Teachers Guide for the Special Exhibit February September 2010

PreparedbytheHistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty 2010HistoricalSocietyofPalmBeachCounty

WarinFloridaWaters19421943 EyesoftheHomeSkies
ExhibitDates:February September2010

RememberingCoastalPatrol3,CivilAirPatrol
DuringtheopeningmonthsofWorldWarIIalittleknownstoryofthewartookplaceatLantanaAirportinPalm BeachCounty.Forseventeenmonths,agroupofvolunteersservingintheCivilAirPatrolhelpedfightoneof thebiggestthreatstoourcountryssafety:GermansubmarinescalledUBoats.Theyhuntedtheirpreyalong theEastCoastoftheUnitedStatesandintheGulfofMexico.MenandwomenoftheCivilAirPatrol volunteeredtheirtimeandresourcestohelpprotectourshoresfromtheUboatmenace. EuropewasalreadyatwarandtheGermanUboatsweredestroyingalliedshippingintheAtlantic.By1940the fourthousandstrongFloridaNationalGuardhadbeencalledintoservice.Thisleftthestatewithoutanyoneto respondtostateemergencies.TheFloridaLegislatureandGovernorSpessardHollandestablishedtheFlorida DefenseForceinApril1941.OnemonthlatertheFirstAirSquadron,anaviationdivisionoftheFloridaDefense Force,wasestablishedatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach.OnDecember1,1941justsixdaysbeforethe JapaneseattackonPearlHarbortheCivilAirPatrolwasestablishedandtheFirstAirSquadronwasassimilated intotheCivilAirPatrol.WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastswereableto puttheirskillsandprivate,lightplanestouseforcivildefenseefforts. Thetemporaryexhibition,whichcommemoratesthehistoryofCivilAirPatrolsCoastalPatrol3,isafascinating storyisonewhoseimpactisstillfeltandrememberedinthiscommunity.TheCivilAirPatrol(CAP)workedto fillthewartimevoidbyprovidingsmallcivilianairplanesforantisubmarinepatrolsalongthecoastuntilthe militarycouldtakeoverthemission.Exhibithighlightsinclude:cartoonsandanauthenticCAPuniformfrom ZackMosley,nationallyknowncomicstripartist;WorldWarIICAPinsigniaandhats,replicaofalifesaving deviceknownasabarracudabucket;andotherartifacts. ThisexhibitismadepossiblebythegeneroussponsorshipsoftheMarshallE.Rinker,Sr.Foundation,Inc.and FloridaAirmotive,Inc.

TeachersGuidetotheSpecialExhibit WarinFloridaWaters19421943: EyesoftheHomeSkies

ForTeachers:Allsectionsofthisguidemaybereproducedforyourstudents. SuggestedActivities Pleaseseepages SuggestedReading Burnham,FrankA. HeroNextDoor:TheStoryoftheCivilAirPatrol Hoyt,EdwinP. Uboatsoffshore:WhenHitlerStruckAmerica Gannon,Michael. OperationDrumbeat:TheDramaticTrueStoryofGermanys FirstUBoatAttacksAlongtheAmericanCoastinWorldWarII Hickham,HomerH.Jr.TorpedoJunction:UBoatWaroffAmericasEastCoast,1942 Keefer,LouisE. FromMainetoMexico:WithAmerica'sPrivatePilotsin theFightagainstNaziUBoats Morison,SamuelEliot. TheBattleoftheAtlantic,September1939May1943,Vol.1 Neprud,RobertE.FlyingMinuteMen,thestoryoftheCivilAirPatrol Paterson,Lawrence. UBoatWarPatrol:TheHiddenPhotographicDiaryofU564 WebsitestoVisit NationalMuseumoftheCivilAirPatrol CAPCoastalPatrolHistory60Years HistoryoftheCivilAirPatrol OperationDrumbeat UBoatArchive Uboat GermanUBoatsandBattleoftheAtlantic

http://www.caphistory.org http://history.nhq.cap.gov www.armedforceshistory.org/Civil_Air_Patrol_History.html http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm http://www.uboatarchive.net http://www.uboat.net http://www.uboataces.com

FloridaSunshineStateStandards
4th Grade SocialStudies SS.4.A.1.1 SS.4.A.1.2 SS.4.A.7.3 SS.4.A.9.1 LanguageArts LA.4.1.6.1 LA.4.2.2.2 LA.4.4.1.1 Analyzeprimaryandsecondaryresourcestoidentifyindividualsandevents throughoutFloridaHistory. SynthesizeinformationrelatedtoFloridahistorythroughprintand electronicmedia. IdentifyFloridasRoleinWorldWarII. UtilizetimelinestosequencekeyeventsinFloridaHistory.

Usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly. Useinformationfromthetexttoanswerquestionsrelatedtoexplicitlystatedmain ideasorrelevantdetails. Writenarrativesbasedonrealorimaginedideas,events,orobservationsthatinclude characters,setting,plot,sensorydetails,alogicalsequenceofevents,andacontext toenablethereadertoimaginetheworldoftheeventorexperience. Selectatopicforinquiry,refineapredeterminedsearchplan.

LA.4.6.2.1 VisualArts VA.A.1.2.1

VA.A.1.2.4

Useandorganizetwodimensionalandthreedimensionalmedia, techniques,tools,andprocessestoproduceworksofartthatare derivedfrompersonalexperience,observation,orimagination. Usegoodcraftsmanshipinavarietyoftwodimensionalandthree dimensionalmedia.

8th Grade SocialStudies SS.8.A.1.2

Analyzecharts,graphs,maps,photographsandtimelines;analyze politicalcartoons;determinecauseandeffect.

LanguageArts LA.8.1.6.1 LA.8.3.5.1

Thestudentwill usenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaughtdirectly Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat appropriatetoaudienceandpurpose(e.g.,manuscript,multimedia).

9th12th Grades SocialStudies SS.912.A.6.1

Examinecauses,course,andconsequencesofWorldWarIIontheUnitedStatesand theworld.UnderstandthecausesandcourseofWorldWarII,thecharacterofthe warathomeandabroad,anditsreshapingoftheUnitedStatesroleinthepostwar world. TracethecausesandkeyeventsrelatedtoWorldWarII.

SS.912.W.7.7 LanguageArts LA.910.1.6.1 LA.1112.1.6.1 LA.910.3.5.1 LA.1112.3.5.1

Thestudentwillusenewvocabularythatisintroducedandtaught directly Thestudentwill preparewritingusingtechnologyinaformat Appropriatetothepurpose(e.g.,fordisplay,multimedia).

Vocabulary
Advocate Someonewhodefendsormaintainsacauseorproposal; someonewhosupportsorpromotestheinterestsof another. Abarracudabucketisahomemadeflotationdeviceandis agreencanvasbagattachedtoalargerubberinnertube. Anicknamecivilianaviatorscalledtheirsmallaircraft. Othernicknameswereaerialeggbeater,grasshopper, andflyingjeep. TheConsolidatedPBYCatalinawasanAmericanflying boatinthe1930sand1940sproducedbyConsolidated Aircraft.DuringWorldWarII,everybranchofthemilitary usedthePBY.PBYswereusedinantisubmarinepatrols, convoyescorts,searchandrescuemissions,andcargo transport. ThisisGermanfordrumbeat.Thenamewasgivento theGermanOperationPaukenschlag inJanuary1942 whenGermanUboatsattackedalliedshippingalong theU.S.eastcoast. Unterseeboot isGermanforunderseaboatorsubmarine. TheabbreviatedversionisUBootorinEnglishUboat. Apersonalflotationdevice(alsoreferredtoas, lifejacket,lifepreserver,MaeWest,lifevest,etc.)is adevicedesignedtoassistawearer,either consciousorunconscious,tokeepafloatwithhisor hermouthandnose(airway)ofhisorherhead's faceabovethewatersurfacewheninoronwater.

BarracudaBucket

PuddleJumper

PBY

Paukenschlag

Unterseeboot

MaeWest

BackgroundInformationforTeachers WarinFloridaWaters19421943:EyesoftheHomeSkies
PreludetoWar AswarloomedoverEuropeinthelate1930s,Americancivilianaviatorsbegantakingacritical lookatUnitedStatesairpower.Someaviationenthusiaststhoughtthemilitarysairforceswere unprepared,illequipped,andincapableofdefendingtheextensivecoastlineoftheUnitedStates shouldwarcometoAmerica.Civilianpilotscametogetherindifferentgroupsatlocalairportsto discussthesituationandtopreparetheirplanesforuseincaseofanationalemergency.Atthe forefrontofthismovementwasGillRobbWilson,thefatheroftheCivilAirPatrol. Inthemid1930sWilson,NewYorkHeraldTribune aviationeditor,DirectorofAviationforNew Jersey,andpresidentoftheNationalAeronauticsAssociation,traveledtoGermany.Duringhis visit,GermanLuftwaffecommandgaveWilsonunprecedentedaccesstoobserveGerman militaryaircraftandtraining.HeevenattendedaspeechgivenbyAdolphHitlerinNuremberg. OnhisreturntriptotheU.S.,Germanysgrowingairpowerworriedhim.Wilsonconcludedthat Germanywaspreparingforwar.Hebelieved,asdidotherAmericanaviators,thatairpowerwas thekeytonationaldefense.EtchedintoWilsonsmemorywasaremarkmadebyaGerman Armyofficer.Theofficer,whohadbeentotheU.S.,said,Youreastcoastisthebestsubmarine huntinggroundintheworld. AfterWilsonreturnedtohishomeinNewJersey,hesawcivilaviationasayetuntapped resourcetobecalleduponintheeventofanationalemergency.Civilianpilotscouldprovide usefulservicestothenationinacrisisbyprovidinginformation,patrols,disasterrelief,and transportation.WilsondiscussedwithNewJerseyGovernorCharlesEdisonwhatNewJersey coulddointheeventofanationalorstateemergency.WithEdisonsapproval,Wilsonbegan organizingastatecivilianairforcecalledtheNewJerseyCivilAirDefenseServices.On1 September1939,GermanyattackedPolandlaunchingWorldWarII. FloridaPreparesforWar InreactiontothedeclarationsofwarinEurope,in1940theU.S.Congressapproveda peacetimedraftandincreasedthebudgetforthemilitary.PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,in turn,declaredastateofemergency,allowingtheactivationoftheNationalGuardforfederal service.WiththeNationalGuardfederalized,CongressamendedtheNationalDefenseActin October1940allowingeachstatetoestablishanarmedforcetomeettheirinternalsecurity needs. InNovember1940,the4,000manFloridaNationalGuardwascalledintofederalservice. GovernorElectSpessardL.HollandestablishedtheStateDefenseCounciltoorganizeciviliansto defendFlorida.DuringHollandsinauguralspeech,hepointedoutthatbecauseofFloridas strategicpositionbetweentheAtlanticOceanandGulfofMexico,thestatehadtomake preparationsforitsowndefense. AfterthelastofFloridasNationalGuardunitsenteredactivefederalserviceinJanuary1941, Hollandorderedthecreationofastateguard.hestatelegislaturepassedChapter20314creating theFloridaDefenseForce,astateguard,tooperatewhiletheNationalGuardisinfederal service.Thecreationofthedefenseforcewasoneoftheearliestciviliandefenseforces organizedintheUnitedStates.Atotalforceof2,105menandwomencomprisedof34infantry companiesof62meneachwouldbecalledfortotakeoverthedutiesoftheNationalGuard. OncetheNationalGuardreturnedtostatecontrol,theFDFwouldbedischargedfromstate service.

OncetheFDFwasestablished,CompanyE,7th Battalion(laterredesignatedasthe8th Battalion)wasformedinWestPalmBeachinJuly1941.UnderthecommandofCaptainRichard D.Hill,theunitestablisheditscompanyheadquartersattheNationalGuardArmorybuildingin WestPalmBeach,nowtheArmoryArtCenter,leftvacantbythefederalizationofCompanyC, 124th Infantry. Floridasvastcoastlinepresentedaseriousdefenseproblemforthestate.Thoughlandunits couldprovidepatrols,therewerelargeuninhabitedareasalongthecoast.Ananswertothis problemwasacivilianaviationcorpstopatrolthecoastalareasfromtheair.BymidMay1941, AdjutantGeneralVivianCollinshadgivenhisapprovalfortheformationofanairsquadronat MorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeachandappointedWrightIkeVermilya,Jr.,presidentofPalm BeachAeroCorporation,ascommander.Vermilyawasanexperiencedaviator,aircraftdealer, WorldWarIpilot,andformerNationalGuardofficer.InJanuary1929,Vermilyahadbecomethe headofEmbryRiddleFlightSchoolinDaytonaBeach,Florida.Nineyearslater,Vermilya managedPalmBeachAeroCorporationatMorrisonFieldinWestPalmBeach.InMay1941,he waschosentoheadthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce.TheninDecember,Vermilyawas selectedtocommandtheFloridaWingoftheCivilAirPatrolwithhisheadquartersinWestPalm Beach.VermilyarosetotherankofcolonelandreceivedthemilitarysAirMedalforhisservice flyingantisubmarinepatrolsduringWorldWarII. ThesquadronsmissionsincludedpatrollingFloridascoastline,searchandrescue,and guardingciviliancentersfromtheair.Duringlocalemergencies,itwouldassisttroopsand transportequipmentfromthestatearsenalinSt.Augustinetovariouslocationsthroughout Florida.However,thecivilianairunitcouldnotbecalledontoengageinhostilities. On28May1941,Collinsmusteredinthe1st AirSquadron,FloridaDefenseForce.The squadronincludedtechnical,headquarters,communications,engineering,andphotographic sections,plusthreeflightsoffivepilotseach.VermilyasstaffincludedCecilZekeCornelius, executiveofficer;EdForbes,adjutant;Dr.H.A.Wakefield,flightsurgeon;JakeBoyd,engineer; ThorneDonnelly,communicationsofficer;JohnArtKeil,photographicofficer;JohnPrince, supplyofficer;WallyMaier,operationsofficer;andflightcommandersJ.RoyHime,FlightA; MarshallE.DocRinker,FlightB;andTedKeys,FlightC.Theenlistedranksincludedonefirst sergeant,twomastersergeants,fivestaffsergeants,thirteensergeants,andtwentyprivates. CivilAirPatrol AfterFiorelloLaGuardia,formermayorofNewYorkCity,wasappointedtoheadthenew federalOfficeofCivilDefense,establishedbypresidentialorderinMay1941,heworkedwithGill RobbWilson;GuyP.Gannett,ownerofachainofMainenewspapers;ThomasBeck,Chairmanof CrowellCollierPublishingCompany;andlaterReedLandis,todevelopaplanforanationalcivil airpatrol.Theplanwastoformaminutemanforcetogainvaluabletimeforthemilitaryto prepareforthedefenseofthenation.WilsonusedNewJerseysCivilAirDefenseServicesasthe modelforthenationalplan.Inlate1941theteampresentedtheplantoLaGuardia,who reviewedandsentittoGeneralHenryH.HapArnold,commanderoftheArmyAirCorps. Arnoldlikedtheideaandappointedaboardofarmyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan.Aftera thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedtheplan.Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnold foresawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcouldmaketowardsthedefenseofthecountryand theassistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary. JustsixshortdaysbeforetheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,underpresidentialexecutive order,LaGuardiasignedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishingtheCivilAirPatrol.TheCAP wouldbolsterthenationscoastaldefensesandperformawiderangeofdutiesincluding searchingforenemysubmarines,borderpatrols,andrescuemissions.Withtheestablishmentof

theCAP,civilianpilotsandaviationenthusiastscouldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,light planestouseforcivildefenseefforts.Theopportunitytousetheapproximately100,000civilian aviatorsandtheir23,000privateaircraftfornationaldefensewasanadvantageforboththe civilianpilotsandthemilitary.Essentially,theuseofcivilianplaneswouldallowmilitaryaircraft toperformmoreimmediatemilitarymissions.Formanycivilianpilots,thiswastheonlywaythey couldflybecausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilianflightsexceptcommercialairlinesafterthe attackonPearlHarbor. Manyofthesmallcivilianplanes,suchastheStinsonVoyager,were affectionatelynicknamed,puddlejumpersbecausetheyweresmallplaneswithlow horsepowerengines.Othernicknamesfortheseplaneswereflyingjeep,grasshopper,or aerialeggbeater. OnSundaymorning,7December1941,theJapaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii,thrusting theU.S.intowar.NotuntilthateveningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneakattackonthe Americannavalbase.GermanofficialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplantoattackU.S.territory. HadtheGermansknownwhatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeenabletoparticipateby unleashingasurpriseattackontheAmericaneastcoast. AftertheU.S.declaredwaronJapan,theGermangovernmentinturndeclaredwaronthe UnitedStates.HitlerthenorderedUboatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast.AstheNew Yearbegan,theGermanslaunchedOperationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)inJanuary1942against thevulnerableU.S.eastcoast,andthenlatercarryed thecampaignintotheCaribbeanandGulf ofMexico.ThefirstvictimwastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedbyU123whichwas commandedbyKapitanleutnant Reinhard Hardegen on12January1942offCapeCod, Massachusetts.IntheearlymonthsofOperationPaukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfound virtuallynoeffectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeastcoastduringthefirstmonthsofthe Uboatcampaign.GermanUboatmen,whocrossedtheAtlantictoattackalliedshippingalong theU.S.eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappytimes. InJanuary1942,adozentankersandfreightersweresunkordamagedbyUboatsoperating alongtheeastcoast;withintwomonths,thenumberincreasedtofortytwosunkordamaged ships.ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsandapproximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoUboat attacks.AfterApril,theU.S.militarywasfinallyabletolauncheffectivecountermeasuresto combatUboatattackswhicheventuallystoppedby1943.Partofthecountermeasureswasthe useoftheCivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfromthelastdayofFebruary1942to August1943. AU.S.NavalreportlaterstatedTheAxissubmarinecampaignwaswellplanned.Nowhere elseintheworldcould(Germany)findsuchaconcentrationofshipsinsuchasmallarea. NorthboundshipscruisedtheGulfStreamwhilesouthboundshipswerefunneledbetweenthe GulfStreamandtheeastcoastofFlorida.TheUnitedStatesshippinglanesoffFloridawerethe secondbusiestintheU.S.andratedsixthintheworld.OneoutofeverytwelveshipssunkbyU boatsoccurredinFloridawaters. AdmiralErnestKing,CommanderinChief,U.S.Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing civilaviatorstocarryoutantisubmarinepatrols.Ontheotherhand,theArmyAirCorpshadno objections.AfewdaysaftertheCAPbeganitspatrolduties,AdmiralAdolphus Andrews, Commander,NorthAtlanticNavalCoastalFrontier,triedtopersuadetheNavytousetheCAP. AndrewsthoughtthisscarecrowforcewouldbeabletorestrictGermannavaloperationsalong theU.S.eastcoast.Kingsreplywassimplethescarecrowpatrolwasrejectedongroundsof operationaldifficulties.However,afterafewmonthsinoperation,theNavygrudgingly recognizedthesuccessofCAPcoastalpatrols. WithArmyAirCorpsapproval,threebaseswereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonthtrial periodtoevaluateCAPperformance.TheexperimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlanticCity,

NewJersey;Rehoboth,Delaware(bothestablishedon28February1942);andWestPalmBeach, Florida,on30March1942.AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeachasoneofthe experimentalbasesmaybebecausePalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStreamthan anywhereelseontheeastcoast.Thisshippinglanebecameaprimetargetforenemynaval attacks.Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasuccessthateighteenadditionalbasesquickly organizedalongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoaststretchingfromMainetoTexas.Altogether, fivebaseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3),FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota(CP 13),andPanamaCity(CP14). CoastalPatrolBaseNo.3 On30March1942,CAPsCoastalPatrol3wasofficiallyestablishedabsorbingthemembersof the1st AirSquadron.FromApril1942toMay1943,theunitwouldflyfourteenmissionsaday. Thefirstpatrolsconsistedofonlyoneplaneperpatrol.However,inmidMay1942,thispractice changedtotwoaircraftperpatrolafterCAPCoastalPatrolaircraftwerearmedwithbombs. Throughouttheunitsseventeenmonthsofantisubmarinepatrols,CP3wasinvolvedwith searchingforenemysubmarines,locatingsinkingshipsandassistingintherescueofthe survivors,searchingfordownedaircraft,andsavingshipsfromUboatattacks.Theirpatrolarea, fromthePalmBeachareanorthtoMelbourneandback,comprisedapproximately120milesof coastlineandupto60milesouttosea.Thepilotsandobserverswouldscanthewaterand beachesforfloatingwreckage,debris,oilslicks,raftsandlifeboatsofsurvivors,periscopes,and Uboats.ThelastflightwouldspendthenightattheBananaRiverNavalAirStation(nowPatrick AirForceBase)thenreturnthefollowingmorning.Thetwopatrolplanesflewatdifferent altitudes,oneatfivehundredfeetandtheotheratonethousandfeet.Twopairsofplaneswould takeoffforpatrol,oneheadingnorthfromtheLantanaareaandtheotherheadingsouthfrom BananaRiverNAS. DeadlyEncounters TendaysafterCoastalPatrol3beganflyingantisubmarinepatrols,theU.S.freighterSS Leslie fellvictimtoU123on12April1942,hoursbeforeanattackontheSwedishfreighterSS Korsholm.OffthecoastofMelbourne,pilotE.V.QuinnandobserverE.C.LoyofCP3assisted CoastGuardunitsinlocatingsurvivorsoftheSSKorsholm,whichhadbeenattackedbyU123at about2:00amon13April1942.Inthisattack,theGermancommanderKapitanleutnant Reinhard Hardegen usedtheUboatscannonandmachinegunsbecausethelastofthe torpedoeshadbeenexpendedduringtheattackontheLeslie.TheLeslielostfourcrewmenand the Korsholm lostnine. ThemonthofMayprovedtobeanextremelydeadlymonthformerchantshipsoffthecoastof Florida.On3May1942,CP3pilotSamBelcherandobserverTomManning,reportedthe locationofsurvivorsoftheBritishfreighterOceanVenuswhichhadbeentorpedoedandsunkby U564commandedbyKorvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren offCapeCanaveral.FiveBritishsailors werelostintheattack.OtherpatrolswereinvolvedinfindingthedebrisoftheLaertes,aDutch freightersunkbyU109underthecommandofKapitanleutnant HeinrichBleichridt,onthesame dayastheOceanVenus.On4May1942,offBoyntonBeach,U564torpedoedtheBritish freighterEclipse.OnthesamedayastheattackontheEclipse,nearHobeSound,theSSDelisle, a CanadianshipwasfounddamagedfromaUboatattack.Thegapingholeinhersidewas repairedenoughtobetowedtoPortEvergladesforanextensiveoverhaul.Twocrewmenfrom theDelisle werelostintheattack.Korvettenkapitan Reinhard Suhren,commanderofU564was responsiblefortheattackontheDelisle andtheEclipse. Between56May1942,CAPplanesfoundtheremainsofthreeships,theDutchfreighterSS

10

Amazone,whichsunkminutesaftertheattack,andtheSSHalsey, aU.S.tanker,bothattributedto U333,andtheU.S.tankerJavaArrow whichhadbeensunkbyanotherUboat.Twodayslater, offFortPierce,U564sanktheU.S.freighterSSOhioan withthelossofseventeenseamen.On theheelsoftheseattacks,thePotrero delLlano,aMexicantanker,wasattackedbyU564near SandKeyoffMiamionthenightof14May1942.Thirteencrewmenwerelostinthatattack.This attackandasecondonanotherMexicanship,ledMexicotodeclarewaronGermany. WileyReynolds,Jr.rememberedthateverytimehewentoutonpatrolinMay1942,hesawa shipburningfromUboatattacks.HesaidtheUboatswerejustknockingofftheseships. Reynoldsstatedmanyoftheshipshesawinflameswerecarryingfuel.Thesailorsonthoseships didnthaveachance.Ononepatroltheonlyremainsofashiphesawwasjustaraftfloating withonlyasailorshat,nothingelse. Toemphasizejusthowhorrendousanattackonatankercouldbe,JohnWalsh,survivorofthe attackonthetankerCitiesServicesEmpirebyU128,explainedhisstorytothepress. Isawourcaptain[WilliamJ.Jerman]ontheraft.Heandsomeof theothermenwereonitandthecurrentwassuckingthemintothe burningoilaroundthetanker.Ilastsawthecaptaingoingintoasheet offlame.Someofthefellowssaidhescreamed.Ididnthearhim. MunroeReynoldswaswithmeforawhile.Hewasscreamingthat hewasgoingblindGus,thequartermaster,waswithus.Hehada pieceofsteelinhisheadandhesaidIwontlastlong.Hedidnt. Lantana BecauseofincreasedArmyAirCorpsatMorrisonField,CP3moveditsoperationstoLantana AirportinMay1942.Anotherreasonfortherelocationmayhavebeenmilitaryofficialsdidnot wantsmallcivilianaircraftcarryingbombstousethesameairporttheaircorpswasusing. Bombingpracticewasstagedon17Maytwodaysbeforetheychangedairfields. TheservicefacilitiesatLantanawerespartan atfirst.Therewerethreelandingstripsof3,500 feetlongatthenewairportandeightportablecanvashangersandsixindividualworkshops.The largewoodenhangerwasusedforCAPoperationswasbuiltaftertheunithadmovedtotheir newlocation.TherewasasmallerconcretebuildingjustwestofthehangerwhereCP3s headquarterswereestablished.Often,workontheplaneswasdoneoutsideorwiththenose justinsideaportablehanger. TheRedCrossMotorCorpsoperatedacanteenforthemenandwomenservingatLantana Airport.Severalwomen,includingMrs.MargaretEmerson,herdaughterGloriaBakerTopping Alexander,andMrs.EdwardSwenson,contributedtoafundtoconstructaproperbuildingforthe canteentosupportCoastalPatrol3.MaterialsweredonatedbyDocRinkeratcost,thedesignof thestructurewascompletedbyJakeBoyd,JackWillson builtit,andMrs.JessieDonahue providednecessaryequipmentforit.TheinteriordecorationwasprovidedbyGloriaBaker ToppingAlexander.Theclubhousewaseastofthehanger.Whencompletedithadsleeping quarterswithfourdoubledeckerbunks,akitchen,andrecreationalfacilities.Toentertain themselves,themenandwomenenjoyedatenniscourt,basketballcourt,andapingpongtable. CharlesMunn,Sr.donatedaradioandtherewasadivingboardandfloatatthelake(Lake Osborne)totheeastoftherunway. CivilianPlanesArmed Oneofthemostnotableincidentsoccurredon5May1942thatfinallyledtothearmingof CAPplaneswithbombsanddepthcharges.DuringapatrollateinthedayoffthecoastofCape Canaveral,MarshallE.RinkerandTomManningofCP3,spottedaUboatcruisingnearthecoast.

11

TheUboatattemptedtodivetoevadetheCAPplanebutinsteadgotstuckonasandbarin shallowwater.RinkerandManningcircledforalmostanhourcallingforassistance;however,help didnotarriveintime.Duringthatlong,aggravatinghour,theUboatdislodgeditselfandescaped todeepwater.WhenhelpfinallyarrivedonthescenetheUboatwasgone. GreatlydisturbedbythelostopportunitytobagaUboat,Vermilya notifiedCAPheadquarters, Thatsonethatwecouldhavechalkedupforasurekillifwedhadbombs.SinceVermilya knewGeneralHenryH.HapArnold,CommandingGeneraloftheU.S.ArmyAirCorps,Vermilya calledhimatthePentagonabouttheonethatgotaway.Afterhearingabouttheincident, Arnoldorderedallcoastalpatrolaircraftarmedwithbombs. Oncetheordertoarmcoastalpatrolplaneswasgiven,CP3flewtheirplanestoMorrisonField tobefittedwithbombracks.Thesewereattachedtotheundersideofthefuselageontheright sideundertheobserversseat;theobserverwouldnowactasthebombardier.Acrude homemadebombsightwasmadefrompiecesofhandymetal.Thebombsightwasmountedto theleftsideoftheplaneforthepilottosightinonhistarget.Surprisingly,thebombsightwas veryaccurateatanaltitudeofathousandfeet. Theaircrewwouldbegintheirbombingrunataboutathousandfeet.Thepilotwouldstick hisheadoutthewindowwhichwasprotectedbytheairdeflectorandlookthroughthe bombsightadjustingitwiththehandleintheplaneand/orbypushingtherudderpeddlesuntil thetargetwasfound.Thepilotkeptdoingthisastheplaneclosedin.Thesightwasmountedin suchawaythatasyouadjustedit,thesightwouldcomeintocontactwithaswitchwhenthe aircraftwasatthebombreleasepoint.Theswitchthenactivatedaredlightinsidethecabin signalingtheobservertoreleasethebomb.Anotherwaythepilotcommunicatedtothe observertodropthebombwasbypattingtheobserversleftknee.Inlessthanaweek,mostof CP3saircrafthadbeenfittedwithsightsandbombracks.Toreleasethebombduringanattack, theobserverhadtwowirestopullbothleadingtothebombordepthchargethroughthefloor. Onewirewiththeredhandlearmedthebomb.Thewirewiththeyellowhandlereleasedthe bomb. Thetypeofarmamentdependedonthetypeofaircraftflown.SmallerplanesliketheStinson VoyagersandRearwins werefittedwithone100poundbomb.ThelargerFairchilds carriedtwo 100poundbombsandStinsonReliants werearmedwithone325pounddepthcharge.The bottomfinofthedepthchargehadtobesawedoffinordertoclearthegroundduringtakeoff. Therewasascantseveninchesofclearancebetweenthebottomofthemodifieddepthcharge andtheground. FollowingthearmingoftheCAPplanes,on19May1942,pilotWileyReynoldsandobserver EarlAdamsmadethefirstattackonwhattheythoughtwasaUboatdroppingthe100pound bombtheywerecarrying.Reynoldsknewhewastakingachancebecauseitwaslargeandwas eitherasubmergedUboatorawhale.Hehopeditwasnotawhalebuthewantedtobesafe. WallaceR.KinggothisopportunitytobombaUboatwhenhethoughthesawthebubbles fromadivingsubmarine.KingdroppedhisbombonthespotwheretheUboathadsubmerged andthencontinuedwithhispatrol.AnearbyCoastGuardboatcametoinvestigatethebombing. Shortlyaftertheattack,theLantanabasereceivedamessagestatingpilotsshouldstopbombing sunkenships.AccordingtotheCoastGuard,Kingapparentlyattackedashipwreck.Thebubbles werefromawreckwhichhadmovedbecauseoftheunderwatercurrentsoftheocean. Onedayonpatrol,CharlesWeeksandhisobserverdecidedtopracticesightingonatarget. WeekschosetheFortPiercebuoytopracticesightingforabombingrun.Duringthepracticerun, Weeksobserveraccidentallyreleasedthebomb.Theyknewtheywouldlikelygetintosome troublefordroppingtheirbombsotheyconjuredupastorytocoverthemselves.Whenthey returnedtobase,theytoldtheintelligenceofficerthatthebombrackwasloosecausingthe

12

bombtodropwhileonpatrol. TroubleintheAir Theaviatorsflyingantisubmarinepatrolsknewtherisksthatcamefromflyingsuchmissions andthatamalfunctioncouldhappenatanytimewhetheritwasoverlandortheoceanfarfrom land.Theyrantheriskofcrashingintothewateriftheycouldnotmakeitanairstriporsome desertedbeach.SomemembersofCoastalPatrol3wouldexperiencesuchcircumstancesand landsafelybutacoupleofaircrewswouldhavetolandonthewater. On9July1942,justbeforenoon,TedKeysandTomManninghadtocrashlandbecauseofa mechanicalmalfunctionfourtofivehundredfeetoffshoreofPalmBeachnearBethesdaByThe SeaEpiscopalChurch.Themalfunctioncausedafireintheengine.ItwasputoutwhenKeysput theplaneintoadive.Themenwerenothurtandwhentheplanewaslaterrecoveredthebomb wasfoundtobestillinitsrack.KeysandManningforgottodropthebombbeforeditchingthe plane.KeysandManningreceivedtheDuckClubawardfortheirlandingintheocean. LieutenantWileyR.Reynoldswasdescribedasagood,cautiouspilotandwasreadyfor anythingthatmighthappen.Thesafetyequipmenthecarriedinhisairplaneonpatrolincluded sharkrepellent,flarepistols,knives,andfloats.On11July1943,ReynoldsandhisobserverRalph Cohntookoffonwhatshouldhavebeenanuneventfulpatrol.Butat2pmwhentheywereat about1,500feet,theyencounteredengineproblemsoffJensenBeachwhichcausedthemto crashlandintheAtlanticOcean.Bothescapedunharmedandwererescuedfromthewatera shorttimelaterbyanearbyboatandtakentoFortPierce.Cohnwasluckybecausehedidnot knowhowtoswim.Oncedown,heinflatedhisonemanliferaftandgotin.Reynoldsscousin HarryBassettandAlexThomsonobservedtheincidentandcircledoverheaduntilhelparrived. Theguysinthesmallboatmadeittothetwodownedfliersinaboutfiveminutes.Oncethe menweresafelyonboard,therescuerstookthemtoFortPierce.Afterthetwelvemiletripto FortPierce,Reynoldscalledhiswifetotellherhewasfine.Mrs.Reynoldsrepliedsothenyou hadachancetotryoutyourequipmentnowthatIamtalkingtoyou,Iamnotworriedabout you. Thosepilotsandobserverswhohadtoditchtheiraircraftatseahadthehonorofreceiving membershipintheDuckClub.Onlythosewhowereforcedtolandinwaterearned membershipintothisexclusiveclub.ReynoldsandCohnwereawardedmembershipintothe DuckClub. TheideaoftheDuckClubcamefromLieutenantColonelK.A.Vilas,CAPexecutiveofficerand pioneeraviator.TheoriginatorgottheideafromtheArmyAirCorpsCaterpillarClub(those forcedtoparachutefromaplane).TheDuckClubpatchwasdesignedusingthebluebackground fromtheCAPinsigniawitharedduckfloatingonwaterandwaswornontheleftshirtpocket. OnlythoseCAPmemberswhosurvivedditchingatseareceivedmembershipintotheclub.By coincidence,oneofthefirstCAPmemberstoreceivetheawardwasVilasnephew,Lieutenant WardVilas,whohadtolandonwaterwhileouthuntingGermansubmarines. DefeatoftheUboats InMay1943,theArmyAirCorpsassumedresponsibilityofdirectingtheCAP.Twomonths later,CAPNationalHeadquarterissuedordersthatcoastalpatroloperationsweregoingtostand downatsunsetTuesday,31August1943.TheNavywasreadytotakeoverthisduty.Writingin August,AdmiralErnestJ.King,CommanderinChiefofU.S.FleetandChiefofNavalOperations,to GeneralGeorgeC.Marshall,ChiefofStaffoftheArmy,statedtheCAPwasreleasedfromcoastal patroldutieseffective31August1943.HeaskedMarshalltopassontotheCAPawelldonefor theirenthusiastic,loyalandconstantcooperationincombatingthesubmarinemenace,patrolling

13

ourcoastlineandassistinginthelocatingofsurvivorsandshipsindistress. WhenCAPantisubmarineoperationsstooddown,U.S.SenatorClaudePepper(DFL)attended asundownceremonyheldattheLantanabaseon31August1943,markingtheendofanti submarinepatrols.Asthesunset,PepperaddressedtheformationandthecrowdstatingIam proudofthefactthatFloridahashadfiveofthetwentyonecoastalpatrolunitsintheU.S.and thatthisone[CP3]wasthefirstinFlorida.Hecontinuedtopraisethemenandwomenof CoastalPatrol3andhowtheyhelpedsavethenationfrominvadingGermanUboatsandforthe sacrificestheymadeduringatimeofwar. Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles,spotted173enemy submarines,attacked57,officiallycreditedwithsinking2,andlost26menand90planes.The finalvictoryovertheGermanUboatswastheresultofthecombinedeffortsoftheArmy,Navy, CoastGuard,andtheCivilAirPatrol. CoastalPatrol3flew18,712hoursplus45hoursofspecialmissionsfortheArmysSignal SchoolatCampMurphyinMartinCounty.Theyflewanestimated1,546,500milesinseventeen monthsofoperation.Aircrewsmadefourteenattacksdroppingtwentyonelivebombson suspectedUboats. OtherCAPWartimeMissions OtherCAPunitsalsoassistedintheoverallwareffortonthehomefront.CAPsearchand rescueunitsoperatingfromJanuary1942January1946flew26,000hoursofsearchandrescue mission.Sixmembersofthesearchandrescueunitslosttheirlives.Cargoandcourierunits wereresponsiblefortransportinghundredsofmilitarypersonnelandabout3.5millionpoundsof cargoandmailfortheArmyAirCorpsfrom19421944.From19421944,BorderPatrolunits wereresponsibleforpatrollingtheU.S.MexicanborderbetweenBrownsville,Texas,andDouglas, Arizona.Theseunitsflew30,000hours,reporting7,000unusualoccurrences,about176 suspiciousaircraft,andflewatotalof500,000mileswiththelossoftwoCAPmembers.Target towingmissionswereespeciallydangeroustofly.CAPplanespulledatargetaboutathousand feetbehindtheplanewhileantiaircraftgununitspracticedfiringliveammunitionatthetarget thatwasatanaltitudeupto5,000feethigh.In20,500targettowingandtrackingmissions, about46,000hourswereflown.Between19421945,theseunitssufferedthelossofseven killed,fiveinjured,andlosttwentythreeplanes. Cadets In1943,acadetprogramwasestablishedatLantanaairport,thoughanationalcadetprogram hadbeenorganizedthepreviousyear.Theprogramwaspartofthepreinductionforenlistment ofqualifiedpersonnelintotheArmyAirForce.On23August1943,CP3heldthefirstcadet meetingwith28cadets.BySeptember,thecadetsquadronhadenrolledfiftycadets.Ayearlater, thesquadron,knownasthePalmBeachSquadronwhichincludedcadetsfromWestPalmBeach, PalmBeach,LakeWorth,Lantana,BoyntonBeach,andDelrayBeach,hadanenrollmentof100 boysand60girls.Tojoin,cadetshadtobeseventeenyearsoldorolderandwereablefor enlistmentintheArmyAirCorps.InOctober1943,thecadetsquadronbeganacceptinggirlsinto theprogram.OverfiftygirlsattendedameetingofthesquadronthefirstweekoftheOctober. AttheendofOctober1943,tohelppromotetheprogramandattractnewcadets,Coastal Patrol3bombedtownsalongtheeastcoastbetweenMelbourneandWestPalmBeachwith leaflets.CaptainMarshallRinkerledmembersoftheunitthatincludedcaptainsEdQuinn,E.W. Jackson,andTedKeysandLieutenantsGeorgeKent,BurtKruger,andRalphCohnonthebombing missionswhichdropped10,000leaflets.Leafletsweredroppedonthecommunitiesof Melbourne,EauGallie,VeroBeach,FortPierce,PortSalerno,Stuart,HobeSound,Jupiter,and WestPalmBeach.RinkertoldthePalmBeachPost theleafletshadbeenaneffectivetoolto

14

attractnewcadets. PraiseforaJobWellDone Thegovernmentwasslowinrecognizingtheimmensecontributionsmadeduringthewarby theCivilAirPatrol.Finally,in1948,PresidentHarryTrumanauthorizedthepresentationofthe AirMedaltothosewhoflewcoastalpatrol.CAPpersonnelwithmorethan200hoursflighttime oncoastalpatrolduringtheperiodof19421943wereawardedtheAirMedal.On2May1948, 200FloridaCAPmembersfromLantana,Miami,DaytonaBeach,Sarasota,andPanamaCity receivedtheawardataceremonyheldatLantanaAirport.MajorGeneralLucasV.Beau,USAF, presentedthemedaltothem.Thisgrouprepresentedalmostonequarterofthetotal824medals awardedtotheCAP,ofwhichfiftythreewereawardedtomembersofCP3. Ayearafterthewarended,GeneralTooey Spaatz,firstchiefofstaff,USAF,admittedata congressionaldinnerthattheU.S.airforceswerenotpreparedtomeetthatdanger[GermanU boats],notequippedforadequatedefenseofthecountry,withlessforoffenseoverseas.Ofthe CAPhecontinuedtosay,itwasthen,in1941,thattheCivilAirPatrolwasformedsomewhatasa firebucketproject,tosupplementthemilitaryuntilthearmyandnavyhadtheresourcesto defendtheU.S. AfittingtributetotheCAPofWorldWarIIwasastatementmadebyanotherformerGerman Uboatcommander.Sometimeafterthewar,anAmericanmilitaryofficerinterviewedtheexU boatcommanderandaskedhimwhyUboatattacksstoppedalongtheeastcoastoftheUnited States.Hisanswerwasbecauseofthosedamnedlittleredandyellowplanes. PostWarCAP In1943,controloftheCivilAirPatrol,originallyorganizedundertheOfficeofCivilDefense, wastransferredtotheArmyAirForce(alsoknownasArmyAirCorps).Followingtheendofthe war,thefuturewasuncertainfortheCAP.Thenin1946,PublicLaw476establishedtheCAPasa patrioticandeducationalorganization.Twoyearslater,theCAPbecametheofficialauxiliaryof thenewlycreatedU.S.AirForce. CivilAirPatrolMissions TheCivilAirPatrolperformsthreekeymissionsasdecreedbyCongress: EmergencyServices:searchandrescuemissions,disasterrelief,humanitarianservices,AirForce support,homelandsecurity,andantidrugtraffickingoperations. AerospaceEducation:programsandactivitiesincludeformalcoursesaboutaviation,thespace programandexploration,newaviationtechnologies,andcoursestoimproveflyingskillsearning FederalAviationAdministrationratings. CadetProgram:CAPcadetsarethosememberswhojoinbetweenages12and18.Theprogram developstheyoungtobecomeleadersandgoodcitizensthroughtheirinterestinaviationand communityservice.Throughstudiesandotheractivities,cadetsprogressthroughachievements thatincludespecialactivities,aerospaceeducation,leadershipprograms,moralleadership,and physicalfitness.Ascadetsprogresstheyearnincreasedrank,awards,orcertificates.

15

Timeline 1939GermanyinvadesPoland WorldWarIIbegins 1940 1941 NationalEmergencydeclared inUnitedStates CivilAirPatrolestablished JapanesebombPearlHarbor

1942GermanUboatsattackallied shipsalongU.S.eastcoast CAPCoastalPatrols establishedtoflyanti submarinepatrols 1943 1945

16

UboatsaredrivenfromU.S. coastalwaters WorldWarIIend

Activities

17

ReadingComprehension DawnPatrol

Name:________________
Lt.BoyceStradley (reprintedfromtheGastonGazette,1943)

ThefollowingisoneaccountwrittenbyLt.BoyceStradleywhoflewantisubmarinepatrolsfor CoastalPatrolBase16atSkyco,DareCounty,NorthCarolina.Hisaccountwillgiveyouanideaof whatitwasliketoflycoastalpatroldutyanditissimilartowhatotherpilotsandobservers experiencedatothercoastalpatrolbases.

4:30a.m.WearecheckinginwiththeFlightOperationsOfficerforourdailyduty.Aswegetinto ourflightgear,MaeWest,flyingsuitsandwhathaveyou,youcanhearthehumofthemotorsas theyarewarmingupontheline. Itisscarcely5:00a.m.andweareintheair.ThereisadimglowofdawnovertheAtlantic.Weare offwithaloadofT.N.T.forMr.Hitlerssubs.Thebeachgoesbywithnothingbutwaterahead.As thesunpeepsoutfrombehindtheoceanwefindourselvesmanymilesouttosea.Say,whatis thatspeckonthehorizon?Wealterourcourseinthatdirection,aswedrawnearweseeaship.It couldbeanoiltanker,merchantfreighteroratrooptransport.Yes,yourboycouldbeaboard.We radiothebaseacodeandtheyknowwhatistakingplace.Wecirclearoundcoveringawidearea, searchingfortheperiscopeofthatdeadlytinfish,sothatyourboymightreturnhomesafelyand thatpreciousshipmentmightgetthrough. Aftersearchingforfourorfivehours,wecanseeourplanescomingtorelieveusasourgasis runninglow.Inreturningwefindalargespotofoilonthewater.Whatisitdoingthere?Couldone ofourshipshavebeentorpedoed?Theremightbesurvivorsaround,oranenemysubcouldhave beensurfacedtherethenightbefore.Wemakeanoteofthatpositionsoitmightbeinvestigated. At10:20weland,thatbeingfivehoursandtwentyminutesintheair.No,wearenotoffforthe restoftheday.Wearereliefcrewfortheflightthattookoffat9:00. Youmightwonderwhatbranchofserviceweareinandwhattypeofbomberwefly.No,itisnot theArmyortheNavy,nordoweflyPBY'sorA20'sorB17's.WearetheCivilAirPatrol,composed ofcivilianstryingtodotheirpart.Thepilotsarethecowpasturepilotsyouusedtoknow.The airplanesareofciviliantype,withhorsepowerrangingfrom90to250.Ourinstrumentsarenotof thebestbutweaccomplishourmissions. Let'saskGodtobewithusthroughthishellandterror,sowecanseeyourboyonthestreetsof dearoldGastoniaagain.
(thisisalsoavailableonlineathttp://www.co.dare.nc.us/Airport/Museum/Boyce.htm)

18

Answerthefollowingquestions: 1.Whydoyouthinkthefirstpatrolofthedayleftsoearly? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2.Lt.StradleyusesthetermMaeWest.WhatisaMaeWest? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

3.ThearticlereferstoMr.Hitlerssubs.WhatareGermansubmarinescalled? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4.Researchwhattypeofaircraftthefollowingis: PBY A20 B17 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

19

TestYourKnowledge

Name__________________

1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin?WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar?

2.WhatisaUboat?

3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast?

4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles.Therewere21coastal patrolbasesintheUnitedStates.Whatistheaveragemilesflownbyairpatrolsfromthesebases?

5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation.Whatwastheunitsaverage mileageflownpermonth?

6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith?

7.Whatisabarracudabucket?

8.WhatkindofairplanedidartistZackMosleyuseforCoastalPatrol3sunitinsignia?

9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld WarII?

20

TestYourKnowledge
1.WhendidWorldWarIIbegin?WhendidtheUnitedStatesenterthewar? September1,1939;December7,1941 2.WhatisaUboat?

AnswerKey

AUboatisatypeofsubmarineinventedbytheGermansforuseinWorldWarIandII.Theinitial "U"inUboatstandsfor"unterseeboot",orunderseaboatinEnglish. 3.WhydidGermanUboatsattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S.eastcoast? TokeepsuppliesandmaterialfromreachingalliedforcesinEurope 4.Nationally,CAPCoastalPatrolunitsflewmorethan24millionmiles.Therewere21coastal patrolbasesintheUnitedStates.Whatistheaveragemilesflownbyairpatrolfromthesebases? 24,000,000 21bases=1,142,857.1perbase 5.CoastalPatrol3flew1,546,500milesin17monthsofoperation.Whatwastheunitsaverage mileageflownpermonth? 1,546,500 17=679,205.88milesflownpermonth 6.WhatweretheCAPplanesarmedwith? Bombsanddepthcharges 7.Whatisabarracudabucket? Abarracudabucketisahomemadeflotationdeviceandisagreencanvasbagattachedtoalarge rubberinnertube.ThesebagsmayhavebeenaninventionoftheProhibitionErasrumrunners. Strandedseamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksandbarracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem. Insomeinstances,theinnertubehadtobeinflatedwithahandpumponcethepilotorobserver wasinthewater. 8.WhatkindofairplanedidartistZackMosleyuseforCoastalPatrol3sunitinsignia? AStinsonVoyager 9.WhatdidthegovernmentawardtoCoastalPatrolmembersfortheirserviceduringWorld WarII? ThemilitarysAirMedal

21

WhywastheCivilAir Patrolestablished?
Background:
Inthelate1930s,Europepreparedforand wenttowar.Atthesametime,Americancivilian aviatorsbegantakingacritical lookatUnited Statesairpower.Someaviationenthusiasts thoughtthemilitarysairforceswereunprepared andillequippedtodefendtheextensive coastlineoftheUnitedStatesshouldwarcometo America.Civilianpilotscametogetheratlocal airportstodiscussthesituation.Theywantedto bepreparedtousetheirairplanesincaseofa nationalemergency. Aviationadvocate GillRobbWilson,NewYork HeraldTribune aviationeditor,Directorof AviationforNewJersey,andpresidentofthe NationalAeronauticsAssociation,foresaw aviationsroleinwar.Wilsonbelievedingeneral aviationspotentialtosupplementAmericas military.HeconvincedFiorelloLaGuardia,head oftheNationalOfficeofCivilDefense,ofthe needforanationalcivilairpatroltoassistthe militaryiftheU.S.enteredWorldWarII. Inlate1941,Wilsonandateamofaviation enthusiastspresentedtheplantoLaGuardia, whothensentittoGeneralHenryH.Hap Arnold,commanderoftheArmyAirCorps. Arnoldlikedtheideaandappointedaboardof armyaircorpsofficerstoreviewtheplan.Aftera thoroughexamination,theboardendorsedthe plan.Perhapsfromthebeginning,Arnoldfore sawthevaluablecontributionstheCAPcould maketowardsthedefenseofthecountryandthe assistanceitcouldoffertothemilitary.

OnDecember1,1941,justsixshortdaysbefore theJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,LaGuardia signedAdministrativeOrderNo.9establishing theCivilAirPatrol.TheCAPwouldbolsterthe nationscoastaldefensesandperformawide rangeofdutiesincludingsearchingforenemy submarines,borderpatrols,andrescuemissions. WiththeestablishmentoftheCAP,civilianpilots couldputtheiraviationskillsandprivate,light aircrafttouseforcivildefenseefforts.The opportunitytousetheabout100,000civilian fliersandtheir23,000privateairplanesfor nationaldefensewasanadvantageforboththe civilianpilotsandthemilitary.Theuseofcivilian planeswouldallowmilitaryaircrafttoperform moreimmediatemissions.Formanycivilian pilots,thiswastheonlywaytheycouldfly becausethegovernmentgroundedallcivilian flightsexceptcommercialairlinesaftertheattack onPearlHarbor.

Discussion:
Whywasanationalcivilairpatrolneeded? Howcouldithelpthemilitaryintimeofwar?

Activity:
GoonlineandresearchtheCivilAirPatrol. LookforGillRobbWilsonwhileresearchingthe CAP. WriteapageaboutthefoundingthetheCAP andGillRobbWilsonsparticipationintheCAP. Answerthisquestionafterresearchingthe CAP. Doyouthinkitwasnecessarytoestablishthe CivilAirPatrol? FiorelloLaGuardiawastheheadofthe NationalOfficeofCivilDefense.Researchwho hewasthenwriteareportabouthim.

GillRobbWilson.CourtesyCAP HistoricalFoundation.

22

IntheearlymonthsofOperation Paukenschlag,Uboatcommandersfoundno effectiveantisubmarinemeasuresalongtheeast coastduringthefirstmonthsoftheUboat campaign.GermanUboatmen,whocrossedthe AtlantictoattackalliedshippingalongtheU.S. Background: eastcoast,referredtothisperiodasthehappy OnSundaymorning,7December1941,the times. JapaneseattackedPearlHarbor,Hawaii, InJanuary1942,adozentankersand thrustingtheU.S.intowar.Notuntilthat freightersweresunkordamagedbyUboats eveningdidtheGermanslearnofthesneak alongtheeastcoast.Withintwomonthsthe attackontheAmericannavalbase.German numberincreasedtofortytwosunkordamaged officialsknewnothingoftheJapaneseplanto ships.ByJune1942,ninetysevenshipsand attackU.S.territory.HadtheGermansknown approximately5,000peoplehadbeenlosttoU whatwasgoingtohappen,theymayhavebeen boatattacks.AfterApril,theU.S.militarywas abletoparticipatebyunleashingasurpriseattack finallyabletolauncheffectivecountermeasures ontheAmericaneastcoast. tocombatUboatattacks.Thesemeasures BecauseoftheJapaneseattack,theU.S. eventuallystoppedUboatattacksby1943.Part declaredwaronJapanon8December1942.The ofthecountermeasuresincludedtheuseofthe Germanygovernmentinturndeclaredwaron CivilAirPatrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrols theU.S.threedayslater.HitlerthenorderedU fromtheendofFebruary1942toAugust1943. boatstoattackshippingontheU.S.eastcoast. AstheNewYearbegan,theGermanslaunched Discussion: OperationPaukenschlag (drumbeat)inJanuary WhatcausedtheU.S.toformallyenterWorld 1942againstthevulnerableU.S.eastcoast,and WarII? thenlaterattackingshipsintheCaribbeanand WhatwasOperationPaukenschlag? GulfofMexico. TheoperationincludedawaveofseveralU Activities: boatsmakingafaststrikeagainstalliedshipping ResearchOperationPaukenschlag.Writea alongtheU.S.easternseaboard.Thefirstvictim wastheBritishfreighterSSCyclops torpedoedby pagediscussingtheoperationandits effectivenessorineffectiveness.Visit: U123whichwascommandedby http://uboat.net/ops/drumbeat.htm formore Kapitanleutnant ReinhardHardegenon12 informationaboutOperationPaukenschlag. January1942offCapeCod,Massachusetts.

WhatwasOperation Drumbeat?

23

WhywasCoastalPatrol Base3established?
Background:
AdmiralErnestKing,CommanderinChief,U.S. Fleet,didnotparticularlyliketheideaofusing civilaviatorstocarryoutantisubmarinepatrols. Otherseniornavalcommanderswhowere againsttheuseofciviliansinmilitaryoperations againstUboatswerethenavysassistantchiefof staffRearAdmiralDonaldDuncanwhothought theideawaspromotedbythebuilder[s]of pleasureaircraft,andRearAdmiralRichard Edwards,deputychiefofstaffforoperations, whosawnopurposeexcepttogivemerchant shipstheillusionthatadequateairpatrols[were] beingmaintained.Ontheotherhand,the proposalreceivednoobjectionsfromMajor GeneralCarlTooeySpaatz,ArmyAirForce. ThearmyagreedtoletCAPconductanti submarinepatrolsbeginningon8March1942.In amemorandumaddressedtoBrigadierGeneral DonaldH.Connelly,MilitaryDirectorofCivilian Aviation,DepartmentofCommerce,byGeneral H.H.HapArnold,on16March11942,statedit isdesiredthatyoutakethenecessarystepsat oncetoorganizethecivilianpuddlejumperpilots intosquadronsforcoastaldefensepatrolwork. WithArmyAirForceapproval,threebases wereauthorizedtooperateforathreemonth trialperiodtoevaluateCAPperformance.The experimentalbaseswereorganizedatAtlantic City,NewJersey,commandedbyWynantFarr; Rehoboth,Delaware,commandedbyBillSharp (bothestablishedon28February1942);and WestPalmBeach,Florida,on30March1942.

AfactorintheselectionofWestPalmBeachas oneoftheexperimentalbasesmaybebecause PalmBeachCountyisclosertotheGulfStream thananywhereelseontheeastcoast.This shippinglanewouldbeaprimetargetforenemy submarineattacks.TheCoastalPatrolBase3 latermovedfromMorrisonFieldtoLantana becauseofincreasedactivitiesoftheArmyAir Corps. Thefirstthreebasesprovedsuchasuccess thateighteenadditionalbasesquicklyorganized alongtheeasternseaboardandGulfcoast stretchingfromMainetoTexas.Altogether,five baseswerelocatedinFlorida:Lantana(CP3), FlaglerBeach(CP5),Miami(CP7),Sarasota(CP 13),andPanamaCity(CP14). BytheendofJanuary1942,theGerman submarinessankatleastthirtyfiveships(over 200,000tons)inNorthAmericanwaters.In February411,000tonsofshippingwaslosttoU boatsand466,000tonsinMarch.ButinApril 1942alliedshippinglossesdroppedto394,000 tonslost.Uboatswouldsinkordamage397 vesselsandkillapproximately5,000peoplein attacksalongtheU.S.eastcoast,GulfofMexico, andtheWesternCaribbean.AfterApril,theU.S. militarywasfinallyabletolauncheffective countermeasurestocombatUboatattacksthat wouldeventuallystopattacksby1943.Partof thecountermeasureswastheuseoftheCivilAir Patrolwhichflewantisubmarinepatrolsfrom thelastdayofFebruary1942toAugust1943.In March1942thePetroleumIndustryWarCouncil reportedthatifthelossrateofshipstoUboat attacksinJanuary,February,andthebeginningof Marchcontinuestotheendoftheyear,125of the320tankerswouldbelostwithapproximately 3,000lives.Basedontheirprojectionsthe Industryrecommendedtothegovernmentthat tankersbearmedfortheirownprotection. Additionally,theysuggestedthattheCivilAir PatrolbereassignedtotheArmyAirCorpsand toincreasetheuseoftheCAP.

24

CP3launcheditsfirstpatrolsafewdaysafter itwasestablished.Theyflewfromsunupto sundownfromPalmBeachtoCapeCanaveral,a distanceofabout120milesoneway.FromApril 1942August1943,patrolsfromCP3spotted damagedandburningships,directedthemilitary tosurvivorsandmade14attacksonsuspectedU boatsdropping21bombs.In17monthstheir aircraftflewover1.5millionmiles. Atleast90menandwomenservedwith CoastalPatrol3.Theycamefromallwalksoflife, fromthewealthyandwellknowntothenotso wealthy.Evenfamilymembersjoinedtogether andservedintheunit.Thereweretwocousins, ahusbandandwife,andsetsofbrothers.Itdid notmatterifyouhadmoneyornot,theyall volunteeredtokeeptheUnitesStatessafefrom theenemy. Discussion: WhydidtheCAPestablishcoastalpatrol bases? Whatwastheirmission? Answer: IfairpatrolsfromCoastalPatrol3flewsix missionsadayfromPalmBeachtoCape Canaveral,aonewaydistanceofabout120 miles,howmanymileswereflownaday? DidtheU.S.Navyliketheideaofusingthe CivilAirPatrolforcoastalpatrolduties?

25

StinsonVoyagervs.Uboat

StinsonVoyagervs.Uboat
Background: TheStinsonVoyagerwastheworkhorseof CoastalPatrolBase3.Mostoftheunits pilotsownedthistypeofairplane.Soitsaw alotofantisubmarinepatroltimebetween PalmBeachandCapeCanaveral.Thesmall civilianairplanewasusedtoseekout GermanUboatsattackingalliedshipping alongFloridaseastcoast. Coastalpatrolaircrews,apilotand observer,flewStinsonsupto60milesout overtheoceansearchingforUboats.The planeswereflownfromMorrisonFieldin WestPalmBeach,laterfromLantanaAirport, toCapeCanaveralandback.Adistanceof about120milesoneway.Theroundtrip flighttookaboutfourhourstocomplete. Believeitornot,GermanUboat commanderswereafraidofwhattheycalled littleyellowbees.Theplanesweresmall, hardtosee,andtheenemydidnotknowif theaircraftwerearmed.Aviatorshadother affectionatenamesforthelittleStinson Voyagerssuchaspuddlejumpers, grasshoppers,aerialeggbeaters,andflying jeeps. Uboats,ontheotherhand,hadtotravel about3,000nauticalmilesfromtheirhome baseinFrancetoreachtheU.S.eastcoast. Theenemysubmarinewasaformidablefoe. Itcouldoperatebothonthesurfaceand underwaterattackingshipswithoutwarning. Uboatswereheavilyarmedwithdeckguns andtorpedoes.TheStinsonVoyagerswere not.Atfirsttheairplaneswereunarmedand thenlatertheStinsonscarriedahundred poundbomb.

WhatwasitlikeforCoastalPatrolBase3 aircrewsandUboatsailors? CoastalPatrolBase3aircrewsflewanti submarinepatrolsfromsunuptosundown sevendaysaweekfromApril194231August 1943.Patrolsconsistedoftwoairplanesand thefirstflightofthedayleftatsunrise.That meantthatcrewsreportedfordutybyabout 4:30am.Theyreceivedtheirbriefingand preparedfortakeoff.Oncetheplanewas airbornetheywouldheadnorthtowards CapeCanaveral.Thecrewwouldflysearch patternsovertheoceanlookingforUboats, burningships,andsurvivors.Whenthey reachedCapeCanaveral,theyturnedaround andheadedbacktobase. Thelastflightofthatdaywouldflyalong thebeach.Thepilotsandobserverslooked athowthebeachlooked.Theyspentthe nightatBananaRiverNavalAirStation(now PatrickAirForceBase).Thenextmorning, thecrewtookoffatdaylightandwouldlook atthebeachsearchingforsignsofanyone comingashore. Theequipmentaircrewsworeandcarried included:uniforms,flareguns,knives,life vests,barracudabuckets,inflatableliferafts, water,andotheritemstheymayneed. UnlikeUboatsailors,themenandwomen

26

ofCoastalPatrol3wereabletoreturnhome attheendoftheday.Theyenjoyedfresh foodeverymeal.Sometimesaircrews experiencedengineproblemswhileinflight forcingthemtolandatthenearestairportor beach.Twicepilotshadtocrashlandinthe ocean. Othertimes,pilotsandobserversspotted burningshipsandsurvivorsofUboatattacks. MembersofCoastalPatrol3made14attacks onUboatsdropping21livebombs. LifeonaUboat LivingaboardaUboatduringawarpatrol wasalotworstthanonasurfaceship. DependingonthemissionoftheUboat,a patrolcouldlastfromthreeweekstosix months.Thingswetakeforgrantedlike privacy,goodfood,freshwater,andbathing werenotencounteredonaUboat. Inmanycases,Uboatcrewswereonly allowedtheclothestheyworeandone changeofunderwearandsocks.Ifyouwere acrewmember,youcouldnotbath,except withsaltwater,orshave.Tocontrolbody odor,theydidhaveadeodorant. TherewasnoprivacyonboardaUboat. Quarterswerecrampedwithsleepingbunks liningthewalkwaythatranthelengthofthe submarine.Thecaptaindidhaveasmall cabinwithacurtainasadoor.Itwaslocated nexttothecontrolroomandradioroom.Six bunkswerelocatedinthetorpedoroom.The crewworked24hoursadaydividedover severalshifts,eighthoursofduty,eighthours

ofotherdutiesasneeded,andeighthoursof sleep. Freshwaterwaslimitedandrationed. Foodsupplieswerestuffedineverylittle nookandcranny.Foodwasevenstoredin oneoftheUboatstwobathrooms.This meantonlyonebathroomwasusedfor40 50menuntilthefoodstoredintheotherwas consumed.Freshfoodwaseatenfirstorit spoiledinthedampenvironmentoftheU boat.Iffreshbreadwasnoteatensoon,a whitefungiwouldgrowonthebreadthat lookedlikewhitefuzz.Uboatmencalled thisrabbits. AtypicalUboatfoodsupplyincluded:
494lbs.fresh&cookedmeats 480lbs.preserved/tinnedmeats 3,858lbs.potatoes 3,428lbs.vegetables 2,058lbs.preservedbreads 595lbs.fresheggs 2,365lbs.fruits 611lbs.soupingredients 309lbs.fresh/preservedcheese 441lbs.fruitjuice 205lbs.otherdrinks 132lbs.salt 238lbssausages 334lbspreservedfish 397lbsdriedpotatoes 1,226lbsbreaddough 464lbsrice&noodles 917lbsfreshlemons 551lbsButter/margarine 408lbs.marmalade/honey 1,728lbsmilkpowder 154lbscoffee 441lbssugar 108lbschocolates

StinsonVoyagervs.Uboat
27

StinsonVoyagervs.Uboat

So,wouldyouliketobeaUboatsailor? Research: Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Haveone researchwhatitwaslikeoncoastalpatrol dutysearchingforUboatsandhavethe othergroupresearchwhatitwasliketobe onaGermanUboat. Thendiscussinclasswhateachgroupfound.

TheGermanUboats TheGermanNavyusedthreetypesofU boatsduringOperationPaukenschlag:Type VIIC,IXB,andIXC. ThetechnicalinformationfortheTypeVIICis providedbelow.

TypeVIIC Firstlaunched1940 Activities Oceangoingsubmarine Compareandcontrastthedifferencesofa Crew:4456officersandmen pilotorobserverflyingcoastalpatrolsanda Displacement:769tons(surface) sailoronaUboat. Overalllength:66.5meters Speed:17knotssurface WriteajournalentryasaCoastalPatrolpilot 7knotssubmerged orobserveronantisubmarineduty. Max.speed:17knots/3,250miles WriteajournalentryasasailoronaGerman Cruising:10knots/8,500miles Max.divingdepth:250meters UboatonawarpatrolalongFloridaseast Dieselengines:2/HP2,8003,200 coast. Electricmotors:2/HP750 Makeyourownpaperairplaneanddecorate Torpedotubes: Bow4 itlikeaStinsonVoyagerusedforCoastal Stern:1(somehadtwotubes) Patrolduty.Designyourownorusedoneof Armament: thetemplatesprovided. 14torpedoesor2639mines 188mmdeckgunwith220250 TheStinsonVoyager rounds TheWorkHorseofCoastalPatrol3 1antiaircraftgun,20mmwith 4,380rounds MaximumSpeedatSeaLevel115milesperhour
LandingRoll 150feet TakeoffRunatSeaLevel550feet RateofClimb 600feetperminute ServiceCeiling 13,000feet Engine 90horsepower WingSpan 34feet Length 21feet8inches Height 6feet6inches GrossWeight 1,625pounds

Above:TheGalleyofaUboatwherefood wasprepared. Left:Bunksforsleepinginthetorpedoroom.

28

WhatisaBarracuda Bucket?
Background:
Sincecoastalpatrolsoperatedoverthe ocean,theplaneswereequippedwith survivalgearincasetheyhadtocrashlandin water.Aflotationdevicecalledabarracuda bagorbucketwasagreencanvasbag attachedtoalargeinnertube.Thesebags mayhavebeenaninventionofthe ProhibitionErasrumrunners.Stranded seamenusedthesebagstokeepsharksand barracudasfromtakingabiteoutofthem.In someinstances,theinnertubehadtobe inflatedwithahandpumponcethepilotor observerwasinthewater.Tryingtoinflate aninnertubewithabagattachedand keepingonesselfafloatisadifficulttask. Thebarracudabagwasabulkyitemtotryto quicklyremovefromasinkingairplaneif downedintheocean.Accordingtoanold CAPjournal,ThorneDonnelly, communicationofficerforCP3,andlaterthe MiamibasedCoastalPatrol7,adaptedthe barracudabagforusebytheCAPinFlorida. Thebagincludedwater,chocolatebar, mirror,flashlight,firstaidmaterial,fishing line,similaritems.Itwassometimescalled thefoxholeofthesea.Lateron,the governmentsuppliedCAPunitswithMae Westlifejacketsandinflatableliferaftsto replacethebarracudabuckets.

Discussion:
WhydoyouthinktheCAPusedthis makeshiftsurvivalflotationdevice? Activity: Writeaparagraphlandingontheocean whileonaantisubmarinepatrol.Discuss abouthavingtousethebarracudabucket. Makeadrawingofwhatyouthinka barracudabucketlookedlike.

29

DistinctiveUnitInsignia

WhatisDistinctive UnitInsignia?
Background:
Forcenturies,militaryunitshavedisplayedor wornspecialidentificationorinsigniaontheir standards,uniforms,shields,horses,and machines.Eachunithadtheirownsymbol. Thesesymbolsoftenenhancedtroopmoral. InWorldWarIIsymbolswerepaintedon aircraftandothermilitaryvehicles.Theart paintedthenoseorfuselageofanairplanecame tobeknownasnoseart.TheArmyandNavy requestedunitinsigniafromWaltDisney.Tofill theseorders,Disneyassembledasmallteamto designnoseart.Theteamsdesignsincluded DisneycharacterssuchasDonaldDuck,Pluto, andMickeyMouse.Otherartistscopiedor createdtheirownnoseartfortheiraircraft. TheCivilAirPatrolwasnodifferentthanthe military.EachCAPunitcameupwiththeirown design.ThecreatoroftheSmilinJackcomic strip,ZackMosley,createdtheunitinsigniaof Coastalpatrol3.Mosleysdesignishumorousyet serious.HisdepictionoftheStinsonVoyager showsitwiththelargeworriedeyesofapuppy tryingveryhardtostayintheairoverwaterwith ahugebomb.TheStinsonpupissweatingand belowthepantingplaneaUboatperiscope throwingoutquestionmarks.Pilotsand observerswhoflewStinsonVoyagerscouldrelate totheinsigniacreatedbyMosleyforCP3.With onlya90hpengine,theaircraftwas overburdenedandhadtostraintogetintothe airwithtwomen,equipment,anda100pound bomb.Mosleyalsodesignedinsigniaforother CAPandmilitaryunitssuchasCoastalPatrolBase 17andtheMiamiCadetSquadron.

OtherCAPunitsusedDonaldDuck,Pluto,or otherfiguresfortheirunitinsignia.Onmanyof CoastalPatrolinsignia,theartistsincludeda character,bombs,andUboats.Thesewere shownbecausetheirmissionwasantisubmarine patrols.

Research
GoonlineandresearchWorldWarIIunit insigniacreatedbyWaltDisneyforthemilitary andCAPunitinsignia.Youcanstartattheseweb sites: www.skylighters.org/disney. www.dunrobincastle.com/Nose_Art/Disney/disn ey_art.htm www.usaafnoseart.co.uk/themedisney.htm www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factshee t.asp?id=7883 www.army.mil/news/2009/04/19/19340walt disneygoestowar/ www.incountry.us/cappatches/MN/mnwg.html

Answer
Whydoyouthinknoseartwasimportantto militaryandCivilAirPatrolunits?

Activity
Dividetheclassintogroups.Haveeach groupselectamission(coastalpatrol,bomber, fighter,PTboats,etc).Haveeachgroupdesign theirownunitinsignia.

30

CoastalPatrolBase17

CoastalPatrolUnitDesigns

CoastalPatrolBase4

CoastalPatrolBase10

CoastalPatrolBase5
CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion

CoastalPatrolBase12

CoastalPatrolBase7
CourtesyCAP,SoutheastRegion

CoastalPatrolBase14

MiamiCadetSquadron

CoastalPatrolBase15

CoastalPatrolBase20

DistinctiveUnitInsignia
31

WaltDisneyDesigns

DistinctiveUnitInsignia
32

CoastalPatrolBase15

1945NavalMapofUboatAttacks

MapExercise: Lookattheattachedmappublishedin1945bytheU.S.Navy.ItshowsallUboat attackscarriedoutalongFloridaseastcoast,theGulfofMexico,andpartsofthe westernCaribbean. Answerthefollowingquestions: Howmanyshipsweresunkordamagedin1942?1943?

HowmanyshipsweresunkoffFloridaseastcoast?

ResearchwhatstreamislocatedbetweenFloridaandtheBahamasIslands.

WhydoyouthinksomanyshipweresunkoffFlorida?(refertotheprevious question)

LookatwhereNewOrleansislocated.Whydoyouthinktherewassuchahigh numberofshipsattackedoffNewOrleans?(ResearchwhatwasintheNew Orleansareain1942tohelpanswerthisquestion.)

MapofUboatAttacks
33

34

WhoWasZackMosley?
Background:
CartoonistZackMosley,anavidaviatorfrom Stuart,Florida,createdthesyndicatedSmilin Jackcartoonstripin1933.Itwasaboutthe adventuresofanaviatorandwasbasedon peopleMosleyknew.Hiscomicstripfirst appearedunderthetitleofOntheWing, howeverafewmonthslatertheChicagoTribune changedthetitletoSmilinJack.DuringWorld WarII,Mosleydrewuponhisexperiencesand themenheworkedwithintheCAP.Heused VermilyaastheprototypeforthecharacterLong DistanceIke.WesleyJackson,aformerjournalist andapilotwhoranaflightschool,wasanother ofZacksinspirationsforacartooncharacter, DownWindJackson.Thecomicstripranuntil 1973whenMosleyretired.WhenCP3movedto Lantana,Mosleymovedhisartstudiointoa cornerofthehangertocontinuedrawinghis comicstrip.DuringhisservicewiththeCAP, Mosleyflew300hoursofantisubmarine missionsearningtheU.S.militarysAirMedal.He wascommanderoftheFloridaCAPwingfrom 19441946,aCAPpublicaffairsofficer,servedon theCAPexecutiveboard,andheldtherankof colonel.Threeyearsafterretiring,Mosleywas inductedintotheU.S.AirForcesHallofFameon September18,1976.Hewastheauthorof severalbooksincludinghisautobiography,Brave CowardZack.Mosleyscartoonstripappearedin over300newspapersacrossthecountry.The worldfamouscartoonistwasbornin1906in Hickory,Oklahoma,anddiedinStuart,Florida,in 1993.Hewastheoldestofthefoursonsandone daughterofZackT.MosleyandhiswifeIrah.

Research:
Startwiththesewebsites.Havestudents researchZackMosley.Visitthesewebsitesto learnmoreaboutMosley. www.smilinjack.com/zack.htm www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mosley_z.htm www.toonopedia.com/smilin_j.htm www.capvolunteernow.com/media/cms/Volunte er_AugOct_mag_LR_rev_F5C61F1BC780D.pdf

Write:
AfterresearchingZackMosley,havestudents writeapageaboutMosleyandhiscontributions totheCivilAirPatrolandcomicstrips.

Activities:
Readtheattached1943posterMosleydid abouttheCivilAirPatrol.Dividestudentsinto groupsandhavethemdrawtheirownposter abouttheCivilAirPatrol.

35

36