StructuralEngineersAssociationofNorthernCalifornia

20082009SpecialProjectsInitiative,(SPI).

20082009SEAONCBoardofDirectors:
ReinhardLudke(President),RafaelSabelli(VicePresident),KateStillwell(Treasurer),
BretLizundia(PastPres.),GregDeierlein,MarkKetchum,KarinKuffel,JohnOsteraas.

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwood
sillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances

SEAONCSPIProjectTeam:

ScientificConstructionLaboratories,Inc.(SCL)
W.AndrewFennell,CE,SECB,GC

ThomasA.Voss,CE
3397Mt.DiabloBlvd.,SuiteE

Lafayette,California94549

(T)925.284.3363(F)925.284.3360

andy.sclabs@earthlink.net
voss.sclabs@earthlink.net

CERTUSConsulting,Inc.(CCI)
KevinMoore,CE,SE,SECB

405FourteenthStreet,Suite160
Oakland,California94612
(T)510.835.0705(F)510.835.0775
moore@certuscorp.net

StructuralSolutions,Inc.(SSI)
GaryMochizuki,CE,SE
150N.Wiget,Suite102
WalnutCreek,CA94598
(T)925.938.3303(F)925.938.3522
gary@structsol.com

TheProjectTeamgratefullyacknowledgesthefollowingfortheirinvaluableprojectsupport:
(Additionalprojectacknowledgementsarelistedintheattachedreport)

SimpsonStrongTieCompany,Inc.(SSTC)
StevePryor,CE,SE
RicardoArevalo,CE,SE
TimMurphy,CE

AmericanForest&PaperAssociation(AF&PA)
PhilLine,PE
BradDouglas,PE
ShaneCochran


Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnecting
woodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedge
distances

W.AndrewFennell,CE,SECB,CPEng
ScientificConstructionLaboratories,Inc.

KevinS.Moore,CE,SE,SECB
CertusConsulting,Inc.

PhilipLine,PE
AmericanWoodCouncil/AF&PA

ThomasD.VanDorpe,CE,SE,CBO
VanDorpe,ChouandAssociates,Inc.

GaryL.Mochizuki,CE,SE
StructuralSolutions,Inc.

ThomasA.Voss,CE
ScientificConstructionLaboratories,Inc.

Abstract:

The2006InternationalBuildingCode(IBC06)istheModelCodeforthe2007CaliforniaBuildingCode
(CBC07). IBC06 references ACI 31805 Appendix D for the determination of anchor bolt capacity (in
singleshear)whenattachingwoodsillplatestoconcretefoundations.Manypracticingengineersand
buildingofficialsarecurrentlymystifiedbythelowanchorboltcapacitiesobtainedfromtheapplication
ofAppendixDequationsforwoodframedconstructioninseismicdesigncategoriesD,EandF.

In the absence of available test data, members of the 20082009 Structural Engineers Association of
California (SEAOC) Seismology Committee concluded that the development and support of a study to
characterizetypicalfoundationanchorboltedtowoodsillplateconnectionswasnecessarytoestablish
abasisforevaluatingdesigncapacitieswhilebetterunderstandingthebehaviorofthisbasicconnection.

Results obtained through initial rudimentary experiments provided the authors and the SEAOC
Seismology Committee with a basis for the development of the test setup and protocol contained
herein.TheexperimentaltestscontainedhereinwereperformedattheTyrellGilbResearchLaboratory
in Stockton California. All tests were singlebolt tests in wood sill plates connected to concrete with
standard castinplace steel anchor Lbolts. A total of 28 tests were performed; twentyfour primary
testsandfourauxiliarytests.Theloadusedtotesttheconditionofinterestconsistedofaforceapplied
paralleltothefreeedgeoftheconcrete.Inaddition,nondestructivetestingwasperformedconcurrently
onconcretesurfacestodetectanyflawsanddelaminationsthatmayhaveformedduringtesting.

Thetestprogramyieldedresultsindicatingthattheconnectionofwoodsillplatetoconcreteusingcast
inplacesteelanchorboltsisductileandthatdesigncapacities(bothpastandpresent)areconservative.

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Introduction:

Seismic force resisting systems for wood framed buildings typically comprise wood structural panel
shearwallswithanchorboltslocatedattheedgeoffoundations(SeeImage1).Theseconnectionsoften
haveanedgedistanceof13/4fromtheboltcenterlinetothefaceoftheconcreteslaborfooting.

Image1Viewofanasbuiltanchorboltinstallation(left),designdetailfortypicalanchorboltinstallation
(right).Anchorshowninasbuiltconditionis5/8nominaldiameterwitha2x2platewasherperCBC2001.

Engineers have historically anticipated the controlling failure of this connection to occur between the
anchorboltandthewoodsillplate.However,designcapacitiesforbreakoutstrengthoftheanchorbolt
inshear,determinedinaccordancewithACI31805AppendixD,aregreatlyreducedandtypicallyless
thanthedesigncapacityapplicabletothewoodtoconcreteconnectionwithsmalledgedistances.ACI
31805providesanincreasetobreakoutdesigncapacitywhereconnectionsareductilebutapplication
ofductileprovisionstothewoodtoconcreteconnectionisnotclearlydefinedwithinACI31805.

Lacking specific test data to substantiate the reduced design capacities for anchors in concrete in a
typical wood to concrete connection loaded parallel to the edge (per ACI 31805, Appendix D), the
Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC) Seismology Committee supported the
development of a study to characterize typical anchor bolted connections through a comprehensive
experimentaltestingprogramwiththefollowinggoals:
Establishtestdatafortheconnectioncapacitywhenloadedparalleltotheedge.
Determinewhethertheconnectionexhibitsductilebehavior.
Proposerationaldesigncapacitiesfortheconnectionbasedontestresults.

Alltestsweresinglebolttestsinwoodsillplatesconnectedtoconcretewithstandardcastinplacesteel
anchorbolts.Atotalof28testswereperformed;24primarytestsandfourauxiliarytests.Additional
nondestructive testing was performed concurrently on concrete surfaces to detect flaws and
delaminationsifformedduringtesting.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

TestSpecimens:

Figure1depictsatypicalcrosssectionofthespecifiedtestspecimen.Materialpropertiesaredescribed
below (Component descriptions) . Material properties for each test are included in Table1 (primary
tests)andTable2(auxiliarytests).

Figure 1 Typical section for 2x4 / 3x4 test specimens. Not to scale. (2x6 / 3x6 tests; nominal specified edge
distancechangedto23/4)

Theanchorstested(paralleltotheconcreteface)werecastinplaceintworowsasdepictedinFigure1.
Interactionbetweenthetworowsofanchorsandanyassociatedproximityeffectsontestresultswas
determined to be insignificant based on results of the initial experiments with similar test specimen
design.

Foralltests,nominalboltdiameterwas5/8andconcretecompressivestrengthwasbetween2500psi
and3000psi.Allconcretespecimensweretestedascast,withouttheintentionalcreationofcracksin
thetestspecimen.FurtherdiscussionbehindthisdecisioncanbefoundintheSEAOCBlueBookarticle
onanchorbolts(availablefromwww.SEAOC.org/bluebook).

Woodsillplateswere2x4,3x4,2x6and3x6Douglasfir,incisedandpreservativetreated.Anchorbolts
werecenteredinthewidefaceof4nominalwidthand6nominalwidthmembersresultingintarget
edgedistances(measuredfromcenterlineoftheanchortothefaceoftheconcretefoundation)of1
3/4and23/4,respectively.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Componentdescriptionsfollow:

Concrete a compressive strength (fc) of 2500psi to 3000psi was specified for the tests to represent
typicallightframeconstruction.Compressivetestcylinderresultsrangedfrom2550psi(on11/12/08)to
2710psi(on11/19/08).ModulusofElasticity(MOE)wasmeasuredfromaspecimencastfromthetest
specimenconcreteon11/11/08atSCLas3.61x106psi.Asingle60ksi#4reinforcingbarwasruntopand
bottomoftheconcretespecimenasshowninFigure1.Thereinforcementwasplaced3fromthetop
and3fromthebottom,andlocatedcentrallyinthe12widetestspecimen.

Woodsillplateswereofnominal2x4,3x4,2x6and3x6sizes.Allmaterialwaspressurepreservative
treated (PT). The following properties for each specimen are reported in Table 1; lumber species,
lumbergrade,moisturecontentandpreservativetreatment.Sillplatestockwastestedinasreceived
condition. The material procured was specified as PT, DF, #2 or better. Unless otherwise noted in
Table 1, each test utilized a 11/16 diameter bored hole centered on the wide face of the wood sill
plate.

Anchor bolts were bare steel ASTM A307 Lbolts, 5/8 nominal diameter (0.559 actual) with rolled
threads.Yieldstress(Fy),fortheboltswasdeterminedbytestas40ksi.Platewasherswereprefabricated
squaresteelplates(0.229x3x3)withadiameterstandardhole.Anchorboltswereembedded7
(held in place by bolt holders during casting). No reinforcement was placed coincident with the bolt
locations.Anchorboltsweredesignedtobeplacedwithanedgedistanceof13/4(centerofboltto
edgeofconcrete)for2x4and3x4tests.Fortestsof2x6and3x6sillplates,a23/4edgedistancewas
specified. Actual clear cover measurements were determined with a pachometer. See Table 1 for
specified(andactual)edgedistancesforeachtest.

Anchor bolt nut condition All tests (except 1 auxiliary test) were run with the nut finger tight +
turn. This condition is intended to represent a typical inservice condition where the sill plate has
undergonesomedimensionalchangebecauseofchangesinmoisturecontent.

Membrane an isolation membrane was installed on some tests as noted in Table 1. The membrane
was comprised of two layers of 10mil polyethylene sheeting (0.010). Lithium grease was sprayed
betweenthetwopliestoapproximateanidealizedfrictionlessplane.Testsutilizingthemembraneare
designatednffornonfriction,(I.e.1D1nf).Theeffectoffrictionwasevaluatedfor2x4and3x4sill
plateswherethespecifiededgedistancewas13/4.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009
Table1SummaryofPrimaryTests
TestID's
TestDate
1A1f289
11/12/08
1A2f290
11/12/08
2A1f293
11/12/08
2A2f294
11/12/08

PlateTest.UON
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
2x4sillplate.
2x4sillplate.
2x4sillplate.

1C1nf291
11/12/08
1C2nf292
11/12/08
2C1nf295
11/12/08
2C2nf296
11/13/08

2x4sillplate.

1B1f298
11/13/08
1B2f299
11/13/08
2B1f304
11/14/08
2B2f305
11/14/08

3x4sillplate.

1D1nf300
11/13/08
1D2nf301
11/13/08
2D1nf306
11/14/08
2D2nf307
11/14/08

3x4sillplate.

4A1f310
11/14/08
4A2f311
11/14/08
4C1f314
11/19/08
4C2f315
11/19/08

2x6sillplate.

4B1f312
11/14/08
4B2f313
11/14/08
4D1f316
11/19/08
4D2f317
11/19/08

3x6sillplate.

2x4sillplate.
2x4sillplate.
2x4sillplate.

3x4sillplate.
3x4sillplate.
3x4sillplate.

3x4sillplate.
3x4sillplate.
3x4sillplate.

2x6sillplate.
2x6sillplate.
2x6sillplate.

3x6sillplate.
3x6sillplate.
3x6sillplate.

EdgeDistance:
Nominal,
Actual.
1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.8"
1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.7"

LoadingProtocol

MoistureContent,PT
Lumberspecies&grade.

Monotonic
250#/sec.
Monotonic
250#/sec.
Cyclic
SEAOC@50#/sec.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

9.1%to9.7%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
8.4%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
7.9%to8.5%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
7.5%to8.1%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.8"
1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
250#/sec.
Monotonic
250#/sec.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

6.5%to8.1%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
7.0%to8.3%,Boarate.
DFStandard&Better.
9.1%to10.2%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
7.5%to8.1%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.8"
1.75"
2.0"
1.75"
1.7"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

12.1%to13.0%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
12.5%,Boarate.
DFStandard&Better.
10.6%to12.3%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
10.7%to11.8%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.8"
1.75"
1.8"
1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

10.1%to12.4%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
11.2%,Boarate.
DFStandard&Better.
10.9%to11.1%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.
9.0%to9.1%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

2.75"
2.6"
2.75"
2.7"
2.75"
2.6"
2.75"
2.4"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

14.0%to17.4%,Borate.
DF#2.
17.6%to18.2%,Borate.
DF#1orBetter.
14.0%to17.4%,Borate.
DF#2.
17%,Borate.
DF#1orBetter.

2.75"
2.7"
2.75"
2.9"
2.75"
2.6"
2.75"
2.7"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Monotonic
0.75"/min.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

14%,Borate.
DF#1orBetter.
9.2%,ACQ.
DF,GradeN/A.
10.1%,Borate.
DF#1orBetter.
11.6%,ACQ.
DF,GradeN/A.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009
Table2SummaryofAuxiliaryTests.
TestID's
TestDate
Spare1f308
11/14/08
Spare2f309
11/14/08
SpareSPD1f302
11/13/08
SpareSPD2f303
11/13/08

PlateTest.UON
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
Loosenut
O/Shole=0.75"f
3x4sillplate.

EdgeDistance:
Nominal,
Actual.
1.75"
1.9"
1.75"
1.7"

(N)2x4sillplate.
Usedsameanchor
testedin2C2nf.
2x4sillplate.

LoadingProtocol

MoistureContent,PT
Lumberspecies&grade.

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.

10.1%to11.8%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

Cyclic(0.2Hz).
SPD(Dcontrol).
Inputerror.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SPD(Dcontrol).

8.8%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

1.75"
1.9"
Sameas2C2nf
1.75"
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
1.8"
SPD(Dcontrol).

9.5%,Boarate.
DFStandard&Better.
8.8%,Borate.
DFStandard&Better.

TestSetUpandInstrumentation:

AlltestswereconductedattheTyrellGilbResearchLaboratoryinStockton,California.Thelaboratoryis
owned and operated by the Simpson StrongTie Company (SSTC) who generously agreed to donate
materialandtestingservicestothisproject.ThemajorityofthetestingoccurredbetweenNovember12
14,2008(fourtestswerecompletedonNovember19,2008).Image2isannotatedtoshowthetypical
setupforthesingleanchortests.

SCL_80XX_111208_WAF_172

4
1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Singleanchortested(5/8)in7longsillplate
Directionofload(monotonicorpseudocyclic)
25003000psiconcrete
Displacementgauge(stringpot)
Loadinggripfromhydraulicramtowoodsill
Previouslytestedanchor

Image2TypicalsetupforanchortestsatTyrellGilbResearchLaboratoryinStockton,CA.

Monotonictestswererunasdisplacementcontrolledatarateof0.75/minute.Cyclictestswererunas
displacementcontrolledatafrequencyof0.2Hz(1cycleevery5seconds).Eachanchorboltwastested

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

asasingleelementconnectinga7footlongsillplatetothelargerconcretefoundationelement.Four
loadinggripstransferredtheparallelforcefromtheloadingbeamtothesillplate(seeImage2).The
gripswereattachedtothesillplatewithagroupof11/2longSDSSerieswoodscrews.Atotalof64
screws,distributedamongstmultipleloadtransferassemblies(seeImage2)wereusedtotransferthe
appliedloadintoeachtestspecimen.Noverticalloadwasintroducedintothetestspecimen.

Displacementwasmeasuredhorizontallyattwolocations;(1)attheloadingramand(2)atthesillplate
adjacent to the anchor bolt. All loads and displacements were collected via a stateoftheart digital
dataacquisitionsystem.Datawascollectedatarateof8readingspersecondformonotonictestsand
32timespersecondforcyclictests.

Specimen details were documented before and after each test. Realtime video was collected during
eachtestfromtwocameraangles:(1)sideelevationtoobservethefaceofconcreteatthenearedge,
and (2) from above to observe sill plate and anchor bolt behavior. The clear cover of each anchor
locationwasdeterminedthroughtheuseofaProfometerrebarlocator(pachometer),manufacturedby
ProceqInstruments.Duringeachtest,impactechotestingwasusedtosoundforinternalflaws.From
earlierexperiments,itwasdeterminedthatconcretedelaminationcanformbeforeanythingisvisually
apparentfromtheexteriorfaceoftheconcrete.

TestPlanDevelopment:

Priortestingofwoodsillplatesboltedtoconcrete(Reference1)usinganddiameteranchorbolts
with13/4edgedistance,locatedapproximately8fromtheendsoftheconcretespecimenexhibited
yieldingoftheboltaspredictedbytheNDSyieldlimitequationsassociatedwithModeIIIsandModeIV
behavior. Observations from the monotonic tests included yielding of the bolt at the surface of the
concrete followed by rotation of the bolt such that the washer below the nut was pressed into the
wood sill plate. Concrete degradation was observed in the vicinity of the bolt after yielding. The
reported testing however, did not evaluate a wood sill plate bolted to concrete subjected to cyclic
loading.

Comparative data on the capacities of and diameter bolted connections (woodtowood) using
variousloadingprotocols(pseudocyclic,monotonic,andsequentialphaseddisplacement,Reference3)
indicatedfastenerfatiguewasnotalikelyfailuremodeandthatultimatestrengthwasnotsignificantly
influencedbyvariousloadingprotocols.

Preliminary experiments conducted during summer 2008 (performed at Scientific Construction

Laboratories (SCL), Inc.) provided basic information on connection behavior and testing variables.
Specimen configuration (e.g. single 5/8 diameter anchors with 13/4 edge distance) was identical to
thatspecifiedfortheStocktontests.Observationsfromthepreliminarytestsindicatedthefollowing:
NDSYieldModeIIIsandIVwerethegoverningyieldmodeforwoodsillplateanchorsloadedparallel
totheconcreteedgefor2xand3xnominalthicknesswoodmembers,respectively
Concrete side breakout occurs, but usually at relatively large loads and displacements when
comparedtocalculateddesigncapacities
Initial nut tightness has an effect on connection performance as significant friction develops
betweentheconcreteandthewoodduringlateraltranslationwithaboltedconnection
Earlystagesofconcretesidebreakoutarenotvisuallydetectableduringthetest

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Fromthepreliminaryexperiments,frictionbetweenthewoodsillplateandconcretewasconsideredto
be significant. The amount of shear resisted by friction was not known and the amount of friction
presentinthetest maynotbepresentinrealapplications.The membranetests(e.g.nfinTable1)
were therefore recommended to simulate pure shear through the minimization of the effect of
friction on connection behavior, and conservatively force the majority of lateral load into the anchor
bolt.

Peakloadsfrommonotonictestswereusedtoestablishthereferenceforceterm,Q0,whichestablishes
abasevaluefortheloadstepsinthepseudocyclictesting.Monotonictestswererunatasufficiently
slowratesuchthatanyinternalflawsformingwithintheconcretecouldbedetectedusingimpactecho
testing. The loading rate for the monotonic tests was deemed appropriate for establishing the
reference force term (Q0) and to allow for careful monitoring of the test specimen and mechanism
formation.

The loading protocol adopted for the Stockton tests, identified as the SEAOC Modified Load Protocol
(Table1),wasdevelopedbytheSEAOCSeismologyCommitteeandtheSEAOCLightFrameConstruction
Subcommittee.Theloadingprotocolwasinitiallydesignedtobeforcecontrolled,howeverinitialtests
usingtheforcecontrolledprotocolcausedanendlessfeedbackloopinthedigitalcontrolunit,causing
thehydraulicequipmenttoloadthespecimeninanuncontrolledfashion.Becausetheloadcouldnot
be controlled, the testing lab (with the assistance and input of some of the authors) developed a
substitute displacementcontrolled loading protocol that mimicked the forcecontrolled protocol in
termsofappliedforcesandimposeddisplacements.Displacementsassociatedwithsmallerloadsteps
(e.g.500lbf,1000lbf,1500lbf,2250lbf,3000lbfand5000lbf)wereusedtoestablishtheinitialcycles
oftheSEAOCModifiedLoadProtocol(Table1).

TheSEAOCModifiedLoadProtocolisbasedontheCUREEloadingprotocol(SeeReference2)withcycles
addedatlowerforcelevels.AdditionalloadingprotocolsdescribedinFEMA461(SeeReference7)were
also considered as part of the loading protocol development effort. Table 3 shows the CUREE cyclic
protocol load steps (varying between 0.5Q0 and 1.0Q0). Image 3 shows an example plot of the SEAOC
ModifiedLoadingProtocolasadisplacementbasedinputforthetestapparatus.

Thetestingprogramdesigned4auxiliaryteststoprovideredundancyincaseanyspecimensharbored
abnormalities that create premature damage or cause errors in data acquisition. Three of the four
auxiliary tests were run using Sequential Phase Displacement (SPD) load protocol (see Table 2). The
fourth auxiliary test was run with the SEAOC Modified Load Protocol with a loose anchor nut and an
oversizedholeinthewoodsillplate.Thedatafromthefourauxiliarytestshavenotbeenincorporated
intheanalysisand/orfindingsexpressedinthisreport.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Table3Inputsfordisplacementcontrolledcyclictests.SeeImage3belowforagraphicalexample
plot.
Monotonic
Tests

2x4f

2x4nf

3x4f

3x4nf

2x6f

3x6f

Comment

Monotonic1
Monotonic2

1A1f(289)
1A2f(290)

1C1f(291)
1C2f(292)

1B1f(298)
1B2f(299)

1D1f(300)
1D2f(301)

4A1f(310)
4A2f(311)

4B1f(312) Tests289292runasforcecontrol(250#/s).
4B2f(313) Allothermonotonicsrunasdisplacementcontrol

PseudoCyclic1
PseudoCyclic2

2A1f(293)
2A2f(294)

2C1f(295)
2C2f(296)

2B1f(304)
2B2f(305)

2D1f(306)
2D2f(307)

4C1f(314)
4C2f(315)

4D1f(316) Test293runasforcecontrol(50#/s).
4D2f(317) Thesecyclictestsrunasdisplacementcontrol

Qo=

14000#

8000#

14000#

10000#

14000#

16000#

Qodeterminedfrom2monotonictests.

#ofcycles
at+/

2x4f
(Inches)

2x4nf
(Inches)

3x4f
(Inches)

3x4nf
(Inches)

2x6f
(Inches)

3x6f
(Inches)

Comment

3
3
3
3
3

0.001
0.034
0.057
0.065
0.076

0.045
0.068
0.078
0.093
0.108

0.001
0.001
0.014
0.080
0.104

0.028
0.055
0.078
0.096
0.117

0.044
0.069
0.086
0.107
0.131

0.001
0.002
0.036
0.053
0.065

Average at500#from2monotonictests
Average at1000#from2monotonictests
Average at1500#from2monotonictests
Average at2250#from2monotonictests
Average at3000#from2monotonictests

0.231

0.110

Extracycles.
Average at5000#from2monotonictests

5
5

0.206
0.442

0.139
0.231

0.311
0.793

0.219
0.551

0.367
0.662

0.326
0.806

0.5Qo
0.7Qo

1
2

0.614
0.294

0.319
0.174

1.016
0.518

0.941
0.322

0.815
0.485

0.913
0.571

0.8Qo
0.6Qo

1
2

0.834
0.395

0.456
0.212

1.139
0.724

1.732
0.301

0.991
0.626

1.184
0.756

0.9Qo
0.675Qo

1
2

1.500
0.532

0.704
0.251

1.368
0.886

2.053
0.761

1.204
0.739

1.437
0.913

1Qo
0.75Qo

Image3Graphicalexampleplotofinputsfordisplacementcontrolledcyclictests

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ExperimentalPerformanceofTestSpecimens:

The primary test results are plotted on Charts 16. Each chart contains four plots; two identical
monotonic tests and two identical cyclic tests. The load and displacement axis values are maintained
constant between each chart, resulting in minor data clipping in some charts. In addition to the data
plottedinCharts16,AppendixTableAcontainsdetailedobservationsofeachtestconducted.

Chart1depictsCyclicTests(293,294)vs.MonotonicTests(289,290).Thesetestspecimenswere2x4
sillplateswith13/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Frictionwasallowed
todevelopbelowthesillplate.

Chart2depictsCyclicTests(295,296)vs.MonotonicTests(291,292).Thesetestspecimenswere2x4sill
plateswith13/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Anisolationmembrane
wasusedbetweenthewoodsillplateandconcretetominimizefriction.

Chart3depictsCyclicTests(304,305)vs.MonotonicTests(298,299).Thesetestspecimenswere3x4sill
plateswith13/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Frictionwasallowedto
developbelowthesillplate.

Chart4depictsCyclicTests(306,307)vs.MonotonicTests(300,301).Thesetestspecimenswere3x4sill
plateswith13/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Anisolationmembrane
wasusedbetweenthewoodsillplateandconcretetominimizefriction.

Chart5depictsCyclicTests(314,315)vs.MonotonicTests(310,311).Thesetestspecimenswere2x6sill
plateswith23/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Frictionwasallowedto
developbelowthesillplate.

Chart6depictsCyclicTests(316,317)vs.MonotonicTests(312,313).Thesetestspecimenswere3x6sill
plateswith23/4specifiededgedistance,loadedparalleltotheconcreteedge.Frictionwasallowedto
developbelowthesillplate.

Image4andImage5showexamplesofpretestandposttestdocumentation.

Plotsforthefourauxiliarytestsarenotincludedintheanalysisorconclusionsofthereport,norarethey
includedinthefollowingcharts.Chart8isasingularexceptionprovidedtoprovidetheresultsoftwo
testswithdifferentpseudocyclictestloadingprotocolsforcomparison.

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NonSEAOC

NonSEAOC

Chart1CyclicTests(293,294)vsMonotonicTests(289,290)

NonSEAOC

Chart2CyclicTests(295,296)vsMonotonicTests(291,292)

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NonSEAOC

Chart3CyclicTests(304,305)vsMonotonicTests(298,299)

NonSEAOC

Chart4CyclicTests(306,307)vsMonotonicTests(300,301)

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NonSEAOC

Chart5CyclicTests(314,315)vsMonotonicTests(310,311)

NonSEAOC

Chart6CyclicTests(316,317)vsMonotonicTests(312,313)

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Image4Pretestdocumentation(typical).

Image5Posttestdocumentation(typical).Impactechotestingshowninlowerrightofimage.

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ExperimentalPerformanceofTestSpecimens:(continued)

Thefollowingplotsandimageshighlightspecificobservationsregardingtheeffectofthemembraneon
monotonic test results and typical concrete failure for the test case with 13/4 edge distance. See
AppendixTableAforadditionaldetailedobservationsofeachtestconducted.

EffectoffrictionChart7Thischartprovidescomparativeresultsofmonotonictestsconductedwith
andwithoutthemembrane.The membrane wasprovidedtocreateasignificantlysmoothinterface
betweenthewoodsillplateandthesurfaceoftheconcrete (frictionissignificantlyreducedfrom the
typical constructed condition). As shown in Chart 7, the friction effect is negligible at small
displacementsandsmallforces(intherangeofallowabledesigncapacities).However,thepresenceof
the membrane has an obvious effect at relatively large loads and displacements. The effect of the
membrane on response in cyclic tests appears to be significantly less than the effect observed in
monotonictests.

SEAOC
2monotonictests:
2monotonictests:
Nomembranepresent
Nomembrane
toallowfriction.
t

Preliminary

2monotonictests:
2monotonictests:
Membranepresent to
Membranepresentto
preventfriction.
minimizefriction.

RangeofASD
designcapacities.

Chart7Comparativeplotofmonotonictestswith(291,292)&without(289,290)membrane.

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Concrete side breakout (if it occurred) was detected during the tests using impactecho non
destructive test methods (see Reference 8). The approximate load and displacement associated with
concretestrengthdegradation(asdetectedforeachspecimen)istabulatedintheAppendix,TableA.
Concrete delamination was not detected at force levels below 6000 pounds. The first stage of
delamination is typified by a series of cracks that form within the concrete propagating from the
centerlineoftheanchorbolt,anglingtowardstheouter/freefaceoftheconcrete(Images6).Thecracks
ultimatelyreachtheouterface,creatingashallowspall.Earlystagesofconcretedelaminationarenot
always visually apparent. Strong correlation between the peak envelope values with the onset of
concrete side breakout was observed. In all tests, bolts yielded and started to deform the concrete,
whilethetipoftheanchorremainedfirmlyencasedinconcrete.

SCL_80XX_060408_WAF_119

SCL_80XX_111208_TAV_069

SCL_80XX_111208_TAV_027

SCL_80XX_111208_AAG_050 (cropped)

Image6Examplesimagesdepictingdevelopmentofconcretesidebreakout.Note:imagesshownarenotfrom
thesametest.

Cyclic test 296 was stopped at approximately 0.60 displacement; the sill plate was unbolted and
documented. The specimen conditions documented after the completion of test 296 are shown in
Image 7. The concrete remained undamaged (confirmed visually and via impactecho nondestructive
testing).Thesameanchorwasthenretested(Test302).Anewpieceofsillplatewasbolteddownand
subjected to the SPD pseudocyclic loading protocol. The resulting loaddisplacement plots for both
Tests296and302areshown(Chart8).

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Image7Compositeimageryofstoppedtest(Test296).Seetextfordescription.

NonSEAOC

Chart8CompositeplotofTests296and302.

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AnalyticalStudies:

DefinitionofPeakandUltimateValues

AllcyclictestdatawasanalyzedinaccordancewithASTME212608StandardTestMethodsforCyclic
(Reversed)LoadTestforShearResistanceofWallsforBuildings(Reference6).Thepositiveandnegative
envelop curves for each specimen were combined to produce an average envelope curve used to
establish peak load, displacement at peak load, ultimate load, and displacement at ultimate load as
summarized in Table 4. Graphs of data are provided in Appendix B. Example load displacement
hysteresiscurvesareshowninCharts1through6.Anexampleaverageenvelopecurveisprovidedas
Figure2.

12000

Ultimate
Failure

10000

Load (lbs.)

8000

Peak

6000
4000

2000

0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

Figure2Averageenvelopecurvefromcyclictests(Specimen294shown).

ThesawtoothpatterndepictedinFigure2wasobservedfortestsusingtheSEAOCModifiedTesting
Protocol.Forpurposesofthisstudy,Peakloadwasassignedtothehighestloadreachedpriortoa
dropinloadlevelofatleast5%,whichisadeparturefromASTME2126wherepeakisdefinedasthe
maximum load. The revised definition of Peak used in this report intends to address first signs of
noticeablestrengthlosscorrespondingtotheonsetofconcretesidebreakout.Ultimateload,asused
inthisstudy,isthelastdatapointwithavaluegreaterthan0.8*Peak.TheUltimateload,aspresented
inthisreport,istheloadatmaximumdisplacementpriortostoppingthetest.However,iftheloadat
maximum displacement is smaller than 0.8*Peak load then 0.8*Peak load, and the corresponding
displacement,isreportedasUltimate.

Averageenvelopecurvesfor13/4edgedistancetestsaredepictedinChart9.
Averageenvelopecurvesfor23/4edgedistancetestsaredepictedinChart10.

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Table4TestValues

ca1
Peak
Ultimate

Load,
Displacement,
Load,
Displacement,
TestID
Sillplate,Load
In.
lbf
in.
lbf
in.
1A1f289
2x4,Mono.
1.9
12755
0.84
13519
1.62
1A2f290
2x4,Mono.
1.8
14367
1.24
14373
2.69
2A1f293
2x4,Cyclic
1.9

2A2f294
2x4,Cyclic
1.7
7331
0.36
9751
1.39
1C1nf291
2x4,Mono.
1.9
8328
0.96
8465
1.59
1C2nf292
2x4,Mono.
1.9
7841
0.69
7909
1.30
2C1nf295
2x4,Cyclic
1.8
6126
0.34
6022
0.58
2C2nf296
2x4,Cyclic
1.9
6672
0.61
6672
0.61
1B1f298
3x4,Mono.
1.9
15278
1.59
15380
1.92
1B2f299
3x4,Mono.
1.8
12950
1.14
11751
1.28
2B1f304
3x4,Cyclic
2.0
8083
0.71
9064
1.26
2B2f305
3x4,Cyclic
1.7
7556
0.71
7418
1.28
1D1nf300
3x4,Mono.
1.9
8416
1.20
9666
2.95
1D2nf301
3x4,Mono.
1.8
8008
0.94
12468
2.88
2D1nf306
3x4,Cyclic
1.8
7518
0.65
6729
1.25
2D2nf307
3x4,Cyclic
1.9
7128
0.45
7693
2.00
4A1f310
2x6,Mono.
2.6
16342
1.55
13073
2.53
4A2f311
2x6,Mono.
2.7
13967
1.34
11173
2.23
4C1f314
2x6,Cyclic
2.6
7657
0.57
6126
0.68
4C1f315
2x6,Cyclic
2.4
8696
0.56
6957
0.68
4B1f312
3x6,Mono.
2.7
18791
2.36
18708
2.86
4B2f313
3x6,Mono.
2.9
15746
1.53
15746
1.53
4D1f316
3x6,Cyclic
2.6
8835
0.69
7764
1.07
4D2f317
3x6,Cyclic
2.7
9926
0.69
8529
1.08
Average2x4and3x4,Cyclic,n=7:
1.8
7202
0.5
7621
1.2
Average2x6and3x6,Cyclic,n=4:
2.6
8779
0.6
7344
0.9
Average2x4and3x4,Mono,n=8:
1.9
10993
1.1
11691
2.0
Average2x6and3x6,Mono,n=4:
2.7
16211
1.7
14675
2.3

InFigure2, thedrop instrengthandstiffnessimmediatelyfollowingPeak loadcoincideswithinitial

detectionofconcretedegradation.Thisdegradationisassumedtoreduceconcretebearingsupportfor
the anchor bolt, leading to both increased anchor bending stresses and loss of stiffness within the
assembly.Asdisplacementincreases,theanchortranslationresultsinatensionforce(whichoccursin
addition to bending and shear applied directly to the bolt through the sill plate). Tension forces are
resisted by the embedded portion of the anchor and wood bearing under the plate washer. This
behavior results in the assembly producing a clamping force between the wood member and the
concrete foundation. Increased load resistance, beyond that associated with Peak load, was
commonlyobservedatincreasingdisplacementandcanbeattributedtothetensileresistanceprovided
bytheanchor.TheseincreasedloadsanddeflectionsareassociatedwithUltimateloaddatainTable4
(seeAppendixB).

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March29,2009

Thefollowingobservationsaretabulatedabove(Table4):

Peakloadsanddisplacementsrecordedfrompseudocyclictestsweregenerallylowerthan
thoserecordedfrommonotonictests
Peakloadsfrompseudocyclictestswerenotsubstantiallyaffectedbythepresenceofthe
membrane(reductioninfrictionbetweenthesillplateandconcretefoundation)

NDSallowabledesignvalue

TheNDSallowabledesignvalue,Z,forthetestedconnectionsareprovidedinTable5.Thesecalculated
valuesarebasedonthefollowingassumptionsappliedtotheNDSyieldlimitequations(alsoreferredto
theastheEYMequationsseeReferences4and5):D=0.559;Fyb=45000psi;Fes=5600psiforG=0.5
Douglas Fir;and Fem= 7890 psi (taken as 3x average fc = 2630psi). Yield Mode IIIs (see Image 8) was
found to be the controlling yield mode for 2x nominal wood sill plates and anchor embedment in
concreteofatleast8diametersinaccordancewiththefollowing:

k3 D s Fem

Fem
2
Rd
Fes

Eq.1

YieldmodeIV(seeImage8)wasfoundtobethecontrollingyieldmodefor3xnominalwoodsillplates
andanchorembedmentinconcreteofatleast8diametersinaccordancewiththefollowing:

D2
Rd

2 Fem Fyb
F
31 em
Fes

Eq.2

where,

F
F
21 em 2 Fyb 2 em D 2
Fes
Fes

k3 1

2
Fem
3Fem s
Fes

Eq.3

Rd

=3.2(3.2isthereductiontermforYieldModeIIIsandIV)

ls

= 1.5 inch for 2x nominal and 2.5 inch for 3x nominal (side member dowel bearing length,

inches)

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ModeI(woodbearingdeformationinsidemember)

ModeIIIs(woodbearingdeformationinsidememberanddowel
bendinginconcrete)

ModeIV(woodbearingdeformationinsidememberanddowel
bendinginwoodmemberandconcrete)
Image8NDSYieldModesI,IIIs,andIVforananchorbolt.

Woodtoconcreteanchorboltdesignvalues(Table5)havebeenadjustedforshorttermseismicloading
by multiplying the design value by the 1.6 load duration factor. The ratio of average Peak cyclic
strengthstoNDSallowabledesignvaluesrangesfrom4.6to5.9fortestswithdesignededgedistanceof
13/4.

TheNDSyieldvalue(5%offsetyield)forthetestedconnectionareprovidedinTable5.Thesevaluesare
calculatedfromEq.1withRd=1.0andarecomparabletoanchorcapacitiesexpressedintabulatedtest
results.TheratioofaveragePeakcyclicstrengthstoNDSyieldvaluesrangesfrom2.3to2.9fortests
with designed edge distance of 13/4. NDS yield limit equations do not describe ultimate connection
failure. Rather, they estimate the load associated with the onset of inelastic connection behavior (i.e.
"yieldpoint"associatedwithplastichingeformationinthefasteneranddeformationofwoodfibersin
bearingagainstthefastener).

Publishedconnectioncapacities(Z)aredeterminedthroughthecalculationofaconnectionyieldpoint,
including the application of reduction factors. The theoretical yield point for the connection between
thewoodsillandtheconcretefoundation,throughtheanchorbolt,isdeterminedbysettingRd=1.0.
Connections exhibiting fastener yielding modes (e.g. Mode IIIs and Mode IV) often exhibit greater
ultimatestrengththanestimatedbytheyieldlimitequations.

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Table5Anchorboltconnectiondesignvalues,NDS

ca1
NDS
TestID
Sillpate,
In. Allowable, Yield,lbf
Load
lbf
1A1f289
1A2f290
2A1f293
2A2f294
1C1nf291
1C2nf292
2C1nf295
2C2nf296
1B1f298
1B2f299
2B1f304
2B2f305
1D1nf300
1D2nf301
2D1nf306
2D2nf307
4A1f310
4A2f311
4C1f314
4C2f315
4B1f312
4B2f313
4D1f316
4D2f317

2x4,Mono.
2x4,Mono.
2x4,Cyclic
2x4,Cyclic
2x4,Mono.
2x4,Mono.
2x4,Cyclic
2x4,Cyclic
3x4,Mono.
3x4,Mono.
3x4,Cyclic
3x4,Cyclic
3x4,Mono.
3x4,Mono.
3x4,Cyclic
3x4,Cyclic
2x6,Mono.
2x6,Mono.
2x6,Cyclic
2x6,Cyclic
3x6,Mono.
3x6,Mono.
3x6,Cyclic
3x6,Cyclic

1.9
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.6
2.7

1247
1247
1247
1247
1247
1247
1247
1247
1549
1549
1549
1549
1549
1549
1549
1549
1247
1247
1247
1247
1549
1549
1549
1549

2493
2493
2493
2493
2493
2493
2493
2493
3097
3097
3097
3097
3097
3097
3097
3097
2493
2493
2493
2493
3097
3097
3097
3097

Peaka/
NDSAllowable

Peaka/
NDSYield

Maxb/
NDSYield

10.8
11.5

5.9
6.7
6.3
4.9
5.4
9.9
8.4
5.2
4.9
5.4
5.2
4.9
4.6
13.1
11.2
6.1
7.0
12.1
10.2
5.7
6.4

5.4
5.8

2.9
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.7
4.9
4.2
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
6.6
5.6
3.1
3.5
6.1
5.1
2.9
3.2

5.4
5.8

3.9
3.4
3.2
2.5
2.7
5.0
4.2
2.9
2.4
3.1
4.0
2.4
2.5
6.6
5.6
3.1
3.5
6.1
5.1
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.2

Average2x4and3x4,Cyclic,n=7:
5.1
2.6
Average2x6and3x6,Cyclic,n=4:
6.3
3.2
a
PeakisthePeakloadrecordedfromtests,SeeTable4.
b
MaxrepresentsthemaximumofthetestedPeakloadandtestedUltimateload.

ACI31808nominalconcretebreakoutstrength,Vcb||

The following equations are pertinent to the determination of nominal concrete breakout strength
(attributabletoresistanceinpureshear)ofasingleanchorwiththeappliedshearforceactingparallelto
theedge(Vcb||).Vcb||istakenastwicethatofVcbforshearforceactingperpendiculartotheedgewith
ed,V=1.0.Equation4andEquation5areexcerptedfromACI31808,AppendixD:

Vcb||=2(AVc/AVc0)ed,Vc,Vh,VVb
Eq.4

Vb=7(le/da)0.2(da)0.5(f'c)0.5(ca1)1.5
Eq.5

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Where,

(AVc/AVc0)=1.0(projectedconcretefailureareanotinfluencedbyproximitytocorner,fastenerspacing,
ormemberthickness)
ed,V =1.0(valuesetequalto1.0perACI318AppendixDforshearparalleltoedge)
c,V =1.4(uncrackedcondition)
h,V =1.0(thicknessofmemberintestsgreaterthan1.5ca1)
Vb
=basicconcretebreakoutstrengthinshearofasingleanchorincrackedconcrete,lbf
le
=4.5in.(loadbearinglengthofanchorforshearnottoexceed8da,in.)
=0.559in.(outsidediameterofanchor,in.)
da

=1.0(standardweightconcrete)
f'c
=2630psi(averagecompressivestrengthofconcrete,seepage3)
ca1
=seeTable6foractualdistancefromthecenterofananchortotheedgeofconcrete,in.

ValuesofVcb||fortestspecimensaresummarizedinTable6.Designstrengthsareprovidedforanchors
consideredductileandforanchorsconsiderednonductileasfollows:

Nonductile:0.75()Vcb||x0.5x0.7
Eq.6

Ductile:0.75()Vcb||x0.7
Eq.7

Where,

0.75isaconstantusedtoaccountforseismicloadingeffectsonstrength
=0.7(strengthreductionfactorforshearloadsgovernedbyconcretebreakout,conditionB)
0.5isaconstantusedtoaccountfornonductilefailureperACI31808(Note:thisconstantistakenas
0.4inACI31805).
0.7isaconstantusedtoadjustfromLRFD(strengthdesign)toASD(allowablestressdesign).

Nominal breakout design strength Vcb||, determined in accordance with ACI 31808 Appendix D
equations,approximatesthe5%fractileofconcretebreakoutstrength.Tofacilitatecomparisonwith
meantestvaluesdevelopedinthisstudy,valuesofVcb||areadjusted(increased)totherepresentative
meanusinganominaltomeanratioof0.75(seeReference9).Thismeanbreakoutdesignstrength,
associated with Vcb||, is denoted as Vcb||Avg in Table 6. The ratio of the peak cyclic strength to Vcb||Avg
ranges from 1.7 to 3.9 for the designed 13/4 edge distance indicating conservatism in the ACI 318
breakoutdesignstrengthpredictions.
ValuesofVcb//andVcb||Avgfor13/4edgedistancetestsareprovidedinTable6anddepictedinChart9.
ValuesofVcb//andVcb||Avgfor23/4edgedistancetestsareprovidedinTable6anddepictednChart
10. It should be noted that an assumed nominal to mean ratio equal to 0.75 is associated with a
Coefficient of Variation (COV) equal to 0.15. Making an assumption that concrete breakout design
strengthCOVdiffersfrom0.15,differentestimatesofthemeanbreakoutstrengthassociatedwithVcb||
willbecalculated.Forexample,ifCOVisassumedas0.30,anominaltomeanratioof0.5isappliedwith
all corresponding reductions in the level of conservatism for the ACI 318 breakout design strength
predictionsrelativetotestedpeakstrengths.

The term Max used in Table 6 represents the maximum ratio of the tested Peak load and tested
Ultimateloadtoaccountforcaseswherethetestspecimenexhibitedandincreaseinstrengthbeyond
initialonsetofconcretedamage.

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Table6Concretebreakoutvalues(ASD),ComparisonoftestresultswithACI31808calculatedvalues

Peaka/ Peaka/
Maxb/
Vcb//
Vcb//Avg
Vcb//Avg
1A1f289
2x4,Mono.
4.5
3.4
3.4
1A2f290
2x4,Mono.
5.2
3.9
3.9

2A1f293
2x4,Cyclic

2A2f294
2x4,Cyclic
2.9
2.2
2.9
1C1nf291 2x4,Mono.
2.8
2.1
2.1
1C2nf292 2x4,Mono.
2.9
2.1
2.2
2C1nf295
2x4,Cyclic
2.2
1.7
1.7
2C2nf296
2x4,Cyclic
2.2
1.7
1.7
1B1f298
3x4,Mono.
5.1
3.8
3.9
1B2f299
3x4,Mono.
4.7
3.5
3.5
2B1f304
3x4,Cyclic
2.5
1.9
2.1
2B2f305
3x4,Cyclic
3.0
2.2
2.2
1D1nf300 3x4,Mono.
2.8
2.1
2.4
1D2nf301 3x4,Mono.
3.2
2.4
3.7
2D1nf306 3x4,Cyclic
2.7
2.0
2.0
2D2nf307 3x4,Cyclic
2.4
1.8
1.9
4A1f310
2x6,Mono.
3.4
2.6
2.6
4A2f311
2x6,Mono.
2.8
2.1
2.1
4C1f314
2x6,Cyclic
1.6
1.2
1.2
4C2f315
2x6,Cyclic
2.1
1.5
1.5
4B1f312
3x6,Mono.
3.7
2.8
2.8
4B2f313
3x6,Mono.
2.8
2.1
2.1
4D1f316
3x6,Cyclic
1.9
1.4
1.4
4D2f317
3x6,Cyclic
2.0
1.5
1.5

Average2x4and3x4,Cyclic,n=7:
2.6
1.9
2.1

Average2x6and3x6,Cyclic,n=4:
1.9
1.4
1.4
a
Peakisthepeakloadfromtests,SeeTable4.
b
MaxrepresentsthemaximumofthetestedPeakloadandtestedUltimateload.
c
Vcb//andVcb||Avgaretheconcretebreakoutstrengthforshearparalleltotheedgecorrespondingtothe
5%fractileestimateandmeanvalueestimate.

TestID

Sillpate,Load

ca1 ACI318Allowable ACI318Breakoutc

In. Nonductile Ductile Vcb//
Vcb//Avg
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.8
505
1011 2751
3668
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.7
464
928 2525
3367
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.9
505
1011 2751
3668
1.8
505
1011 2751
3668
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.8
505
1011 2751
3668
2.0
592
1184 3222
4296
1.7
464
928 2525
3367
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
1.8
464
928 2525
3367
1.8
505
1011 2751
3668
1.9
548
1096 2983
3978
2.6
877
1755 4775
6368
2.7
929
1857 5054
6739
2.6
877
1755 4775
6368
2.4
778
1556 4235
5647
2.7
929
1857 5054
6739
2.9
1034
2067 5625
7501
2.6
877
1755 4775
6368
2.7
929
1857 5054
6739

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009
Average Envelope Curve from Cyclic Tests
(2x4 and 3x4 sill plate, 1-3/4" edge distance)
10000
294 (2x)

9000

295nf (2x)
296nf (2x)

8000

304 (3x)

7000

305 (3x)
306nf (3x)

Load (lbf)

6000

307nf (3x)

5000
ACI 318 Vcb|| (uncracked)
Mean concrete break-out strength, Vcb||_Avg (uncracked)

4000

Vcb||_Avg (uncracked)

ACI 318, Vcb|| (uncracked)

3000
2000

AllowableDesignCapacity Range

1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Deflection (in.)

Chart9Averageenvelopecurvesfor2x4&3x4cyclictests

Average Envelope Curve from Cyclic Tests

(2x6 and 3x6 sill plate, 2-3/4" edge distance)

10000
314 (2x)

Mean concrete break-out strength,

Vcb||_Avg (uncracked)

9000

315 (2x)

8000

316 (3x)

7000

317 (3x)
ACI 318 Vcb || (uncracked)

Load (lbf)

6000

Vcb||_Avg (uncracked)

5000
4000

ACI 318, Vcb|| (uncracked)

3000
2000

AllowableDesignCapacity Range

1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Deflection (in.)

Chart10Averageenvelopecurvesfor2x6and3x6cyclictests.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Comparisonofcalculatedboltcapacities:

Design capacities calculated using methods promulgated by various versions of historic design codes
(Table 7) are based on nominal dimensions and properties (e.g. D=0.625, fc=2500 psi, 13/4 edge
distance,uncrackedconcrete).Theloaddurationfactor(CD)istheonlyadjustmentfactorincludedin
thecalculatedvalues.DesigncapacitiescalculatedusingequationspromulgatedinACI31808,assumed
as non ductile, are approximately 1/3 of most calculated allowable stress design values (per various
historicdesigncodes)usedinthedesignofsillplatetofoundationconnections.

Table7Comparisonofallowabledesigncapacitiesbasedontypicalnominalinputstoaveragepeak
valuesfromcyclictests.
5/8dia.bolt ASDDesignCapacity(#) ASDDesignCapacity(#)
2x4DFL(seasoned)
3x4DFL(seasoned)
(includingCD)
(includingCD)
1991UBC
1306#
1326#
(NDS86)
CD=1.33
CD=1.33
1994UBC
1173#
1,492#
(NDS91)
CD=1.33
CD=1.33
1790#
1997UBC
1408#
CD=1.60
(NDS91)
CD=1.60
1,824#
IBC2003
1,424#
CD=1.60
(NDS01)
CD=1.60
1,888#
IBC2006
1,488#
CD=1.60
(NDS05)
CD=1.60
ACI31808App.D,
Nonductile:500#
Nonductile:500#
fc=2500psi.
Ductile:1000#
Ductile:1000#

Comment

Code(s)

ACI31805App.D,
fc=2500psi.

Peakvaluesfrom
averageofCyclictests

Nonductile:400#
Ductile:1000#

Nonductile:400#
Ductile:1000#

AvgfromtestIDs;304,
305,306NF&307NF:
7572#@0.63

AvgfromtestIDs:294,
295NF,296NF:
6710#@0.44

2510(b),T25F

2336.2.3,T23IIIJ
NDSallowsCD=1.6.
2316,T23IIIB1

NDS01Table11E
NDS05Table11E
0.5factorusedfor
nonductilebehavior.
Valuesassume
uncrackedconcrete.
0.4factorusedfor
nonductilebehavior.
Valuesassume
uncrackedconcrete.
Peakcyclictestvalues
areatleast4times
historicNDSwood
designvalues.

Thecyclictestsshowthatfor2x4and3x4plates,theaveragepeakloadsresistedbytheanchorboltare
at least 4 times greater than historic allowable capacities (calculated with the inclusion of CD values
appropriateforloaddurationof10minutesorless).

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Findings&Conclusions:

Thistestprogramwasdesignedtoachievethefollowingprimarygoals:

1. Determinewhetherthewoodcontrolstheconnectioncapacitywhenloadedparalleltotheedge.

Itappearsthatwoodyieldrepresentsthefirstmateriallimitstate.ThePeakvaluesderivedfrom
theaveragevaluesextractedfromaveragecyclicenvelopecurvescorrelatestronglywithconcrete
degradation(whendetectedinthistestingprogram).
Theconnectionassemblyappearedtoexhibitthefollowingbehaviorphasesdescribedqualitatively
as:
initialtakeupanddisplacement(connectionassemblygetsseated)
elasticboltbendingcombinedwithwoodcrushing(dowelbearing)
plastic bolt bending combined with wood crushing and some bolt elongation (as the bolt
deflectsandgoesintotension;aclampingforcealsodevelops)
plastic bolt bending combined with wood crushing and shallow concrete delamination
(clamping forces continue to develop at as the bolt resists increasing tension forces). See
Image6.
plasticboltbendingcombinedwithwoodcrushingandshallowspallingofconcreteadjacent
toanchorbolt.Again,seeImage6.
sill plate splitting (if developed during testing; occurs during the last 2 phases described
above).

2. Determinewhethertheconnectionexhibitsductilebehavior.

Theconnectionbehaviorisclearlyductile(Chart9andChart10).Foradditionaldiscussion,referto
theSEAOCSeismologyCommitteesBlueBookarticleonanchorboltandwoodsillplateconnections
(http://www.SEAOC.org/bluebook).

3. Proposedesigncapacitiesfortheconnectionbasedonthistesting.

Thisprogramdevelopeddatathatsupportsthedevelopmentofdesigncapacitiesforshearparallel
to free edge in pounds (ASD). These design capacities are recommended for use in the design of
similarconnectionsintendedtoresistseismicloadinginSeismicDesignCategoriesCthroughF,(SDC
CF).

Thetestdatafor2x4and3x4platesindicatethattheaveragepeakstrengthswere:
morethan6timeshigherthanductiledesignstrengthsobtainedfromACI31805(and08)
AppendixD,and
morethan4timeshigherthantheallowablecapacityobtainedfromIBC2006(NDS05)

The actual development of design capacities is deferred to the full SEAOC Seismology Committee.
Their development and recommendation of appropriate design capacity for these connections is
presentedinaBlueBookarticleonthissubject(availablefromhttp://www.SEAOC.org/bluebook).It
should be noted that load values from these tests should be considered to be 10minute values
(includingCD=1.6).

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Inadditiontoprimarygoals,thetestresultsindicatesupportofthefollowingfindings:

Frictiondevelopedbetweenthebottomofthewoodsillplateinresistancetoshearloadingis
realandsubstantial(Chart7).Thisreportdoesnotattempttoquantifythiseffect.Futuretesting
shouldconsiderincorporatingafrictionreducingmembraneintotestingprotocolstomaintaina
certainlevelofconservatismrelatedtothecapacityofsuchanassemblywithareducedlevelof
friction. It is possible that the friction reducing membrane may replicate actual asbuilt
assembliessuchasasillplateinstalledinconjunctionwithasheetmetaltermiteshield.

Concretedegradation(i.e.delaminationsand/ortheformationsofflawswithintheconcrete)is
often detectable during testing if the impactecho nondestructive testing method is correctly
applied. Since visuallyapparent spalls often formed some time after initial flaw detection;
impactechonondestructivetestingisrecommendedforfuturetestingprograms.

Damagefollowingcyclicloadingwasnotreadilyapparentwhenviewedfromabove,evenwith
thenutand platewasherremoved. Thetestedspecimensexhibitedlimited platesplitting and
bolt hole elongation at the upper surface of the sill plate. Wood crushing and subsequent
concrete degradation are only visible when a section of sill plate is removed or when the
affectedfaceofconcreteisexposed/testable.

In conclusion, the tests indicate that 5/8 inch diameter L anchor bolts in 2x4 and 3x4 wood sill plates
attached at the edge of a concrete foundation exhibit ductile behavior and attain peak loads much
higherthandesignstrengthsobtainedusingACI31808(andACI31805),AppendixDandIBC2006.The
testdatasupportsthedesignofthisconnectionusingNDSboltshearcapacityvalues.

Acknowledgements:

TheSimpsonStrongTieCompany(SSTC)generouslydonatedthetestingservicestoloadandinstrument
thesamples.SSTCalsodonatedtheprocurementandconstructionofthespecimenstested.
SpecialthankstothefollowingSSTCengineers:StevePryor,RicardoAreveloandTimMurphy

TheAmericanForestandPaperAssociation(AF&PA)providedanalyticalsupportthroughout.
Specialthankstothefollowing:ShaneCochran,BradDouglasandPhilLine

TheStructuralEngineersAssociationofNorthernCalifornia(SEAONC)provideda$10,000grantthrough
their2008SpecialProjectsInitiative.
Special thanks to the 2008 SEAONC Board of Directors: Reinhard Ludke (President), Rafael Sabelli
(VicePresident), Kate Stillwell (Treasurer), Bret Lizundia (PastPresident), Greg Deierlein, Mark
Ketchum,KarinKuffel,andJohnOsteraas

TheStructuralEngineersAssociationofCalifornia(SEAOC)providedtechnicaloversightthroughvarious
technicalcommittees,specificallytowardthedevelopmentofthetestingprogramandthedevelopment
ofthetestingprotocolandreportpreparation.
Thanks to the 20082009 Seismology and Structural Standards Committee: Kevin Moore (Chair),
MehranPourzanjani(ViceChair),JohnDiebold(pastChair),GeoffBomba,AndyFennell,TomHale,
ChrisKamp,RyanKersting,JamesLai,DougMagee,NicRodrigues,andTomVanDorpe

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

Thanks to the 20082009 LightFrame Construction Subcommittee; Gary Mochizuki (Chair), Andy
Fennell,ChrisKamp,NormScheelandTomVanDorpe

The following individuals also provided valuable technical support: Mark Moore, Robert Kent, Achim
Groess,KellyCobeen,PhilSoma,MaxFennell&NedFennell.

SelectedReferences:

1. CanadianJournalofCivilEngineering,2003Lateralresistanceofboltedwoodtoconcrete
connectionsloadedparallelorperpendiculartograin.Mohammad,M.;Karacabeyli,E.;and
Quenneville,J.H.P.

2. CUREEPublicationW02Developmentofatestingprotocolforwoodframestructures.
https://secure.curee.org/catalog/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=4

3. VPIResearchReportNo.TE1994003Determinationofshorttermdurationofload
performanceofnailedandboltedconnectionsusingsequentialphaseddisplacementtests.
VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,Blacksburg,VA.Dolan,J.D.;GutshallS.T.;and
McLainT.E.1996b.http://swst.metapress.com/content/xl785t72261h52jr/

4. 1991InternationalTimberEngineeringConference,LondonUnitedStatesadaptationof
EuropeanYieldModeltolargediameterdowelfastenersspecifications.Soltis,L.A.;Wilkinson,
T.L.http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1991/solti91a.pdf

5. ASTMStandardD576497a,2007StandardTestMethodforevaluatingdowelbearing
strengthofwoodandwoodbasedproducts.ASTMInternational,WestConshohocken,PA.
http://www.astm.org/Standards/D5764.htm

6. ASTMStandardE2126,2008StandardTestMethodsforcyclic(reversed)loadtestforshear
resistanceofverticalelementsofthelateralforceresistingsystemsforbuildings.ASTM
International,WestConshohocken,PA.http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2126.htm

7. FEMA461IntProtocolsfordeterminingseismicperformancecharacteristicsofstructuraland
nonstructuralcomponentsthroughlaboratorytesting.May2007.
http://www.atcouncil.org/pdfs/FEMA461.pdf

8. ASTMStandardC1383,2004StandardTestMethodsformeasuringthePWavespeedandthe
thicknessofconcreteplatesusingtheimpactechomethod.ASTMInternational,West
Conshohocken,PA.http://www.astm.org/Standards/C1383.htm

9. Fuchs,W.,Eligehausen,R.,andBreen,J.E.,ConcreteCapacityDesign(CCD)Approachfor
FasteningtoConcrete,ACIStructuralJournal,V.92,No.1,JanuaryFebruary1995,pp.7394.

10. AmericanForest&PaperAssociation(AF&PA).2005NationalDesignSpecification(NDS)for
WoodConstruction.Washington,DC20036.

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Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorboltsconnectingwoodsillplatestoconcretewithminimumedgedistances
March29,2009

11. AmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI),BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructuralConcrete(ACI318
05)andCommentary,FarmingtonHills,MI48333.
12. AmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI),BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructuralConcrete(ACI318
08)andCommentary,FarmingtonHills,MI48333.
13. InternationalCodeCouncil(ICC),2006.InternationalBuildingCode(IBC),FallsChurch,VA22041.
14. CaliforniaBuildingCode(CBC),2007.

15. SummaryPresentationofSCLexperimentsaspresentedtotheSEAOCSeismology&Structural
StandsCommittee.September23,2008.SEAOCConvention,Hawaii.

16. TestingSpecificationsandLoadingProtocolsforthePreliminaryPhaseofAnchorBoltTesting.
ApprovedbySEAOCSeismology&StructuralStandsCommittee.October15,2008.

Attachments:

AppendixTableASummaryoftestdataandobservations,(2pages).

AppendixBGraphsofpeakandultimatedataastabulatedinreport(Table4),(17pages)

Page30

Final

TestID
SimpsonID
TestDate

APPENDIXTableA
Page1of2

AnchorBoltTesting

TestSummary

1A1f
Simpson289
11/12/08
1A2f
Simpson290
11/12/08
2A1f
Simpson293
11/12/08
2A2f
Simpson294
11/12/08

2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

1C1nf
Simpson291
11/12/08
1C2nf
Simpson292
11/12/08
2C1nf
Simpson295
2C2nf
Simpson296
11/13/08

2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0 229" washer
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

1B1f
Simpson298
11/13/08
1B2f
Simpson299
11/13/08
2B1f
Simpson304
11/14/08
2B2f
Simpson305
11/14/08

3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

1D1nf
Simpson300
11/13/08
1D2nf
Simpson301
11/13/08
2D1nf
Simpson306
11/14/08
2D2nf
Simpson307
11/14/08

3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

AnchorBolt
EdgeDist.:
Nominal,
Actual.

Testing
Protocol

1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
250#/sec.

1.75"
1.8"

Monotonic
250#/sec.

1.75"
1.9"

Cyclic
SEAOC@50#/sec.

1.75"
1.7"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
250#/sec.

1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
250#/sec.

1.75"
1.8"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See 2 A 2 f note
See2A2fnote.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

1.75"
1.9"

1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

1.75"
1.8"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

1.75"
2.0"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

1.75"
1.7"

1.75"
1.9"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

1.75"
1.8"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

1.75"
1.8"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

1.75"
1.9"

Observations/TestingNotes

MoistureContent,
Lumbergrade
PTTreatment.

AdditionalNotes

Concrete
(MainMember)

WoodSill
(SideMember)

Anchorage

f'c11/12/08,2500psi.
f'c11/19/08,2710psi

9.1%to9.7%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
8.4%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
7.9%to8.5%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
7.5%to8.1%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam+spall
N/A.Seenote.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
N/A.Seenote.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
N/A.Seenote.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
N/A.Seenote.
Noboltpullout.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Hydraulic/loadingprotocolissues
preventeddelaminationdetection.

Splitatgrainatadjacentknot. Aftertest;platebent&nut
Nosplitatbolt.
tight.

Hydraulic/loadingprotocolissues
preventeddelaminationdetection.

Splitatbolt.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

StoppedatcycleCUREE2duetohydraulic
issue.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Duetohydrauliclimits;changedto
displacementcontrolledloadingprotocol.

6.5%to8.1%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
7.0%to8.3%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
9.1%to10.2%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate
Borate.
7.5%to8.1%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam+spall
N/A.Seenote.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
7800#(0.69").
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
6100#(0.34");6200#(0.34").
N b lt ll t
Noboltpullout.
Nospall/delam.ConfirmedbyImpact
Echo.Teststoppedearlyat:
6600#(0.63")&6700#(0.60").

Splitatbolt.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

NoImpactEchoavailable
(noaccess).

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Splitatbolt.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

12.1%to13.0%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
12.5%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
10.6%to12.3%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
10.7%to11.8%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam8500#
(0.56").Concretespall.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam7500#
(0.33").Concretespall.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
#(0.69");6500#(0.72").
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam+spall
#(0.70");6200#(0.71").
Noboltpullout.

Checkingat/nearbolt.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Teststopped.PMAX13kat1.3".

Nosplit.

Nutloose.Platebent.

Delamnotedonfirst0.7Q0cycle.Compare
toTest306for"nf".

Splitstartinginlinewithbolt. Nutloose.Platebent.

Delamnotedonfirst0.7Q0cycle.Compare
toTest306for"nf".

10.1%to12.4%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
11.2%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
10.9%to11.1%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.
9.0%to9.1%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam7000#
(0.66").Concretespall.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam7000#
(0.44").Concretespall.
Noboltpullout.
Shallowdelam.
6500#(0.71");5500#(0.71").
Noboltpullout.Noconcretespall.
Shallowdelam+spall
6100#(0.48");6000#(0.49").
Noboltpullout.

Nosplit.
Aftertest;platebent&nut
Platedentedbyplatewasher. tight.

Teststopped.PMAX9.5kat3".

Splitatbolt.
Aftertest;platebent&nut
Platedentedbyplatewasher. tight.

Teststopped.PMAX12.5kat3".

Nosplit.

Nutloose.Platebent.

Inputerror.Usedsameprotocolasfor304
&305(3x4ftests).

(E)checkingpriortotest.
Splitwidenedduringtest.

Nutloose.Platebent.

Delamnotedonsecond0.7Q0cycle.

SeealsoSPD1fforsecondtestofthis
anchor(withnewwood).

Final

TestID
SimpsonID
TestDate

TestSummary

AnchorBolt
EdgeDist.:
Nominal,
Actual.

Testing
Protocol

4A1f
Simpson310
11/14/08
4A2f
Simpson311
11/14/08
4C1f
Simpson314
11/19/08
4C2f
Simpson315
11/19/08

2x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

2.75"
2.6"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

2.75"
2.7"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

2.75"
2.6"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

4B1f
Simpson312
11/14/08
4B2f
Simpson313
11/14/08

3x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

2.75"
2.7"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

2.75"
2.9"

Monotonic
0.75"/min.

4D1f
Simpson316
11/19/08
4D2f
Simpson317
11/19/08

3x6sillplate.
/
/
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
3x6sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

2.75"
2.6"

SpareTests
Spare1f
Simpson308
11/14/08

3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
Loosenut
O/Shole=0.75"f
3x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

SpareTest
Spare2f
Simpson309
11/14/08
SpareTest
SPD1f
Simpson302
11/13/08
SpareTest
SPD2f
Simpson303
11/13/08

APPENDIXTableA
Page2of2

AnchorBoltTesting

(N)2x4sillplate.
Usedsameanchor
testedin2C2nf.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer
2x4sillplate.
5/8"A/B(0.559")
3"x3"x0.229"washer

2.75"
2.4"

MoistureContent,
Lumbergrade
PTTreatment.

14.0%to17.4%,
DF#2,
Borate.
17.6%to18.2%,
DF#1orBetter,
Borate.
14.0%to17.4%,
DF#2,
Borate.
17%,
DF#1orBetter,
Borate.

Observations/TestingNotes

Concrete
(MainMember)
Shallowdelambetween
15k(1.25")&16.3k(1.53").
Noconcretespall.Noboltpullout.
Nodelamat14000#(1.33").
Nospall.Noboltpullout.

WoodSill
(SideMember)
Platesplitlateintest.

Platesplitlateintest.

AdditionalNotes

Anchorage
Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.Someplatecrushing
belowwasher.
Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

f'c11/12/08,2500psi.
f'c11/19/08,2710psi
ImpactEchostopped117secondsintothe
test.Noconcretedelamatthattime.
ImpactEchostopped152secondsintothe
test.Noconcretedelamatthattime.

Nodelamination.
Noconcretespall.

Platesplit.

Aftertest;
Nutloose&Platebent.

Nodelamination.
Noconcretespall.

Platesplittingjuststartingat
endoftest.

Aftertest;
Nutloose&Platebent.

VideofromrearincorrectlynotestestID.

14%,
DF#1orBetter,
Borate.
9.2%,
DF,GradeN/A,
ACQ.

Platesplitlateintest.
Shallowdelam+spall
16400#(1.53").
Noboltpullout.
Teststoppedbeforedelam.couldform. Platesplitlateintest.
Seenote.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Videofromrearincorrectlynotestestas4
C1f.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Teststopped;failingat"grips"(fastener
tearout).
PMAX15.6k@1.5"
Videofromrearincorrectlynotestestas4
C2f.

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.
Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

10.1%,
DF#1orBetter,
Borate.
11.6%,
DF,GradeN/A,
ACQ.

Nodelamination.
Noconcretespall.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;
Nutloose&Platebent.

Nodelamination.
Noconcretespall.

Platesplittingjuststartingat
endoftest.

Boltbrokeapprox.1"below
thetopofconcretelatein
test.

1.75"
1.9"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SEAOCModified.
See2A2fnote.

10.1%to11.8%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam+spall
00#(0.78");6600#(0.77").
Noboltpullout.

(E)checkingpriortotest.
Didnotwidenduringtest.

Additionalnutlooseness.

1.75"
1.7"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SPD(Dcontrol).
Inputerror.

8.8%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelamdetectedduring"mega
wave"(between0.60"&1.00").
Seenote.At0.60",loadwas9k.
Concretespall.Noboltpullout.

Nosplit.

Nutloose.Platebent.

1cycleincorrectlyspecifiedproduceda
"megawave".Say15/16"insteadof
5/16".SeephotoWAF_111408_120.

1.75"
1.9"
Sameas
2C2nf

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SPD(Dcontrol).

9.5%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam+spall
5200(0.53");6400#(0.52").
Noboltpullout.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Seealso2C2nf(296).

1.75"
1.8"

Cyclic(0.2Hz)
SPD(Dcontrol).

8.8%,
DFStandard&Better,
Borate.

Shallowdelam+spall
5600(0.36");4900#(0.34").
Noboltpullout.

Nosplit.

Aftertest;platebent&nut
tight.

Sparetest.Otherspareanchoronthis
blocknotusedduetoto(E)damage.

2.75"
2.7"

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page1of17

Load (lbs.)
16000

Ultimate

Peak

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1A1f289,2x4Monotonic

Load (lbs.)
16000

Ultimate

Peak

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1A2f290,2x4Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page2of17

Load (lbs.)
12000

Ultimate

Average Envelope
10000

Peak

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2A2f294,2x4Cyclic

15000
Load (lbs.)

Hysteresis and Envelope

10000

5000

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-5000
Deflection (in.)
-10000

TestID:2A2f294,2x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page3of17

Load (lbs.)

Peak

9000

Ultimate

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1C1nf291,2x4Monotonic

Load (lbs.)
9000

Peak

8000

Ultimate

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1C2nf292,2x4Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page4of17

Load (lbs.)
7000

Average Envelope
6000

Peak

Ultimate

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2C1nf295,2x4Cyclic

8000
Load (lbs.)

Hysteresis and Envelope

6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

0
-2000
-4000
-6000

Deflection (in.)

-8000

TestID:2C1nf295,2x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page5of17

Load (lbs.)
8000

Average Envelope

7000
6000

Peak
Ultimate

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2C2nf296,2x4Cyclic

8000

Hysteresis and Envelope

Load (lbs.)
6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

0
-2000
-4000
-6000

Deflection (in.)

-8000

TestID:2C2nf296,2x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

Load (lbs .)
18000

AppendixB
Page6of17

Peak

Ultimate

16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1B1f298,3x4Monotonic

Load (lbs .)
14000

Peak

12000

Ultimate

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1B2f299,3x4Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page7of17

Load (lbs.)
12000

Ultimate

10000

Peak
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1D1nf300,3x4Monotonic

Load (lbs .)
14000

Ultimate
12000
10000

Peak

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:1D2nf301,3x4Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page8of17

Load (lbs.)
10000
9000 Average Envelope
8000

Peak

Ultimate

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2B1f304,3x4Cyclic

15000

Hysteresis and Envelope

Load (lbs.)
10000

5000

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-5000
Deflection (in.)
-10000

TestID:2B1f304,3x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

Load (lbs.)

AppendixB
Page9of17

Peak

8000

Ultimate
Average Envelope

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2B2f305,3x4Cyclic

10000

Hysteresis and Envelope

8000

Load (lbs.)

6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-4000
-6000
-8000

Deflection (in.)

-10000

TestID:2B2f305,3x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page10of17

Load (lbs .)
8000

Peak

Average Envelope

7000
6000

Ultimate

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2D1nf306,3x4Cyclic

10000
Load (lbs.)

Hysteresis and Envelope

8000
6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-4000
-6000

Deflection (in.)

-8000

TestID:2D1nf306,3x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page11of17

Load (lbs.)
9000
8000

Average Envelope

Peak

7000

Ultimate

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:2D2nf307,3x4Cyclic

10000

Hysteresis and Envelope

Load (lbs.)
8000
6000
4000
2000

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

-4000
-6000
-8000

Deflection (in.)

-10000

TestID:2D2nf307,3x4Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

Load (lbs .)
18000

AppendixB
Page12of17

Peak

16000
14000

Ultimate

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4A1f310,2x6Monotonic

Load (lbs.)
16000

Peak

14000

Ultimate

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4A2f311,2x6Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page13of17

Load (lbs .)

Peak

20000
18000

Ultimate

16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4B1f312,3x6Monotonic

Load (lbs .)
18000

Peak
Ultimate

16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4B2f313,3x6Monotonic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page14of17

Load (lbs.)
9000

Peak

Average Envelope

8000
7000

Ultimate

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4C1f314,2x6Cyclic

10000

Hysteresis and Envelope

Load (lbs.)
8000
6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-4000
-6000
-8000

Deflection (in.)

-10000

TestID:4C1f314,2x6Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page15of17

Load (lbs.)
10000

Peak

Average Envelope

9000
8000

Ultimate

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4C2f315,2x6Cyclic

10000
Load (lbs.)

Hysteresis and Envelope

8000
6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-4000
-6000
-8000

Deflection (in.)

-10000

TestID:4C2f315,2x6Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page16of17

Load (lbs.)
10000

Peak

9000

Average Envelope

Ultimate

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4D1f316,3x6Cyclic

10000

Hysteresis and Envelope

8000

Load (lbs.)

6000
4000
2000

1.5

1.0

0.5

-2000

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000

Deflection (in.)

-12000

TestID:4D1f316,3x6Cyclic

Reportonlaboratorytestingofanchorbolts
connectingwoodsillplatestoconcrete

withminimumedgedistances

AppendixB
Page17of17

Load (lbs.)
12000

Peak

Average Envelope

10000

Ultimate
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Deflection (in.)

TestID:4D2f317,3x6Cyclic

15000

Hysteresis and Envelope

Load (lbs.)
10000

5000

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-5000

-10000
Deflection (in.)
-15000

TestID:4D2f317,3x6Cyclic