UA5000 Technical Manual

Chapter 1 System Overview 1-1 ...........................................................................
1.1 About the UA5000 1-1 ..................................................................................

1.2 Features and Benefits 1-2 ............................................................................
1.2.1 Integrated Service Access Platform 1-2 ...............................................
1.2.2 High-Density Subscriber Line Access 1-3 ............................................
1.2.3 Powerful Service Processing Capabilities 1-3 ......................................
1.2.4 Operable Broadband Video Service 1-3 ..............................................
1.2.5 Outstanding VoIP Features 1-4 ............................................................
1.2.6 Comprehensive User Security Management 1-4 .................................
1.2.7 Smooth Migration to NGN 1-4 ..............................................................
1.2.8 Flexible Networking Mode 1-5 ..............................................................
1.2.9 Carrier-Class Reliability 1-5 .................................................................
1.2.10 Broad Range of Models 1-6 ...............................................................
1.2.11 Powerful Management System 1-6 ....................................................
Chapter 2 System Structure 2-1 ...........................................................................
2.1 Logical Structure 2-1 ....................................................................................
2.2 Software Structure 2-2 ..................................................................................
2.3 Cabinets 2-3 .................................................................................................
2.3.1 Cabinet Specifications 2-3 ...................................................................
2.3.2 Power Supply System and Environment Monitor System 2-4 ..............
2.4 Frames 2-7 ...................................................................................................
2.4.1 Rear-access Frames 2-7 ......................................................................
2.4.2 Front-access Frames 2-9 .....................................................................
2.4.3 Frame Hardware Description 2-12 .........................................................
2.5 Cards 2-15 ......................................................................................................
Chapter 3 Service Implementation 3-1 .................................................................
3.1 Voice Service 3-1 .........................................................................................
3.1.1 PSTN Voice Service 3-1 ......................................................................
3.1.2 NGN Voice Service 3-2 ........................................................................
3.2 Broadband Service 3-2 .................................................................................
3.3 Private Circuit Service 3-3 ............................................................................
3.4 Fax over IP 3-3 .............................................................................................
3.4.1 Principles of Fax over IP 3-3 ................................................................
3.4.2 Implementation of Fax Service 3-5 ......................................................
3.5 VoIP Technology 3-7 ....................................................................................
3.5.1 Voice Codec 3-7 ...................................................................................
3.5.2 Voice Speech Quality 3-9 .....................................................................
3.5.3 Echo Cancellation 3-12 ..........................................................................
3.5.4 Tone Playing 3-13 ..................................................................................
3.5.5 Number Collection 3-14 .........................................................................
3.5.6 Message Waiting Indicator Service 3-14 ................................................
3.6 Advanced Functions of VoIP Service 3-15 .....................................................
3.6.1 Equipment Authentication 3-15 ..............................................................
3.6.2 Self-Switching 3-16 ................................................................................
3.6.3 Dual Homing 3-17 ..................................................................................
3.6.4 Hairpin Connection 3-18 ........................................................................
3.7 VLAN 3-19 ......................................................................................................
3.7.1 Standard VLAN 3-19 ..............................................................................
3.7.2 Smart VLAN 3-20 ...................................................................................
3.7.3 MUX VLAN 3-21 .....................................................................................
3.7.4 Super VLAN 3-21 ...................................................................................
3.7.5 QinQ VLAN 3-21 ....................................................................................
3.7.6 VLAN Stacking 3-22 ...............................................................................
3.8 Multicast 3-22 .................................................................................................
3.8.1 IGMP Proxy 3-23 ....................................................................................
3.8.2 Managed Multicast 3-23 .........................................................................
3.8.3 Multicast Service Configuration 3-24 .....................................................
3.9 QoS Features 3-25 .........................................................................................
3.9.1 Flow Classification 3-25 .........................................................................
3.9.2 Traffic Monitoring 3-26 ...........................................................................
3.9.3 Port Rate Limit 3-26 ...............................................................................
3.9.4 Queue Scheduling 3-26 .........................................................................
3.9.5 Traffic Mirroring 3-27 ..............................................................................
3.9.6 RTCP Check 3-27 ..................................................................................
3.10 Other Services and Features 3-28 ...............................................................
3.10.1 MoIP 3-28 .............................................................................................
3.10.2 MAC Address Management 3-29 .........................................................
3.10.3 ARP and ARP Proxy 3-30 ....................................................................
3.10.4 STP/RSTP 3-31 ...................................................................................
3.10.5 Terminal Management 3-31 .................................................................
Chapter 4 Networking Applications 4-1 ...............................................................
4.1 Broadband IP Upstream Networking 4-1 ......................................................
4.1.1 MSTP Networking 4-1 ..........................................................................
4.1.2 SDH+FE/GE Networking 4-3 ...............................................................
4.2 Broadband ATM Upstream Networking 4-6 ..................................................
4.2.1 SDH+STM-1 ATM Networking 4-6 .......................................................
4.2.2 STM-1 ATM Networking 4-8 .................................................................
4.2.3 VP Ring Networking 4-9 .......................................................................
Chapter 5 Network Management Systems 5-1 ....................................................
5.1 CLI NMS 5-1 .................................................................................................
5.1.1 Maintenance mode 5-1 ........................................................................
5.1.2 Features 5-1 .........................................................................................
5.2 GUI NMS 5-1 ................................................................................................
5.2.1 Structure of the iManager N2000 5-1 ...................................................
5.2.2 Functions of the iManager N2000 5-1 ..................................................
5.3 NMS Networking Modes 5-2 .........................................................................
Chapter 6 Technical Specifications 6-1 ...............................................................
6.1 Equipment Dimensions 6-1 ..........................................................................
6.2 Performance Specifications 6-1 ....................................................................
6.2.1 System Performance Specifications 6-1 ..............................................
6.2.2 Port Specifications 6-3 .........................................................................
6.2.3 Service Features and Specifications 6-4 ..............................................
6.3 Port Standards 6-11 .......................................................................................
6.3.1 STM-1 Optical Port 6-12 ........................................................................
6.3.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port 6-16 ..................................................................
6.3.3 STM-4 Optical Port 6-18 ........................................................................
6.3.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port 6-21 .........................................................
6.3.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port 6-26 ..............................................................
6.3.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port 6-29 .............................................................
6.3.7 E1 Port 6-31 ...........................................................................................
6.3.8 E3 Port 6-35 ...........................................................................................
6.3.9 V.35 Port 6-36 ........................................................................................
6.3.10 Z Port 6-39 ...........................................................................................
6.3.11 U port 6-46 ...........................................................................................
6.3.12 ADSL Port 6-50 ....................................................................................
6.3.13 ADSL2+ Port 6-51 ................................................................................
6.3.14 VDSL Port 6-52 ....................................................................................
6.3.15 SHDSL Port 6-56 .................................................................................
6.4 Standards Compliance 6-62 ...........................................................................
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms A-1 ....................................................
Index .................................................................................................................
Huawei Technologies Proprietary

HUAWEI

UA5000 Universal Access Unit
Technical Manual
V100R009


Technical Manual

Manual Version T2-050298-20050625-C-1.92
Product Version V100R009
BOM 31026498

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support
and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,
Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
Postal Code: 518129
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com


Copyright 2005 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET, , ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,
TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800,
TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA,
iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE,
OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, and TopEng are trademarks of Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this manual are the property of
their respective holders.

Notice
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has
been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents,
but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not
constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.


About This Manual
Release Notes
This manual applies to the UA5000 Universal Access Unit V100R009.
Related Manuals
The related manuals are listed in the following table.
Manual Content
Technical Manual
It gives an overall description about the
UA5000 system.
Operation Manual
The operation manual consists of APM
Volume, IPM Volume, PVM Volume and PVU
Volume. They cover the service configurations
and maintenance operations of the UA5000
when the main control card is APM, PVM, IPM
or PVU respectively. This volume is the IPM
Volume.
Command Help
The command help consists of APM Volume,
IPM Volume, PVM Volume and PVU Volume.
They provide all the commands of the UA5000
when the main control card is APM, PVM, IPM
or PVU respectively. The command helps are
contained in the documentation CD only.
Hardware Description Manual
It describes the UA5000 components, and the
cards and cables used in the UA5000.
Electronic Documentation
It contains the package of documents.

Organization
The contents of this manual are as follows.
Chapter 1 System Overview discusses the network development trend and the
broadband and narrowband integrated solution provided by the UA5000. It also
profiles the solution, capacity, ports and other features of the UA5000.

Chapter 2 System Structure gives details about the logic structure, software
structure, cabinets, frames, cards and CPEs of the UA5000.
Chapter 3 Service Implementation introduces the services supported by the
UA5000, including voice, broadband service, private circuit services and multicast
video service.
Chapter 4 Networking Applications presents the UA5000 networking applications
in both the central office mode and the remote end mode.
Chapter 5 Network Management Systems describes the network management
ability of the UA5000.
Chapter 6 Technical Specifications lists the specifications and standards of the
system and ports of the UA5000.
Appendix A lists the abbreviations and acronyms used in this manual.
Intended Audience
The manual is intended for the following readers:
z Operation and maintenance engineers
z Network administrators
Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Table of Contents

i
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 System Overview......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 About the UA5000.............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Features and Benefits........................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2.1 Integrated Service Access Platform........................................................................ 1-2
1.2.2 High-Density Subscriber Line Access..................................................................... 1-3
1.2.3 Powerful Service Processing Capabilities............................................................... 1-3
1.2.4 Operable Broadband Video Service ....................................................................... 1-3
1.2.5 Outstanding VoIP Features..................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.6 Comprehensive User Security Management .......................................................... 1-4
1.2.7 Smooth Migration to NGN....................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.8 Flexible Networking Mode....................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.9 Carrier-Class Reliability........................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.10 Broad Range of Models ........................................................................................ 1-6
1.2.11 Powerful Management System............................................................................. 1-6
Chapter 2 System Structure......................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Logical Structure................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Software Structure............................................................................................................. 2-2
2.3 Cabinets............................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.1 Cabinet Specifications............................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.2 Power Supply System and Environment Monitor System ...................................... 2-4
2.4 Frames............................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.4.1 Rear-access Frames............................................................................................... 2-7
2.4.2 Front-access Frames .............................................................................................. 2-9
2.4.3 Frame Hardware Description ................................................................................ 2-12
2.5 Cards ............................................................................................................................... 2-15
Chapter 3 Service Implementation .............................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Voice Service..................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 PSTN Voice Service................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.2 NGN Voice Service ................................................................................................. 3-2
3.2 Broadband Service ............................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3 Private Circuit Service ....................................................................................................... 3-3
3.4 Fax over IP......................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.4.1 Principles of Fax over IP ......................................................................................... 3-3
3.4.2 Implementation of Fax Service................................................................................ 3-5
3.5 VoIP Technology................................................................................................................ 3-7
3.5.1 Voice Codec............................................................................................................ 3-7
3.5.2 Voice Speech Quality.............................................................................................. 3-9
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ii
3.5.3 Echo Cancellation ................................................................................................. 3-12
3.5.4 Tone Playing ......................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5.5 Number Collection................................................................................................. 3-14
3.5.6 Message Waiting Indicator Service....................................................................... 3-14
3.6 Advanced Functions of VoIP Service .............................................................................. 3-15
3.6.1 Equipment Authentication ..................................................................................... 3-15
3.6.2 Self-Switching........................................................................................................ 3-16
3.6.3 Dual Homing.......................................................................................................... 3-17
3.6.4 Hairpin Connection................................................................................................ 3-18
3.7 VLAN................................................................................................................................ 3-19
3.7.1 Standard VLAN ..................................................................................................... 3-19
3.7.2 Smart VLAN .......................................................................................................... 3-20
3.7.3 MUX VLAN............................................................................................................ 3-21
3.7.4 Super VLAN .......................................................................................................... 3-21
3.7.5 QinQ VLAN............................................................................................................ 3-21
3.7.6 VLAN Stacking...................................................................................................... 3-22
3.8 Multicast........................................................................................................................... 3-22
3.8.1 IGMP Proxy........................................................................................................... 3-23
3.8.2 Managed Multicast ................................................................................................ 3-23
3.8.3 Multicast Service Configuration............................................................................. 3-24
3.9 QoS Features................................................................................................................... 3-25
3.9.1 Flow Classification................................................................................................. 3-25
3.9.2 Traffic Monitoring................................................................................................... 3-26
3.9.3 Port Rate Limit....................................................................................................... 3-26
3.9.4 Queue Scheduling................................................................................................. 3-26
3.9.5 Traffic Mirroring ..................................................................................................... 3-27
3.9.6 RTCP Check ......................................................................................................... 3-27
3.10 Other Services and Features......................................................................................... 3-28
3.10.1 MoIP.................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.10.2 MAC Address Management ................................................................................ 3-29
3.10.3 ARP and ARP Proxy ........................................................................................... 3-30
3.10.4 STP/RSTP........................................................................................................... 3-31
3.10.5 Terminal Management ........................................................................................ 3-31
Chapter 4 Networking Applications............................................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Broadband IP Upstream Networking................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.1 MSTP Networking ................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 SDH+FE/GE Networking......................................................................................... 4-3
4.2 Broadband ATM Upstream Networking............................................................................. 4-6
4.2.1 SDH+STM-1 ATM Networking................................................................................ 4-6
4.2.2 STM-1 ATM Networking.......................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.3 VP Ring Networking................................................................................................ 4-9
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iii
Chapter 5 Network Management Systems.................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 CLI NMS ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1.1 Maintenance mode.................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.2 Features .................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 GUI NMS............................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2.1 Structure of the iManager N2000............................................................................ 5-1
5.2.2 Functions of the iManager N2000........................................................................... 5-1
5.3 NMS Networking Modes.................................................................................................... 5-2
Chapter 6 Technical Specifications............................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 Equipment Dimensions...................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Performance Specifications............................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.1 System Performance Specifications ....................................................................... 6-1
6.2.2 Port Specifications .................................................................................................. 6-3
6.2.3 Service Features and Specifications....................................................................... 6-4
6.3 Port Standards................................................................................................................. 6-11
6.3.1 STM-1 Optical Port................................................................................................ 6-12
6.3.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port ......................................................................................... 6-16
6.3.3 STM-4 Optical Port................................................................................................ 6-18
6.3.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port ................................................................................ 6-21
6.3.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port..................................................................................... 6-26
6.3.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port .................................................................................... 6-29
6.3.7 E1 Port .................................................................................................................. 6-31
6.3.8 E3 Port .................................................................................................................. 6-35
6.3.9 V.35 Port ............................................................................................................... 6-36
6.3.10 Z Port................................................................................................................... 6-39
6.3.11 U port................................................................................................................... 6-46
6.3.12 ADSL Port ........................................................................................................... 6-50
6.3.13 ADSL2+ Port ....................................................................................................... 6-51
6.3.14 VDSL Port ........................................................................................................... 6-52
6.3.15 SHDSL Port......................................................................................................... 6-56
6.4 Standards Compliance .................................................................................................... 6-62
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................A-1
Index ................................................................................................................................................ i-1

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit List of Figures

iv
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 UA5000 in the overall solution.............................................................................. 1-2
Figure 2-1 UA5000 logical structure ...................................................................................... 2-1
Figure 2-2 UA5000 software architecture .............................................................................. 2-2
Figure 2-3 Host software structure......................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-4 HABA frame layout ............................................................................................... 2-8
Figure 2-5 HABB frame layout ............................................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-6 HABD frame layout............................................................................................. 2-10
Figure 2-7 HABE frame layout ............................................................................................. 2-11
Figure 2-8 HABF frame layout ............................................................................................. 2-11
Figure 2-9 HABL frame layout.............................................................................................. 2-12
Figure 2-10 Hardware structure of the master frame........................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-11 Hardware structure of the slave frame ............................................................. 2-14
Figure 2-12 Hardware structure of the extended frame....................................................... 2-15
Figure 3-1 Transparent transmission mode........................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-2 T.38 fax mode ....................................................................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-3 Forming of electric echo ..................................................................................... 3-13
Figure 3-4 Forming of acoustic echo ................................................................................... 3-13
Figure 3-5 Authentication process based on H.248 protocol ............................................... 3-15
Figure 3-6 Switchover based on MGCP .............................................................................. 3-17
Figure 3-7 Switchover based on H.248................................................................................ 3-18
Figure 3-8 Frame structure of 802.1Q................................................................................. 3-25
Figure 3-9 Schematic diagram of PQ................................................................................... 3-26
Figure 3-10 MoIP ................................................................................................................. 3-29
Figure 3-11 ARP Proxy implementation............................................................................... 3-30
Figure 4-1 Single-level MSTP networking.............................................................................. 4-2
Figure 4-2 Two-level MSTP networking................................................................................. 4-3
Figure 4-3 Single-level SDH+FE/GE networking................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-4 Two-level SDH+FE/GE networking ...................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-5 Single-level SDH+STM-1 ATM networking........................................................... 4-7
Figure 4-6 Two-level SDH+STM-1 ATM networking .............................................................. 4-7
Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit List of Figures

v
Figure 4-7 STM-1 ATM networking ........................................................................................ 4-8
Figure 4-8 VP Ring networking............................................................................................ 4-10
Figure 6-1 Pulse sample of 2048 kbit/s port ........................................................................ 6-33
Figure 6-2 Input jitter and drift tolerance.............................................................................. 6-34
Figure 6-3 Pointer sequence................................................................................................ 6-35
Figure 6-4 Relationship between clock signal and data on the circuit ................................. 6-38
Figure 6-5 Impedance test network for Z port...................................................................... 6-39
Figure 6-6 Minimum of return loss for the impedance test network..................................... 6-39
Figure 6-7 Technical requirements for unbalanced impedance to ground........................... 6-40
Figure 6-8 Technical requirements for terminal balance return loss.................................... 6-40
Figure 6-9 Loss frequency distortion specifications of 2-wire analog connection................ 6-42
Figure 6-10 Specifications of variation of gain with level ..................................................... 6-43
Figure 6-11 Group delay distortion limit value with frequency ............................................. 6-43
Figure 6-12 Pulse template of U port ................................................................................... 6-48
Figure 6-13 Upper limit of the power spectrum density of the transmitted signal................ 6-48
Figure 6-14 Return loss relative to 1 kHz200 kHz frequency band ................................... 6-49
Figure 6-15 Power spectrum density of ADSL port.............................................................. 6-50
Figure 6-16 Outband PSD restriction................................................................................... 6-54
Figure 6-17 Subscriber port reflection attenuation template................................................ 6-56
Figure 6-18 Longitudinal balance loss template .................................................................. 6-57
Figure 6-19 PSD template for 0 dB power compensation ................................................... 6-60

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit List of Tables

vi
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Major specifications of cabinets for the UA5000.................................................... 2-4
Table 2-2 Description of the power supply system................................................................. 2-4
Table 2-3 Description of control cards.................................................................................. 2-16
Table 2-4 Description of line cards....................................................................................... 2-17
Table 2-5 Description of other cards .................................................................................... 2-18
Table 3-1 Speeds and packetization durations of various codec algorithms ......................... 3-8
Table 3-2 Voice codec algorithms and actual bandwidths ..................................................... 3-8
Table 3-3 MOS measurement standards ............................................................................... 3-9
Table 4-1 MSTP networking description................................................................................. 4-1
Table 4-2 SDH+FE/GE networking description...................................................................... 4-3
Table 4-3 SDH+STM-1 ATM networking description.............................................................. 4-6
Table 4-4 STM-1 ATM networking description........................................................................ 4-8
Table 4-5 VP Ring networking description ............................................................................. 4-9
Table 6-1 Dimensions of the UA5000 cabinets and frames................................................... 6-1
Table 6-2 System performance specifications........................................................................ 6-1
Table 6-3 Port specifications .................................................................................................. 6-3
Table 6-4 IP service features.................................................................................................. 6-4
Table 6-5 ATM service features.............................................................................................. 6-6
Table 6-6 AG service features ................................................................................................ 6-7
Table 6-7 Terminal and line test features ............................................................................... 6-9
Table 6-8 Port standards ...................................................................................................... 6-11
Table 6-9 General characteristics of the STM-1 optical port ................................................ 6-12
Table 6-10 Specifications for the single-mode STM-1 optical port ....................................... 6-12
Table 6-11 Specifications for the multi-mode STM-1 optical port ......................................... 6-13
Table 6-12 Specifications for the mean launched power of the optical port......................... 6-14
Table 6-13 Specifications for the extinction ratio.................................................................. 6-15
Table 6-14 Specifications for the receiver sensitivity............................................................ 6-15
Table 6-15 Specifications for the receiver overload power................................................... 6-15
Table 6-16 Specifications for the permitted frequency deviation of the optical input port .... 6-16
Table 6-17 Specifications for the AIS rate of the optical output port .................................... 6-16
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vii
Table 6-18 Signal rate tolerance of the output port .............................................................. 6-16
Table 6-19 Permitted attenuation of the input port ............................................................... 6-17
Table 6-20 Permitted frequency deviation of the input port.................................................. 6-17
Table 6-21 Switching time .................................................................................................... 6-17
Table 6-22 Reflection attenuation of both input and output ports......................................... 6-17
Table 6-23 Output jitter of the output port............................................................................. 6-18
Table 6-24 Input jitter tolerance............................................................................................ 6-18
Table 6-25 Frequency of the jitter measurement filter.......................................................... 6-18
Table 6-26 General characteristics of the STM-4 optical port .............................................. 6-18
Table 6-27 Parameters for the STM-4 optical port ............................................................... 6-19
Table 6-28 Specifications for the mean launched power...................................................... 6-20
Table 6-29 Specifications for the extinction ratio.................................................................. 6-20
Table 6-30 Specifications for the receiver sensitivity............................................................ 6-20
Table 6-31 Specifications of the receiver overload power.................................................... 6-20
Table 6-32 Specifications for the permitted frequency deviation of the optical input port .... 6-21
Table 6-33 Specifications for the AIS rate of the optical output port .................................... 6-21
Table 6-34 General characteristics of the gigabit Ethernet optical port ............................... 6-21
Table 6-35 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical transmitter ......................... 6-22
Table 6-36 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical receiver.............................. 6-23
Table 6-37 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical transmitter........................ 6-24
Table 6-38 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical receiver............................ 6-24
Table 6-39 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode 40 km port transmitter ................. 6-25
Table 6-40 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode 40 km/70 km port transmitter ...... 6-26
Table 6-41 General characteristics of the fast Ethernet optical port .................................... 6-26
Table 6-42 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port (transmitting) . 6-27
Table 6-43 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-node optical port (transmitting). 6-27
Table 6-44 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-mode optical port (receiving).... 6-28
Table 6-45 General characteristics of the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet electrical port...................... 6-29
Table 6-46 Specifications for the output port ........................................................................ 6-32
Table 6-47 Reflection loss minimum of the input port .......................................................... 6-33
Table 6-48 Mapping jitter generation specifications............................................................. 6-34
Table 6-49 Combined jitter generation specifications .......................................................... 6-35
Table 6-50 Parameter requirements..................................................................................... 6-35
Table 6-51 Specifications for the E3 port.............................................................................. 6-35
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viii
Table 6-52 Functional characteristics of the V.35 port ......................................................... 6-37
Table 6-53 Technical specification requirements for total distortion of the Z port ................ 6-44
Table 6-54 Longitudinal balance loss of the ADSL port........................................................ 6-50
Table 6-55 Specifications for the ADSL port......................................................................... 6-51
Table 6-56 Specifications for the ADSL2+ port..................................................................... 6-51
Table 6-57 VDSL upstream PSD template........................................................................... 6-52
Table 6-58 VDSL downstream PSD template ...................................................................... 6-53
Table 6-59 Outband PSD restriction parameters ................................................................. 6-55
Table 6-60 Specifications for the VDSL port......................................................................... 6-55
Table 6-61 Reflection attenuation values of the SHDSL port ............................................... 6-56
Table 6-62 Longitudinal balance values of the SHDSL port................................................. 6-57
Table 6-63 Longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL port .................................................. 6-58
Table 6-64 Definition of P
SHDSL
............................................................................................. 6-59
Table 6-65 Longitudinal output power values of the SHDSL port ........................................ 6-59
Table 6-66 PSD values of the SHDSL port........................................................................... 6-60
Table 6-67 PSD values of the SHDSL port........................................................................... 6-61
Table 6-68 Specifications for the SHDSL port ...................................................................... 6-61
Table 6-69 Standards compliance........................................................................................ 6-62

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 1 System Overview

1-1
Chapter 1 System Overview
With the increasing demands on telecom services, the access network is required to
provide multiple large-capacity, high-speed and high-quality services, such as voice,
data, video and multi-media services.
Among the multiple access network solutions, the focuses for selecting an optimal
solution include how to reduce the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operative
Expenditure (OPEX), how to capitalize the investment, and how to accelerate the
service provisioning.
1.1 About the UA5000
The Huawei UA5000 Universal Access Unit allows you to construct an access
network that keeps pace with technological advances in fiber access networks,
broadband networks and the evolution of Next Generation Network (NGN).
The Huawei UA5000 meets both current and future customer requirements through
its advanced technical features, such as:
z High performance bus for integrated services access
z Integration of copper access and fiber access
Therefore, the UA5000 is the choice of integrated access equipment for broadband
and narrowband services. Figure 1-1 shows the UA5000 in the overall solution.
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E1(V5)
FE/GE
STM-1
DDN
ATM
IP
SDH/MSTP/VP Ring
(H.248/MGCP)
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL
SHDSL
E1
PSTN
STM-1
Convergence layer
Access layer
Terminals
POTS
ISDN
VoIP
V.24
V.35
E1
LAN
(H.248/MGCP)
SoftSwitch
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000
E1(V5)
FE/GE
STM-1
DDN
ATM
IP
SDH/MSTP/VP Ring
(H.248/MGCP)
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL
SHDSL
E1
PSTN
STM-1
Convergence layer
Access layer
Terminals
POTS
ISDN
VoIP
V.24
V.35
E1
LAN
(H.248/MGCP)
SoftSwitch
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000
UA5000

Figure 1-1 UA5000 in the overall solution
1.2 Features and Benefits
This section describes the features and benefits of the UA5000.
1.2.1 Integrated Service Access Platform
The UA5000 functions as an access platform for multiple services. It uses the
multi-bus backplane and the high-density integrated access platform to access
multiple services, including:
z Voice service
z Private circuit service
z Broadband service
z Video service
The UA5000 provides various service ports, as follows:
z Narrowband real-time service ports: POTS, ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and
ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
z Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) private circuit service ports: E1, N x 64 K,
V.35/V.24, 64K VF, U, 2/4-wire and E&M
z xDSL ports: ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL, ATM SHDSL and TDM SHDSL
z Ethernet ports: Gigabit Ethernet (GE) and Fast Ethernet (FE)
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z ATM ports: STM-1, VP Ring, E3 and Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) E1
1.2.2 High-Density Subscriber Line Access
The UA5000 allows high-density subscriber line access thanks to its high port-density
line cards, high-speed backplane and high card-density frames. The UA5000
provides up to 1984 POTS ports, 1984 ADSL ports or 992 POTS+ADSL ports in a
single cabinet.
The UA5000:
z Provides 32-port service line cards.
z Provides the all-line-card extended frame.
z Provides one-slot power supply card.
z Supports any-slot-any-card compatibility.
z Supports resource sharing among the master, slave and extended frames.
1.2.3 Powerful Service Processing Capabilities
Supporting TDM, ATM and IP ports, the UA5000 features powerful service processing
capabilities:
z Provides 5 Gbit/s ATM switching, 12.8 Gbit/s Ethernet switch capacity, and
4k 4k TDM switching.
z Contains the multi-bus high-speed backplane with the capacity of 100 Gbit/s.
z Provides high-speed upstream ports, such as GE, and STM-1.
z Supports subtending frames and extended frames.
z Supports 1024 multicast channels. The bandwidth of each channel can reach 4
Mbit/s, which can support the Triple Play deployment.
1.2.4 Operable Broadband Video Service
The UA5000 supports multicast protocols and controlled multicast for broadband
video services, as follows:
z Provides Gigabit Ethernet ports for video services and high-speed extended bus
to guarantee non-blocking forwarding of video streams.
z Provides fast switching between channels.
z Provides channel preview and viewership statistics functions.
z Supports the controlled channel access.
z Supports the seamless connection between the transaction language 1 (TL1)
interface and the video Service Management System (SMS)/Operating Support
System (OSS).
z Provides the guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to forward video streams.
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1.2.5 Outstanding VoIP Features
When the control card is the PVM card, the UA5000 can provide the following Voice
over IP (VoIP) features:
z Supports voice codec protocols, including G.711(A-law/-law), G.723.1 and
G.729 (A/B).
z Supports the calling number sending in the frequency shift keying (FSK) mode.
z Supports the detection and generation of dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF)
signals.
z Supports the transmission/receiving gain control.
z Provides the echo cancellation (compliant with ITU-T G.165/G.168).
z Provides the lost-packet compensation technology.
z Provides the voice activity detection (VAD) and comfort noise generation (CNG).
z Provides various QoS measures, such as preferred queue for voice data, jitter
buffer, virtual local area network (VLAN) and type of service (ToS).
1.2.6 Comprehensive User Security Management
The UA5000 provides various methods to guarantee the security of subscriber data:
z Subscriber isolation through VLAN
z Host number restriction of each port
z Port searching by Media Access Control (MAC) address
z Binding of MAC address and a port
z Binding of IP address and a port
z MAC address filtering
z Controlled number of multicast groups to access a port
1.2.7 Smooth Migration to NGN
The UA5000 supports H.248/MGCP protocol when it uses the PVM card. In this case,
the UA5000 plays the role of an NGN access media gateway (AMG). With a
SoftSwitch such as Huawei U-SYS SoftX3000, the UA5000 can provide services such
as:
z VoIP
z Fax over IP (FoIP)
z Modem over IP (MoIP)
The PVM card can connect with an LE through standard V5 interfaces (both V5.1 and
V5.2 ports). By this, terminal equipment with V5 interfaces can access the NGN
simply by changing the software configuration instead of changing the terminal
equipment.
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1.2.8 Flexible Networking Mode
The UA5000 is adaptive to various access network scenarios. The UA5000 can be
applied in complex topologies and difficult engineering environments.
The UA5000 networking features include:
z Ring and star topologies, or a mixed topology of both
z MSTP or ATM VP Ring bearing networks
z Upstream ATM or IP ports
z Local subtending through the extended star bus, and remote subtending through
IMA E1, ATM E3, STM-1 ATM and SHDSL ports
1.2.9 Carrier-Class Reliability
The reliability of UA5000 system design, card design and software design are
carrier-class.
I. System reliability design
The features of the system reliability design are as follows:
z Redundant backup of control system, switching network, clock, service
processing module and upstream line cards
z Multiple clock references
z 1+1 backup for the star broadband subtending bus between the master and
slave frames
z MSTP networking and VP Ring networking that eliminate single point failures
z Redundant fan configuration and intelligent control and alarm functions
z Redundant backup of the primary power supply and the secondary power supply
that work in the load-sharing mode
II. Card reliability design
The features of the card reliability design are as follows:
z Load sharing of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) resource in the PVM card
z 1+1 Automatic Protection Switching (APS) of STM-1 ports
z Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) protection and trunk for FE/GE ports
z Backup protection among E1 ports
z Sub-network Connection Protection (SNCP) and Multiplex Section Protection
(MSP) protection of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) ports
z POTS line card and xDSL line cards with port backup
III. Software reliability design
The features of the software reliability design are as follows:
z Modularization and platform design
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z Advanced design technologies based on object, error tolerance, error correction
and auto recovery
z Capability maturity model (CMM) compliance
IV. Dual homing
In H.248 and Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP), one UA5000 can register in
two SoftSwitches. If one SoftSwitch is faulty, the UA5000 will switch over to the other.
No undergoing call will be affected.
1.2.10 Broad Range of Models
The application environment of access network is complex, so the networking
equipment shall be adaptive and flexible.
The UA5000 provides a wide range of models for a variety of application scenarios:
z Capacities ranging from dozens of lines to thousands of lines
z Indoor and outdoor cabinets for mild and harsh climate
z Large and small sized (rack, chassis and desktop) units
z Front-access and rear-access cabinets
z Wide variety of terminals
1.2.11 Powerful Management System
The UA5000 adopts the iManager N2000 Fixed Network Integrated Management
System of Huawei as its NMS.
The following describes the features of the iManager N2000.
z Uniform management mode: The iManager N2000 provides centralized and
all-round management for the UA5000. It can monitor the network, configure and
maintain the services easily.
z Rich interfaces: The iManager N2000 provides various southbound interfaces
such as Telnet, SYSLOG, Man Machine Language (MML) and Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) to connect with the managed devices. It also
provides standard SNMP V3 and TL1 northbound interfaces to connect with the
OSS. The iManager N2000 helps the carriers to build an integrated and
automatic OSS platform at the network layer.
z Security management: The iManager N2000 provides abundant user
management and authentication functions down to the frames and cards of the
managed devices.
z In-service upgrade and maintenance: The iManager N2000 supports the online
report of hardware and software versions, supports the in-service upgrade and
loading of card software and host software, as well as the in-service loading and
management of patches.
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z Environment monitor: The Environment Monitor Unit (EMU) can perform
real-time monitor and generate remote alarm on humidity, temperature, access
control sensor, power system, battery and main distribution frame (MDF).
z Traffic measurement: The iManager N2000 can collect traffic data and save
them into database for query and analysis.
z Integrated terminal management: The iManager N2000 supports terminal
management procedure, including centralized configuration, testing and
monitoring for ADSL terminals in a mass scale.

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UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 2 System Structure

2-1
Chapter 2 System Structure
This section describes the logical structure, hardware structure, cabinet, frame, card
and customer premises equipment (CPE) of the UA5000.
2.1 Logical Structure
The UA5000 consists of following modules:
z TDM control and switching module
z Packet control and switching module
z Packet voice processing module
z Network-network interface (NNI) module
z User-network interface (UNI) module
See Figure 2-1.
TDM control and
switching module
POTS
ISDN
E1
TDM SHDSL
V.24
V.35
N x 64 k
Packet voice
processing
module
STM-1
VP Ring
ATM E3
IMA E1
FE/GE
E1
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL
ATM SHDSL
Ethernet
Packet control and
switching module
N
N
I

m
o
d
u
l
e
FE/GE
U
N
I

m
o
d
u
l
e
TDM control and
switching module
POTS
ISDN
E1
TDM SHDSL
V.24
V.35
N x 64 k
Packet voice
processing
module
STM-1
VP Ring
ATM E3
IMA E1
FE/GE
E1
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL
ATM SHDSL
Ethernet
Packet control and
switching module
N
N
I

m
o
d
u
l
e
FE/GE
U
N
I

m
o
d
u
l
e

Figure 2-1 UA5000 logical structure
The following describes the UA5000 logical structure.
z The TDM control and switching module implements the switching and
convergence of narrowband services through the TDM switching fabric.
z The packet control and switching module implements the switching and
convergence of broadband services through the packet switching fabric.
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z The packet voice processing module converts TDM data flow into ATM cells; or
converts voice stream to IP packets through voice coding/decoding and sends
them to the NGN.
z The NNI module provides various network ports including ATM STM-1, ATM E3,
V5, TDM E1, IMA E1, VP Ring, FE and GE ports.
z The UNI module provides various service ports including POTS, ISDN BRI
(2B+D), ISDN (30B+D), V.24 sub-rate, V.24/V.35 64 kbit/s, V.35/FE1 N x 64
kbit/s, E1, ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL, SHDSL (TDM/ATM), 10Base-T, 2/4-wire VF
and E&M trunk ports.
2.2 Software Structure
Figure 2-2 shows the software structure of the UA5000 system. The UA5000 software
consists of card software and host software.
UA5000 software architecture
Serial port
terminal
Telnet
Host software
Card
software 1
Card
software 2
Board
software
...
Communication control bus
Inband/outband Inband/outband Serial port connection
NMS
Card
software N

Figure 2-2 UA5000 software architecture
I. Card software
Card software runs on a line card, interface card, monitor card and some power
supply cards. The software drives the card and implements service management,
data management, alarm management and fault diagnosis for the card.
II. Host software
Host software runs on the control card. The software consists of four layers as shown
in Figure 2-3, some of which are further subdivided into modules.
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S
y
s
t
e
m

s
u
p
p
o
r
t

l
a
y
e
r
System service layer
S
y
s
t
e
m

m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t

l
a
y
e
r
Service control layer
Voice control
module
ATM control
module
I
P

c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
o
d
u
l
e

Figure 2-3 Host software structure
The name and functions of each layer are as follows.
z System support layer: drives the system hardware.
z System service layer: provides basic services for the software running. Its
fundamental module is the operating system.
z System management layer: provides users with means to manage the
equipment and services.
z Service control layer: interprets user commands and provides various services.
This layer consists of three modules: voice control module, ATM control module
and IP control module.
2.3 Cabinets
This section describes cabinet specifications, as well as power supply system and
EMU.
2.3.1 Cabinet Specifications
Table 2-1 lists the cabinets that can house the UA5000 frame.
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Table 2-1 Major specifications of cabinets for the UA5000
Max. ports*
Model Type
Frame
configuration
POTS
only
ADSL
only
POTS &
ADSL
combo
ONU-F01D100
Outdoor,
front-access,
mini capacity
One HABL 160 96 48
ONU-F01D200
Outdoor,
front-access
One HABD 384 384 192
ONU-F01D500
Outdoor,
front-access
One HABD +
one HABF
960 960 480
ONU-F01D1000
Outdoor,
front-access
One HABD +
one HABE +
one HABF
1408 1408 704
One HABA 960 960 480
ONU-F02A
Indoor,
rear-access
One HABA+
one HABB
1984 1984 992
One HABD+
One HABF
960 960 480
ONU-F02AF
Indoor,
front-access
One HABD+
one HABE+
two HABFs
1984 1984 992
*Note: For all cabinet models except ONU-F01D100, if you are configuring a test card in a
cabinet, the maximum number of ports shall be reduced by that of a line card.

2.3.2 Power Supply System and Environment Monitor System
I. Power supply system
The power supply system used by the UA5000 includes PS4840/10, PS4845/15 or
DC distribution unit. Refer to Table 2-2 for details.
Table 2-2 Description of the power supply system
Parameter PS4840/10 PS4845/15 DC distribution unit
Input 220 V AC 220 V AC or 110 V AC 48 V DC (Two inputs)
Composition
Rectifier unit
HD4810-5
Power monitor
unit PSM-8
Environment
monitor unit
H303ESC
Rectifier unit 4815
Power monitor unit
PSM-B5
Power distribution unit
NA
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Parameter PS4840/10 PS4845/15 DC distribution unit
Structure
19 inches wide,
4 U high*
19 inches wide, 3 U
high
19 inches wide, 2 U
high
Applied
cabinet
Rear-access
cabinet
Front-access cabinet
Front-access cabinet
and rear-access
cabinet
Features
Stable and
reliable running,
flexible
configuration;
Outstanding
environment
monitor
management
N+1 backup of the
rectifier module;
Safe and reliable
power supply and DC
distribution functions;
Outstanding
environment and
power monitor and
battery management
Compatible with the
48V power supply
with two inputs or one
input.
*1U=44.45 mm

II. Environmental Monitoring System
The UA5000 has powerful environmental monitoring functions to monitor the following
items:
z Environmental parameters inside/outside of the cabinet
z Power supply
z Fan
z Battery
The environmental monitoring units include:
z Environmental monitoring card
z Environmental monitoring box
z Power monitor unit
z Built-in monitor card in the power distribution unit
1) Environmental Monitoring card
The environmental monitoring card includes the H303ESC and H304ESC. The
following takes the H304ESC card as the example to introduce the functions and
features. Note that although the H303ESC and H304ESC cards have the same basic
features, the H304ESC card has a battery management function, but no humidity
monitoring function.
The H304ESC communicates with the control card through serial ports. The
H304ESC can monitor 8 analog parameters and 22 digital parameters, and monitor
multiple types of intelligent power supply through serial ports. Detailed functions of the
H304ESC are as follows:
z Analog parameter monitor: The H304ESC has built-in temperature and
humidity sensors, which monitor the temperature and humidity in the cabinet. It
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also provides 6 analog signal interfaces to connect external analog sensors. For
each monitor signal, you can set the alarm upper/lower limits and the sensor
properties.
z Digital parameter monitor: The H304ESC monitors the power distribution unit
and access control. It also provides 20 digital sensor interfaces to connect
various external digital sensors. The external sensor uses a 12V or 24V power
supply. You can define the sensor signal name and set the alarm level
dynamically.
z Fan monitor: The H304ESC provides the power supply interfaces for the
cabinets fan frame and controls the fan switch with respect to the temperature.
Moreover, it can monitor the running status of each fan through the fan monitor
card.
z Intelligent control output interface: The H304ESC provides two control
interfaces. Through these two interfaces, the H304ESC can receive the
commands from the NMS and control the connection with external intelligent
equipment.
z Intelligent power supply monitor: The H304ESC can monitor and manage
multiple types of intelligent power supplies through its serial port.
z Battery management function: The H304ESC can monitor and manage the
powering on, powering off and the equalized charging of batteries.
2) Environmental monitoring box
The environmental monitoring box consists of H304ESC, H601ESBB and H601ESFB.
The box has following functions:
z Monitors various environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity,
smoke, water, door status and main distribution frame (MDF).
z Provides multiple types of extended monitor interfaces.
z Monitor the power system when connected to the monitor unit of the GEPS4845
power module.
3) Power monitor unit
The power monitor unit includes PSM-8 and PSM-B5. The unit has following
functions:
z Monitors the power supply in real time.
z Automatically manage the battery based on the configuration.
z Obtains the running parameter values of the power supply system.
z Configures and controls the power supply system.
4) Built-in monitor card in the power distribution unit
The built-in monitor card can monitor the following parameters:
z Lightning protection components
z Input voltage
z Output voltage
z Shunt protection switch
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z Temperature and humidity in the power distribution unit
The card provides eight digital monitor interfaces to detect the environment
parameters, such as water, access control and MDF.
2.4 Frames
The UA5000 frames can be rear accessible or front accessible.
2.4.1 Rear-access Frames
The rear-access frames fall into two types: HABA (master frame) and HABB (slave
frame).
I. HABA frame layout
The HABA frame is the master frame of the rear-access UA5000, which stands at a
height of 16 U. The HABA frame can subtend slave frames and aggregate services
from the subordinate frames.
The HABA frame provides 36 slots, of which 30 slots are reserved for line cards and 6
for other types of cards. The line card slots can be installed with either narrowband or
broadband line cards.
The AIUB card and the TSSB card can be installed in the slots shown in Figure 2-4
only.
The two narrowband control cards and the two broadband control cards in the frame
support backup in the event of primary controller failures.
A HABA frame can use a minimum of one PWX card and a maximum of two. The two
PWX cards in the frame share the power supply load, and if one PWX should fail, the
other has the capacity to dynamically provide the necessary power.
Figure 2-4 shows the layout of the HABA frame.
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01 02 00
Fan
P
W
X
x
S
L
x
P
M
B
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
P
W
X
A
I
U
B
/
x
S
L
Cable routing area
x
P
M
B
A
I
U
B
/
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
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x
S
L
x
S
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T
S
S
B
/
x
S
L
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Fan
x
S
L
Cable routing area
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 18 34 35

PWX: Secondary power supply card xPMB: Broadband control card (APMB/IPMB)
PVx: Narrowband control card (PVU8/PVU4/PVM)
RSUx: Remote subscriber unit (RSU8/RSU4) xSL: Service card (ASL/DSL/ADMB/VDLB/)
AIUB: ATM interface card TSSB: Test card
Figure 2-4 HABA frame layout
II. HABB frame layout
The HABB frame is the slave frame of the rear-access UA5000, which stands at a
height of 16 U. The HABB frame works under the control of the HABA frame. The
HABA frame extends the bus to the HABB frame through cables.
The HABB frame provides 36 slots, of which 32 slots are reserved for line cards, and
4 for other types of cards. The line card slots can be installed with either narrowband
or broadband line cards.
The two broadband control cards in the frame support backup in the event of primary
controller failures. The HABB frame does not have narrowband control cards. The
narrowband line cards in the frame are controlled by the narrowband control card in
the master frame.
A HABB frame can use a minimum of one PWX card and a maximum of two. The two
Figure 2-5 shows the layout of the HABB frame.
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01 02 00
Fan
P
W
X
x
S
L
A
P
S
B
P
W
X
x
S
L
Cable routing area
A
P
S
B
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Fan
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 18 34 35
x
S
L
x
S
L
Cable routing area

PWX: Secondary power supply card
APSB: Broadband control card for the slave frame
xSL: Service card (ASL/DSL/ADMB/VDLB/)
Figure 2-5 HABB frame layout
2.4.2 Front-access Frames
The front-access frames fall into four types: HABD (master frame), HABE (slave
frame), HABF (extended frame) and HABL.
The HABE and HABF frames are controlled by the HABD frame.
I. HABD frame layout
The HABD frame is the master frame of the front-access UA5000, which stands at a
height of 10 U. A HABD frame can be subtended with multiple slave frames, and the
HABD frame can aggregate the services from the subordinate frames.
The HABD provides 18 slots, of which 12 slots are reserved for line cards and 6 for
other types of cards. The line card slots can be installed with either narrowband or
broadband line cards. The AIUB and the TSSB cards can be installed only in the slots
shown in Figure 2-6.
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A HABD frame can use a minimum of one PWX card and a maximum of two. The two
Figure 2-6 shows the layout of the HABD frame.
Control and interconnect
cable connecting area
01 02 00
Fan
P
W
X
x
S
L
x
P
M
B
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
P
W
X
A
I
U
B
/
x
S
L
Cable routing area
x
P
M
B
A
I
U
B
/
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
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L
x
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x
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T
S
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B
/
x
S
L
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Subscriber line
connecting area

PWX: Secondary power supply card xPMB: Broadband control card (APMB/IPMB)
RSUx: Remote subscriber unit (RSU8/RSU4) xSL: Service card (ASL/DSL/ADMB/VDLB/)
AIUB: ATM interface card TSSB: Test card
Figure 2-6 HABD frame layout
II. HABE frame layout
The HABE frame is the slave frame of the front-access UA5000, which stands at a
height of 10 U. The HABE frame works under the control of the HABD frame. The
HABD frame extends its bus to the HABE frame through cables. The HABE frame can
be subtended with the HABF frame.
The HABE frame provides 18 slots, of which 14 slots are reserved for line cards and 4
for other types of cards. The line card slots can be installed with either narrowband or
broadband line cards.
The two broadband control cards in the frame support backup in the event of primary
controller failures. The HABE frame does not have narrowband control cards. The
narrowband line cards in the frame are controlled by the narrowband control card in
the master frame.
A HABE frame can use a minimum of one PWX card and a maximum of two. The two
Figure 2-7 shows the layout of the HABE frame.
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2-11
01 02 00
Fan
P
W
X
x
S
L
A
P
S
B
P
W
X
x
S
L
A
P
S
B
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
x
S
L
x
S
L
Control & interconnect
cable conneting area
Subscriber line
connecting area
Cable routing area

APSB: Broadband control card for the slave frame
Figure 2-7 HABE frame layout
III. HABF frame layout
The HABF frame is the extended frame of the front-access UA5000, which stands at a
height of 10 U.
The HABF frame works under the control of the HABD or HABE frame. The HABD or
HABE frame provides the power supply to the HABF frame.
The HABF frame provides 18 slots. All these slots are for line cards. The slots can be
installed with either narrowband or broadband line cards.
Figure 2-8 shows the layout of the HABF frame.
01 02 00
FAN
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
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03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
x
S
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x
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x
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x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
x
S
L
Cable routing area
Interconnect cable
connecting area
Subscriber line
connecting area

Figure 2-8 HABF frame layout
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2-12
IV. HABL frame layout
The HABL frame is the mini master frame, which stands at a height of 10 U. The frame
fits the ONU-F01D100 cabinet.
The HABL frame provides 12 slots, of which 5 slots are reserved for line cards and 7
for other types of cards. Note that you can install three 32-port line cards or three
narrowband & broadband combo line cards in the frame, or you can install five other
types of line cards. You can insert the TSSB card in slot 11 only.
A HABL frame can use a minimum of one PWX card and a maximum of two. The two
Figure 2-9 shows the layout of the HABL frame.
01 02 00
Fan
P
W
X
x
S
L
x
P
M
B
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
P
W
X
x
S
L
x
P
M
B
x
S
L
x
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x
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L
T
S
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B
P
V
x
/
R
S
U
x
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Cable conneting area
Cable routing area

xPMB: Broadband control card (APMB/IPMB)
RSUx: Remote subscriber unit (RSU8/RSU4)
xSL: Service card (ASL/DSL/ADMB/VDLB/) TSSB: Test card
Figure 2-9 HABL frame layout
2.4.3 Frame Hardware Description
I. Master frame
Figure 2-10 shows the hardware structure of the master frame.
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2-13
TDM bus
High speed bus
Expansion bus
Test bus
A
S
L
D
S
L
x
D
S
L
E
A
U
A
T
S
S
B
C
S
M
C
To slave frame and
extended frame
NNI
UNI
Master
frame
P
V
x
A
I
U
B
D
E
H
A
x
P
M
B

Figure 2-10 Hardware structure of the master frame
The master frame is the control core of the UA5000. It switches, converges and
transmits services upstream for master, slave and extended frames.
The master frame can be subtended with slave frames and extended frames to
realize the inter-frame resource sharing. It can also be connected with subscriber
lines.

Note:
The HABL has a smaller scale than the HABA/HABD frame. The HABL cannot be
subtended with slave or extended frames.

The narrowband line cards send services to the narrowband control card (PVU8,
PVU4 and PVM) through the TDM bus. After the protocol processing and time slot
crossing, the PVU8/PVU4/PVM forwards these services upstream through the NNI.
The narrowband control card manages narrowband line cards, test card (TSS) and
standby narrowband control card.
The broadband line cards send services to the broadband control card (APMB/IPMB),
and the APMB/IMPB forwards these services upstream through the NNI. The
APMB/IPMB manages the broadband line cards and interface cards.
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2-14
When the UA5000 acts as a component of the NGN, the PVM converts the TDM
signals of all narrowband service data into IP packets. The IPMB then forwards these
packets upstream to the IP network along with broadband services.
The TSSB card tests the line cards, and reports the test results to the control cards.
II. Slave frame
Figure 2-11 shows the hardware structure of the slave frame.
A
S
L
D
S
L
x
D
S
L
E
A
U
A
T
S
S
B
C
S
M
C
UNI
Slave
frame
D
E
H
A
A
P
S
B
TDM bus
High speed bus
Expansion bus
Test bus
To master frame and
extended frame

Figure 2-11 Hardware structure of the slave frame
The slave frame mainly works as the subscriber access unit. It can also extend its bus
to the extended frame to realize the inter-frame resource sharing.
Services from the narrowband line cards are converged by the TDM bus, and
forwarded upstream to the master frame through the conversion card or backplane.
Services from the broadband line cards are converged by the intra-frame high speed
bus. After being processed by the APSB card, the services are forwarded upstream to
the master frame through conversion cards or backplane cables.
III. Extended frame
Figure 2-12 shows the hardware structure of the extended frame.
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2-15
A
S
L
D
S
L
x
D
S
L
E
A
U
A
T
S
S
B
C
S
M
C
UNI
Extended
frame
D
E
H
A
To master frame and
slave frame
TDM bus
High speed bus
Expansion bus
Test bus

Figure 2-12 Hardware structure of the extended frame
The extended frame works as the subscriber access unit.
Services from the narrowband line cards are converged by the intra-frame TDM bus,
and forwarded upstream to the master frame through the conversion card or
backplane.
Services from the broadband line cards are converged by the intra-frame high speed
bus, and forwarded upstream to the master frame through the conversion card or
backplane.
2.5 Cards
The cards used in the UA5000 include control cards, line cards and other cards.
Table 2-3, Table 2-4 and Table 2-5 describe these cards.
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2-16
Table 2-3 Description of control cards
Abbr. Name Full name Function description
APMB
Master frame ATM
service processing
card
The APMB card is also called the broadband
control card (for ATM).
The APMB card controls the broadband line
cards of the UA5000 and provides various
types of broadband upstream ports, including
IMA E1, ATM E3, STM-1 ATM, and VP Ring.
The APMB card provides the switch fabric and
working clock for the broadband services.
The APMB card supports the active/standby
working mode.
IPMB
Master frame IP
service processing
card
The IPMB card is also called the broadband
control card (for IP).
The IPMB card controls the broadband line
cards of the UA5000, converges and
processes broadband services, and provides
GE/FE ports.
The IPMB card supports the active/standby
working mode.
PVM
Master frame
Packet voice and
TDM service
processing card
The PVM card can process the H.248/MGCP
protocols, converts the TDM voice signals into
IP packets.
One PVM card provides one FE port to
transmit IP voice services.
PVU8/PVU4
Master frame TDM
Service processing
card
The PVU8/PVU4 card controls the
narrowband line cards of the UA5000.
The PVU8/PVU4 card provides upstream V5
E1 ports for TDM services. It also provides
TDM switch fabric and working clock for the
TDM services.
The PVU8/PVU4 card supports the
active/standby working mode.
APSB
Slave frame
broadband service
processing card
The APSB card controls the broadband line
cards in the slave frame. It also subtends the
broadband services with the master frame.
The APSB card supports the active/standby
working mode.
RSU8/RSU4
Remote subscriber
unit
The RSU8/RSU4 card controls the
narrowband line cards in the remote
subscriber frame.
The RSU8/RSU4 card subtends the
narrowband services with the UA5000 master
frame or the MD5500 frame.
The RSU8/RSU4 card provides E1 port for
upstream narrowband services.
The APSB card supports the active/standby
working mode.
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2-17
Table 2-4 Description of line cards
ASL POTS line card The ASL card provides 32 POTS ports.
DSL ISDN BRI line card The DSL card provides eight ISDN BRI ports.
VFB
2/4-wire VF line
card
The VFB card provides sixteen 2-wire VF
ports or eight 4-wire VF ports.
CDI
Direct dial-in line
card
The CDI card provides 16 direct dial-in ports.
ATI
2/4-wire E&M trunk
card
The ATI card provides six 2/4-wire E&M trunk
ports.
SDL
TDM SHDSL line
card
The SDL card provides four TDM SHDSL
ports.
SDLB
ATM SHDSL line
card
The SDLB card provides 16 ATM SHDSL
ports. It supports line test and port backup.
ADLB ADSL line card
The ADLB card provides 16 ADSL ports. It has
the built-in splitter.
ADLF ADSL line card
The ADLF card provides 16 ADSL ports. It has
the built-in splitter and supports the ADSL over
ISDN function.
ADMB
ADSL/ADSL2+ line
card
The ADMB card provides 16 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports. It has the built-in splitter.
ADMC
ADSL/ADSL2+ line
card
The ADMC card provides 16 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports. It has the built-in splitter and supports
the line test function.
ADMI
ADSL/ADSL2+ line
card
The ADMI card provides 16 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports. It has the built-in splitter and supports
line test and port backup.
ADRB
ADSL/ADSL2+ line
card
The ADRB card provides 32 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports. It has the built-in splitter.
CSMB
ADSL/ADSL2+ and
POTS combo line
card
The CSMB card provides 16 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports and 16 POTS ports. It has the built-in
splitter.
CSMC
ADSL/ADSL2+ and
POTS combo line
card
The CSMC card provides 16 ADSL/ADSL2+
ports and 16 POTS ports. It has the built-in
splitter and supports line test and port backup.
CSLB
ADSL and POTS
combo line card
The CSLB card provides 16 ADSL ports and
16 POTS ports. It has the built-in splitter.
CSLI
ADSL and POTS
combo line card
The CSLI card provides 16 ADSL ports and 16
POTS ports. It has the built-in splitters and
supports line test and port backup.
VDLB VDSL line card
The VDLB card provides 16 VDSL ports. It has
the built-in splitters and supports line test and
port backup.
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2-18
EAUA Ethernet line card The EAUA card provides eight Ethernet ports.

Table 2-5 Description of other cards
AIUB ATM interface card
The AIUB card implements remote subtending
of the UA5000.
Each card provides two STM-1 ATM ports.
The backplane can provide two ATM E3 ports
or eight IMA E1 ports.
The AIUB cards support the 1+ 1 card-level
protection.
DEHA
Circuit emulation
E1 interface card
The DEHA card provides the E1 dedicated line
access and PRI access.
TSSB Test card
The TSSB card is used to test the narrowband
and broadband line cards.
ESC
Environment &
power supply
monitor card
The ESC card controls or monitors the
temperature, humidity, door sensor, fan
status, battery status and power supply status.
It reports related information to the control
card through a serial port.
PWX
Secondary power
supply card
The PWX card occupies one slot. One frame
can be equipped with two PWX cards. The
PWX card supports inter-card and inter-frame
load-sharing.
Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 3 Service Implementation

3-1
Chapter 3 Service Implementation
The UA5000 supports integrated access of voice service, broadband network access,
private circuit service and multicast service.
3.1 Voice Service
Voice service includes PSTN voice service and NGN voice service.
3.1.1 PSTN Voice Service
The UA5000 supports standard V5.1 and V5.2 protocols. It provides E1 ports to
interconnect with LEs to access the PSTN service. It also provides various subscriber
ports, as follows.
I. POTS ports
The UA5000 can access analog subscribers and PBX users, as well as
supplementary services such as Central Exchange (CENTREX) and Caller
Identification Display (CID). The subscriber signal can be DTMF signal or line status
signal.
II. ISDN BRI and ISDN PRI ports
The UA5000 provides ISDN BRI (2B+D) port and ISDN PRI (30B+D) port. It supports
various N-ISDN services, including:
z Video conferencing
z Videotext
z G4 facsimile
z E-mail
z Data retrieval
z LAN interconnection
z Internet access
The UA5000 also supports the mixed configuration of ISDN subscribers and analog
telephone subscribers, as well as 25 types of ISDN supplementary services. These
ISDN supplementary services include:
z Direct dial-in (DDI)
z Multi-subscriber number (MSN)
z Calling line identification presentation (CLIP)
Technical Manual

3-2
III. DDI subscriber ports
The UA5000 provides DDI subscriber ports to support the subscriber line extension
service. This service enables the external analog subscriber ports of other exchanges
to be transparently extended inside the access network.
3.1.2 NGN Voice Service
As an AMG in the NGN, the UA5000, along with the SoftSwitch, provides the following
NGN voice services:
z VoIP call by POTS subscribers
z VoIP call by ISDN BRI subscribers
z FoIP service in the transparent transmission mode and T.38 mode
z MoIP service in the transparent transmission mode and VBD mode (V.150)
z IP SPC and internal SPC
z DDI function
z Self-switching function
z Supplementary services specified in international standards
z Feature services and intelligence network services
z 12KC/16KC metering and polarity reversal charging
z Transmitting both voice signals and data packets over one type-5 cable
The UA5000 offers services through its subscriber ports, transforms TDM voice
signals into IP packets with the standard voice codec technology and sends the
packets to the IP network through its network ports. The SoftSwitch controls the calls,
and communicates with the UA5000 using the H.248/MGCP protocol.
3.2 Broadband Service
I. Broadband service port
The UA5000 provides subscribers with all types of broadband network access
services. It accesses various broadband services and makes the layer 2 service
processing.
Major broadband offerings of the UA5000 are as follows:
z Standard ADSL G.Lite/G.dmt and ADSL 2+ ports
z Standard SHDSL ports
z Standard Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)-based VDSL ports
z Ethernet ports for broadband services of residential communities and
commercial buildings
II. Subscriber security management
When connected with the IP network upstream, the UA5000 provides various
methods to guarantee the security of subscriber data:
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3-3
z Subscriber isolation at layer 2 through the VLAN
z Host number restriction of each port
z Port searching by MAC address
z Binding of MAC address and a port
z Binding of IP address and a port
z MAC address filtering
z Controlled number of multicast groups to access a port
3.3 Private Circuit Service
The UA5000 provides all-around private circuit services to meet the needs of
enterprises and group customers. It is widely used in many fields such as finance,
securities and electric power.
The UA5000 supports these private circuit services:
z Local and remote DDN access through DDN ports, such as E1, V.35, V.24,
SHDSL (in the TDM mode) and 2/4-wire VF
z 2-wire/4-wire SHDSL access for LAN interconnection through ATM SHDSL ports
z Private circuit data at symmetric rate of 10 Mbit/s in 1.5 km through VDSL ports
z Broadband private circuit LAN interconnection through FE ports
3.4 Fax over IP
A fax machine uses the photo-electronic scanning technology to convert images and
texts into digital signals through Hofman coding, and then modulates the digital
signals according to the V.27 or V.29 standards. The signals are then transmitted over
the analog channels according to T.30 protocol. The information originated from a fax
machine can not be transmitted directly over the Internet, because the communication
protocols and signal formats are different. To transmit over the Internet the signals
originated from a fax machine that is connected to the PSTN, a gateway shall be
placed between the PSTN and the Internet. Such a gateway is used to translate the
protocols so that the fax signals from the PSTN can be converted into Internet IP
packets, and vice versa.
The UA5000 supports both Fax over G.711 and Fax over IP. Fax over G.711 is a
traditional narrowband fax mode based on T.30. Fax over IP is an IP fax mode based
on T.38. For Fax over G.711, the UA5000 only provides transparent channel (namely
a 64 k timeslot) to fax the data. The UA5000 itself does not process the fax. Therefore,
only Fax over IP is introduced here.
3.4.1 Principles of Fax over IP
Currently, Fax over IP (FoIP) is implemented either in store-and-forward mode or
real-time mode.
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3-4
I. Store-and-forward mode
Take a G3 fax machine as an example.
First the contents of the fax and the destination address are sent to the gateway of the
sending party between the IP network and the PSTN. From now on, the entire
fax-sending process occurs only between the sending fax machine and the sending
gateway.
After the fax is sent, the sending gateway will store the contents and relevant
information about the fax in its storage media, and forward them at an appropriate
time. If the fax-receiving party is a PC, the sending gateway will send the fax directly
to the PC as an E-mail through the IP network. If the receiving party is another G3 fax
machine, the sending gateway will send the fax to the receiving gateway as an E-mail
through the IP network. Then the receiving gateway will call the receiving fax machine
and complete the transmission.
The store-and-forward fax is non-real-time, and is easy to be carried out. The
successful application at present includes PC to fax machine and fax machine to PC.
II. Real-time mode
Real-time mode is mainly used when both the sending party and the receiving party
are G3 fax machines. In the real-time mode, all the call processes between the
sending and the receiving parties, including the establishment, hand shaking, training,
transmission and disconnection, are implemented in real time, like sending a fax on
the PSTN.
In the real-time fax application, the gateway must be able to:
z Distinguish the voice service and the fax service.
z Switch from the voice service to the fax service.
z Regenerate the fax signaling and send it to the destination fax machine if the
original fax signaling fails to reach the destination on time due to network delay.
z Take error correction measures at the IP network side to prevent fax quality
degradation due to network packet loss.
z Modulate and demodulate the fax signals. Because signals received and sent by
G3 fax machines are all modulated analog signals, analog fax signals from the
PSTN shall be demodulated into digital signals, and the digital signals from the
IP network shall be modulated into analog signals. The fax signals are not
compressed at the gateway.
The FoIP service provided by the UA5000 is the real-time fax.
III. FoIP protocols
As a service to transmit multimedia information on the IP network, FoIP also conforms
to H.323 protocol. However, the fax communication is different from telephone
communication. Besides the establishment of a telephone call, there are also fax call
Technical Manual

3-5
establishment, fax capability negotiation and training, synchronization and phase
modulation, fax packet sending, and error correction. Therefore, an FoIP gateway
must conform to the following fax protocols.
1) T.30
T.30 is the protocol concerning the fax transmission on the PSTN. It describes and
specifies in detail the communication flow, communication signal format, control
signaling and error correction mode of the G3 fax machine on the PSTN. The UA5000
in TDM networking must conform to T.30 protocol.
2) T.4
T.4 is the protocol for file transfer of G3 fax terminals. It standardizes the following for
G3 fax terminals:
z Image coding
z Signal modulation and rate
z Transmission time
z Bit error correction
z File transmission mode
3) T.38
T.38 is the communication protocol for the real-time G3 fax through the IP network. It
specifies the communication mode, packet format, error correction mode and some of
the communication flows for the G3 fax on the IP network.
3.4.2 Implementation of Fax Service
The UA5000 supports two fax modes: transparent transmission mode and T.38 mode.
Figure 3-1 shows the transparent transmission mode.
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
PSTN
IP backbone
network
FAX
FAX
TMG8010
SoftX3000
UA5000
IAD / UA5000
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
UDP/IP
G.711
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
PSTN
IP backbone
network
FAX
FAX
TMG8010
SoftX3000
UA5000
IAD / UA5000
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
UDP/IP
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 fax packet
UDP/IP
G.711

Figure 3-1 Transparent transmission mode
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3-6
For the transparent transmission mode, the UA5000 bears the voice signal through
G.711 coding mode. Two gateways only need to support G.711. One gateway codes
for G.711 and the other gateway decodes for G.711. The original T.30 packet is not
processed but transmitted transparently. The T.30 packet is processed on the fax
machines.
Figure 3-2 shows the T.38 fax mode.
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
PSTN
IP backbone
network
FAX
FAX
Redundant message n
Redundant message 1
...
TMG8010
Sof tX3000
UA5000
IAD / UA5000
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.38 f ax packet
UDP/IP
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
PSTN
IP backbone
network
FAX
FAX
Primary message
...
Sequence No.
TMG8010
Sof tX3000
UA5000
IAD / UA5000
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.30 f ax packet
TDM
Data
Encapsulation of
T.38 f ax packet
UDP/IP
Data
Encapsulation of
T.38 f ax packet
UDP/IP
T.38 f ax packet structure

Figure 3-2 T.38 fax mode
T.38 fax is also called fax relay. In this mode, a gateway (UA5000/IAD):
1) Terminates the fax packet of T.30.
2) Extracts the fax data.
3) Encapsulates the fax data into T.38 packets.
4) Sends the packets to the peer gateway.
The gateway that receives T.38 packets will extract the fax data from the T.38 packet,
encapsulate the fax data into T.30 fax packets and send the packets to the fax
machine.
T.38 fax makes use of redundancy messages to protest against packet loss that may
occur in an IP network. The method used is to assemble n prior messages after the
primary message. Thus, if n messages should lose, the receiving gateway can still
recover the lost messages from the one that contains these n prior messages. The
maximum value of n is 4.
However, T.38 fax has the concern of fax machine compatibility because the fax is in
relay mode. Fax over G.711 is recommended when the network condition is good.
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3.5 VoIP Technology
The UA5000 provides VoIP services by cooperating with the MGC, network
transmission equipment and other terminal equipment. In a complete call process, the
UA5000, under the control of the MGC, is responsible for invoking service bearer
resources and setting service bearer channels. In addition, it converts the format of
service flows, plays announcement for interworking, and extracts subscriber
information at different stages of the service bearer setup. The VoIP of the UA5000
contains the following contents:
z Voice codec
z Voice speech quality
z Echo cancellation
z Announcement playing
z Digit collection
z Message indicator service
3.5.1 Voice Codec
I. Introduction
The traditional voice is transmitted in TDM mode and occupies resources exclusively.
A typical application is that PCM bit streams are transported by using the 64 kbit/s
bandwidth. The voice based on packet switching uses far less bandwidth, so more
information can be transmitted in a given bandwidth.
Voice codec is an important function of the UA5000. Voice service streams are
encoded and decoded to achieve interconnection between different terminal
equipments.
The voice codec technology in the packet voice application is standardized in the G
series recommendations by the ITU-T. The frequently used technologies include:
z Waveform coding (including PCM and ADPCM)
z Parametric coding
z Linear predictive coding (LPC)
z Code excited linear prediction (CELP)
z Multi-pulse maximum likelihood quantization (MP-MLQ)
The UA5000 supports multiple codec algorithms, such as G.711 (5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms
and 30 ms), G.729, and G.723.1. The UA5000 can provide different voice codec
modes according to the actual requirement of intercommunication between the
network and terminal equipment. Table 3-1 lists the common speed and packetization
duration of various codec algorithms.
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3-8
Table 3-1 Speeds and packetization durations of various codec algorithms
Voice codec
algorithms
Speed
Packetization
duration
Technology of coding and
decoding
64 kbit/s 5ms PCM
64 kbit/s 10ms PCM
64 kbit/s 20ms PCM
G.711
64 kbit/s 30ms PCM
8 kbit/s 10ms CS-ACELP
G.729
8 kbit/s 20ms CS-ACELP
5.3 kbit/s 30ms CELP
G.723.1
6.3 kbit/s 30ms MP-MLQ

II. Coding and decoding bandwidth under VoIP
The actual bandwidth used by coding and decoding modes under VoIP is calculated
below in detail. Take the Ethernet as an example.
Bandwidth = Length of packet number of packets per second
= Length of packet (1/packetization duration)
= (Ethernet header + IP header + UDP header + RTP header + payload)
(1/packetization duration)
= (208 bits + 160 bits + 64 bits + 96 bits + payload) (1/packetization duration)
= (528 bits + (packetization duration number of bits per second) (1/packetization
duration)
= (528/packetization duration) + number of bits per second
Table 3-2 lists the relationship between voice coding/decoding mode and bandwidth.
Table 3-2 Voice codec algorithms and actual bandwidths
Voice
codec
algorithms
Speed
Packetization
duration
Actual bandwidth
64 kbit/s 5 ms 169.6 kbit/s
G.711
G.729
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Voice
codec
algorithms
Speed
Packetization
duration
Actual bandwidth
5.3 kbit/s 30 ms 22.9 kbit/s
G.723.1
6.3 kbit/s 30 ms 23.9 kbit/s

3.5.2 Voice Speech Quality
I. Measure of Voice Speech Quality
The Voice Speech Quality (VSQ) is evaluated by the clarity and fidelity of the voice.
Clarity reflects to what degree the words and sentences are understood; and fidelity
means to what degree the speaker can be recognized. The VSQ can be measured by
two means: subjective and objective measurement.
z Subjective measurement
This measurement meets P.830 Series Recommendation, where the method of mean
option score (MOS) is applied. The VSQ falls into five levels: excellent, good, fair,
poor and bad.
Table 3-3 lists the measurement standards based on the MOS.
Table 3-3 MOS measurement standards
Score VSQ level Description
5 Excellent Very clear, little delay and smooth communication
4 Good
Clear, lower delay and smooth communication with a
few noises
3 Fair
Not very clear, medium-level delay and possible
communication
2 Poor Not clear, high delay and difficult communication
1 Bad
Not comprehensible, very high delay and blocked
communication

z Objective measurement
At present the frequently used objective measurement indexes are perceptual speech
quality measure (PSQM), perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), and PESQ
listening quality (PESQ_LQ). The meters used include VQT and ABCUS. Featured
with repeatability and non-subjective factors, this method has been widely used by
telecommunication carriers and vendors.
For more details about the objective measurement, refer to corresponding standards.
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II. Possible factors degrading VSQ
For the network providing voice services, the VSQ accounts the most critical factor for
service quality provided. Due to circuit switching characteristics, PSTN networks over
TDM are able to achieve excellent VSQ. However, in packet networks VSQ may be
degraded due to the following factors:
z Delay and jitter
z Codec type
z Packet loss ratio
z Echo
z Speech level
1) Delay and jitter
Delay refers to the time taken by the network equipment to forward services. Time
overhead occurs to each phase of voice packets transfer in IP/ATM networks, such as
sending, transmission and receiving. Some overhead is resulted from the system
itself, and other overhead depends on the network environment.
The delay of a point-to-point transmission is caused by transcoding, encapsulation,
de-encapsulation and network transmission. The delay variance, referred to as jitter,
is caused by networks. More nodes (such as routers and switches) exist in the
point-to-point transmission path, more violent jitter will occur. The upper limit for delay
is 150ms, over which normal conversation cannot be ensured.
The time overhead used in the voice signal processing includes four parts:
z Algorithm delay
z Computing delay
z Assembly delay
z Transmission delay
They are permanent overhead of the system and their sum is referred to as
unidirectional system delay.
Algorithm delay is decided by the chosen algorithm. For example, if G.729 is used,
there shall be 15 ms delay.
Computing delay is the time taken by a codec for transcoding, which is determined by
hardware operating speed. In most cases, it shall be less than the frame length to
ensure that the processing of the current frame has been completed when the next
frame reaches. Under the conditions that DSP performance is greatly improved,
computing delay is far less than frame length.
Assembly delay, namely multiplexing delay, is the time taken to assembly all bits of a
data block before a codec codes or decodes signals.
Transmission delay, in the precise sense, refers to the time overhead used by both
upstream/downstream links and backbone transmission. As the delay of backbone
transmission is chiefly decided by network environment, the permanent system
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overhead usually refers to the delay caused by upstream/downstream links. As for
shared channels, it is usually supposed that the sum of transmission and assembly
delay is about equal to the length of one frame.
As roughly estimated, the unidirectional system delay shall not be less than the length
of three frames. It is the permanent overhead of the system. Varying with the network
environment, the delay in point-to-point communication shall be larger than
unidirectional system delay.
Take G.729 as an example to introduce delay calculation in the point-to-point
communication.
z The algorithm delay of G.729 is 15ms, and a frame size is 10ms. Therefore, the
estimated unidirectional codec delay is about 30ms.
z As the delay in the backbone network transmission is greatly influenced by the
network environment, suppose the total transmission delay is 50ms.
z Buffers intended for removing the packet jitter at the receiving end shall lead to
20 ms delay, considering the balance of delay and jitter.
To sum up, the system delay (the minimum in theory) caused by point-to-point
communication is 45 ms for G.729. Taking network environment into account, the
mean system delay is: 30 + 50 + 20 = 100ms.
According to Recommendation G.114 of ITU, conversation discontinuity will be felt if
unidirectional delay exceeds 150ms. The maximum tolerable delay is 400 ms to
500ms, over which semi-duplex communication has to be used. In the presence of
echo, unidirectional delay shall be less than 25ms; otherwise, echo cancellation
function must be enabled.
Therefore, G.729 is able to ensure good VSQ under the normal network conditions.
G.711 (64 kbit/s) has a very low system relay. Even when the network is busy or the
network environment is poor, the conversation requirements can be met.
As for G.723.1, its algorithm delay is 37.5ms, and the unidirectional system delay is
relatively high. So, G.723.1 has stricter requirements on the network environment.
2) Codec type
The codec technology makes bandwidth effectively used and speech quality
improved. Different codec types result in different levels of speech quality.
G.711 occupies the largest bandwidth of 64 kbit/s, and affords the best speech quality,
with the MOS of 4.4. G.729 occupies the bandwidth of 8 kbit/s and its MOS is 4.2.
G.723 supports the transmission rate of 6.3 kbit/s, and its MOS is 3.98.
3) Packet loss ratio
In congested packet networks, service data may fail to be transmitted from the source
address to the destination address and then be discarded. The ratio of packets lost
against the total amount of packets to be transmitted is referred to as the packet loss
ratio.
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In the IP network, IP packets may be lost during transmission or discarded by routers
during network congestion. The packet loss ratio over 10% will greatly impair the
VSQ.
4) Echo
Echo refers to the condition where a talker hears his own voice through the phone.
Echo is classified into two types: electric echo and acoustic echo.
Electric echo is resulted form the mismatch in the 2/4-wire conversion of switches of
the transmission network. Acoustic echo is generated when part of the signal from the
talker leaks and returns to the talker.
In the point-to-point network with high delay (such as IP network), echoes greatly
affect the VSQ.
5) Speech level
Speech level is intended for measuring sound loudness. It is measured in dBm,
meaning the number of dB corresponding to 1 mW.
Appropriate speech level at the receiving and sending direction ensures high-level
VSQ. Hence, a speech gateway must contain the speech level adjusting function.
Under normal conditions, speech level is set to 0 dB.
3.5.3 Echo Cancellation
If the point-to-point delay exceeds 40ms, the echo will occur. In this case, use the
echo canceller to eliminate the echo.
Under the control of the MGC, the UA5000 can add EC resources to a conversation to
cancel the echo.
The UA5000 supports two echo cancellers: electrical echo canceller (EC) and acoustic
echo canceller (AEC).
I. EC
In the duplex transmission mode, the information in two directions can be transmitted
on one frequency band. In this case, a twisted pair is used in a digital user loop to
transmit two signals in two directions. At both ends of the duplex connection, a hybrid
circuit is used to separate data transmissions in two directions. The accurate circuit
impedance must be known to avoid the reflection of the near end signal and the far
end signal at the hybrid. The circuit impedance is decided by the circuit parameters,
which cannot be accurately known. As a result, an attenuated and distorted signal
leaks through the receiving end of the receiver to form an electrical echo.
Figure 3-3 shows the forming of electrical echo.
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Telephone
Hybrid PBN
2- Wire
Loop
4-Wire
Facility
Receive
Send
Echo

Figure 3-3 Forming of electric echo
II. AEC
When the hand-free function of a telephone is enabled, the voice signal of the peer
end leaks to the sound pickup, and then sent to the handset of the speaker at the peer
end. In this way, the acoustic echo is formed.
Figure 3-4 shows the forming process of the acoustic echo.
Receive
Send
Acoustic
Echo
Mobile
Switch
Center
Cell
Site

Figure 3-4 Forming of acoustic echo
3.5.4 Tone Playing
Under the control of the MGC, the UA5000 invokes its internal tone playing resources
to play tones in a call process. It invokes its internal service bearing resources and
transcoding resources to set up, hold and release channels for service calls. The
UA5000, together with the MGC, provides various switching services in the NGN.
The UA5000 can play the basic tones, including:
z Busy tone
z Mute tone
z Ring-back tone
z Dialing tone
z Second dialing tone
z Special dialing tone
z Howler tone
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z Call waiting tone
The MRS supports the playing of intelligent tones.
3.5.5 Number Collection
When a subscriber hooks off and dials the called number, the call control equipment
starts to analyze the number. In the NGN, the MGC controls the call process. Number
collection and reporting are conducted by the gateway under the control of MGC.
As an access gateway, the UA5000 can collect and send the dialed numbers to the
MGC or other gateways.
The UA5000 can receive and generate DTMF tones.
The UA5000 supports two number collection modes: pulse number collection and
DTMF number collection.
I. Pulse number collection
When subscriber terminals work in the pulse mode, to complete call connection and
intelligent services, the UA5000 can monitor the pulse number.
The UA5000 extracts the dialed digits, and then reports them to the MGC. The ASL
card detects the pulse number. When the first pulse digit is detected, the ASL card
reports it to the DSP on the PVM card. Rest digits are processed in the same way.
II. DTMF number collection
Similar to the pulse number collection, the ASL card of the UA5000 can monitor the
DTMF number to complete call connection and intelligent services when subscriber
terminals work in the DTMF mode.
The UA5000 extracts dialed DTMF digits, and then matches them against the number
collection scheme delivered by the MGC. After that, the UA5000 reports the matching
results to the MGC.
3.5.6 Message Waiting Indicator Service
The UA5000 supports the message waiting indicator (MWI) service under the control
of the MGC. The MWI service provides visual signals to indicate that there are
messages in the voice mailbox.
There are two means to activate the MWI:
z Voltage ascending mode
z Frequency shift keying (FSK) mode
I. Voltage ascending mode
Under the control of the MGC, the UA5000 sends a message to the MWI analog line
card (VMS) of the specified subscriber to activate the service. The VMS lights up the
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message indicator on the telephone set by increasing the voltage over the subscriber
line. This mode is used for telephone sets supporting the voltage ascending.
II. FSK mode
Under the control of the MGC, the UA5000 sends a set of special data in FSK mode to
the telephone set through the specified timeslot of the subscriber voice circuit. After
receiving the data, the telephone set lights up the message indicator.
3.6 Advanced Functions of VoIP Service
This section describes the advanced functions of VoIP service.
3.6.1 Equipment Authentication
The equipment authentication is to prevent fake access gateways to register on the
MGC.
Figure 3-5 shows the equipment authentication process. The precondition is that the
same static cipher key Ki is configured on both the UA5000 and the MGC. The
length of the key is 128 bits.
(1) ServiceChange
UA5000
MGC
(2) Reply
(3) Modify
(4) Reply
(5) Modify
(6) Reply

Figure 3-5 Authentication process based on H.248 protocol
The equipment authentication steps are as follows.
1) During starting, the UA5000 sends the ServiceChange message to the MGC to
register.
2) In the ServiceChange message, set Terminationld to Root, Method to Restart.
ServiceChangeReason is mandatory, while Version is optional.
The command contains four X fields for authentication: MG
AUTH
for digital
signature, algorithm ID, random number Rand and A used for Differ-Hellman
(DH) switching.
3) The UA5000 first generates a private number a used for DH switching, and
A=g
a
mod(P).
4) The UA5000 also generates a random number Rand. MG
AUTH
, the digital
signature of MG, is calculated to be MD5 (Ki, MGID, A, Rand).
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5) After the MGC receives the command ServiceChange, it calculates MG
RES
,
which is equal to MD5 (Ki, MGID, A, Rand).
6) If MG
AUTH
is equal to MG
RES
, the information is sent by a legal UA5000 and the
authentication is passed. Otherwise, the UA5000 is rejected.
7) The MGC regenerates a private number b used for DH switching.
B is calculated to be g
b
mod(P) and the shared authentication cipher key
KEY-MGC is calculated to be A
b
mod(P)=g
ab
mod(P). A random number Rand is
regenerated. The MGC
AUTH
is calculated to be MD5 (KEY-MGC, Ki, B, Rand).
8) The MGC sends the Modify message to the UA5000.
9) The MGC sends B, MGC
AUTH
, algorithm ID (for example, MD5) and random
number Rand to the MG.
10) After the UA5000 receives B and MGC
AUTH
, the shared cipher key KEY-MG is
calculated to be B
a
mod(P)=g
ab
mod(P). MGC
RES
is calculated to be MD5
(KEY-MG, Ki, B, Rand).
11) If the MGC
AUTH
is equal to the MGC
RES
, the information is sent by a legal MGC.
12) The UA5000 sends back a Reply.
In the Reply, the UA5000 contains two items enciphered by the shared cipher
key KEY-MG through the Signal: MGID and random number Rand (sent along
with the MGC). If the MD5 is used, the cipher method is MD5 (KEY-MG, MGID,
Rand).
13) The MGC sends the Modify message and to the MG for authentication at regular
intervals.
The command contains the random number Rand generated by the MGC and
the cipher result enciphered by the shared cipher key KEY-MGC. If the MD5 is
used, the cipher method is MD5 (KEY-MGC, Rand).
The normal call service can be started after the authentication.
3.6.2 Self-Switching
When the communication between the UA5000 and the SoftSwitch is interrupted,
internal subscribers of the UA5000 can call each other through self-switching. The
dialing is the same as that in normal situations.
The self-switching has the following functions.
z During self-switching, the UA5000 does not generate any bill or billing
information.
z After the SoftSwitch is recovered, the UA5000 can immediately register on it.
The call is retained. The call is then controlled by the SoftSwitch.
z The self-switching provisioning can be controlled by system parameters.
In the self-switching status, internal subscribers of the UA5000 can call subscribers of
the PSTN through the CDI card.

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3.6.3 Dual Homing
One UA5000 can register in two SoftSwitches under the H.248/MGCP protocol. When
one SoftSwitch is faulty, the UA5000 will switch over to the other UA5000, and the
undergoing calls will not be affected.
I. Switchover based on MGCP
Figure 3-6 shows the procedure.
(1) NTFY (H/CO2)
UA5000 MGC1
(2) RSIP (Method=restart)
(3) ACK
(4) RSIP (Method=disconnected)
(5) ACK
MGC2
Lost heartbeat
Registration succeeded
Registration failed

Figure 3-6 Switchover based on MGCP
The following describes the procedure.
1) N consecutive heartbeat detection messages NTFY (H/CO2) sent by the MG are
not responded. Therefore, the main control MGC1 is faulty.
2) The MG sends the registration message RSIP to the MGC2 according to the
sequence set in the preset standby MGC list (Method=restart).
3) If the MG receives the response message ACK from the MGC2, the registration
to the MGC2 is successful and the procedure finishes.
If N consecutive RSIPs sent from the MG to the MGC2 are not responded, the
registration to the MGC2 fails.
4) If there are other candidates in the preset standby MGC list, steps 2 and 3 will be
repeated for the next MGC.
If not, the registration message RSIP is sent to the original main control MGC1
after a period of delay according to the robust mechanism for preventing restart
(method=disconnected).
5) If the MG receives the response message ACK from the MGC1, the
communication of the MG and MGC1 is recovered. The procedure finishes.
If N consecutive RSIPs sent from the MG to the MGC1 are not responded, the
registration to the MGC1 fails. Go to Step 2.
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II. Switchover based on H.248
Figure 3-7 describes the procedure.
(1) Notify (it/ito)
UA5000 MGC1
(2) ServiceChange (Method=
Failover, Reason=909)
(3) Reply
(4) ServiceChange (Method=
Disconnected, Reason=909)
(5) Reply
MGC2
Lost heartbeat
Registration succeeded
Registrration failed

Figure 3-7 Switchover based on H.248
The following describes the procedure.
1) N consecutive heartbeat detection messages Notify (it/to) sent by the MG are not
responded. Therefore, the main control MGC1 is faulty.
2) The MG sends the registration message ServiceChange to the MGC2 according
to the sequence set in the preset standby MGC list (Method=Failover,
Reason=909 (MGC is close to be faulty)).
3) If the MG receives the response message Reply from the MGC2, the registration
to the MGC2 is successful and the procedure finishes.
If N consecutive ServiceChanges sent from the MG to the MGC2 are not
responded, the registration to the MGC2 fails.
4) If there are other candidates in the preset standby MGC list, steps 2 and 3 will be
repeated for the next MGC.
If not, send the registration message ServiceChange according to the
(Method=Disconnected, Reason=909 (MGC is close to be faulty)).
5) If the MG receives the response message Reply from the MGC1, the
communication of the MG and MGC1 is recovered. The procedure finishes.
If N consecutive ServiceChanges sent from the MG to the MGC1 are not
responded, the registration to the MGC1 fails. Go to Step 2.
3.6.4 Hairpin Connection
In the hairpin connection, when subscribers of a UA5000 call each other, the voice
does not go through the DSP voice channel. The voice is switched through the
internal switching network of the UA5000.
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Because the voice does not go through the DSP chip, it improves the quality of the
voice and saves the DSP voice channels. The SoftSwitch will process the signaling
and control information of the call, which ensures that the service control and billing is
controlled by the SoftSwitch.
3.7 VLAN
VLAN technology classifies devices on different LANs by logical instead of physical
connections. VLAN technology makes it possible to divide a physical LAN into
different broadcast domains (known as VLANs) logically.
In terms of features, there are three types of VLAN, namely standard VLAN, MUX
VLAN, Smart VLAN and Super VLAN. The UA5000 supports up to 4k VLANs and
manages all kinds of VLAN uniformly.
This section introduces the four types of VLAN respectively, as well as two VLAN
features, QinQ VLAN and VLAN Stacking.
In the description of VLAN features, the following interfaces may be involved:
z Standard interface: refers to the physical port of the main control card, such as
the FE/GE port of the IPMB card.
z Trunk port: refers to the aggregated port.
The aggregation refers to combine multiple standard interfaces logically to share
the outgoing and incoming payload between the involved ports.
z Service virtual interface: refers to a service connection of the physical port at the
user side.
For example, for an ADSL/SHDSL port, two PVCs correspond to two service
virtual interfaces. For a VDSL or an Ethernet port, two VLAN connections
correspond to two service virtual interfaces.
3.7.1 Standard VLAN
A standard VLAN is a common VLAN. It is used to limit the range of a broadcast
domain. Ports in a standard VLAN are interconnected and all ports are logically equal
to each other. IEEE 802.1Q standard specifies the implementation of a standard
VLAN.
Each VLAN contains a group of workstations with the same requirements, similar as a
LAN in the physical sense. Since a VLAN is based on logical connections, devices in
a VLAN can be located in different network segments. The broadcast and unicast
flows of one VLAN will not be forwarded to other VLANs. This helps to ease flow
control, simplifies network management, and improves network security.
A standard VLAN is connectionless, and does not support service virtual port, such as
the PVC of xDSL port.
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I. VLAN features of the UA5000
The UA5000 supports these VLAN features:
z Port based VLAN
In port based VLAN mode, one or more group of ports can be designated to a
VLAN. Ports in different VLANs can not communicate with each other at Layer 2.
They can communicate only through Layer 3 routing. Each port can only be
designated to one VLAN.
z VLAN Trunk
VLAN Trunk function allows inter-VLAN connection, thus enabling different
VLANs to exist over one port or a group of ports. VLANs are differentiated by
different 802.1q tags, so that VLANs with the same VLAN ID can communicate
with each other.
z Combined VLAN based on port and VLAN Trunk
In the UA5000, the port based VLAN is applied to the end user port, while the
VLAN Trunk (802.1Q tag-based VLAN) is applied to the connections between
devices.
3.7.2 Smart VLAN
Smart VLAN is used to divide subscriber group. One subscriber group has one Smart
VLAN. Smart VLAN also isolates subscribers in one VLAN.
In the UA5000, the Layer 2 isolation is achieved through the bundling of a Smart
VLAN and multiple service virtual interfaces.
In real application, after you allocate multiple access ports and an upstream port to a
Smart VLAN, the system will create internal mapping between them. In this case, the
subscribers cannot communicate in Layer 2. Further, multiple service virtual
interfaces can be authenticated by a Smart VLAN at the BRAS device in the upper
layer. In this way, the VLAN resources and IP segment are saved.
Smart VLAN has the following features:
z Two types of ports: upstream port and downstream port.
z The upstream port is a standard interface, such as a physical port or a Trunk
port.
z The access port can be one or more service virtual interfaces. But service virtual
interfaces under one physical port shall be allocated to different Smart VLANs.
z Downstream ports of a Smart VLAN are isolated from each other on the physical
layer, but the downstream port can communicate with the upstream port at Layer
2.
z Broadcast packets are prohibited between downstream ports to ensure the user
privacy and network security.
z Smart VLAN is used for connection-oriented services.
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3.7.3 MUX VLAN
A MUX VLAN is used to identify subscribers. Different MUX VLANs correspond to
different access connections. The upper-layer equipment differentiates subscribers
through the VLAN ID.
In the UA5000, the Layer 2 isolation is achieved through the unique mapping of a
MUX VLAN and a service virtual interface.
After you allocate a downstream port and an upstream port to a MUX VLAN, the
system will create internal mapping between the two ports. The system provides the
end-to-end authentication through the MUX VLAN bound with the BRAS.
MUX VLAN features as follows:
z A MUX VLAN supports two kinds of ports: one is the upstream port and the other
is the access port. An upstream port is a standard port, such as a physical port or
a Trunk port. A MUX VLAN can contain one upstream port only. An access port is
a service virtual port. A MUX VLAN can contain one access port only.
z The upstream port and the downstream port in a MUX VLAN are layer-2
interconnected.
z Ports in different MUX VLANs are layer-2 isolated.
z The communication between ports of different MUX VLANs shall be
implemented at Layer 3.
z MUX VLAN is used mainly for connection-oriented services.
3.7.4 Super VLAN
Super VLAN is for the Layer 3 interface. It is used to save IP addresses and
implement the interconnection between VLAN at layer 3.
Super VLAN has no upstream interface, and may include multiple Sub VLANs. The
Sub VLAN may be any combination of Smart VLAN, MUX VLAN and Startdard VLAN.
One Super VLAN corresponds to one route interface at Layer 3. All Sub VLANs in one
Super VLAN use this route interface, which can save the IP address.
In one physical network, Super VLAN uses the VLAN to isolate the broadcast domain.
IP addresses of the hosts are set into one network segment and share one default
gateway.
3.7.5 QinQ VLAN
QinQ VLAN enables transmission of VLANs and services of a private network to the
peer end transparently.
The following introduces the implementation of QinQ VLAN.
z After receiving a packet with the private VLAN tag, it will assign a public VLAN ID
to the packet and send it to the upstream network.
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z The packet is transmitted in the metropolitan backbone network based on its
public VLAN ID.
z When the packet reaches the UA5000 on the other end of the backbone network,
the UA5000 will extract its public VLAN tag and restore the original user packet
and then send the packet to the CPE.
In summary, the packet delivered in the backbone network has two layers of 802.1Q
tags: a public VLAN tag and a private one. In this way, transparent delivery of private
VLANs is realized and public VLAN ID resources are greatly saved.
3.7.6 VLAN Stacking
VLAN stacking is adopted to realize VLAN extension and private line wholesale
service.
VLAN extension refers to increase the total number of VLAN IDs by adopting two
layers of VLAN tags.
When multiple ISPs exist in a L2 metropolitan network, in user access, the user is
identified by its external VLAN ID in the VLAN stacking. The external VLAN ID tells to
which ISP the user belongs. Private line wholesale service is realized in this way.
The implementation of VLAN stacking is as follows:
z The UA5000 assigns an internal tag (Customer VLAN) to ports where VLAN
stacking is enabled. After that, the system adds an external tag (Service Provider
VLAN) to these ports.
z The packets from these ports are forwarded in the network based on their
external VLAN IDs.
z After having received the packets, the BRAS will extract the external VLAN tag
and identifies the user by the internal VLAN tag.
3.8 Multicast
Multicast refers to a process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many
destinations. The key of multicast technology is to carry out packet duplication as near
as the receiver.
Multicast helps to:
z Reduce load on the server, so that the server need not handle request for per
user.
z Save network bandwidth, which lowers the requirement on the network device.
z Adapt to various user quantities, so that increase of users will not impose
pressure on the network.
The following example illustrates the implementation of multicast. Assume a source
host sends a datagram.
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The destination in the datagram is the multicast address. All hosts in the multicast
group (namely hosts with the destination multicast address) can receive a copy of the
datagram. But other hosts in the network cannot receive the packet. A multicast group
is identified by D-class IP address (224.0.0.0239.255.255.255).
The UA5000 supports IGMP Proxy and managed multicast.
3.8.1 IGMP Proxy
The UA5000 supports the IGMP proxy function. With the IGMP proxy function, the
multicast router, rather than the UA5000, performs the routing.
From the perspective of a multicast user, the UA5000 is a multicast router
implementing the routers functions defined in the IGMP. The UA5000 receives the
requests from its downlink users for joining or leaving a multicast group. It also
queries at regular time interval whether a downstream port has multicast group users.
By doing so, the UA5000 obtains multicast group membership information on the
downstream ports.
On the other hand, from the perspective of a multicast router, the UA5000 is a
multicast host which sends IGMP requests to the multicast router for joining or leaving
a designated multicast group. The multicast router does not feel the existence of real
user hosts.
The UA5000 controls the multicast group demanded by the user. Then it forwards the
multicast traffic from the upstream port to the downstream port based on its group
membership information.
The uplink and the downstream ports may not belong to the same VLAN. That is,
inter-VLAN multicast forward is supported. However, an upstream port cannot forward
the multicast data received from its downstream ports, or forward multicast data to
other upstream ports.
3.8.2 Managed Multicast
The UA5000 provides managed multicast based on standardized multicast protocols.
Managed multicast means that the multicast message is under control. It is used to
implement the multicast user management, services management and accounting.
Managed multicast involves:
z Multicast authentication and accounting
z Multicast monitor and analysis
z Multicast QoS
z Multicast encryption
z Multicast address allocation
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With multicast authentication, the UA5000 will authenticate a user who intends to join
a multicast group, and decide whether to allow the user to join the multicast group
based on the authentication result.
With multicast accounting, the UA5000 will start accounting on the multicast user who
has passed the authentication. The accounting can be implemented based on the
multicast group, traffic volume of a multicast group, duration for staying in a multicast
group.
The UA5000 periodically sends queries to the multicast members so as to decide
whether to continue accounting on a user:
z When the UA5000 receives a membership report from a user, it continues the
accounting on the user.
z When the UA5000 receives no response from a user, it disconnects the user
from the multicast group and meanwhile stops accounting on the user.
z When the UA5000 receives a leave message from a user, it also disconnects the
user from the multicast group and meanwhile stops accounting on the user.
3.8.3 Multicast Service Configuration
Based on the IGMP Proxy and managed multicast, the configuration of UA5000
multicast service is as follows:
1) To order a video program, an IGMP user sends IGMP request messages to the
UA5000 to apply to join the multicast group that offers the video program.
2) After receiving the request messages, the UA5000 authenticates the user.
If the user has the right to watch or preview the program, the UA5000 adds it to
the corresponding multicast group. Otherwise, the UA5000 rejects the request
from the user.
3) The UA5000 sends all online IGMP users general quest messages periodically.
If the UA5000 hasnt received response messages from an IGMP user for a
period of time, it regards the user has leaved the multicast group, and delete it
from the group.
4) When an IGMP user leaves a multicast group, it sends UA5000 leave messages
to the UA5000.
If the user is configured with quick-leave attribute, the UA5000 will delete it from
the multicast group immediately. If the user is not configured with that attribute,
the UA5000 will send specific query messages to the multicast group. If the
IGMP does not receive responses from the user for a period of time, it will delete
the user from the multicast group.
5) Along with handling IGMP messages as listed above, the UA5000 also receives
general query messages from the IGMP routers at upper layer, and responds to
them accordingly to report current multicast state.
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3.9 QoS Features
QoS, in simple words, refers to providing services of different qualities to different
network traffics depending on the service requirements.
3.9.1 Flow Classification
Flow classification is intended to identify appropriate packets by certain rules.
The rules may be quite simple, for example, classified by ToS byte in an IP header.
The rules may also be complicated, for example, classified by the combination of
MAC address, IP protocol type, source address, destination address and port number
of the application program.
I. DSCP-based flow classification (differentiated services)
The Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)-based flow classification is also
called the differentiated service.
Service types of the packets are differentiated according to the DSCP in the ToS in the
IP packet header. At the edge of the DS domain, make the flow classification to the
input packets, and label DSCP values to the flows. At middle nodes of the DS domain,
make simple flow classification to various types of services to realize different
discarding probabilities and to ensure the output bandwidth.
II. VLAN tag-based flow classification
The tag field of the 802.1Q frame includes the following components:
z Tag protocol identity (TPID): 16 bits. For the Ethernet, the TPID is fixed to be
0x8100.
z Priority: 3 bits, indicating the frame priority (07).
z Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): 1 bit, used for the frame format when the bus
Ethernet switches data with FDDI and token ring.
z VLAN ID: 12 bits, indicating the VLAN uniquely.
DA Data Tag Type SA CRC
VLAN ID CFI Priority 0x8100

Figure 3-8 Frame structure of 802.1Q
Priority and VLAN ID can be configured by users. The system can set the VLAN for
media streams and non-media streams. In addition, the system can set the priority for
voice, control and maintenance packet.
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When the UA5000 works as the AG, it will differentiate voice service from data service.
The voice service will be labeled with the VLAN tag of higher priority.
III. Multiple-field flow classification
The multiple-field flow classification classifies the packets based on the information of
data link layer, network layer and transmission layer. The information includes MAC
address, IP protocol type, source address, destination address, port number of the
application program, and so on.
3.9.2 Traffic Monitoring
The traffic monitoring will monitor the traffic flow which matches the flow classification
rules at the ingress port of the packet, so that the flow is suitable for the bandwidth
resource allocated for it.
Traffic monitoring is used to limit traffic flow within a valid range. The packet whose
rate exceeds the agreed value will be discarded or re-tagged.
3.9.3 Port Rate Limit
You can control the bandwidth of a flow at the egress port by limiting it within the
agreed range.
After a rate limit is specified at the egress port, packets beyond the threshold will be
discarded.
3.9.4 Queue Scheduling
Queue scheduling offers a solution to the network resource contention when multiple
packets are forwarded at the same time. The UA5000 supports strict priority queuing
algorithm and WRR algorithm.
The algorithms are summarized as follows.
z Priority queuing (PQ) algorithm
Figure 3-9 shows the PQ algorithm.
high
medium
normal
l ow
Queuing scheduli ng
Packets leaving the port
Queuing
Packets entering
the port
Classifying

Figure 3-9 Schematic diagram of PQ
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PQ aims to give strict priority to important traffic. The important traffic is given absolute
preferential treatment over low-priority queues. In PQ, each packet is placed in one of
four queues: high, medium, normal or low, which are indicated by 3, 2, 1 and 0
respectively.
In PQ, traffic with a higher priority gets preferential treatment over that of a lower
priority. Therefore, mission-critical traffic is served earlier than the less-critical traffic.
Disadvantage of PQ is that the lower priority traffic may be underserved during
network congestion.
z WRR algorithm
By WRR algorithm, traffic on a port is divided into four or eight outbound queues.
Each queue takes its turn in queue scheduling, so that all queues can be served for
some time. Each queue is assigned with a weighted value among w3, w2, w1 and w0.
Take a 100 M port for instance. Assign the weighted value of its WRR algorithm to 50,
30, 10, and 10 (corresponding to w3, w2, w1 and w0 in turn). This aims to guarantee
the minimum bandwidth of 10 M to the lowest PQ. In this way, packets in the lower PQ
can be served.
Another advantage of WRR algorithm is that it guarantees efficient usage of
bandwidth resource. Time allocated to each WRR queue is not fixed. Therefore, when
no traffic is available in one queue, bandwidth resource will be switched to the next
queue immediately.
3.9.5 Traffic Mirroring
Traffic mirroring function monitors the specific traffic flow. It copies packets on the
monitored port for testing and troubleshooting.
3.9.6 RTCP Check
The RTCP is used to monitor QoS and control the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
conversation, transmit the quality parameter transferred by the real-time signal, and
provide QoS monitor mechanism.
The RTCP defines packet types such as sender report (SR), receiver report (RR),
source description (SDES), BYE and APP. SR and RR are used to send feedback
information on data receiving quality. The feedback information is used to monitor the
QoS, diagnose network problems, and adjust the sending mode. The feedback
information is divided into three categories: accumulated information, instant
information and time information. The difference of accumulated information between
two receiving reports can be used to monitor the long-term performance. The instant
information can be used to measure the short-term performance. The time
information can be used to calculate the ratio index.
Through the RTCP, the PVM card provides the following functions.
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I. Information reporting at the termination of each call
The reported information includes:
z Packet discarding ratio
z Time delay
z Jitter
z Number of packets received
z Number of packets sent
II. Passive test and active test
Both the passive test and the active test can test the QoS of the bearing network.
z The passive test does not intrude actual services of the network, only monitors
the services. It obtains the monitor data by analyzing traffic flows.
z The active test shall intrude into the network. In the active test, the test traffic flow
shall come into the network and shall be analyzed to obtain the test data.
The passive test procedure is as follows.
1) The NMS sends the statistics test tasks to two MGs.
2) Number of sent packets, number of received packets, maximum time delay,
maximum jitter and average packet discarding ratio between the two MGs during
the statistics period are sent to the NMS.
3) After receiving the above information, the NMS shall draw related curves.
The active test procedure is as follows.
1) The NMS sends the test command.
2) The SoftSwitch initiates the call and connects to the MG.
3) The MG sends the test voice samples to the SoftSwitch through the connected
channel.
4) After the MG receives the tested traffic flow, it shall extract parameters from the
RTP flow, such as time delay, packet discarding ratio and jitter. The MG shall
report these parameters.
5) The SoftSwitch summarizes the data and reports it to the NMS.
6) The NMS draws the flow/network quality curves.
3.10 Other Services and Features
3.10.1 MoIP
The UA5000 supports two MoIP modes:
z transparent transmission mode
z redundant mode
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PSTN
IP backbone
network
PC
TMG8010
SoftX3000
UA5000
modem
Access server
MoIP
Modem traffic
Modem traffic
PSTN
IP backbone
network
PC
TMG8010
SoftX3000
UA5000
modem
Access server
MoIP
Modem traffic
Modem traffic

Figure 3-10 MoIP
For the transparent transmission mode, the Modem signal is transmitted transparently
in the IP network through voice channels using G.711 coding. The gateway does not
process the signal. The requirement on the IP bearer network is high.
Compared with the transparent transmission mode, the redundant mode uses the
redundant message mechanism to eliminate the packet loss and jitter of the network.
This mode can ensure the normal running of services when the quality of the IP
bearer network is not high.
3.10.2 MAC Address Management
The UA5000 maintains an address list in its main control card and line cards
respectively for packet forwarding. It contains the UA5000 port numbers, and the
MAC addresses of other devices connected to the UA5000.
In real configuration of the MAC address table, the added or modified entry can be
static or dynamic.
For packets with destination addresses included in the address list, the UA5000 will
use hardware to forward them. For packets with destination addresses excluded from
the address list, the UA5000 will broadcast the L2 packets and route the L3 packets.
The UA5000 is capable of learning new addresses. If the source address of a
received packet does not exist in the address list, the UA5000 can add the source
address and the port ID of the received packet to the address list as a new entry. The
Administrator can configure the address list as required. The added or modified item
can be either a static one or a dynamic one.
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The UA5000 also provides address aging function. The UA5000 will delete the
associated address items of the equipment which has not sent any packet for a
certain period of time. The address aging function only applies to dynamic address
entries. The addresses are shared by all VLANs.
3.10.3 ARP and ARP Proxy
I. ARP
ARP realizes dynamic mapping between an IP address and an MAC address,
allowing the host to find the physical address of a target on the same network given
the target's IP Address.
II. ARP proxy
When an L3 broadcast domain is isolated at L2 by network devices, ARP Proxy is
used to enable normal communication between two hosts isolated from each other at
L2. The network device shall be able to support the ARP Proxy.
ARP Proxy is used in VLAN aggregation applications such as Smart VLAN where
users in the same VLAN are isolated. Here ARP Proxy is only concerned with such
situation as users in the same VLAN are isolated from each other by network devices.
Port1 Port2
PC1
PC2
ARP Proxy
Layer 2
Layer 3

Figure 3-11 ARP Proxy implementation
As illustrated in Figure 3-11, PC1 and PC2 both belong to VLAN1. They are isolated
from each other at L2. When PC1 needs to communicate with PC2, it will send an
ARP request after having found that PC2 is located in the same subnet as PC1.
When the UA5000 receives the ARP request, it firstly searches the destination IP
address carried by the ARP request in the ARP table. If the UA5000 finds the
corresponding entry, it will respond PC1 with VLAN1s MAC address, thereby
completing the proxy function.
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If the UA5000 cannot find the corresponding entry, it will replace the source MAC
address contained in the request with VLAN1 MAC address, and broadcast the
request in VLAN1. Meanwhile, the UA5000 will also add the information it learnt from
the ARP request to the dynamic ARP table.
After that, when the UA5000 receives ARP response from PC2, whose destination
MAC address is VLAN1 MAC address, its ARP module will search the MAC address
in the ARP table. If the UA5000 finds in the table the MAC address entry
corresponding to VLAN1, it will then respond PC1 with this MAC address.
3.10.4 STP/RSTP
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is applicable to the loop network. Targeted at
preventing infinite packet generation and cycling within the loop network, STP uses a
certain algorithm to block redundant routes and modify the loop network into the
loopless tree network.
STP functions as follows: It determines the network topology through exchanging of a
specific packet between devices. This packet is referred to as configuration message
in IEEE 802.1D. The configuration message contains information necessary for the
spanning tree calculation.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) supported by the UA5000 is an updated
version of STP. Here, 'rapid means the time delay is greatly reduced for the root port
or specified port to enter the forwarding status when the network device or link
changes.
3.10.5 Terminal Management
The terminal management system consists of three parts: NMS, UA5000 and terminal
system.
z The NMS associates the subscriber port with actual network components.
z The UA5000 converts SNMP packets and transmits them transparently between
the NMS and the terminal.
z The terminal system controls the access to the SNMP agent and the terminal
MIB.
Through the UA5000, the NMS can access the terminal MIB indirectly. In this way, the
NMS can manage and maintain the terminals, moreover, coordinates the
configuration management at terminals with that at the central office.
SNMP V1 packets are transmitted between the host system (also know as proxy). The
procedure is as follows:
z Upon receiving a request from the NMS, the host system converts the packet
and then forwards it to the card.
z After receiving a response from the board, the host system converts the packet
and sends it back to the NMS.
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z Similarly, after receiving a Trap packet from the card, the host system converts
the Trap packet and sends it to the NMS.
Terminal management means at the office end you can configure and manage the
terminal, and collect and maintain information about them. In this way, end users no
longer need to maintain their terminals.
In coordination with the NMS, the UA5000 and the terminal, the terminal management
system can:
z Configure PVC and protocol for the terminal.
z Monitor the terminal status in real time.
z Test the terminal to locate a fault quickly.
z Manage and maintains all terminals in a centralized way in the NMS center of the
central office.

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 4 Networking Applications

4-1
Chapter 4 Networking Applications
The UA5000 features flexible networking. It can be applied in the environment with
multiple network topologies, less resources and sophisticated engineering. Carriers
can select the most suitable networking mode based on transmission resources,
ATM/IP network resources, service types, QoS and security.
This section describes the typical networking solutions of the UA5000.
The following lists the equipment icons used in the networking diagrams below.

Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

UA5000

Terminal Multiplexer (TM) MD5500

Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexer (MADM) SoftSwitch

4.1 Broadband IP Upstream Networking
When the upper layer broadband network is the IP network, the UA5000 can use the
MSTP networking or SDH+FE/GE networking.
4.1.1 MSTP Networking
In the MSTP networking, all services of the UA5000 are sent upstream through the
MSTP equipment.
I. Networking description
Table 4-1 describes the MSTP networking.
Table 4-1 MSTP networking description
Item Description
Upper layer network PSTN, DDN and IP
Access network
topology
Backbone network: ring, ring with chain, and tangent rings
Access network
equipment
MSTP equipment, UA5000 and MD5500 (optional)
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Item Description
Service stream
Broadband services and narrowband services are
accessed and transmitted together.
Services are sent to PSTN, DDN or IP network through the
MSTP.
The VoIP service is sent to the IPMB card through FE
ports of the PVM card, and then to the MSTP equipment
through FE/GE ports of the IPMB.

The MSTP networking falls into two modes: single-level networking and two-level
networking.
z In the single-level networking, narrowband services and broadband services are
not converged in the access network. The MSTP equipment only transmits
transparently the narrowband services.
z In the two-level networking, the central office converges the narrowband
services, and then sends them to PSTN or DDN.
When there are many remote nodes and subscribers, select the MD5500 in the
central office to converge services. When there are a few remote nodes and
subscribers, select the UA5000 to converge services.
II. Networking diagram
Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 show the MSTP networking. The MD5500 in Figure 4-2 can
be replaced with the UA5000.
PSTN
FE/GE
IP
E1
MSTP
DDN
MSTP
FE/GE E1 FE/GE
FE/GE
E1
E1( V5)
E1
FE/GE
E1
FE/GE E1

Figure 4-1 Single-level MSTP networking
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PSTN IP
MSTP
DDN
E1
FE/GE
E1( V5)
FE/GE
E1
FE/GE
E1
MSTP
FE/GE E1
FE/GE E1

Figure 4-2 Two-level MSTP networking
III. Networking features
The MSTP networking has the following features.
z The MSTP networking is suitable for the coexistence of narrowband E1
resources and broadband FE/GE resources.
z The MSTP networking accesses and transmits both narrowband services and
broadband services together, saving the optical fibers.
z The MSTP equipment has enough scales to meet various networking
requirements.
z The MSTP networking facilitates the deployment of IP television (IPTV) service.
4.1.2 SDH+FE/GE Networking
In the SDH+FE/GE networking, narrowband services are transmitted through the
SDH equipment, and broadband services through optical fibers connected to FE/GE
ports.
Table 4-2 describes the SDH+FE/GE networking.
Table 4-2 SDH+FE/GE networking description
Item Description
Upper layer network PSTN, DDN and IP
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4-4
Item Description
Access network topology
Backbone network: ring+star, ring with chain, and
tangent rings
Access network
equipment
SDH equipment, UA5000 and MD5500 (optional)
Service stream
accessed together while transmitted separately.
Narrowband services are transmitted to the central
office through the SDH network, and then upstream to
PSTN and DDN. Broadband services are transmitted to
the upper-layer network through FE ports of the IPMB
card.
The VoIP service is sent from the PVM card to the IPMB
card through internal FE ports, and then to the MSTP
equipment through FE/GE ports of the IPMB.

The SDH+FE/GE networking falls into two modes: single-level networking and
two-level networking.
z In the single-level networking, neither narrowband services nor broadband
services are converged in the access network.
services and then sends them to PSTN or DDN.
When there are many remote nodes and subscribers, select the MD5500 in the
central office to converge services. When there are a few remote nodes and
subscribers, select the UA5000 to converge services.
Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 show the SDH+FE/GE networking. The MD5500 in
Figure 4-4 can be replaced with the UA5000.
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4-5
PSTN IP
E1
SDH
DDN
SDH
FE/GE
E1
E1( V5)
FE/GE
E1
E1
FE/GE

Figure 4-3 Single-level SDH+FE/GE networking
PSTN IP
SDH
DDN
E1
FE/GE
E1( V5)
FE/GE
E1
FE/GE
E1
SDH
E1 E1
FE/GE

Figure 4-4 Two-level SDH+FE/GE networking
The SDH+FE/GE networking has the following features.
z The SDH+FE/GE networking is suitable for the improvement of the networks with
the SDH equipment or the new integrated access network with abundant optical
fibers.
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z The broadband service channel is separated from the narrowband service
channel, while their NMS channels are integrated.
z The access network can connect with the IP network through FE/GE ports. In
this way, the narrowband optical fibers can be saved.
z The SDH+FE/GE networking facilitates the IPTV service deployment.
4.2 Broadband ATM Upstream Networking
When the upper layer network is the ATM network, the UA5000 can use the following
three networking modes: SDH+STM-1 ATM networking, STM-1 ATM networking and
VP Ring networking.
4.2.1 SDH+STM-1 ATM Networking
In the SDH+STM-1 ATM networking, narrowband services are transmitted by the
SDH equipment and broadband services by STM-1 ATM links.
Table 4-3 describes the SDH+STM-1 ATM networking.
Table 4-3 SDH+STM-1 ATM networking description
Item Description
Upper layer network PSTN, DDN and ATM
Access network topology
Backbone network: ring+star, ring with chain, and
tangent rings
Access network equipment SDH equipment, UA5000 and MD5500 (optional)
Service stream
accessed together while transmitted separately.
Narrowband services are transmitted to the central
office through the SDH network, and then upstream to
PSTN and DDN. Broadband services are transmitted
to the upper-layer network through STM-1 ports of the
APMB card.

The SSDH+STM-1 ATM networking falls into two modes: single-level networking and
two-level networking.
z In the single-level networking, neither narrowband services nor broadband
services are converged in the access network.
services and then sends them to PSTN, DDN or ATM network.
Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6 show the SDH+STM-1 ATM networking.
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PSTN ATM
E1
SDH
DDN
SDH
E1
STM-1
E1
E1( V5)
E1
E1
STM-1
E1
STM-1

Figure 4-5 Single-level SDH+STM-1 ATM networking
PSTN
ATM
SDH
DDN
E1
E1
E1
E1(V5)
E1
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1

Figure 4-6 Two-level SDH+STM-1 ATM networking
The SDH+ STM-1 ATM networking has the following features.
z The SDH+ STM-1 ATM networking is suitable for the networks with the SDH
equipment, ATM switches and abundant optical fibers.
z The broadband service channel is separated from the narrowband service
channel, while their NMS channels are integrated.
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4.2.2 STM-1 ATM Networking
In the STM-1 ATM networking, services are transmitted upstream to the MD5500
through STM-1 ATM links.
Table 4-4 describes the STM-1 ATM networking.
Table 4-4 STM-1 ATM networking description
Item Description
Access network
topology
Backbone network: star and link
Access network
equipment
UA5000 and MD5500
Service stream
Narrowband services are emulated to ATM cells by the
Circuit Emulation Service (CES). After that, they are
transmitted together with broadband services upstream
to the MD5500 through the STM-1 ATM links.
Services are sent to PSTN, DDN or ATM network through
the MD5500.

The STM-1 ATM networking is of two levels. Services are converged at the MD5500.
Figure 4-7 shows the STM-1 ATM networking.
PSTN
ATM
DDN
E1(V5)
STM-1
E1
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1

Figure 4-7 STM-1 ATM networking
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The STM-1 networking has the following features.
z The STM-1 networking is suitable for the networks with ATM switches.
z Narrowband services and broadband services are transmitted together.
z The narrowband NMS and the broadband NMS are integrated.
4.2.3 VP Ring Networking
In the VP Ring networking, services are transmitted upstream through the VP Ring
formed by imbedded optical ports in the UA5000.
Table 4-5 describes the VP Ring networking.
Table 4-5 VP Ring networking description
Item Description
Access network
topology
Backbone network: ring, ring with chain, and tangent
rings
Access network
equipment
UA5000 and MD5500 (optional)
Service stream
Narrowband services are emulated to ATM cells by the
CES. After that, they are transmitted together with
broadband services upstream to the central office
through the VP Ring.
Finally, services are transmitted to PSTN, DDN or ATM
network through the MD5500 or UA5000.

The VP Ring networking is of two levels. Services are converged in the access
network.
z When there are many remote nodes and subscribers, select the MD5500 in the
central office to converge services. One MD5500 supports up to three VP Rings.
z When there are a few remote nodes and subscribers, select the UA5000 to
converge services. One UA5000 supports only one VP Ring.
Figure 4-8 shows the VP Ring networking. The MD5500 can be replaced with the
UA5000.
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PSTN
ATM
VP Ring
DDN
STM-1/STM-4
E1
E1(V5)
STM-1
STM-1

Figure 4-8 VP Ring networking
The VP Ring networking has the following features.
z The VP Ring is formed by imbedded optical ports of the access network, which
shall reduce the cost.
z Broadband services and narrowband services are accessed and transmitted
together. The narrowband NMS and the broadband NMS are integrated.
Service data are totally multiplexed, which shall utilize fully the bandwidth.

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 5 Network Management Systems

5-1
Chapter 5 Network Management Systems
The UA5000 supports the command line interface (CLI) NMS and the graphical user
interface (GUI) NMS to provide powerful and flexible network management functions.
5.1 CLI NMS
Through the CLI NMS, you can manage the whole UA5000 system.
5.1.1 Maintenance mode
The CLI NMS is based on terminal programs of the operating system such as Telnet
and HyperTerminal. It does not require extra NMS software.
z To maintain the UA5000 through a serial port connection, you can use the
Windows HyperTerminal program.
z To maintain the UA5000 through Telnet session, you can use the Telnet client
software.
5.1.2 Features
The CLI NMS has the following features:
z Local and remote maintenance
z Hierarchical protection to prevent unauthorized access and operations
z Easy online help
z Intelligent match
z Retrieval of history commands
5.2 GUI NMS
The UA5000 provides the SNMP interface to communicate with the iManager N2000.
The iManager N2000 implements the management through GUI.
5.2.1 Structure of the iManager N2000
The iManager N2000 consists of NMS server and NMS client. They can communicate
through the LAN or WAN.
5.2.2 Functions of the iManager N2000
The iManager N2000 has powerful management functions, as follows.
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5-2
I. Comprehensive service management
The service management functions include:
z Device management
z Voice service management
z ATM connection management
z ADSL service management
z SHDSL service management
z IMA service management
z PVC management
z Traffic management
z CES management
z VP Ring service management
z Line test management
II. Easy topology management
The iManager N2000 provides a visual topological view to facilitate the device
management.
III. Powerful fault management
The iManager N2000 supports real time alarm, alarm filtering, alarm locating and
alarm relationship analysis.
IV. Flexible performance management
The iManager N2000 monitors the equipment performance data in real time. This
enables you to keep track of the current running status and performance status of the
network.
V. Strong security management
The iManager N2000 manages the network based on user authorities and domains. It
can divide users authorities based on operations and applications, and can manage
the device based on geographical areas or actual services.
5.3 NMS Networking Modes
The NMS server and the UA5000 can communicate through in-band or out-band
NMS channels. These two modes are usually used together to enhance the security
and flexibility of the NMS network.
In-band NMS means the maintenance messages are sent to the NMS through the
service channels of the managed device. Its advantages are flexible networking, no
extra equipment. While its disadvantage is that service channels are occupied by the
maintenance information with the result that the device failure cannot be solved in
time.
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Out-band NMS means that the NMS is connected with the managed device through
non-service channels. Compared with the in-band NMS, the out-band NMS can
provide more reliable management channel. Therefore, it can locate the network
equipment failure in time, and monitor the managed device in real time when a fault
occurs. The out-band NMS requires additional networking device to provide the
maintenance channel that is separated from the service channel.

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Chapter 6 Technical Specifications

6-1
Chapter 6 Technical Specifications
6.1 Equipment Dimensions
Table 6-1 Dimensions of the UA5000 cabinets and frames
Equipment Specification
ONU-F01D100 875 x 400 x 950
ONU-F01D200 1250 x 550 x 1200
ONU-F01D500 1550 x 550 x 1550
ONU-F01D1000 1900 x 550 x 1650
ONU-F02A 600 x 600 x 2200
Cabinet
dimensions
(Width x Depth x
Height, mm)
ONU-F02AF 600 x 600 x 2200
HABA/HABB 482 x 420 x 355
HABD/HABE/HABF 482 x 370 x 444
Frame
dimensions
(Width x Depth x
Height, mm)
HABL 310 x 370 x 444

6.2 Performance Specifications
Table 6-2 lists the system performance specifications, and Table 6-3 lists the port
specifications.
6.2.1 System Performance Specifications
Table 6-2 System performance specifications
Item Index
Narrowband
TDM switching capacity
PVU8/PVU4: 4k x 4k
PVM: 8k x 8k
Max. V5 interfaces 16
Max. trunk ports 112 E1 ports
Max. subscriber number
(POTS and ISDN)
4000
Max. SPC number 512
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6-2
Item Index
HDLC 48
Call processing capacity 40k BHCA
VoIP
DSP channel number 384
Max. number of subscribers 960
Call processing capacity 15 CAPS
Broadband (using the APMB card)
ATM switch capacity 5 Gbit/s
Max. VP Ring number 1
Max. number of PVCs in one
frame
8000
Max. number of PVPs in one
frame
4000
Max. number of STM-1 ports 2
Max. number of ATM E3 ports 2
Max. number of IMA E1 ports 8
Max. number of CES E1 ports 32
Broadband (using the IPMB card)
Ethernet switching capacity 12.8 Gbit/s
Forwarding capacity Line speed forwarding
Max. number of GE ports 2
Max. number of FE ports
The IPMB card provides 6 ports, and each EAUA
card provides 8 ports.
VLAN number 4k
802.1p priority
Recognizing the 802.1p, and supporting 8
priorities and 4 PQ queues scheduling.
Trunk 5 trunk groups
MAC address number 16k
Multicast group number 1k
Typical forward delay 40 s
Clock
Clock stratum Stratum 3
Backplane
Backplane bus capacity 100 Gbit/s
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6-3
6.2.2 Port Specifications
Table 6-3 Port specifications
Port Port type Port number per card
10 M/100 M maintenance
network port
1
Local configuration serial
port
1 Management port
Environment monitor serial
port
1
8
TDM E1
4
IMA E1 8
ATM E3 2
STM-1 ATM 2
VP Ring 2
1
FE electrical port
2
FE optical port 2
Network port
GE optical port 2
POTS 32, 16
ISDN BRI 8
ISDN PRI 16
2B1Q 8
E1 2
CES E1 16
V.35 2
V.24 3
N 64 k 2
2-wire audio port 16
4-wire audio port 8
FXO 16
E&M 6
ADSL 32, 16
Service port
ADSL2+ 32, 16
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6-4
Port Port type Port number per card
VDSL 16
TDM SHDSL 2, 4
ATM SHDSL 16

FE 8

6.2.3 Service Features and Specifications
Table 6-4 IP service features
Category Feature Index
Address self-learning Compliant with IEEE 802.1D
MAC
address
Number of the address
lists
16k
VLAN number of the
whole system
4k
Common VLAN
supporting
z Supporting the port-based VLAN
z Supporting the 802.1P-based VLAN
z Supporting the VLAN TRUNK
Smart VLAN
z One VLAN corresponds to multiple
PVCs (up to 4k PVCs)
z The whole system supports 4k Smart
VLAN.
MUX VLAN
z One subscriber corresponds to one
PVC.
z The whole system supports 4 k MUX
VLAN.
Super VLAN
The whole system supports 16 Super
VLANs.
Stack VLAN
Supporting the encapsulation of the
top-layer VLAN for the message with the
VLAN header
VLAN
QinQ
Supporting the encapsulation of the
second-layer VLAN for the subscriber
message
Multicast protocol
The IGMP proxy supports IGMP V2,
compatible with V1 and V3.
Multicast interface
z Multicast bandwidth: 2 GE
z Supporting the separated or
combined upstream transmission of
unicast stream and multicast stream
Multicast
Multicast group 1024
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6-5
Multicast authority
template
1024
Number of multicast
groups a subscriber can
be added to
8
Controlled multicast
z Multicast source control
z Subscriber authority management,
including preview, authorized and
unauthorized
z Supporting the multicast statistics

STB authentication Supporting the DHCP Option82
Layer 3 router transfer NA
Layer 3
feature
Router protocol
Static route and dynamic route (including
RIPV2/OSPF)
PVC to VLAN NA
PPPoA to PPPoE NA
Subscriber
protocol
conversion
IPOA to IPoE NA
Traffic categorization
Supporting the stream categorization
based on the following parameters:
z Port, source and sink MAC addresses
z Source/sink IP address
z Source/sink port number
z TCP/UDP protocol type
802.1p NA
802.3x stream control NA
CAR
z Configuring the CAR based on the
subscriber PVC
z Configuring both the upstream and
the downstream CAR
z The graininess is 64 kbps. The
minimum is 64 k and the maximum is
128 M.
QoS
Queue scheduling
z Four queue priorities
z Supporting the PQ scheduling
z Supporting the WRR scheduling
Subscriber layer 2
isolation
Layer 2 PVC/VLAN isolation
IP address binding
Supporting the binding of IP + MAC +
Subscriber PVC. Each subscriber PVC
can be bound with up to eight IP +
MAC.
Security
MAC address number
restriction
The MAC address number for each
subscriber ranges 1255.
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6-6
MAC address list query
Inputting the MAC address to locate the
subscriber port quickly.
Multicast group
restriction
Restricting the number of the multicast
groups that each subscriber can access.
Multicast suppression
z Suppression of broadcast message,
unknown unicast message and
unknown multicast message.
z Supporting the suppression traffic
adjustment by the traffic percentage.
DHCP Option82
During the STB authentication,
subscriber port information can be
contained in the DHCP message and
sent to the DHCP Server/BRAS.
PPPoE Relay Agent
(PPPoE+)
During the PPPoE authentication,
subscriber port information can be
contained in the PPPoE message and
sent to the BRAS.

ARP Proxy supporting
z Enabling or disabling the function
setting
z Prohibiting the interconnection of
subscribers in one layer-3 interface
z Permitting the interconnection of
subscribers in one layer-3 interface
through the ARP proxy
STP/RSTP
Compliant with IEEE 802.1D and IEEE
802.1w
Port convergence Compliant with IEEE 802.3ad
Others
Port mirror Supporting the FE port mirror

Table 6-5 ATM service features
PVC connection number 8000 ATM
connection
number
PVP connection number 4000
ATM
adaptation
layer
AAL1/AAL5 NA
OAM F4/F5 NA
ATM-QOS Service type
TM4.0, supporting CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR
and UBR.
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6-7

Traffic shaping
z UPC
z Intelligent packet discarding:
EPD/PPD
z Queue scheduling algorithm: WRR

Table 6-6 AG service features
Gateway control protocol H.248/MGCP
Protocol
Voice coding/decoding
G.711 (A-law/-law), G.723.1 and
G.729 (A/B)
Basic and supplementary
PSTN services
NA
Supporting the transparent
fax and T.38 fax service
NA
Supporting the transparent
transmission Modem service
Supporting the VBD Modem
service
The VBD Modem uses the G.711
transparent transmission mode. It also
uses the redundant message
mechanism to reduce the packet
losing and jitter.
Supporting the self-switching
When the connection between
UA5000 and SoftSwitch is interrupted,
subscribers of one UA5000 can call
each other.
Supporting the hairpin
connection under the
SoftSwitch control
The call between subscribers of one
UA5000 is switched over the TDM
switching network. It does not occupy
the DSP resource.
Supporting the 12KC/16KC
billing and the reversal
polarity billing
NA
Supporting the message
indicator
NA
Service
ISDN-BRI NA
Supporting the TOS/DSCP
label
NA
801.1Q NA
QoS
802.1p NA
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6-8

Voice quality technology
The following technologies are
provided:
z Voice activation detection (VAD)
z Comfortable noise generation
(CNG)
z Jitter buffer dynamic adjustment
z Echo cancellation (compliant with
ITU-T G.165/G.168)
z Packet losing compensation
z DTMF detection/generation
z Optional TX/RX gain control
Voice
index
Quality index
Objective voice assessment:
z When the network condition is
good enough, the PSQM average
is less than 1.5.
z When the network condition is bad,
the PSQM is less than 1.8. In the
bad network condition, the packet
losing ratio is 1%, the jitter is 20 ms
and the time delay is 100 ms.
z When the network condition is the
worst, the PSQM is less than 2.0.
In the worst network condition, the
packet losing ratio is 5%, the jitter
is 60 ms and the time delay is
400ms.
Subjective voice assessment:
z When the network condition is
good enough, the MOS is greater
than 4.0.
z When the network condition is bad,
the MOS is greater than 3.5. In the
bad network condition, the packet
losing ratio is 1%, the jitter is 20 ms
and the time delay is 100 ms.
z When the network condition is the
worst, the MOS is greater than 3.0.
In the worst network condition, the
packet losing ratio is 5%, the jitter
is 60 ms and the time delay is
400 ms.
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6-9
Time delay index
Coding/decoding time delay:
z G.729<150 ms
z G.723.1<200 ms
IP packet transfer time delay:
z Time delay for packets with less
than 1516 bytes<0.5 ms.
z RTCP detection time delay=1 s
z Anti-jitter time delay80 ms
z Jitter time delay<10 ms

Coding ratio
G.729: 8 kbit/s
G.723: 5.3 kbit/s, 6.3 kbit/s
Coding switchover time Coding switchover time<60ms
Other
features
Call connection ratio
In the favorable network:
z Call connection ratio>99%
z One-hour call holding
capability>99%
Supporting the SoftSwitch
dual homing
NA
Supporting the
active/standby PVM cards
The active/standby switchover will not
interrupt services.
Supporting the loading
sharing of the DSP resource
The DSP resources in two PVM cards
use the load-sharing mode.
Reliability
1+1 backup for upstream
interfaces
Upstream interfaces of two PVM cards
use the 1+1 active/standby mode.
SNTP NA
Other
protocols
RTCP NA

Table 6-7 Terminal and line test features
ADSL EOC channel
management
Supporting the MT800 management at
present
Terminal
management
Voice
coding/decoding
G.711, G.723.1 and G.729
Narrowband
line test
Subscriber line test
Test items:
z POTS loop line and card circuit, test card
self detection, call emulation, telephone
test and external meter test
z ISDN loop line and card circuit, terminal
test and external meter test
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6-10
Broadband line
capturing
Capturing card circuits and loop lines. The
backplane or TSSB card provides the test
interface.
External DMM test
Testing the voltage, resistance, capacitance,
loop resistance and reverse polarity
resistance for the loop line through the TSSB
card.
Single ended loop
testing
The ADSL2+ chipset integrates the single
ended loop testing (SELT).
The NMS tests the parameters of physical
line length, signal to noise ratio, maximum
rate to support the service pre-deployment
test.
CO emulation
The CO emulation test is conducted under
the help of the TSSB card. Use an auxiliary
port at the CO to replace the original port to
test the terminal.
External CQT test
Through its test interface, the external CQT
meter tests the broadband line.
The test items are as follows:
z Frequency response (FR) test
z Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) test
z Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) test
z Noise test
z Longitudinal balance
Providing interfaces for external test meters
Broadband
line test
Meter test
The following parameters are read through
the test:
z Loop Length
z Loop Termination
z Loop Gauge
z Upstream and Downstream Shannon
Capacity
z Inband Noise
z Termination Response
z Upstream and Downstream Rate vs
Margin

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6-11
6.3 Port Standards
Table 6-8 lists the port standards.
Table 6-8 Port standards
Port Standards
V5.1 ITU-T G.964
V5.2 ITU-T G.965
STM-1
ITU-T G.707 (SDH-frame), ITU-T G.958 (Automatic Laser
Shutdown), ITU-T G.783 (RSOH+MSOH handling), ITU-T
I.432.1
VP Ring ITU-T I.630
FE IEEE 802.3u
GE IEEE 802.3z
E1 Physical layer: ITU-T G.703; frame structure: ITU-T G.704
E3 ITU-T G.703, ITU-T G.704, ITU-T G.823
V.35 ITU-T V.35, ITU-T V.24, ISO2593 (M34)
IMA AF-PHY-0086.000, AF-PHY-0086.001
POTS
ITU-T Recommendation Q.552 Transmission characteristics at
2-wire analogue interfaces of digital exchanges
ISDN 2B+D
ITU-T G.960, ITU-T G.961, ITU-T I.430, ITU-T Q.921, ITU-T
Q.931
ISDN 30B+D ITU-T G.962, ITU-T I.431, ITU-T Q.921, ITU-T Q.931
2B1Q ITU-T G.961
Co-directional 64
kbit/s
ITU-T G.703
V.24 ITU-T V.28, ITU-T V.24, ISO2110 (DB25)
E&M trunk Bell V type, A law for the PCM, ITU-T G.711
2/4-wire voice
frequency
ITU-T G.712
10/100Base-T
IEEE 802.2, IEEE 802.3x, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.1Q, ITU-T
I.363.5, ITU-T I.370
CES
ITU-T G.703 for physical layer; ITU-T G.704 for E1 frame
structure; ITU-T I.363.1 for AAL1 service adaptation
ADSL
ITU-T G.992.1(G.dmt), ITU-T G.992.2 (G.lite), ITU-T G.992.3,
ITU-T G.992.4, ANSI T1.413
ADSL2+ G.992.5
VDSL ITU-T G.993.1
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6-12
Port Standards
SHDSL ITU-T G.991.2
RS-232 ITU-T V.24, ITU-T V.28

The following describes the detailed standards of each port.
6.3.1 STM-1 Optical Port
I. General characteristics
Table 6-9 General characteristics of the STM-1 optical port
Attribute Description
Rate 155 Mbit/s
Format STM-1, ATM Over SDH
Category
Intermediate SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)
OC3 SDH STM-1 (S1.1) compatible
Mode Single-mode/multi-mode
Transmission distance
Single-mode: 30 km, 60 km
Multi-mode: 2 km
Central wavelength 1310 nm
Connector SC
Optical port standard SAMI port

II. Optical port parameters
Table 6-10 shows the specifications for the single-mode STM-1 optical port.
Table 6-10 Specifications for the single-mode STM-1 optical port
Item Unit Value
Nominal bit rate kbit/s 155520
Operating wavelength range nm 12611360
Transmitter at
reference
point S
Optical source type NA MLM
Maximum RMS spectral
width ()
nm 7.7
Transmitter at
reference
point S
Maximum 20 dB spectral
width
nm NA
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6-13
Item Unit Value
Minimum side mode
suppression ratio
dB NA
Mean launched power NA NA
Maximum mean launched
power
dBm 8
Minimum mean launched
power
dBm 15
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2
Attenuation range dB 012
Maximum dispersion ps/nm 96
Minimum optical return loss
of cable plant at S,
including any removable
connectors
dB NA
Optical path
between S
and R
Maximum discrete
reflectance between S and
R
dB NA
Minimum sensitivity dBm 28
Minimum overload dBm 8
Maximum optical path
penalty
dB 1
Receiver at
reference
point R
Maximum reflectance of
receiver, measured at R
dB NA

Table 6-11 shows the specifications for the multi-mode STM-1 optical port.
Table 6-11 Specifications for the multi-mode STM-1 optical port
Item Unit Value
Optical source type NA LED
Maximum RMS spectral
width ()
nm 58
Maximum 20 dB spectral
width
nm NA
Minimum side mode
suppression ratio
dB NA
Transmitter
at
reference
point S
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6-14
Item Unit Value
power
dBm 14
power
dBm 23.5

Minimum extinction ratio dB 35
Maximum dispersion ps/nm NA
Minimum optical return
loss of cable plant at S,
including any removable
connectors
dB NA
Optical
path
between S
and R
Maximum discrete
reflectance between S and
R
dB NA
Maximum optical path
penalty
dB NA
Receiver at
reference
point R
dB NA

III. Mean launched power
The mean launched optical power means the average power of a pseudo-random
data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter measured at reference point S.
Table 6-12 shows the specifications for the mean launched power of the optical port.
Table 6-12 Specifications for the mean launched power of the optical port
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
Single-mode 15 to 8 11.0
STM-1
Multi-mode NA 19

IV. Extinction ratio
Extinction ratio is the ratio of average optical power of the reflected optical signal
against that of unreflected optical signal under the worst reflection and full modulation.
Table 6-13 shows the specifications for the extinction ratio of the optical port.
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6-15
Table 6-13 Specifications for the extinction ratio
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dB )
Equipment typical
value (dB)
Single-mode > 8.2 10.5
STM-1
Multi-mode NA 35

V. Receiver sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum mean optical power received at
reference point R to achieve the BER of 110
-10
. Table 6-14 shows the specifications
for the receiver sensitivity of the optical port.
Table 6-14 Specifications for the receiver sensitivity
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
Single-mode < 28 37
STM-1
Multi-mode NA 30

VI. Receiver overload optical power
Receiver overload power is the maximum acceptable value of the average optical
power received at reference point R to achieve the BER of 110
-10
. Table 6-15 shows
the specifications for the receiver overload power of the optical port.
Table 6-15 Specifications for the receiver overload power
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
Single-mode > 8 5
STM-1
Multi-mode NA 14

VII. Permitted frequency deviation of optical input port
Permitted frequency deviation of the optical input port means that the long-time
frequency stability of the internal oscillator of the regenerator running in the free-run
mode shall be equal to or greater than 20 10
-6
. The purpose is to ensure that the
downstream SDH equipment can still work normally when receiving such signals.
Table 6-16 shows the specifications for the permitted frequency deviation of the
optical input port.
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6-16
Table 6-16 Specifications for the permitted frequency deviation of the optical input
port
Equipment typical value (ppm)
STM level of
optical port
Standard
requirement
(ppm)
Positive frequency
deviation
Negative frequency
deviation
STM-1 20 +50 50

VIII. AIS rate of optical output port
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) rate of the optical output port refers to the AIS rate
outputted from the output port to the downstream in the case of failures such as loss
of signals of SDH optical input port. Table 6-17 shows the specifications for the AIS
rate of the optical output port.
Table 6-17 Specifications for the AIS rate of the optical output port
STM level of optical
port
Standard requirement
(ppm)
Equipment typical value
(ppm)
STM-1 20 1

6.3.2 155 Mbit/s Electric Port
I. Signal rate tolerance of output port
The signal rate tolerance of the output port means the deviation between the output
signal rate and the nominal bit rate measured when the AIS is outputted.
Table 6-18 shows the requirements of signal rate tolerance of the 155 Mbit/s output
electric port.
Table 6-18 Signal rate tolerance of the output port
Electric port type Standard requirement (ppm)
155520 kbit/s 20

II. Permitted attenuation of input port
The cable used to connect the equipment (complying with the rule of f ) has a
certain signal loss. It is required that signals after the loss shall be received by the
input port of the equipment correctly. Table 6-19 shows the permitted attenuation
requirements of the input 155 Mbit/s electric port.
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6-17
Table 6-19 Permitted attenuation of the input port
Electric port type Standard requirement (dB)
155520 kbit/s 012.7

III. Permitted frequency deviation of input port
The input permitted frequency deviation means the maximum of the permitted
deviation of the input signal bit rate of the digital input port. Table 6-20 shows the
requirements of permitted frequency deviation of the input 155 Mbit/s electric port.
Table 6-20 Permitted frequency deviation of the input port
155520 kbit/s 20

IV. Protection switching time of port
STM-1 electric port has the protection function. The switching time indicates the
service interruption time when switching occurs. Table 6-21 shows the requirements
of protection switching time of the port.
Table 6-21 Switching time
155520 kbit/s 50

V. Reflection attenuation of input and output ports
The reflection attenuation of the input and output ports defines the nominal
impedance of the port and the reflection attenuation. Table 6-22 shows the
requirements of reflection attenuation of both input and output ports.
Table 6-22 Reflection attenuation of both input and output ports
Electric port type
Test frequency
range
Reflection
attenuation (dB)
Impedance
()
155520 kbit/s 8000240000 15 75

VI. Output jitter of port
The output jitter of port means the inherent jitter of the output port if the synchronous
port has no input jitter with the test time over 60 seconds.
Table 6-23 shows the requirements of output jitter of the 155 Mbit/s electric port.
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6-18
Table 6-23 Output jitter of the output port
Output jitter of electric port (UI-pp)
STM port level
B1 (f1 - f4) B2 (f3 - f4)
STM-1 1.5 0.075

VII. Input jitter of port
The input jitter of port means the input jitter that the SDH line terminal and regenerator
can tolerate at least and that will not cause the decrease of the performance.
Table 6-24 and Table 6-25 show the requirements of input jitter tolerance of the 155
Mbit/s electric port.
Table 6-24 Input jitter tolerance
Jitter tolerance
STM port
level
Jitter
frequency f1
Jitter
frequency f2
Jitter
frequency f3
Jitter frequency
f4
STM-1 1.5 1.5 0.15 0.15

Table 6-25 Frequency of the jitter measurement filter
STM port level f1 (Hz) F2 (kHz) f3 (kHz) f4 (MHz)
STM-1 500 6.5 65 1.3

6.3.3 STM-4 Optical Port
Table 6-26 General characteristics of the STM-4 optical port
Rate 622 Mbit/s
Format STM-4, ATM Over SDH
Category Intermediate SONET OC12C SDH STM-4C compatible
Mode Single-mode
Connector SC

Technical Manual

6-19
II. Optical port parameters
Table 6-27 lists the parameters for the STM-4 optical port.
Table 6-27 Parameters for the STM-4 optical port
Item Unit Value
Optical source type NA MLM
Maximum RMS spectral width
()
nm 2.5
Max. -20dB spectral width nm NA
Minimum side mode
suppression ratio
dB NA
power
dBm 8
power
dBm 15
Transmitter
at
reference
Point S
Minimum extinction ratio dB 8.2
Maximum dispersion ps/nm 74
Minimum optical return loss of
cable plant at S (including any
removable connectors)
dB NA
Optical
path
between S
and R
Maximum discrete reflectance
between S and R
dB NA
Maximum optical path penalty dB 1
Receiver at
reference
point R
dB NA

III. Mean launched power
The mean launched optical power indicates the mean power of a pseudo-random
data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter measured at reference point S.
Table 6-28 shows the specifications for the mean launched power of the optical port.
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6-20
Table 6-28 Specifications for the mean launched power
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
STM-4 S-4.1 15 to 8 13.5

IV. Extinction ratio
Extinction ratio is the ratio of average optical power of the reflected optical signal
against that of unreflected optical signal under the worst reflection and full modulation.
Table 6-29 shows the specifications for the extinction ratio of the optical port.
Table 6-29 Specifications for the extinction ratio
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dB )
Equipment typical
value (dB)
STM-4 S-4.1 > 8.2 8.5

V. Receiver sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum mean received optical power at
reference point R to achieve the BER of 110
-10
. Table 6-30 shows the specifications
for the receiver sensitivity of the optical port.
Table 6-30 Specifications for the receiver sensitivity
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
STM-4 S-4.1 <28 30

VI. Receiver overload optical power
Receiver overload power is the maximum acceptable value of the average optical
power received at reference point R to achieve the BER of 110
-10
. Table 6-31 shows
the specifications of receiver overload power of the optical port.
Table 6-31 Specifications of the receiver overload power
STM level of
optical port
Optical port
type
Standard
requirement
(dBm)
Equipment typical
value (dBm)
STM-4 S-4.1 >8 >4
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6-21
VII. Permitted frequency deviation of optical input port
The permitted frequency deviation means the long-time frequency stability of the
internal oscillator of the regenerator running in the free-run mode must not be less
than 20 10
-6
. The purpose is to ensure that the downstream SDH equipment can
still work normally when receiving such signals. Table 6-32 shows the specifications
for the permitted frequency deviation of the optical input port.
Table 6-32 Specifications for the permitted frequency deviation of the optical input
port
Equipment typical value (ppm)
STM level of
optical port
Standard
requirement
(ppm)
Positive
frequency
deviation
Negative frequency
deviation
STM-4 20 +50 50

VIII. AIS rate of optical output port
AIS rate of the optical output port refers to the AIS rate outputted from the output port
to the downstream in case of such failures as loss of signal at SDH equipment input
port. Table 6-33 shows the specifications of AIS rate of the optical output port.
Table 6-33 Specifications for the AIS rate of the optical output port
STM level of optical
port
Standard requirement
(ppm)
Equipment typical value
(ppm)
STM-4 20 1

6.3.4 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Port
Table 6-34 General characteristics of the gigabit Ethernet optical port
Rate 1000 Mbit/s
Format 1000Base-FX, 1000Base-SX and 1000Base-LX
Single-mode: 10 km, 40 km and 70 km
Multi-mode: 500 m
Central wavelength
Single-mode: 1310 and 1550
Multi-mode: 850
Technical Manual

6-22
Connector SC
Connector type LC
Compliant standard IEEE 802.3z
Optical port standard GPCS port

II. Multi-mode technical specifications
z Transmitter optical features
Refer to Table 6-35 (the environment temperature is 0
C70
C).
Table 6-35 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical transmitter
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit Note
Output optical power
50/125m, NA=0.20
optical fiber
P
OUT
9.5 NA 4
dBm
(Average)
Note 1
62.5/125m, NA=0.20
optical fiber
P
OUT
9.5 NA 4
dBm
(Average)
Note 1
Extinction ratio P
hi
/P
lo
9 NA NA dB Note 2
Central wavelength
C
830 850 860 nm NA
Spectral width RMS NA NA 0.85 nm NA
Optical pulse rise/fall
duration
t
r
/t
f
NA NA 0.26 ns
Notes
3 and
4
RIN12 NA NA NA 117 dB/Hz NA
Coupling power ratio CPR 9 NA NA dB Note 5
Total jitter of
transmitter at point
TP2
NA NA NA 227 ps Note 6

z Receiver optical features
C70
C).
Technical Manual

6-23
Table 6-36 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s multi-mode optical receiver
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit Note
Input optical power P
IN
17 NA 0
dBm
(Average)
Note 7
Strain gauge type
receiver sensitivity
62.5m
50m
NA NA
12.5
13.5
dBm
(Average)
NA
TP4 point strain
gauge type
receiver eye
pattern openness
NA 201 NA NA ps Note 6
Central operating
wavelength

C
770 NA 860 nm NA
End frequency on
receiver 3dB
bandwidth
NA NA NA 1500 MHz Note 8
Return loss NA 12 NA NA dB Note 9

Note 1: The maximum output optical power is in compliance with the IEEE 802.3z
specifications and meets the first type laser human eye safety considerations.
Note 2: Extinction ratio is the ratio of average output optical power of output code 0
to that of output code 1 of the transmitter.
Note 3: 20%80% value without filtering.
Note 4: Laser pulse effect feature can be provided by the eye pattern. The output
wave shape meets the requirements of the part 38.6.5 of the IEEE 802.3 z about eye
pattern mask.
Note 5: CPR is measured according to the standards in the part 38.6.10 of the IEEE
802.3 z and the EIA/TIA-526-14A.
Note 6: P is the turning point defined in the part 38.2.1 of the IEEE 802.3 z.
Note 7: Receiver sensitivity is sampled in the center of the eye pattern and measured
on the condition of worst extinction ratio deterioration.
Note 8: Receiver 3dB bandwidth is measured using the indexes listed in the part
38.6.11 of the IEEE 802.3 z.
Note 9: Return loss is defined as the minimum loss of the received optical power in
reflecting in the optical fiber.
III. Single-mode 10 km technical specifications
z Transmitter optical features
C70
C).
Technical Manual

6-24
Table 6-37 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical transmitter
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit Note
Output optical
power
9mm SMF
P
OUT
9.5 NA 3
dBm
(Average)
Note 1
Output optical
power
62.5/125mm
MMF
50mm MMF
P
OUT
11.5
11.5
NA
3
3
dBm
(Average)
Note 1
Extinction
ratio
P
hi
/P
lo
9 NA NA dB Note 2
Central
wavelength

C
1285 1310 1343 nm NA
Spectral width
RMS
RMS
NA NA 2.8 nm NA
Optical pulse
rise/fall
duration
t
r
/t
f
NA NA 0.26 ns
Notes 3
and 4
RIN12 NA NA NA 120 dB/Hz NA
Total jitter of
transmitter at
TP2
NA NA NA 227 ps Note 5

z Receiver optical features
C70
C).
Table 6-38 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode optical receiver
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typic
al
value
Max.
value
Unit Note
Input optical
power
P
IN
20 NA 3
dBm
(Average)
Note 6
Strain gauge
type receiver
sensitivity
NA NA NA 14.4
dBm
(Average)
NA
TP4 point
strain gauge
type receiver
eye pattern
openness
NA 201 NA NA ps Note 5
Technical Manual

6-25
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typic
al
value
Max.
value
Unit Note
Central
operating
wavelength

C
1270 NA 1355 nm NA
End frequency
on receiver
3dB bandwidth
NA NA NA 1500 MHz Note 7
Return loss NA 12 NA NA dB Note 8

Note 1: The maximum output optical power complies with the IEEE 802.3z
specifications and meets the first type laser human eye safety considerations.
Note 2: Extinction ratio is the ratio of average output optical power of output code 0
to that of output code 1 of transmitter.
Note 3: 20%-80% value without filtering.
Note 4: Laser pulse effect feature can be provided by the eye pattern. The output
wave shape meets the requirements of part 38.6.5 of the IEEE 802.3 z about eye
pattern mask.
Note 5: TP is the turning point defined in part 38.2.1 of the IEEE 802.3 z.
Note 6: Receiver sensitivity is sampled in the center of the eye pattern and measured
on the condition of worst extinction ratio deterioration.
Note 7: Receiver 3dB bandwidth is measured according to the indexes listed in part
38.6.11 of the IEEE 802.3 z.
Note 8: Return loss is defined as the minimum loss of the received optical power in
reflecting in the optical fiber.
IV. Single-mode 40 km/70 km technical specifications
Table 6-39 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode 40 km port transmitter
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Output optical
power 40 mm
P
OUT
4 NA 1 dBm
Extinction ratio P
hi
/P
lo
9 NA NA dB
Central
wavelength

C
1480 1550 1580 nm
Spectral width
RMS
20
NA NA 1.0 nm

Technical Manual

6-26
Table 6-40 Parameters for the 1000 Mbit/s single-mode 40 km/70 km port transmitter
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Minimum input
optical power
(40 mm)
P
min
21 NA 24 dBm
Maximum input
optical power
P
max
3 NA NA dBm
Strain gauge
type receiver
sensitivity (40
km)
NA NA NA 21 NA
TP4 point strain
gauge type
receiver eye
pattern
openness
NA 201 NA NA ps
Central
wavelength

C
1100 NA 1600 nm
End frequency
on receiver 3dB
bandwidth
NA NA NA 1500 MHz
Return loss NA 12 NA NA dB

6.3.5 Fast Ethernet Optical Port
Table 6-41 General characteristics of the fast Ethernet optical port
Rate 100 Mbit/s
Format 100Base-FX
Single-mode: 15 km
Multi-mode: 2 km
Central wavelength 1310 nm
Connector MTRJ
Connector type LC
Compliant standard IEEE 802.3u
Technical Manual

6-27
II. Multi-mode technical parameters
Table 6-42 lists the parameters of the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port.
Table 6-42 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet multi-mode optical port
(transmitting)
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
BOL
62.5/125m, NA=0.275
EOL
P
O

19
20
15.7 14 dBm
BOL
62.5/125m, NA=0.20
EOL
P
O

22.5
22.5
NA 14 dBm
Extinction ratio P
hi
/P
lo
NA
0.05
50
0.2
35
%
dB
"0" code output optical
power
P
O
(0) NA NA 45
dBm
(Average)
Central wavelength
c
1270 1308 1380 nm
Spectral width - FWHM
-RMS
NA
147
63
NA nm
Optical pulse rise
duration
t
r
0.6 1.2 3 ns
Optical pulse fall
duration
t
f
0.6 2 3 ns
Transmitter system jitter SJ NA 0.04 1.2 ns p-p
Transmitter random
jitter
RJ NA 0 0.52 ns p-p

III. Single-mode technical parameters
Table 6-43 and Table 6-44 list the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-mode optical port
parameters.
Table 6-43 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-node optical port
(transmitting)
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Supply current Icc NA 50 120 mA
Technical Manual

6-28
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Power consumption P
DISS
NA 0.17 0.42 W
Output optical power P
O
15 NA 8
dBm
(Averag
e)
Central wavelength 1261 NA 1360 nm
Spectral width NA NA 7.7 nm
Extinction ratio Er 8.2 NA NA dB
Output optical eye
pattern
In compliance with the requirement for eye pattern mask in
Bellcore TR-NWT-000253 and ITU G.957
Recommendation
Optical pulse rise
duration
t
R
NA NA 2 ns
Optical pulse fall
duration
t
F
NA NA 2 ns
Data input current
(low)
I
iL
200 NA NA mA
Data input current
(high)
I
iH
NA NA 200 mA
Data input voltage
(low level)
V
iL
-V
cc
1.81 NA 1.48 V
Data input voltage
(high level)
V
iH
-V
cc
1.17 NA 0.88 V

Table 6-44 Parameters for the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet single-mode optical port
(receiving)
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Supply current I
cc
NA 75 100 mA
Power consumption P
DISS
NA 0.26 0.35 W
Sensitivity of
receiver in the
center of eye pattern
P
IN

Min
(C) NA NA 31.8
dBm
(Average)
Sensitivity of
receiver at the edge
of eye view
P
IN

Min
(W)
NA NA 31
dBm
(Average)
Maximum input
optical power
P
IN

Max
8 NA NA
dBm
(Average)
Technical Manual

6-29
Parameter Icon
Min.
value
Typical
value
Max.
value
Unit
Operating
wavelength
1261 NA 1360 Nm
Data output voltage
(low)
V
ol
-V
cc
1.84 NA 1.62 V
Data output voltage
(high)
V
oH
-V
cc
1.04 NA 0.88 V
Signal monitor
output voltage (low)
V
ol
-V
cc
1.84 NA 1.62 V
Signal monitor
output voltage (high)
V
oH
-V
cc
1.04 NA 0.88 V
Signal monitor
alarm start
P
A
P
D
+1.5d
B
NA 34
dBm
(Average)
Signal monitor
alarm - close
P
D
45 NA NA
dBm
(Average)
Signal monitor
alarm delayed
P
A
-P
D
0.5 NA 4 dB
Signal monitor
alarm start time
(from 0 to 1)
AS_Max 0 NA 100 s
Signal monitor
alarm close time
(from 1 to 0)
ANS_Ma
x
0 NA 350 s
Power noise
suppression
PSNR NA NA 50 mV

6.3.6 Fast Ethernet Electric Port
Table 6-45 lists the general characteristics of the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet electrical port.
Table 6-45 General characteristics of the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet electrical port
Rate 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s compatible
Format 100Base-FX
Mode UTP/STP
Transmission distance 100 m
Connector RJ-45
Compliant standard IEEE 802.3u
Technical Manual

6-30

II. Parameters for FE electric port
1) Transmitter port parameters
z Transmitter differential output voltage
Differential output voltage is the difference between the voltage of both ends of the
balance circuit. The transmitter differential output voltage is the voltage difference
between the differential line TD+ and TD-. The specifications of the transmitter
differential output voltage of Fast Ethernet port are:
STP: 1165 mV V
out
1285 mV
UTP: 950 mV V
out
1050 mV
z Signal amplitude symmetry
Signal amplitude symmetry is the ratio of absolute value of + V
out
to that of V
out
. The
specification of the transmitter differential output voltage of Fast Ethernet port is:
02 . 1 98 . 0
out
out
V
V

z Impedance return loss
Impedance return loss indicates the impedance matching. The calculation formula is:
Xr=20lg|(Z+R)/(Z-R)|. Z is the actual impedance, and R is the nominal impedance.
The nominal impedance of UTP is 100, and that of STP is 150. The impedance
return loss of the Fast Ethernet port in the range of 2.0 MHz80 MHz meets the
following requirements:
2 MHz30 MHz: >16 dB
30 MHz60 MHz: >1620 log (f/30) dB f: frequency (unit: MHz)
60 MHz80 MHz: >10 dB
z Signal edge rise/fall duration
The rise duration refers to the time needed for signal voltage to rise from the base
voltage (normally 0) to steady-state value + V
out
or V
out
when a signal is transient.
The fall time refers to the time needed for signal voltage to fall from + V
out
/- V
out
to
base voltage when signal is transient. In general, the value is 10%90% of V
out
. The
rise and fall duration shall meet the following requirements:
3.0ns t
rise
/t
fall
5.0ns. The maximum difference between t
rise
and t
fall
shall be less
than 0.5ns.
z Wave shape overshoot
Wave shape overshoot reflects the relationship between the steady-state value V
out
and signal overshoot peak value V
over
(maximum change in relative to the
Technical Manual

6-31
steady-state value in jumping). The ratio of V
over
to V
out
meets the following technical
requirement:
V
over
is less than 5% of V
out
and attenuates to less than 1% within 8ns.
z Duty ratio distortion
Duty ratio distortion refers to the change of pulse width in the transmission process
due to the distortion and time delay. It changes the ratio of the pulse continuity
duration to the non-pulse continuity duration. The duty ratio distortion of the Fast
Ethernet port shall be less than 0.5ns.
z Jitter
The jitter of the FE port output shall be less than 0.5ns.
2) Receiver port parameters
z Receiver differential input
The receiver differential input shall meet the technical requirements about twisted pair
specified in the ANSI X3.263. For the UTP, there are 5 models available. Their
attenuations are 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the worst attenuation. For the STP,
only one attenuation value is available, which is 100% of the worst attenuation.
z Differential input impedance
This specification is represented by return impedance. The UTP nominal impedance
is 100, and the STP nominal impedance is 150. The impedance return loss in the
range of 2.0 MHz80 MHz shall meet the following requirements:
2 MHz30 MHz: >16 dB
30 MHz60 MHz: >1620log (f/30) dB f: frequency (unit. MHz)
60 MHz80 MHz: >10 dB
z Common-mode suppression ability
The input end shall resist the sinusoidal common-mode interference with the
frequency range of 0 MHz125 MHz and amplitude of 1.0 Vpp.
6.3.7 E1 Port
I. General characteristics of 2048 kbit/s electric port
z Bit rate: 2048 kbit/s
z Bit rate error tolerance: 50 ppm
z Code pattern: HDB3
II. Overvoltage protection at input port and output port
The input and output ports can remain undamaged under the following test: 10
standard electric pulses (1.2/50ms) with the maximum amplitude as UI (five negative
pulses and five positive pulses).
z Differential mode: U=20 V DC
Technical Manual

6-32
z Common mode: U=100 V DC
III. E1 port specifications
Table 6-46 lists the specifications of the output port.
Table 6-46 Specifications for the output port
Index Value
Pulse shape (nominal
shape: rectangle)
No matter what the symbol is, all of the marks of the
valid signals must be in compliance with the sample
in Figure 6-1 (in the figure, the V value corresponds
to the nominal peak value).
Pair in each transmission
direction
A coaxial pair A symmetric pair
Test load impedance 75 120
Nominal peak value voltage
of signal pulse
2.37 V 3 V
Peak value voltage of
vacant number (no pulse)
0 V 0.237 V 0 V 0.3 V
Nominal pulse width 244ns
Middle point of pulse,
amplitude ratio of positive
pulse to negative pulse
0.951.05
Nominal half amplitude,
width ratio of positive pulse
to negative pulse
0.951.05

The specifications of the input port are detailed as follows:
z Signal specifications
The digital signals at the input port must be in compliance with the pulse sample in
Figure 6-1, but can be changed according to the characteristics of the connected
pairs.
Technical Manual

6-33

Figure 6-1 Pulse sample of 2048 kbit/s port
z Attenuation permission
It shall be assumed that the attenuation of this kind of pair complies with the rule of
f
, and the attenuation on the frequency of 1024 Hz shall range 0 dB6 dB. This
attenuation value shall include all losses imported by the digital distribution frame
between the equipment.
z Reflection loss
The reflection loss of the input port shall be the minimum listed in Table 6-47.
Table 6-47 Reflection loss minimum of the input port
Frequency range (kHz) Reflection loss (dB)
51102 12
1022048 18
20483072 14

z Anti-interference ability
No error code shall be generated when the following interference signal is inputted.
The features of the interference signal are: it has the same nominal frequency, error
tolerance, wave shape and code pattern with those of the main signal, but these two
Technical Manual

6-34
signals are not from the same source. The ratio of the main signal against the
interference signal is 18 dB.
IV. Jitter and drift performance
z Jitter and drift tolerance of the digital input port
Figure 6-2 shows the input jitter and drift tolerance of the E1 port.
0
f
10
f
9
f
8
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
4
f
0
A
3
A
1
A
2
A
Peak-peak jitter and drift amplitude value
(Logarithm)
Characteristics of typical frame regulator
Slope is 20dB/10-time
frequency interval
Jitter frequency
(Logarithm)

Figure 6-2 Input jitter and drift tolerance
z Tributary mapping jitter
Table 6-48 lists the PDH tributary port at different rates prescribed by the ITU-T G.703
Recommendation and the mapping jitter specifications, and their corresponding test
filter characteristics. The response of the filter shall be rolled decreasingly at the 20
dB/10-time frequency interval.
Table 6-48 Mapping jitter generation specifications
Test filtering parameter
Maximum
peak-peak jitter
(mapping) ITU-T G.703
tributary
port rate
Bit rate
error
tolerance
f1 high
pass
f3 high
pass
f4 low
pass
f1-f4 f3-f4
2048 kbit/s 50ppm
20Hz2
0dB/dec
18Hz
(700Hz)
20dB/dec
100Hz2
0dB/dec
Unspec
-ified
0.075UI

z Tributary mapping and pointer adjustment
Table 6-49 lists the PDH tributary port, its corresponding combined jitter and test filter
prescribed by the ITU-T G.703 Recommendation.
Technical Manual

6-35
Table 6-49 Combined jitter generation specifications
Test filtering parameter
Maximum
peak-peak jitter
ITU-T
G.703
tributary
port rate
0 bit rate
error
tolerance
f1
high
pass
f3 high
pass
f4 low
pass
f1-f4 f3-f4
2048 kbit/s 50ppm
20Hz
20dB/
dec
18Hz
(700Hz)2
0dB/dec
100Hz2
0dB/dec
0.4UI 0.075UI

Figure 6-3 shows the typical pointer adjustment test sequence.
T1
T2 T3

(a) Single pointers with contrary polarities (b) Regular single pointers plus a double-pointer
T2 T3 T1 T3

(c) Regular single pointers with a pointer missed (d) Double-pointers with contrary polarities
Figure 6-3 Pointer sequence
Table 6-50 lists the requirements for the above parameters.
Table 6-50 Parameter requirements
T110s T110s
T2>0.75s T2=34ms For TU pointer
T3=2ms
For AU pointer
T3=0.5ms

6.3.8 E3 Port
Table 6-51 lists the specifications for the E3 port.
Table 6-51 Specifications for the E3 port
Index Value
Rate 34.368 Mbit/s
Line code HDB3
Technical Manual

6-36
Index Value
Compliant standard ITU-T G.823 G.824
Max. transmission distance 1200 feet
Input/output resistance 75

6.3.9 V.35 Port
I. Mechanical characteristics
The mechanical characteristics of the V.35 port are defined by the ISO2593, and the
34-core connector is used for the V.35 port.
II. Electric characteristics
The ITU-T Recommendation V.35 Appendix 2 defines the electrical characteristics of
the V.35 port clock and data signal as a balanced double current port circuit. The V.35
port control signal adopts the unbalanced double current port circuit defined by the
ITU-T Recommendation V.28.
As for the balanced double current port, the port line adopts the balanced twisted
multi-pair cable. The feature impedance is 80120, the signal source impedance
is in the range of 50150 and the load impedance is 10010. The normal
working voltage between two terminals of each balanced cable is 0.55V20%.
When the voltage of terminal A to B is positive (A>B), it is defined as binary data 0.
When it is negative (A<B), it is defined as 1. The ascending time of any status
change between 10% & 90% shall be less than 1% or 40ns of the signal code period
and shall take the smaller one as the limit. It shall not be damaged when the generator
or the load gets inadvertently connected with the ground electric potential or has short
circuit or crosses with other port circuits.
For the unbalanced double current port, the open circuit voltage of the signal source
shall be 25 V and the load impedance shall be in the range of 30007000. The
load capacitance shall be 2500 pF.
For the data circuit, when the voltage of the port point is less than 3 V, it is defined as
binary 1 and as 0 when it is more than +3 V. For the control and timing port circuit,
it is defined as ON when the voltage of the port point is more than +3 V and OFF
when it is lower than 3 V.
The point between +3 V and 3 V is defined as leap change point. The time for the
signal to pass the leap change point shall not exceed 1 ms or 3% of the bit code
period, and it will take the smaller one as the limiting factor.
Technical Manual

6-37
III. Functional characteristics
The functional characteristics of the V.35 port belong to one subset of the ITU-T
Recommendation V.24, including such functions as ground, control, clock and data.
Table 6-52 shows the definitions of these functions.
Table 6-52 Functional characteristics of the V.35 port
Functional
characteristics
M3
pinouts
Abbr. of
pinouts
function
V.24
circuit
number
Signal
flow
direction
Signal function
V RCA 115
DTEDC
E
Receiving clock
provided by DCE
A line
X RCB 115
DTE
DCE
Receiving clock
provided by DCE
B line
Y TCA 114
DTEDC
E
Transmitting
clock provided
by DCE A line
AA TCB 114
DTEDC
E
Transmitting
clock provided
by DCE B line
U ETCA 113
DTEDC
E
Transmitting
clock provided
by DTE A line
W ETCB 113
DTEDC
E
Transmitting
clock provided
by DTE B line
Clock circuit
R RDA 104
DTEDC
E
Receive data A
line
T RDB 104
DTEDC
E
Receive data B
line
P TDA 103
DTEDC
E
Transmit data A
line
Data circuit
S TDB 103
DTEDC
E
Transmit data B
line
A PG 101
DTEDC
E
Protection
ground
Ground wire
circuit
B SG 102
DTEDC
E
Signal ground,
providing DC
reference
electrical
potential
Control circuit C RTS 105
DTEDC
E
Request to send
Technical Manual

6-38
Functional
characteristics
M3
pinouts
Abbr. of
pinouts
function
V.24
circuit
number
Signal
flow
direction
Signal function
D CTS 106
DTEDC
E
Clear sending
E DSR 107
DTEDC
E
DCE ready
F DCD 109
DTE
DCE
Data carrier
detect
H DTR 108.2
DTEDC
E
DTE ready
J LL 141
DTEDC
E
Local loopback
K TM 142
DTE
DCE
Test mode
J RL 140
DTEDC
E
Remote
loopback/mainte
nance test

The following describes the functional characteristics.
Transmitting and Receiving in the signal flow direction is oriented on the DTE. If
the data is sent from the DTE, the circuit is called the data transmitting circuit,
although, from which, the DCE receives data.
The control circuit is designed for communication procedure and test procedure. The
DCD monitors the working state of the communication line and the DCE. The DCE
notifies the DTE its working state through the DSR, while the DTE notifies the DCE its
working state through the DTR. RTS and CTS are used to control the data
transmission between the DTE and the DCE. If the RTS is ON, it means the DTE
wants to send data. If the DCE accepts the DTEs request, you can set the CTS to
ON, and the DCE becomes ready to receiving data.
In the V.35 port, the DCE and/or the DTE shall provide the clock signal. This signal
shall be synchronized with the data circuit to ensure the accurate identification and
receiving of the data. Figure 6-4 shows the relationship between clock signal and data
on the circuit.

Figure 6-4 Relationship between clock signal and data on the circuit
The latter three test signal lines are not required when the equipment containing the
V.35 port supports the test function.
Technical Manual

6-39
IV. Procedure characteristics
The procedure characteristics of the V.35 port are defined in ITU-T Recommendation
V.24.
6.3.10 Z Port
The technical specifications of the Z port include impedance characteristics and
transmission specifications.
I. Impedance characteristics
The impedance characteristics of the Z port is expressed by return loss (RL). The
following describes the technical requirements for the impedance characteristics.
z Impedance return loss
For the impedance test network shown in Figure 6-5, the RL of the Z port shall meet
the requirements shown in Figure 6-6.
680 ohm or 560 ohm
200 ohm
0.1u

Figure 6-5 Impedance test network for Z port
300 500 2000 3400Hz
14
18
dB
Frequency
R
e
t
u
r
n

l
o
s
s

Figure 6-6 Minimum of return loss for the impedance test network
z Relative level at the port point
The input relative level at the port point is Li = 0 dBr.
The output relative level at the port point (Lo): Local call Lo = 3.5 dBr
Long distance call: Lo=7 dBr
Permitted deviation of relative level: 0.3 dB to +0.7dB (relative level at the input end)
+0.3 dB to 0.7 dB (relative level at the output end)
Technical Manual

6-40
z Unbalanced impedance to ground
The unbalanced impedance to ground reflects the unbalance of the impedance to the
ground of the two-wire ports respectively. The longitudinal conversion loss generated
at the analog 2-wire port point due to the unbalance to the ground shall meet the
requirements shown in Figure 6-7.
300 600 3400
40
46
10
20
30
dB
0
Hz
Frequency
L
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l

c
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n

l
o
s
s

Figure 6-7 Technical requirements for unbalanced impedance to ground
z Terminal balance return loss
The terminal balance return loss is the back wave generated due to the unbalanced
terminal network. The terminal balance return loss of the Z port impedance shall meet
the requirements shown in Figure 6-8. Meanwhile, under the terminal conditions
(including short circuit, open circuit, and sensibility terminal load) that possibly occur
when 2-wire port works normally, the terminal balance return loss of the Z port in the
range of 200 Hz to 3600 Hz shall be larger than 2 dB.
300 500 2500 3400Hz
16
20
dB
Frequency
T
e
r
m
i
n
a
l

b
a
l
a
n
c
e

r
e
t
u
r
n

l
o
s
s

Figure 6-8 Technical requirements for terminal balance return loss
II. Transmission specifications
The transmission specifications of the Z port in the case of semi-connection are given
below.
Technical Manual

6-41
z Port relative level
Definition: Level loss from input port to output port.
Specification: The relative level of the input connection (A-D) is usually 0 dB.
The local relative level of output connection (D-A) is 3.5 dB, and the long distance
one is 7 dB.
Permitted deviation of relative level: 0.3 dB to +0.7 dB (relative level at input end)
+0.3 dB to 0.7 dB (relative level at output end)
z Frequency loss distortion
Definition: The attenuation deviation of the sinusoid signals in the channel in relation
to the reference signal (with the frequency of 1020 Hz and the input level of -10 dBm0)
is defined as the frequency loss distortion.
Specification: The frequency loss distortion of the Z port shall meet the specifications
shown in Figure 6-9.
Technical Manual

6-42
1.7
dB
1.5
1.0
0.75
0.7
0.45
0.35
-0.3
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.4 kHz
Frequency
L
o
s
s
a. Input connection
1.0

1.7
dB
1.5
1.0
0.75
0.7
0.45
0.35
-0.3
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.4 kHz
Frequency
L
o
s
s
b. Output connection
1.0

Figure 6-9 Loss frequency distortion specifications of 2-wire analog connection
z Gain variation with input level
Definition: In the channel, the gain deviation of the 1020 Hz sinusoid signal at a
specific level related to that at the level of 10 dBm0 is defined as the gain variation
with input level.
The technical specifications shall meet the requirements shown in Figure 6-10:
Technical Manual

6-43
0
0.3
0.6
1.6
-55 -50 -40 +3
-10
-0.3
-0.6
-1.6
dBm0
dB
G
a
i
n

v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
Input level

Figure 6-10 Specifications of variation of gain with level
z Group delay and group-delay distortion
Definition: In the frequency range from 500 Hz to 2800 Hz, the minimum group delay
is the absolute group delay. The average of the absolute group delay of the 2-wire
analog input (or output) semi-connection of the Z port shall not exceed 1500s, and
95% of them do not exceed 1950s.
Group delay distortion is the group delay variation with the frequency. With the lowest
group delay as reference, the group delay distortion of the input or output connection
in the range from 500 Hz to 2800 Hz shall meet the requirements shown in
Figure 6-11.
750
150
450
0
500 600 1000 2600 2800 Hz
900
us
G
r
o
u
p

d
e
l
a
y

d
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n
Frequency

Figure 6-11 Group delay distortion limit value with frequency
z Discrimination of outband signal at input end
Definition: Any sinusoid signal at the frequency higher than 4.6 kHz and with proper
level (25 dBm0) is added to the input end of the channel as the minimum
Technical Manual

6-44
requirement. The level of any mirror frequency generated at the output end of the
channel shall be 25 dB lower than the test signal level. This item tests the suppression
state of outband input signal.
Technical specifications:
When any sinusoid signal at the frequency higher than 4.6 kHz and with level 25
dBm0 is added to the input end, the signal level of any mirror frequencies generated
at the output end of the channel shall be at least 25 dB lower than the input signal
level.
z Weighted noise
Definition: Weighted noise is the weighted noise level of the channel measured at the
output end when the input end connects with nominal impedance upon no input signal.
This specification reflects the noise when the audio channel is not occupied, that is,
no service is running.
Coding side: less than 67 dBm0p
Decoding side: less than 70 dBm0p
z Total distortion
Definition: Total distortion is measured with the signal noise ratio. Generally, it means
measuring the noise when useful signals are sent. Main components of the total
distortion are quantization distortion, which is the signal distortion generated during
signal quantization process. Therefore, the total distortion reflects the quality of the
encoder/decoder of the Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) equipment.
The technical specifications are shown in Table 6-53.
Table 6-53 Technical specification requirements for total distortion of the Z port
Sending level
Input
connection
Output connection
dBm0 Li-0 Lo- 3.5 Lo- 7.0
0 35 35 35
10 35 35 35
20 35 34.4 33.8
30 32.9 30.6 28.8
40 24.9 21.7 19.5
45 19.9 16.7 14.5

z Crosstalk
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6-45
Definition: Crosstalk refers to the harmful signal transmission from one channel to
another channel. The channel originating signals is called the main crossing channel,
the interfered channel is called the crossed channel. The crosstalk specification
reflects the mutual interference between different channels.
Input connection: The local end crosstalk does not exceed 73 dBm0, and the remote
end crosstalk does not exceed 70 dBm0.
Output connection: The local end crosstalk does not exceed 70 dBm0, and the
remote end crosstalk does not exceed 73 dBm0.

Note:
The technical requirements above are the specifications for the Z port
semi-connection. For the equipment that can not receive and transmit signals through
the digital port, the A-A technical specifications can be combined according to the A-D
and D-A technical requirements.

III. Other technical requirements for Z port
z Loop resistance and feed current: It supports 2000 loop resistance and
constant current feed 20 mA. It also supports feed current of 47 mA, 35 mA,
16 mA, and so on.
z Ringing current: 25 Hz 3 Hz sinusoid wave, harmonic distortion 10%, output
voltage value 75 V15 V. It supports a 5-second discontinuous ringing signal of
1-second transmitting and 4-second disconnecting. It also supports other special
ringing modes.
z Signal tone: Dialing tone 450 Hz and continuous signal tone; Busy tone, 450 Hz,
0.7-second discontinuous signal tone with 0.35-second transmitting and
0.35-second disconnecting; Ring-back tone, 450 Hz, 5-second discontinuous
signal tone with 1-second transmitting and 4-second disconnecting.
z Supporting reversed charging pulse and 16KC/12KC charging pulse.
z The AC impedance is adjustable. It supports seven types of port impedance,
such as 200+680//100nF, 200+560//100nF, 600, 150+510//47nF,
220+820//115nF, 220+820//120nF and 900.
z Each receiving gain can be set to 3.5 dB or 7 dB. Moreover, the card
(CB36ASL) sending gain can be set to 3 dB, 0 dB or 3 dB and the card receiving
gain can be set to 0 dB, 3.5 dB, 7 dB, 8.5 dB, or 12 dB.
Technical Manual

6-46
6.3.11 U port
I. Definition
U port is the port of Network Termination 1 (NT1) and Line Termination (LT) in the
ISDN reference model. In terms of code pattern, since subscriber line features are
different in different countries, their line code patterns also vary. For instance, North
America and China use 2B1Q code, Japan and Italy adopt AMI, while UK adopts
3B2T code. ITU-T has no recommended uniform transmission mode and line code
pattern for 2B+D U port. The following description is only applicable to 2B1Q code
pattern.
II. Basic features of U port
z Line code
Line code is 2B1Q (2-bit binary code is expressed with 1-bit quaternary code). This is
a 4-level non-redundancy code.
z Line baud rate
The line baud rate is 80 k baud.
z Clock tolerance
The tolerance of free-run NT1 clock is 100 ppm.
The tolerance of LT clock is 5 ppm.
z Frame structure
A primary frame shall be the 120 quaternary signals transmitted with nominal 1.5 ms
interval. A primary frame includes frame bit, 2B+D data bit and Connection Line (CL)
channel bit. Eight primary frames (12 ms in total) form a multi-frame.
III. Specifications and program of U port
The following describes the bit allocation and function of multi-frame based on G.961
specification.
z Monitor function of CRC bit error
The CRC consists of bits M5 and M6 of the 3rd frame and 8th frame of each
multi-frame, which are inserted into bit flow through the transmitter. In receiver, the
CRC bit calculated from the same bits shall be compared with the received CRC. If
they are different, it indicates that there is at least one bit error in the multi-frame.
z EOC frame function
In each multi-frame, the Embedded Operational Channel in DS1 Rate Port (EOC)
consists of 24 bits. It implements the communication between the network and NT1.
The following basic functions are required for the EOC.
z Operation of 2B+D loopback: This function commands NT1 to loop back the user
data bit stream toward the network.
Technical Manual

6-47
z Operation of B1 (or B2) channel loopback: This function requires NT1 to setup
the single B channel loopback toward the network. The single B channel
loopback can provide maintenance on this channel and the subscriber services
are not totally blocked.
z Recovery to normal: This message is used to release all the uncompleted EOC
controlled operation, and reset the EOC message processor to its initial state.
z Unfollowable acknowledgement: This message acknowledges that NT1 has
received an EOC message, but it is not in the menu of NT1.
z Request degraded CRC notification: This message requests to send degraded
CRC toward the network.
z Degraded CRC notification: This message informs NT1 that the intentionally
degraded CRC will be sent from the network till there is a Recovery to normal
message.
z Hold state.
IV. Activation and deactivation of U port
1) Activation
ITU-T Recommendation G.961 defines the signals generated by the transceiver
during startup. These signals are used in two start types: cold start and hot start.
When NT1 and LT are in resetting state, the activation is allowed either from the
subscriber equipment or from the network. The initiator sends single tone in
compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.961 and starts activation process. In cold
start mode, LT and NT1 shall complete the synchronization within 15 seconds, with 5
seconds for NT1 and 10 seconds for LT; while in hot start mode, they shall complete
the synchronization within 300ms.
2) Deactivation
When one of the following happens, the transceiver is allowed to enter the reset state.
z The system cannot be started within 15 seconds (hot or cold start)
z The received signal is lost for more than 480ms.
z Synchronization is lost for more than 480ms.
z Electrical features of U port
z Output pulse
The nominal peak value of output pulse is 2.5 V. The pulse shape shall be as shown in
Figure 6-12 and four-quaternary-characters pulse sample shall be obtained from the
nominal sample as shown in Figure 6-12 multiplied by 2.5 V, 0.83 V, 0.83 V or 2.5 V.
The nominal average power is 13.5 dBm when the signals are composed of
synchronous framing bits which are of same probability at other position.
Figure 6-12 shows the pulse template of U port.
Technical Manual

6-48
T1814380-92/d33
0.4T
B = 1.05
C = 1.00
D = 0.95
A = 0.01
0 T
0.5T
E = 0.03
A = 0.01
50T 14T
0.4T
0.75T
F = 0.01
0.5T
G = 0.12
F = 0.01
H = 0.05
T = 12.5 s
0.0833 V
0.8750 V
5/6 V
0.79127 V
0.025 V
0.00833 V
0.1V
0.04167 V
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
0.01
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.03
0.01
0.12
0.05
+3 +1
0.025 V
2.625 V
2.5 V
2.375 V
0.075 V
0.025 V
0.3 V
0.125 V
1 3
0.025 V
2.625 V
2.5 V
2.375 V
0.075 V
0.025 V
0.3 V
0.125 V
0.0833 V
0.8750 V
5/6 V
0.79127 V
0.025 V
0.00833 V
0.1V
0.04167 V

Figure 6-12 Pulse template of U port
z Power spectrum density
The power spectrum of the transmitted signal is measured in the bandwidth of 1 kHz
noise power, whose density upper limit shall be as shown in Figure 6-13. The
bandwidth of 1 kHz noise power shall be selected to determine whether the
measurement is qualified.
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
T1814390-92/d34
50 dB/decade
P
o
w
e
r

s
p
e
c
t
r
a
l

d
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
d
B
m
/
H
z
)
Frequency (kHz)

Figure 6-13 Upper limit of the power spectrum density of the transmitted signal
z Total transmission power
Technical Manual

6-49
Feature: It is the average power of signals composed of framing character sequence
that has frame code character and is of equal probability in all other positions.
Index: The average power of signals formed by framing character sequence that has
frame code characters and is of equal probability characters in all other positions shall
be between 13.0 dB and 14.0 dB in the range of 0 Hz to 30 kHz.
Applicable range: for all ISDN-BRA ports
z Impedance and Return loss
Impedance: The impedance at the nominal driving point of the port toward NT1shall
be 135.
Return loss: Figure 6-14 shows RL relative to 135 in the band of 1 kHz to 200 kHz.
5 10 50 100 500 1000 1
10
0
10
20
30
T1814410-92/d36
250 kHz
0 dB
25 kHz
20 dB
R
e
t
u
r
n

l
o
s
s

(
d
B
)
Frequency (kHz)

Figure 6-14 Return loss relative to 1 kHz200 kHz frequency band
z Longitudinal conversion loss
LCL=20Log (el/em) db
el=applied longitudinal voltage (relative to the safety ground)
em=metallic voltage generated by the 135 terminal (NT1 shall be powered, but not be
activated during the test)
Index:
F<5 Hz LCL>20 dB
5 Hz<F<281.2 Hz LCL: +20 dB/ deca-octave
281.5 Hz<F<40000 Hz LCL>55 dB
Technical Manual

6-50
40000 Hz<F LCL: 20 dB /10 times sound interval
Applicable range: for all ISDN-BRA ports
6.3.12 ADSL Port
I. Power spectrum density of ADSL port
Figure 6-15 shows the power spectrum density of the ADSL port.

Frequency f(KHz) Power spectrum density (dBm/Hz)
0<f<4
97.5 in maximum. The maximum power in this frequency band is
+15dBm.
4<f<80 92.5+4.63 log2(f/4)
80<f<138 72.5+36 log2(f/80)
25.875<f<1104 36.5 in maximum
1104<f<3093 36.536 log2(f/1104)
3093<f<4545
90 in maximum. The maximum power in any 1MHz frequency band is
(36.536 log2(f/1104)+60)dBm.
4545<f<11040
90.5 in maximum. The maximum power in this frequency band is +50
dBm.
Figure 6-15 Power spectrum density of ADSL port
II. Longitudinal balance loss of ADSL port
Table 6-54 lists the longitudinal balance loss of the ADSL port.
Table 6-54 Longitudinal balance loss of the ADSL port
Service port
Service bandwidth
(kHz)
Specification
U-x port 281104 >40 dB

III. Overvoltage protection of ADSL port
z Lightning overvoltage
Technical Manual

6-51
The ADSL port shall be able to bear the induction overvoltage less than the set value
upon the subscriber line without performance degradation of any component. The
peak voltage is 1000 V.
z Power line overvoltage
The ADSL subscriber port shall be able to bear the overvoltage within the longitudinal
electromotive force of 650 V/0.5s upon the communication cable without performance
degradation of any component.
z Overvoltage due to contact with power line
The ADSL port shall be able to bear 15-minute 220 V (50 Hz) contact with one or two
conducting cable without any burning danger.
IV. ADSL port specifications
Table 6-55 lists the specifications of the ADSL port.
Table 6-55 Specifications for the ADSL port
Index Value
Bandwidth 26 kHz138 kHz
Upstream
Max. transmission
rate
896 kbit/s
Bandwidth 138 kHz1.104 MHz
Downstream
Max. transmission
rate
8160 kbit/s
Max. transmission distance 5 km
Line code DMT
Compliant standard ITU-T G.992.1, ITU-T G.992.2, ANSI T1.413

6.3.13 ADSL2+ Port
Table 6-56 lists the specifications of the ADSL2+ port.
Table 6-56 Specifications for the ADSL2+ port
Index Value
Bandwidth 26 kHz138 kHz
Upstream
Max. transmission
rate
1.2 Mbit/s
Bandwidth 138 kHz2.208 MHz
Downstream
Max. transmission
rate
24 Mbit/s
Technical Manual

6-52
Index Value
Max. transmission distance 6 km
Cable type Twisted pair
Line code DMT
Compliant standard ITU-T G.992.5

6.3.14 VDSL Port
I. Power spectrum density template
Power spectrum density (PSD) template defines the transmitting power restriction in
the range of inband frequency.
Table 6-57 and Table 6-58 show the upstream and downstream transmitting signal
PSD templates respectively.
Table 6-57 lists the upstream channel PSD templates for schemes 1 and 2
respectively. The maximum transmitting power of these two schemes is 14.5 dBm.
Table 6-57 VDSL upstream PSD template
Frequency (kHz) PSD (dBm/Hz)
04 101
25 101
138 101
307 101
482 101
3575 101
3750 80
3751 53
8499 53
8500 80
8501 107
12000 110
30000 110

Table 6-58 lists the downstream channel PSD templates for schemes 1 and 2
respectively. For these two schemes, the maximum transmitting power is 14.5 dBm.
Technical Manual

6-53
Table 6-58 VDSL downstream PSD template
Frequency (kHz) PSD (dBm/Hz)
Scheme 1
04 101
25 101
138 80
317 60
1104 60
3749 60
3750 80
3925 105
8325 105
8500 80
8501 53
12000 53
12001 107
30000 110
Scheme 2
04 101
25 101
138 101
317 80
1104 60
3749 60
3750 80
3925 105
8325 105
8500 80
8501 53
12000 53
12001 107
30000 110

Technical Manual

6-54
II. Outband PSD
Figure 6-16 shows the outband PSD restriction.
ftr1
f

Pmax, dBm
(in a 1MHz window)
PSD, dBm/Hz
Transmit band
PSDmax, dBm/Hz
fr
Transmit band
Receive band
fr
ftr2
Transition
band
Transition
band
-80dBm/Hz

Figure 6-16 Outband PSD restriction
The area between ftr1 and ftr1+fT, and the area between ftr2-fT and ftr2 are two
transition bands, and that the area between ftr1+fT and ftr2-fT is the rejection band.
fT, independent of transmitting frequency, is 175 kHz.
The transmitting signal PSD inside the transition band is decreased from 80 dBm/Hz
to PSD
max
or increased from PSD
max
to 80 dBm/Hz in a linear manner. The
transmitting signal PSD inside the rejection band cannot be larger than PSD
max
. The
total power P
max
of the transmitting signal of each MHz frequency band inside the
rejection band shall be restricted.
Table 6-59 lists the outband PSD restriction parameters.
Technical Manual

6-55
Table 6-59 Outband PSD restriction parameters
Frequency (MHz)
Maximum PSD
PSDmax
(dBm/Hz)
Maximum Power in a 1 MHz sliding
window Pmax (dBm)
< 0.12 120 NA
0.120.225 110 NA
0.2254.0 100 NA
4.05.0 100 50
5.030.0 100 52
>=30.0 120 NA
Transition
frequency
80 NA

III. Nominal inband PSD limit value
To comply with the nominal PSD template:
z When the frequency is between 25 kHz and 12 MHz, the transmitting power PSD
value of the upstream signal cannot be larger than 53 dBm/Hz.
z When the frequency is between 138 kHz and 3.75 MHz, the transmitting power
PSD value of the downstream signal cannot be larger than 60 dBm/Hz.
z When the frequency is between 8.5 MHz and 12 MHz, the transmitting power
PSD value of the downstream signal cannot be larger than 53 dBm/Hz.
IV. VDSL port specifications
Table 6-60 lists the specifications of the VDSL port.
Table 6-60 Specifications for the VDSL port
Index Value
Bandwidth 0.9 MHz3.5 MHz
Upstream
Max. transmission
rate
12.96 Mbit/s
Bandwidth 4.0 MHz7.9 MHz
Downstream
Max. transmission
rate
12.96Mbit/s
Cable diameter of
0.5 mm
1.5 km
Max.
transmission
distance
Cable diameter of
0.4 mm
1.0 km
Technical Manual

6-56
Index Value
Line code QAM
Compliant standard ITU-T G.993.1

6.3.15 SHDSL Port
I. Reflection attenuation
Standard: The reflection attenuation of the SHDSL port is expressed by
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
R
T
V
V
Log dB turnLoss 20 ) ( Re
. The measured values of the port reflection attenuation
shall be beyond the template shown in Figure 6-17. In this figure, the parameter
meanings are as follows:
MIN
RL = 14dB, f0 = 3.99 kHz, f1 = 20 kHz, f2 = f
sym
/2, f3 = 2.
51f
sym
, element transmission rate f
sym
= (R+8)/3, payload rate R = n x 64 + I x 8.
0
1
f
3
f
2
f f
MIN
RL
Return loss (dB)
frequency interval
Frequency
(Hz)

Figure 6-17 Subscriber port reflection attenuation template
Table 6-61 shows the reflection attenuation values of the SHDSL port when the
payload rate is 2048 kbit/s.
Table 6-61 Reflection attenuation values of the SHDSL port
Test frequency point (Hz) Reflection attenuation (dB)
10k 21.7
49.8k 32.1
109.5k 33.2
209k 30.5
308.5k 28
Technical Manual

6-57
Test frequency point (Hz) Reflection attenuation (dB)
408k 25.9
507.5k 24.3
607k 22.8
706.5k 21.6
806k 20.5
905.5k 19.5

II. Longitudinal balance loss
Standard: The longitudinal balance loss of the SHDSL port is expressed by
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
R
T
V
V
Log dB alBalance Longitudin 20 ) ( . The measured values of the
longitudinal balance loss shall be beyond the template shown in Figure 6-18. In this
figure, the parameter meanings are as follows:
MIN
LB = 40 dB, f1 = 20 kHz, f2 = f
sym
/2,
f
sym
= (R + 8)/3, R = n x 64 + I x 8.
Frequency
(Hz)
2
f
MIN
LB
Longitudinal
balance (dB)
1
f
frequency interval

Figure 6-18 Longitudinal balance loss template
Table 6-62 shows the longitudinal balance values of the SHDSL port when the
payload rate is 2048 kbit/s.
Table 6-62 Longitudinal balance values of the SHDSL port
Test frequency point (Hz) Longitudinal balance (dB)
10 73
49.8 71.2
109.5 66.4
Technical Manual

6-58
Test frequency point (Hz) Longitudinal balance (dB)
209 61.3
308.5 58.2
408 55.8
507.5 54.1
607 52.6
706.5 51.1
806 49.8
905.5 48.8
1005 47.9

III. Longitudinal output voltage
Standard: Within the frequency band above 4 kHz, the average of the longitudinal
output voltage of the SHDSL port shall be less than 50 dBV within one second. The
test frequency field is in the range from 100 Hz to 400 kHz.

Note:
If the voltage unit in testing instrument is dBuV, and the frequency band is 3100 Hz,
the unit shall be converted. After equivalent conversion, the average of the
longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL port shall be less than
[(12050)+10LOG(3.1/4)]=68.9 dBuV).

Table 6-63 shows the longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL port when the payload
rate is 2048 kbit/s.
Table 6-63 Longitudinal output voltage of the SHDSL port
Test frequency point (Hz) Longitudinal output voltage (dBuV)
10 40.3
49 41.1
109 41.5
149 41.1
209 40
248 39.3
328 38.5
Technical Manual

6-59
Test frequency point (Hz) Longitudinal output voltage (dBuV)
408 36.3

IV. Transmitting power
ANNEX B standard: If the power compensation is 0 dB, the transmitting power
measured under the condition of 135 shall be in the range of Pshdsl0.5 dB. If the
power compensation is not 0 dB, the transmitting power measured under the
condition of 135 shall be in the range of Pshdsl0.5 dB minus the power
compensation value with the unit as dB.
Table 6-64 defines the P
SHDSL
.
Table 6-64 Definition of P
SHDSL

Payload rate (kbit/s) P
SHDSL
(dBm)
R < 2048 P1(R) P
SHDSL
13.5
R 2048 14.5

The parameter meanings shown in Table 6-64 are:
payload rate R=Nx64+Ix8, P1(R) =0.3486 Log
2
(Rx1000+8000) + 6.06 dBm.
Table 6-65 lists the output power values of the SHDSL port at different payload rates.
Table 6-65 Longitudinal output power values of the SHDSL port
Payload rate (kbit/s) Power (dBm)
192 13.6
256 13.7
512 13.2
768 13.3
1536 13.5
1984 13.2
2048 14.1

V. Transmitting power spectrum density
ANNEX B standard: The transmitting power spectrum density measured under the
condition of 135 shall be in the range of PSDMASK
SHDSL
(f).
It is defined as follows:
Technical Manual

6-60
<
+

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11.04MHz 1.5MHz
50dBm, of window MHz] 1 [ a in power maximum peak with 90dBm/Hz
1.5MH , 10 5683 . 0
, 10
1
1
sin
1
135
10
) (
int
5 . 1 4
int
10
) (
2
3
2
2
10
f
f,f
z f f f
f f
f
f
Nf
f
Nf
f
f
K
f PSDMASK
f etdB MaskedOffs
Order
dB
sym
sym
sym
SHDSL
PBO
SHDSL

Whereas the MaskOffsetdB(f) is as follows:
<
+
=
dB
dB
dB
dB
f f
f f
f
f f
f dB MaskOffset
3
3
3
3
, 1
, 4 . 0 1
) (
Figure 6-19 shows the PSD template with the power compensation as 0 dB, and
payload rate as 256 kbit/s, 512 kbit/s, 768 kbit/s, 1536 kbit/s, 2048 kbit/s and 2304
kbit/s.

Figure 6-19 PSD template for 0 dB power compensation
Table 6-66 and Table 6-67 list the PSD values of the SHDSL port respectively when
the payload rates are 256 kbit/s and 2048 kbit/s.
Table 6-66 PSD values of the SHDSL port
Test frequency point (kHz) Payload speed 256 kbit/s
10 30.7
29 32.1
Technical Manual

6-61
Test frequency point (kHz) Payload speed 256 kbit/s
44 36.2
65 61.9
80 86.3
90 93.9
200 105
400 109
600 109
800 110

Table 6-67 PSD values of the SHDSL port
Test frequency point (Hz) Payload speed 2048 kbit/s
10k 39.1
89k 39.4
128k 39.2
208k 41
307k 43.3
356k 48.8
406k 55.9
445k 61.8
495k 69.5
550k 87.2
600k 97
800 101
1M 106

VI. SHDSL port specifications
Table 6-68 lists the specifications of the SHDSL port.
Table 6-68 Specifications for the SHDSL port
Index
Transmission over one
twisted pair
Transmission over
two twisted pairs
Transmission rate 192 kbit/s2312 kbit/s 384 kbit/s4608 kbit/s
Technical Manual

6-62
Index
Transmission over one
twisted pair
Transmission over
two twisted pairs
Rate change step length 8 kbit/s 16 kbit/s
Transmission distance 3000 m6000 m
Line code TC-PAM
Supported frame protocol E1, PCM, ATM, ISDN
Transmission mode G.991.2 Annex A, G.991.2 Annex B

6.4 Standards Compliance
Table 6-69 lists the standards compliance.
Table 6-69 Standards compliance
Standards Description
AF-PHY-0086.000 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) Specification Version1.0
AF-PHY-0086.001 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) Specification Version1.1
ANSI T1E1.4
Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Metallic
Interface
ANSI T1.413 issue
1 & issue 2
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface
Specification (issue 1 & issue 2 )
ATM FORUM:
AS_VTOA-0078.0
00
Circuit Emulation Services Version 2.0
IEEE 802.1D
IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area
networks--Common specifications--Media access control
(MAC) Bridges
IEEE 802.1p Traffic class expediting and dynamic multicast filtering
IEEE 802.1Q
IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks: Virtual
Bridged Local Area Networks
IEEE 802.1w
Local and metropolitan area networks---Common
specifications Part 3: Media Access Control (MAC)
Bridges---Amendment 2---Rapid Reconfiguration
IEEE 802.1x Port Based Network Access Control
IEEE 802.2
IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks
Specific requirements Part 2: Logical Link Control
IEEE 802.3
Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
IEEE 802.3u Definition of Fast Ethernet (100BTX, 100BT4, 100BFX)
Technical Manual

6-63
IEEE 802.3x
Definition of Full Duplex operation in a switched (LAN Flow
control)
IEEE 802.3z Definition of Gigabit Ethernet (over Fibre)
ITU-T G.168 Digital network echo cancellers
ITU-T G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates
ITU-T G.703
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital
interfaces
ITU-T G.704
Synchronous frame structures used at primary and secondary
hierarchical levels
ITU-T G.706
Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
Procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in
recommendation G.704
ITU-T G.707
G.707 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.711 Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies
ITU-T G.712
Transmission performance characteristics of pulse code
modulation channels
ITU-T G.723.1
Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications
transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s
ITU-T G.729
C source code and test vectors for implementation verification
of the G.729 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech coder
ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions
ITU-T G.783
Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
equipment functional blocks
ITU-T G.785
Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a synchronous digital
hierarchy environment
ITU-T G.797
Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a plesiochronous
digital hierarchy environment
ITU-T G.803
Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous
digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.804 ATM cell mapping into plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
ITU-T G.811
Timing requirements at the outputs of primary reference clocks
suitable for plesiochronous operation of international digital
links
ITU-T G.812
Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node
clocks in synchronization networks
ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
ITU-T G.821
Error performance of an international digital connection
operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of
an integrated services digital network
Technical Manual

6-64
ITU-T G.823
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which
are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T G.824
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which
are based on the 1544 kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T G.826
Error performance parameters and objectives for international
constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate
ITU-T G.902
Framework recommendation on functional access networks
(AN): architecture and functions, access type, management
and service node aspects
ITU-T G.957
Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the
synchronous digital hierarchy
ITU-T G.958
Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy
for use on optical fibre cables
ITU-T G.960 Access digital section for ISDN basic rate access
ITU-T G.961
Digital transmission system on metallic local lines for ISDN
basic rate access
ITU-T G.962 Access digital section for ISDN primary rate at 2048 kbit/s
ITU-T G.964
V-interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) V5.1-interface
(based on 2048 kbit/s) for the support of access network (AN)
ITU-T G.965
V-interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) V5.2-interface
(based on 2048 kbit/s) for the support of access network (AN)
ITU-T G.982
Optical access networks to support services up to the ISDN
primary rate or equivalent bit rates
ITU-T G.991.2
Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line (SHDSL)
transceivers
ITU-T G.992.1 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) transceivers
ITU-T G.992.2
ITU standard for low-speed Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber
Line without voice splitter
ITU-T G.992.3
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers 2
(ADSL2)
ITU-T G.992.5
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers
extended bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus)
ITU-T G.993.1
Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line Foundation For
consent
ITU-T G.996.1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Transceiver Testing Procedure
ITU-T G.997.1
Physical layer management for Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
transceivers
ITU-T H.248 Gateway control protocol
ITU-T I.361 B-ISDN ATM layer specification
Technical Manual

6-65
ITU-T I.363 B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer specification
ITU-T I.363.1 B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Specification: Type 1 AAL
ITU-T I.363.5 B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer specification: Type 5 AAL
ITU-T I.371 Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN
ITU-T I.430 ISDN basic user-network interface layer 1 specification
ITU-T I.431 ISDN primary rate user-network interface layer 1 specification
ITU-T I.432.2
B-ISDN user-network interface - Physical layer specification:
155,520 kbit/s and 622,080 kbit/s operation
ITU-T I.432.3
B-ISDN user-network interface - Physical layer specification:
1544 kbit/s and 2048 kbit/s operation
ITU-T I.610 B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions
ITU-T I.630 ATM protection switching
ITU-T M.3100 Generic network information model
ITU-T Q.811 Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q3 and X interfaces
ITU-T Q.812 Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q3 and X interfaces
ITU-T Q.831
Fault and performance management of V5 interface
environments and associated customer profiles
ITU-T Q.921 ISDN user-network interface Data link layer specification
ITU-T Q.931
ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call
control
ITU-T T.30
Procedures for document facsimile transmission in the general
switched telephone network
ITU-T T.38
Procedures for real-time Group 3 facsimile communication
over IP networks
ITU-T V.24
List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminal
equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment
(DCE)
ITU-T V.36
Modem using the 60 kHz-108 kHz frequency band for
synchronous data transmission
ITU-T V.90
A digital modem and analogue modem pair for use on the
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) at data signaling
rates of up to 56 000 bit/s downstream and up to 33 600 bit/s
upstream
ITU-T Y.1310 Transport of IP over ATM in public networks
RFC 0768 User Datagram protocol
RFC 0783 The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2)
RFC 0791 Internet protocol
Technical Manual

6-66
RFC 0792 Internet Control Message Protocol
RFC 0793 Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 0826 An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
RFC 0854 Telnet protocol
RFC 0894
A standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet
networks
RFC 1112 Host extensions for IP multicasting
RFC 1155
Structure and Identification of Management Information for
TCP/IP-based Internets, Network Working Group, May 1990
RFC 1157 Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)
RFC 1213
Management Information Base for Network Management of
TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II 2.Draft Standards
RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
RFC 1493 Bridge MIB
RFC 1542
Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap Protocol
(DHCP-Relay)
RFC 1643
Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ethernet-like Interface
Types
RFC 1661 Point to Point Protocol(PPP)
RFC 1723 RIP Version 2(RIP2)
RFC 1757 Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base
RFC 1889 RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications
RFC 1890
RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal
Control
RFC 1907
Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPV2)
RFC 2198 RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data
RFC 2225 Classical IP and ARP Over ATM(IPoA)
RFC 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol Version 2 (IGMP V2)
RFC 2328 OSPF Version 2,Network Working Group, April 1998
RFC 2364 PPP Over AAL5(PPPoA)
RFC 2515 Definitions of Managed Objects for ATM Management
RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet(PPPoE)
RFC 2613
Remote Network Monitoring MIB Extensions for Switched
Networks
Technical Manual

6-67
RFC 2652 Ethernet Interface MIB
RFC 2662 Definitions of Managed Objects for the ADSL Lines
RFC 2705 Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring
RFC 3440
Definitions of Extension Managed Objects for Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Lines
RFC 2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms

A-1
Appendix A Abbreviations and Acronyms
A
AAL1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1
AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AEC Acoustic Echo Canceller
AG Access Gateway
AN Access Network
APS Automatic Protection Switching
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASL Analog Subscriber Line
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt
BMS Broadband integrated network Management System
BRI Basic Rate Interface
BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server
C
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CID caller identification display
CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
D
DDI Direct-Dialing-In
DDN Digital Data Network
DMT Discrete Multi-Tone
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
E
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
F
Technical Manual

A-2
FE Fast Ethernet
FoIP Fax over IP
FTTB Fiber To The Building
FTTC Fiber To The Curb
FXO Foreign Exchange Office
G
GE Gigabit Ethernet
H
HDLC High-speed Data Link Control
HW High Way
I
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
IP Internet Protocol
IPoA IP over ATM
L
LE Local Exchange
M
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MIB Management Information Base
MoIP Modem over IP
MSN Multiple-Subscriber Number
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MSTP Multi-Service Transmission Platform
MTA Multifunctional Terminal Adapter
N
NGN Next Generation Network
nrt-VBR non-real time Variable Bit Rate
O
OLT Optical Line Terminal
ONU Optical Network Unit
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OSS Operating Support System
Technical Manual

A-3
P
PCM Pulse-Code Modulation
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPPoE PPP over Ethernet
PQ Priority Queuing
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PVC Permanent Virtual Connection
Q
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
R
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
rt-VBR real time Variable Bit Rate
S
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SMS Service Management System
SNCP Sub-network Connection Protection
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SHDSL Single-pair High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Link
STB Set Top Box
T
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TL1 Transaction Language 1
U
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
V
VBR Variable Bit Rate
VDN Video Distribution Network
VDSL Very High Speed DSL
Technical Manual

A-4
VF Voice Frequency
VoIP Voice over IP
VP Virtual Path

Technical Manual
UA5000 Universal Access Unit Index

1
Index
Numerics
155 Mbit/s electric port, 6-16
A
ADLB, 2-17
ADLF, 2-17
ADMB, 2-17
ADMC, 2-17
ADMI, 2-17
ADRB, 2-17
ADSL port, 6-50
ADSL2+ port, 6-51
AIS rate
STM-1 port, 6-16
STM-4 port, 6-21
AIUB, 2-18
APMB, 2-16
APSB, 2-16
ARP, 3-30
ARP proxy, 3-30
ASL, 2-17
ATI, 2-17
B
built-in monitor card, 2-6
C
cabinet specifications, 2-3
CAPEX, 1-1
CDI, 2-17
CLI NMS, 5-1
combined VLAN, 3-20
CPE, 2-1
CSLB, 2-17
CSLI, 2-17
CSMB, 2-17
CSMC, 2-17
D
DEHA, 2-18
DSL, 2-17
DTMF, 1-4
E
E1 port, 6-31
E3 port, 6-35
EAUA, 2-18
echo cancellation
AEC, 3-13
EC, 3-12
environment monitor card, 2-5
environmental monitor system, 2-5
environmental monitoring box, 2-6
equipment authentication, 3-15
ESC, 2-18
extinction ratio
STM-1 port, 6-14
STM-4 port, 6-20
F
fast ethernet electric port, 6-29
fast ethernet optical port, 6-26
fax over IP, 3-3
frame hardware description
extended frame, 2-14
master frame, 2-12
slave frame, 2-14
front-access frames
HABD, 2-9
HABE, 2-10
HABF, 2-11
HABL, 2-12
FSK, 1-4
Technical Manual

2
G
gigabit ethernet optical port, 6-21
GUI NMS, 5-1
H
hairpin connection, 3-18
I
IGMP proxy, 3-23
implementation of fax service, 3-5
IPMB, 2-16
IPTV, 4-3
L
logic structure, 2-1
longitudinal balance loss, 6-57
longitudinal output loss, 6-58
M
MAC address management, 3-29
managed multicast, 3-23
message indicator service
FSK, 3-15
voltage ascending, 3-14
MoIP, 3-28
redundant mode, 3-28
transparent transmission mode, 3-28
MSTP networking
single-level, 4-2
two-level, 4-3
multicast, 3-22
MUX VLAN, 3-21
N
networking description
MSTP, 4-1
SDH+FE/GE, 4-3
SDH+STM-1 ATM, 4-6
STM-1 ATM, 4-8
VP Ring, 4-9
networking features
MSTP, 4-3
SDH+FE/GE, 4-5
SDH+STM-1 ATM, 4-7
STM-1, 4-9
VP Ring, 4-10
NGN, 1-1
NGN voice service, 3-2
number collection
DTMF, 3-14
numbercollection
pulse, 3-14
O
ONU-F01D100, 2-4
ONU-F01D1000, 2-4
ONU-F01D200, 2-4
ONU-F01D500, 2-4
ONU-F02A, 2-4
ONU-F02AF, 2-4
OPEX, 1-1
P
performance specifications
port, 6-3
system, 6-1
permitted frequency deviation
STM-1 port, 6-15
STM-4 port, 6-21
port based VLAN, 3-20
power monitor unit, 2-6
power supply system, 2-4
private circuit service, 3-3
PSD
inband, 6-55
outband, 6-54
PSTN voice service, 3-1
PVM, 2-16
PVU8/PVU4, 2-16
PWX, 2-18
Q
QINQ VLAN, 3-21
Technical Manual

3
QoS
flow classification, 3-25
port rate limit, 3-26
queue scheduling, 3-26
RTCP check, 3-27
traffic mirroring, 3-27
traffic monitoring, 3-26
R
rear-access frames
HABA, 2-7
HABB, 2-8
receiver sensitivity
STM-1 port, 6-15
STM-4 port, 6-20
reflection attenuation, 6-56
RSTP, 3-31
RSU8/RSU4, 2-16
S
SDH+FE/GE networking
single-level, 4-5
two-level, 4-5
SDH+STM-1 ATM networking
single-level, 4-7
two-level, 4-7
SDL, 2-17
SDLB, 2-17
self-switching, 3-16
service features
AG, 6-7
ATM, 6-6
IP, 6-4
terminal and line test, 6-9
SHDSL port, 6-56
smart VLAN, 3-20
software structure, 2-2
standard VLAN, 3-19
standards compliance, 6-62
STM-1 ATM networking, 4-8
STM-1 optical port, 6-12
STM-4 optical port, 6-18
STP, 3-31
system specifications, 6-1
T
T.30, 3-5
T.38, 3-5
T.4, 3-5
tone playing, 3-13
transmitting power, 6-59
transmitting power spectrum density, 6-59
TSSB, 2-18
U
U port, 6-46
activate, 6-47
deactivate, 6-47
UA5000, 1-1
UA5000 features, 1-2
UA5000 VLAN features, 3-20
V
V.35 port, 6-36
VDLB, 2-18
VDSL port, 6-52
VFB, 2-17
VLAN, 3-19
VLAN stacking, 3-22
VLAN trunk, 3-20
voice codec
bandwidth, 3-8
G.711, 3-8
G.723.1, 3-8
G.729, 3-8
voice speech packet loss ratio, 3-11
voice speech quality
codec type, 3-11
delay and jitter, 3-10
echo, 3-12
objective measurement, 3-9
speech level, 3-12
subjective measurement, 3-9
VoIP technology, 3-7
Technical Manual

4
VP Ring networking, 4-10
VSQ, 3-9
Z
Z port, 6-39

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Chapter 1 System Overview 1-1 ...........................................................................

1.1 About the UA5000 1-1 ..................................................................................

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