Intelligent Ambulance with Automatic Traffic Control

INTRODUCTION In todays world health hazards are a major concern. Especially people in the older age group are the victims, and moreover the traffic conditions are worsening day by day, which results in traffic jams. Many important jobs get delayed due to these trafic jams.Ambulance service is one of the major services which gets affected by traffic jams. To solve this problem we have come up with the solution of Intelligent ambulance with automatic traffic control. Here we are tracking the patients health conditions. The health parameters such as Heart rate, body temperature, Blood pressure and Blood level are sent to the hospital using the on board GSM unit. All these parameters are displayed in the hospital unit on a pc with the help of visual basic s/w. Simultaneously if at all the Ambulance encounters the taffic jam in the route, the driver is provided with the remote to control the traffic signals.The particular signal is made Green for some time and after the ambulance passes by,it again regains its original flow of sequence of signaling.

LITERATURE SURVEY Previous work on home vital signs monitors can be seen in the current models that are in hospitals and homes. There are many different types and brands of vital signs monitors available today. They range in size, function, and price. Most are very expensive, costing patients or healthcare providers upwards of $2,500 per system

There are many different types of vital signs monitors, so many patents of vital signs monitors exist. One such patent is a blood pressure and heart rate monitoring method and apparatus by Hewitt . This system uses an auscultatory transducer and a microprocessorbased circuit to record blood pressure and heart rate. It also uses a new method to measure blood pressure without unnecessary constriction of the patients limb.

So far in the market only the devices measuring different parameters are available,which are all stationary,but we are putting efforts to send this information wirelessly over the long distance using GSM unit.

LOGICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Explanation of Logical Block Diagram As we can observe there is a chowk shown in the diagram, consisting of four different lanes. An ambulance is going from lane1. The patient is carried in the cardiac van,whose various parameters are being measured by the sensory units inside the van. These parameters are constantly being sent to the hospital unit via GSM transreciever,in the form of a message of data (SMS). The hospital you can see is at the side of road and it is receiving these SMSs via a dedicated mobile phone. The information is shown on the pc connected to this mobile phone via data cable.The s/w used here is a very user friendly and front end s/w, i.e Visual basics. At the same time, ambulance is also making the lane 1s signal green and all other signals as red,due to traffic. This is achieved by RF link via TX 433 and RX 433 pair.Microcontroller timers and counters are used for controlling Logical block diagram provides logic behind the project and gives complete overview of project. It shows logical flow behind the project. In this all 3 units that is Ambulance , Hospital and Traffic sigal units are shown .Here the driver selects the lane number, and then the particular signal is made Green.

So logical block diagram is all about logical flow of the project.

BLOCK DIAGRAM : AMBULANCE UNIT

Explanation of Ambulance Unit : As you can see in the block diagram, there are four main things1. Patients parameters 2. PIC Microcontroller 3. MAX 232,GSM Tx Rx 4. HT12E,TX43 One by one we will discuss these blocks1. Patients parameters- We are going to measure four parameters of patient Heart rate Body temperature

 Blood level Blood pressure Heart rate is the first parameter which is very important for our discussion. It is being monitored by the sensing circuit which uses L14F1 and LM35. The heart rate is then interfaced with PIC. Similarly regarding the temperature of patient we are using LM35 as the sensing unit . It does not require any signal conditioning unit as it gives the output in adequate form with respect to amplitude and accuracy.

Next is the blood level.This parameter requiesrs a small circuit. It just require an IR TX/RX pair and it also gives an adequate output and hence doesnt require a signal conditioning circuit. Blood level only detects whether the blood bottle given to the patinent is empty or filled.Monitoring is required as to prevent abrupt air bubbles to be entering into patients body,Hence once it gets empty it gives the required indication for replacing it with the new filled one. Thus all the parameters of the patient are then given to the PIC 16F877 . 2. PIC : In our project the PIC is playing vital role. Although we are also using 89S52 at the signaling unit but PIC in the ambulance is the Heart of the ambulance unit. PIC mainly performs 3 tasks: It reads the parameters of the Patient and displays them on the LCD in the ambulance itself. The above read parameters are written in text format and given to the GSM TX/RX It sends 4 bit digital code to the HT12E and TX433 tomake the signal green of a pertiular lane. Regarding the first task it is simple one as it dispaying the parameter on the LCD in the ambulance unit.These parameters can be viewed by Doctros in the ambulance to judge the patients condition as well as it confirms wheather the sensing circuit

are working properly or not. Next task is sending these parameters in the form of text message through the GSM TX/RX. This task requires a complex program.Messages are sent after every 1 Sec. So as the data can be updated at the RX side. The next task is traffic control. There are normally four lanes in a chowk. Every lane is given its number as 1, 2, 3, 4. There will be four button at the dashboard of the driver. The driver will see from which lane he is going and will press appropriate button, Pressing the button will send a 4 bit coded data to the signaling unit through HT12E and TX433.This can be done 100meter before the signal chowk. 3)MAX 232,GSM Tx RxGSM transreceiver is as good as mobile without any control given to the user.It has to be interfaced to error control unit which can give commands to send the text message.Here controlling device is PIC.But we can not interface it directly to the GSM. Hence we need a device which interface these two units and adjusts the voltage levels so that the commands can be given to the GSM through the PIC.This need is fulfilled by the the MAX232 which is normally used to interface GSM to any other controlling unit. 4) HT12E and TX433 : HT12E is basically a RF encoder.It gets the coded 4bit data from PIC at its data pins.The HT12E then generates a digital pulse signal with 1 redundant 8 address and 4 data bits encoded by PIC. The encoded 4 bit data is different fir the four lanes. This 13 digital bit string is again modulated using FSK and send at a frequency of 433MHz, This is done TX433 and RF TX. Its range is about 100 meter and hence it gives the feasibility to the ambulance driver to make the signal green of the respective lane well before his arrival.

BLOCK DIAGRAM : TRAFFIC SIGNAL UNIT

Traffic Signal Unit: The Traffic singnal unit consist of the RX433, HT12D, 89s52 c, and signal circuitry.As here in our project well be dealing with 2 main chowks, i.e each consisting of 4 lanes.Each lane would be having three signals (red,yellow & green), hence it becomes mandatory to provide a control over selection of appropriate lane and its corresponding signal. Here we provide the driver with a remote control with 8 buttons, each set for different lanes, and we have common codes for the control of signals.

Whenever a particular lane is selected, a 13 bit data is sent to the receiver section.Out of these 13 bits, 1 bit (MSB) is a redundant bit, next 8 bits are the address bits, and rest 4 bits are the data bits. These 4 bits decide whether the signal has to be made GREEN or not. Each lane has been assigned to a unique code for its signal control, as soon as it receives a 13 bit information,it is required to decode it first,and this is done by HT12D.

It actually checks for the address bits for 4 times in sequence, on cofirming the data from the correct transmitter, it then enables the data out ports of the HT12D, and latches the information on to the output port.

The information regarding which lane has to be selected or which signal has to be controlled and relevant coded information is stored in the program in 89S52 c. As soon as the data is received at the TX433,after decoding it is given to the 89S52 unit,where in the data is compared with the already stored data corresponding to different actions,and accordingly it takes decision of which output port of 89S52 has to be given signals to make the appropriate changes at the output.As all the signals are directly connected (wired connection) to the 89S52 c. On reception of appropriate voltage change at the output port the corresponding signal is made GREEN and others are made RED.After the ambulance passes by, the break in the link is observed and the signal is disturbed.Hence it is brought back to its original flow of sequence of signaling. Or we can also provide a separate switch to regain its original status.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:HOSPITAL UNIT

Explanation of Hospital Unit: One of the receiver units is hospital unit.This unit includes GSM transreceiver and computer with V.B software installed. In this setup, GSM is used as source of information to hospital from ambulance. GSM is duplex unit and capable of transferring data as well as voice. Parameters of patient measured in ambulance are received by GSM receiver with delay of 5 sec. These parameters should be displayed on screen,so GSM has accompanied with computer having V.B. program , which is compatible for storing and displaying received data in appropriate form which is very user friendly. In this,we are using stack for storing received data. After every 5sec interval,data get updated and displayed on moniter. According to displayed data,appropriate action required can be suggested via message or call.As process of typing a message and sending it,is very time consumable,call back is prefferd. So we are using GSM unit in simplex mode, so as to avoid its time restrictions. So,at hospital unit GSM and computer fulfill the need of receiver application.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AMBULANE UNIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER UNIT

MICROCONTROLLER It is a microcontroller which is composed of Harvard architecture. The PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller is upward compatible with the PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx and PIC16C7x devices. It features 200 ns instruction execution, 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-toDigital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, a synchronous serial port that can be configured as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C bus, a USART, and a Parallel Slave Port.

Microchip PIC16F877A Microcontroller Features:High-Performance RISC CPU Operating speed: 20 MHz, 200 ns instruction cycle Operating voltage: 4.0-5.5V Industrial temperature range (-40 to +85 C) 15 Interrupt Sources 35 single-word instructions All single-cycle instructions except for program branches (two-cycle)

Special Microcontroller Features: Flash Memory: 14.3 Kbytes (8192 words) Data SRAM: 368 bytes Data EEPROM: 256 bytes Self-reprogrammable under software control Watchdog Timer with on-chip RC oscillator Power-saving Sleep mode Selectable oscillator options

The PIN diagram of PIC 16F877

Gobal system for mobile communication (GSM) Definition - Global system for mobile communication is globally accepted standerd for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. The GSM standard is intended to address the problems of compatibility,especially with the development of digital radio technology. GSM specifications: Frequency band-1850 to 1990 MHz Duplex distance-80 MHz(distance between uplink and downlink). Channel separation-200KHz(separation bet adjacent carrier frequncies).

 Modulation-GMSK Tx rate-270kbps Access method-TDMA. Speech coder-Line Predictive Coding(LPC). GSM services DTMF,FAX group3,SMS,cell broadcast,voice mail,FAX mail. Supplementry services Call forwding,barring of outgoing n incoming calls,call hold,call waiting, multiparty service.

MAX232 It is dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA232-F voltage levels from single 5V supply.Each receiver converts EIA inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels.hese receivers have typical threshold of 1.3V.Driver does opposite action of receiver.

SENSORS AND DESIGN TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35:- The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature in degree centigrade.

Features: Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/ scale factor C 0.5 accuracy guarantee able (at +25 C C) Rated for full 55 to +150 range C

 Suitable for remote applications Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 A current drain Low self-heating, 0.08 in still air C Low impedance output, 0.1 for 1 mA load .

HEART RATE SENSOR A bright light red LED transmitter and L14F1 photo transistor receiver is used to measure the heart rate. It generates square wave pulses and are measured by microcontroller using timers When the liquid in the bottle goes below a minimum threshold, then it is immediately reported. The L14F1/L14F2 are silicon photodarlingtons mounted in a narrow angle, TO-18 package.

FEATURES: Hermetically sealed package Narrow reception angle

Fig: L14F1 receiver

Block diagram BLOOD PRESSURE

The sensor used to sense cuff pressure is the MPX2050. Once the pressure sensor determines that the cuff has been inflated to 160mmHg, the cuff will deflate slowly at a rate of 2-3mmHg/sec. Deflation occurs automatically at this rate through the tubing with the help of two pin holes.

Flow chart for BP measurement:

BLOOD LEVEL MEASUREMENT A trans reciever pair is used to detect the blood level of the bottle. This parameter requiesrs a small circuit. It just require a bright light LED Tx and a L14F1 photo transistor,it

also gives an adequate output and hence doesnt require a signal conditioning circuit. Blood level only detects whether the blood bottle given to the patinent is empty or filled.Monitoring is required as to prevent abrupt air bubbles to be entering into patients body,Hence once it gets empty it gives the required indication for replacing it with the new filledone. Circuit Diagram:

POWER SUPPLY The basic step in the designing of any system is to design the power supply required for that system.The steps involved in the designing power supply are

i. Determine the total current that the system sinks from the supply. ii. Determine the voltage rating required for different compnents

for.

a)Filter Capacitor Design:Vr (ripple voltage) = 10% of output voltage = 0.9V Frequency = 50Hz Time Period =1/50 = 20ms Ripple = 1/ (4?3 x f x Cf x RL) Cf = Io/ (4?3 x f x Ripple x Vo) Cf = 381uf Practical available is 470 uf and hence we can use it. b) Transformer Selection:Minimum input required for LM7805 IC is given by the equation below. Vin =Vreg + drop out voltage across LM7805 IC = 5V + 2V = 7V The drop across diodes in the bridge rectifier is 1.4V

Minimum secondary voltage required is = 1.4 + 7 = 8.4V Hence, unregulated power supply design is for 9V. Thus the required turns ratio is N1 : N2 = V1 : V2 N1 : N2 = 230 : 9 = 25.5 : 1 Hence VA rating of the transformer is 9. c) Diode Design : PIV = Vm Vm = 9V Hence we select diode 1N4007 PIV = 100V, If = 1A

Reasons for choosing bridge rectifier: Better efficiency and regulation with less ripples. The PIV across each diode is Vm and not 2Vm as in case full wave rectifier. The ripples at the output are reduced by using a capacitor as a filter.Selection of capacitance depends on the current rating of the supply and voltage rating for capacitor on the secondary voltage of the transformer.

d) Regulator Selection:PIC16F877A requires a supply of +5V. The sensors also require the same voltage supply.The sink current of the system is not more than 200mA. Hence we select regulator IC LM7805. Input voltage range: 8V to 35V Drop out voltage: 2V Output rating: 5V

ALGORITHAM PIC 16F 877 :1. Initialize PIC. 2. Assign the port pins. 3. Read different parameters of the patient through the sensing units and display them on LCD. 4. Transmit this info. as text message through the GSM unit, to the Hospital. 5. Repeat the process for txn of updated info. After every 1sec. 6. Parallely the TX433 module will be waiting for the interrupt s/g from driver. 7. Interrupt could be any of the 4 s/gs for the selection of different lanes. MICROCONTROLLER 89s52 u c :1. Initialize the controller. 2. Initialize the signal setup at particular chowk. 3. Detect the commands sent by the Ambulance through RX433 and store the present situation of the s/g in stack. 4. Take the necessary action regarding the s/g, i.e making the particular s/g green and rest red. 5. Maintain the s/g status unless the command from Ambulance is disabled. 6. Once the path of ambulance is clear, normal controlling of the traffic s/g continues.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS Information of the patient is available right from the place where the patient is picked up by the ambuance. Traffic signals can be controlled well before 100m of the chowk. Very basic and essential parameters like, Blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature are analyzed and transmitted.

 GSM unit is very much reliable and data transmission is faster. Convenience in readability for parameters at the hospital unit,as using VB. NO seperate coding required for different chowks and lanes.

LIMITATIONS It is not a continuous monitoring system, a bit of delay in transmission of successive data (1sec). Use of multiple receiver sections at the chowk due to unavailability of centralized signalling system. Necessary feedback can be given back to GSM unit regarding the status at the hospital.

APPLICATIONS 1. The concept of wireless transmission of data can be used not only in medical field but also in industrial field for transmission of information regarding a particular m/c. 2. In very immense and critical situations where in humans cant be physically present. Ex. Coal mines, Nuclear power plants. 3. Defence field, for sending the parameters of the soldier to the base station.

FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS Real time continuous wireless patient monitoring system. 3G Technology,3.5G Technology,4G techgnology. Centralized signaling station for traffic control. GPS. We can extend our project by making it work in real time environment.We can directly use video conferencing, between the doctors and the medic. Real time Wireless technology

can be implemented in the same design,wherein the patients usefull parameters will be sent to the hospital unit via hitech technology.So that the exact situation of the patient will be known to the doctors,and necessary initial treatment could be provided.

3G & 4G technology: A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based solution where facilities such as IP telephony, ultra-broadband Internet access, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users. 4G is being developed to accommodate the (QoS) Quality of service and rate requirements set by further development of existing 3G applications like mobile broadband access,Multimedia Message Service (MMS), Video chat, Mobile chat, but also new services like HDT V. 4G may allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems.

Hitec Ambulance System:Concept Ambulance features numerous innovations that protect medics, patients, other motorists and pedestrians from injury. The innovations may also help ambulance teams save time in reaching emergency scenes and link easily with hospital personnel.

Innovations include: A device that changes red lights to green at appropriately equipped intersections; Cabinets designed to lower the risk of injury for anyone who falls against them; In Motion on-board mobile network gateway and GPS tracking; wireless medical reporting that saves time, ensures accuracy and protects confidentiality in identifying patients, documenting treatment, and sharing data with hospital staff.

LIST OF COMPONENTS SR . NO NAME OF COMPONENT . TYPE QUANTITY

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Microcontroller LCD display Transformer Voltage regulator Rectfying Diodes Capacitors Resistors

PIC 16F877 89S52 16 x 2 LCD 9v/500Ma LM 7805 1N4007 1000 uf 470 uf 1.1Mohm 68Kohm 10Kohm 380ohm 100Kohm 10Kohm POT

1 2 1 1 2 16 4 4 1 1 12 26 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 -

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 14. 15.

GSM RF transreciever Interfacing Unit Temperature sensor LED Photo diode Blood Pressure Cuff Connecting cables

TX433, RX433 IC MAX 232 LM 35 Bright LED (red) TIL 78 MPX2050 -