Figure 17-3. Explosive Bolt Figure 17-3 shows a typical explosive bolt design. A cap screw is drilled and tapped to accept an electrically activated charge. A fracture groove is cut into the shank of the bolt. The location of the groove corresponds to the mating surfaces of the components to be bolted. This assures a proper release and minimizes the chance of jamming. The charge is held in place with a sealed bolt. The charge must be serviceable, otherwise the entire fastener will have to be changed out at the end of its service life. It should also be noted that the ends of an explosive bolt should be retained during detonation. The end pieces can blow out with a great deal of force and can seriously damage any equipment that they may impact.
Figure 17-5. Dash Pot Shock Absorbers Hydraulic dash pots operate in much the same manner as their pneumatic counterparts, except the flow is controlled through a bypass loop, as shown in the lower illustration (B). The bypass loop can be set up with a pair of needle valves and check valves, which allows the damping characteristics of both the extend and the retract to be tuned independently. Figure 17-6 shows a pneumatic dash pot used to dampen the motion of a pendulum accelerometer. The dash pot will limit sudden impulse loads, while allowing long duration loads to be monitored. Figure 17-7 shows a hydraulic dash pot used to limit the speed at which a solenoid-activated knife switch throws.
Figure 17-9. Dynamic Braking Schematic Figure 17-9 shows a dynamic braking system with a shunt wound DC motor. The field current is controlled by the Power/Brake control rheostat. The operation of the motor (run or brake) is controlled by the Power/Brake switch. In the power mode, the motor is fed DC power and operated as a normal electric motor. The speed of the motor is controlled by adjusting the field current. In the brake mode, the motor is disconnected from the DC power and is connected to a resistive load dump. During this time, the spinning motor acts as a generator and the rotational energy that is being introduced into the output shaft is removed in the form of heat. The braking effect can be controlled by adjusting the field current. By integrating the switch and rheostat into a common assembly, a single lever throttle/brake control can be configured.
Figure 17-12. 120-VAC Utility Transformer Schematic Figure 17-12 shows a schematic representation of the utility control transformer. It is important to use both input and output fuses , as shown.
Figure 17-13. String Tuner Drive When the variable capacitor is replaced with a potentiometer, the scale can indicate voltage, resistance, volume, balance, and the like.
Figure 17-15. Packaged Air Compressor Figure 17-16 shows the electrical schematic for the compressor. The motor is connected to the power source through a motor controller with a set of overload heaters. The coil is controlled with an upper/lower limit pressure switch. The control circuit is normally operated from a 120-VAC control transformer, as shown.
Figure 17-17 shows a pneumatic control station configured to control the positions of two air cylinders on a piece of nearby equipment. A pair of four-way, venting solenoid valves is mounted to the output of a pressure regulator. The solenoids receive their signals from a plant-wide control loop.
17.16. Toasters
One electromechnical device that we have all experienced is the ordinary bread toaster. These are clever devices that will perfectly toast a slice of bread every time. Figure 17-20 shows a schematic representation of a typical bread toaster. The bread is placed into the slot and rests on a bread tray. When the tray is lowered, it closes a limit switch and is latched into place. As the heaters cook the bread, the coiled bimetal strip heats up and eventually pulls the latch open, allowing the bread tray to pop up. By adjusting the preload on the coiled bimetal strip, the down time can be adjusted and the brownness of the toast can be controlled.
Figure 17-20. Bread Toaster Citation Brian S. Elliott: Electromechanical Devices & Components Illustrated Sourcebook. ELECTROMECHANICAL MECHANISMS, Chapter (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2007), AccessEngineering
Page Contents
Solenoid Door Latch Hinge Cable Explosive Bolts Traction Elevator Dash Pots Spark Plugs Dynamic Braking Three Door Bell System Utility Transformer String Drives Motorized Locking Systems Air Compressor Control Pneumatic Control Stations Fuel Injector Nozzles Spot Welders Toasters