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IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL.

3, 2004

227

Ultrawide-band Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Rectangular Slot Antenna


R. Chair, Member, IEEE, A. A. Kishk, Fellow, IEEE, and K. F. Lee, Fellow, IEEE
AbstractAn ultrawide-band coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed slot antenna is presented. A rectangular slot antenna is excited by a 50- CPW with a U-shaped tuning stub. The impedance bandwidth, from both measurement and simulation, is about ). The antenna radiates bi-directionally. 110% ( The radiation patterns obtained from simulations are found to be stable across the matching band and experimental verication is provided at the high end of the band.

S11

10 dB

Index TermsSlot antennas.

I. INTRODUCTION RINTED microstrip slot antennas have attracted much attention due to its low prole, lightweight and ease of integration with monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC). However, its narrow bandwidth is a drawback [1]. Techniques on bandwidth enhancement of the slot antennas have been reported in [2][4]. When the antenna is fed by a microstrip line, misalignment can result because etching is required on both sides of the dielectric substrate. The alignment error can be eliminated if a coplanar waveguide feed is used to excite the slot, since etching of the slot and the feeding line is one sided. Some bandwidth enhancement techniques using the CPW-fed slot antennas have resulted in about 60% impedance bandwidth [5]. This paper presents an ultrawide-band coplanar waveguide fed rectangular slot antenna etched on a thin substrate. A U-shaped tuning stub is used to enhance the bandwidth of the slot antenna. Measured and simulated impedance bandwidth of 110% is achieved for this antenna. The radiation patterns are bidirectional. The patterns obtained from the simulation are stable across the matching band and veried experimentally at the high end of the band. An average gain of more than 2 dBi is obtained. The simulation software used is IE3D 10.1 [6]. II. ANTENNA STRUCTURES Fig. 1 shows the proposed printed slot antenna. The slot is ) 10 cm ( ) etched at the center of a 10-cm ( ground plane. The substrate has a dielectric constant and thickness ( ) mm, where is the freespace wavelength at the center frequency 6.14 GHz. The rectan(0.65 ) and length gular slot has a width (0.43 ). A 50- coplanar waveguide with slot width
Manuscript received July 8, 2004. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-0220218. The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Applied Electromagnetic Systems Research (CAESR), the University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA (e-mail: rchair@ieee.org). Digital Object Identier 10.1109/LAWP.2004.836580

Fig. 1. Geometry of the CPW-Fed rectangular slot antenna (units in mm).

Fig. 2. Measured and simulated return loss. simulation.

0000000 measurement, - - - - - -

and center conductor width is used. In addition, a U-shaped tuning stub embedded within the slot terminates the CPW feed. The stub has a total length and width . The -axis is of the antenna symmetry line. Detailed dimensions are shown in Fig. 1.

1536-1225/04$20.00 2004 IEEE

228

IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 3, 2004

Fig. 3. Measured radiation patterns at 9 GHz. (10 dB/Div). (a) E-Plane Co-Pol, - - - - - - X-Pol. (yz-plane). (b) H-Plane (xz-plane).

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III. RESULTS Fig. 2 shows the measured and simulated return loss of the CPW-fed slot antennas. The resonant frequencies of the simulation and measurement results are in good agreement within the matching frequency band 2.799.48 GHz, which corresponds to dB). The wide an impedance bandwidth of 110% ( bandwidths are due to the multiple resonances introduced by the combination of the rectangular slot and the U-shaped stub. The resonant frequency and bandwidth are controlled by the size of the rectangular slot and tuning stub. Details studies of the effect of the various parameters are lengthy and are not included in this letter. Figs. 3 and 4 show the measured and simulated radiation patterns, respectively; at 9 GHz, Fig. 3(a) contains the -plane patterns and Fig. 3(b) the -plane patterns. Note that the slot antenna radiates bidirectionally, with similar radiation level in both directions. The 3 dB beamwidths at 9 GHz are 100 and 46 in the -plane and -plane, respectively. The copolar to cross-polar level is 18 dB in the -plane and 8 dB in the -plane within the 3-dB beamwidth of the main beams. Fig. 4(a)(c)

Fig. 4. GHz.

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0 0 0 0 0 Co-Pol (E-Plane/yz-plane), 00 Co-Pol (H-Plane/xz-plane), 00


X-Pol (H-Plane/xz-plane).

Simulated radiation patterns. (10 dB/Div). (a) 3 GHz. (b) 6 GHz. (c) 9

CHAIR et al.: ULTRAWIDE-BAND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FED RECTANGULAR SLOT ANTENNA

229

shows the simulated radiation patterns at 3, 6, and 9 GHz, respectively. Since our anechoic chamber is for X-band, we are only able to verify experimentally the patterns at the high end of the band, i.e., 9 GHz. When comparing the measured results to the simulation results as shown in Fig. 4(c), good agreement is obtained at 9 GHz. Both the -plane and -plane patterns give similar beamwidths and shapes. Notice that the cross-polarization level increases at 6 GHz because the stub arm length is close to a half wavelength at this frequency range. Also, it can be seen that the beamwidth is wider at the lower end of the frequency band. The average gain, obtained from simulation, is dBi dBi across the matching band. about IV. CONCLUSION A new ultrawide-band coplanar waveguide fed rectangular slot antenna on a thin substrate was presented. The wide-bandwidth of 110% was achieved by using a U-shaped tuning stub.

Results obtained from the numerical simulation showed that the antenna had stable bidirectional radiation patterns across the operating band. The radiation patterns were experimentally veried at the upper end of the band. REFERENCES
[1] Y. Yoshimura, A microstripline slot antenna, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-20, pp. 760762, Nov. 1972. [2] P. H. Rao, Feed effects on the dimensions of wideband slot antennas, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 7779, Jan. 2004. [3] J. Y. Sze and K. L. Wong, Bandwidth enhancement of a microstripline-fed printed wide-slot antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, pp. 10201024, July 2001. [4] X. Qing, M. Y. W. Chia, and X. Wu, Wide-slot antenna for UWB applications, in Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. USNC/CNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, vol. 1, 2003, pp. 834837. [5] H. D. Chen, Broadband CPW-Fed square slot antennas with a wideband tuning stub, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 19821985, Aug. 2003. [6] IE3D 10.1, Zeland Software, Inc., Fremont, CA.

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