contexto ou que no sejam de domnio pblico. A girl is waiting for you in the hall. (Uma garota est esperando por voc no salo) 2) antes de nomes que denotam profisses: Helen is a teacher and her husband is an engineer. (Helen professora e seu marido engenheiro). 3) antes de nomes que denotam religio ou nacionalidade: Peter is a devout Catholic. (Peter um devoto catlico). Porm, quando a mesma palavra usada como adjetivo, o artigo no pode ser usado: His wife is Jewish. (nesse caso, Jewish um adjetivo). (Sua mulher judia). 4) obrigatrio o emprego do artigo indefinido depois das palavras what (que) e such (tal, tais, to), precedendo substantivos contveis: What a nice couple. (Que casal agradvel). He is such a common guy. (Ele um cara to comum). O artigo definido (the) usado: 1) antes de nomes (precedidos ou no de adjetivos): The beautiful girl around the corner is my sister (A menina bonita ali na esquina minha irm) 2) antes do nome de instrumentos musicais: She can play the piano (Ela sabe tocar piano)

3) antes dos nomes de famlia: The Kennedys (= a famlia Kennedy) 4) antes de nomes de oceanos, mares, rios, ilhas, pases, hotis, cinemas, trens, teatros, navios: the Pacific Ocean (o Oceano Pacfico) 5) antes dos representantes de uma classe ou espcie (em alguns casos, adjetivos substantivados): the rich and the poor (o rico e o pobre), the working class (a classe trabalhadora) 6) antes de substantivos nicos: the Earth (a Terra), the Sun (O Sol) O artigo no usado: 1) antes de nomes de pessoas, de campos do estudo, lnguas e esporte: I love Beth. She teaches History. 2) antes de nomes incontveis que se referem a algo geral: Money is not the most importante thing in life. (O dinheiro no a coisa mais importante na vida). 3) antes de nomes no plural que se referem a algo geral: New directors always have fresh ideas (Novos diretores sempre tem idias novas). 4) antes de substantivos abstratos: Happiness is inside our hearts. (A felicidade est em nossos coraes). 5) antes de adjetivos possessivos: A: Which blouse is yours? B: My blouse is the pink one. (A: Qual blusa sua? Minha blusa a rosa.) 6) antes de home (lar, casa), church (igreja), school (escola), hospital, bed (cama), prison (priso), usados com o propsito original geral. I go to church (to pray). I go to school (to study). 7) Para se referir a partes do corpo, usam-se adjetivos possessivos e no os artigos: Feche os olhos (Close your eyes), Ele mexeu o brao (He moved his arm). 02. (ITA) ___ Pacific and ___ Atlantic are ___ oceans. ___ Alps are ___ mountains, and ___ Amazon is a river. (a) The / / the/ /the/ (b) / the / / / / the (c) The / the / / the / / the (d) The / the / / / / the (e) The / the / the / the / the / the 03. (UNIP) Its ___ honor to meet ___ young lady from ___ Sweden. (a) a / an / an (b) an / a / a (c) a / an / a (d) an / a / (e) a / a / a

04. ___ one-dollar bill is ___ useful thing for changes when buying goods. a) a a b) the a c) a an d) ...... - the 05. ___ Rhine is ___ longest river in ___ Germany. (a) - a - ... (b) - the - ... (c) the - the - ... (d) ... - the the (e) the - the - the

06. ______ watches that they build in Switzerland have ____ high reputation. (a) the the (b) the - (c) ... / ... (d) the / an (e) the / a

07. (MACKENZIE) ___ copper is not ___ expensive metal but ___ copper of this vase is very special: it came from ____ Peru. (a) ... / a / the / ... (b) the / a / a / the (c) ... / the / a / an (d) a / an / the / ... (e) ... / an / the / ... 08. Read the following dictionary definitions. 1. The desire for and the attempt to achieve political independence for your country or nation. 2. Any small group in society that is different from the rest with reference to their race, religion and political beliefs. 3. The customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time. 4. The condition of being different or having differences; variety. 5. The people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, background or nationality.

Now match the words below to their correspondent definitions.

( ) Culture ( ) Community ( ) Minority ( ) Diversity ( ) Nationalism

The correct sequence is: a) 5,2,3,1,4 b) 3,5,2,4,1 c) 4,1,2,5,3 d) 2,3,1,4,5 e) 1,4,5,3,2

(EEAR-2012) Read the text and answer the questions 09 and 10: The Freshman Fifteen A freshman is a first-year college student. Fifteen refers to fifteen pounds - the fifteen pounds added to a students weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first-year university students gain weight; but its encouraging to know that freshmen dont have to add these harmful fifteen pounds. (Taken from Active Skills for Reading) pound = libra (unidade monetria e medida de peso equivalente a 454 gramas)

09. According to the text, the freshman fifteen is a) the fifteen wrong reasons to add weight. b) the average age students enter the university. c) weight that first-year university students can gain. d) the amount of food students eat a day in their first-year college. 10. The adjective harmful , in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to a) deadly b) harmless c) beneficial d) damaging

Numerais Cardinais e Ordinais

Os nmeros cardinais demonstram uma numerao, enquanto que os ordinais, como seu prprio nome diz, nos dizem uma ordem a ser seguida.
Nmeros de 1 a 10 Cardianais
0 Zero 1 One 2 Two 3 Three 4 Four 5 Five 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Nine 10 Ten

Ordinais
1st First 2nd Second 3rd Third 4th Fourth 5th Fifth 6th Sixth 7th Seventh 8th Eighth 9th Ninth 10th Tenth

Nmeros de 20 a 90
20 Twenty 30 Thirty 40 Forty 50 Fifty 60 Sixty 70 Seventy 80 Eighty 90 Ninety 20th Twentieth 30th Thirtieth 40th Fortieth 50th Fiftieth 60th Sixtieth 70th Seventieth 80th Eightieth 90th Ninetieth

Nota: Os nmeros ordinais at o nmero 20 tm denominao prpria. A partir do nmero 20, a parte da dezena representada pela dezena em nmero cardinal e a parte da unidade representada pelo nmero ordinal de 1 a 9. Ex: 66th - sixty-sixth (sixty = 60, sixth = 6).

(EEAR-2012) In The right foot is more ticklish than the left one, the word, in bold type, is a) an article b) a numeral c) a pronoun d) an adjective

GLOSSARY: ticklish - ter ccegas

Nmeros de 11 a 19 Cardinais
11 Eleven 12 Twelve 13 Thirteen 14 Fourteen 15 Fifteen 16 Sixteen 17 Seventeen 18 Eighteen 19 Nineteen

Ordinais
11th Eleventh 12th Twelfth 13th Thirteenth 14th Fourteenth 15th Fifteenth 16th Sixteenth 17th Seventeenth 18th Eighteenth 19th Nineteenth

Nmeros acima de 100

100 One hundred 200 Two hundred 3,000 Three thousand 5,000,000 Five million 10,000,000,000 Ten billion
100th One hundredth 200th Two hundredth 3,000th Three thousandth 5,000,000th Five millionth 10,000,000,000th Ten billionth