TMC 1213 Computer Architecture

Sem 2 Sesi 04/05

Tutorial 1 Answer
1. Explain each of the following terms in your own words: a) Computer Architecture Answer: Refers to those attributes of a system that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program. b) Computer Organization Answer: Refers to operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specification. 2. A computer can be characterized in terms of structure and function. What do structure and function mean? Answer: Structure the way in which components relate to each other (how they interrelated) Function operation of individual components as part of the structure

3. List and describe the basic function that a computer can perform. Answer:

TMC 1213 Computer Architecture

Sem 2 Sesi 04/05

4. What are the four main structural components of the computer? Answer:

CPU

Input/ Output

Central Processing Unit (CPU) controlling and data processing Main memory data storage I/O data movement between the computer and the external environment System Interconnection interconnection among CPU, main memory and I/O

Systems Interconnection

Main Memory

5. Describe the structure of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in the computer. Answer:

ALU

Registers

Control Unit controlling the operations of the CPU and hence the computer Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) data processing Registers storage internal to the CPU

CPU Interconnection

Control Unit

CPU interconnection interconnection among the control unit, ALU and registers

TMC 1213 Computer Architecture

Sem 2 Sesi 04/05

6. Briefly describe Moores Law. Answer: Moore observed that the number of transistors that could be put on a single chip was doubling every year and correctly predicted that this pace would continue into the near future. 7. List five applications of personal computers. Is there a limit to the applications of computers? Do you envision any radically different and exciting applications in the near future? If so, what? Answer: Some examples: a) Virtual reality b) Wearable computer (for health, security, etc) c) Augmented reality 8. Answer the following questions. o How many milliseconds (ms) are in 1 second? There are 1,000 milliseconds in 1 second o How many microseconds (s) are in 1 second? 1,000,000 microseconds are in 1 second o How many nanoseconds (ns) are in 1 millisecond? 0.000001 nanoseconds (ns) are in 1 millisecond o How many microseconds are in 1 millisecond? 0.001 microseconds are in 1 millisecond o How many kilobytes (KB) are in 1 gigabyte (GB)? 1048576 kilobytes (KB) are in 1 gigabyte (GB) o How many kilobytes are in 1 megabyte (MB)? 1024 kilobytes are in 1 megabyte (MB) o How many megabytes are in 1 gigabyte (GB)? 1024 megabytes are in 1 gigabyte (GB) o How many bytes are in 20 megabytes? 20971520 bytes are in 20 megabytes

TMC 1213 Computer Architecture

Sem 2 Sesi 04/05

o How many kilobytes are in 2 gigabytes? 2097152 kilobytes are in 2 gigabytes

The standard measurement units that are used online and on your family's computer are gigabytes, megabytes, kilobytes and bytes.
Largest Gigabyte (GB) Larger Megabyte (MB) Large Kilobyte (KB) Basic Unit Byte

Exact Conversion 1,024 Byte = 1 Kilobyte (KB) 1,024 Kilobyte (KB) = 1 Megabyte (MB) 1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB) 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 Megabyte (MB) Converting from One Measurement to Another (Non exact conversion) To convert from a larger to the next smaller unit, just move the decimal place three places to the right. For instance: If you have 1 gigabyte, how many megabytes are there?

The answer is 1 GB = 1,000 MB. To convert from a smaller unit to the next larger unit, move the decimal place three places to the left. For instance: If you have 1,000 kilobytes, how many megabytes are there?

The answer is 1,000 KB = 1 MB When you see 1.2 megabytes that means that there is 1 megabyte and 2/10 of a megabyte or 1 megabyte and 200 kilobytes. Confused? Let's do the math: 1.2 - move the decimal place three places to the right to convert to kilobytes. 1200 kilobytes Subtract the 1000 kilobytes and convert it to megabytes, leaving 200 kilobytes. 1 megabyte and 200 kilobytes

TMC 1213 Computer Architecture

Sem 2 Sesi 04/05

References: 1. http://www.unit-conversion.info/time.html 2. http://familyinternet.about.com/cs/computinghelp/l/aa052401a.htm