DETECT EVERYTHING YOU INJECT WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY

Evaporative Light Scattering Detectors

FOR HPLC LC-MS SFC HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING GPC TREF GPEC

PL-ELS 2100

PL-ELS 2100 Ice

N EW

PL-ELS 1000

Now a part of Varian, Inc.

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

Detect Everything You Inject with High Sensitivity

It is well recognized that Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) can outperform traditional detectors when analyzing non-chromophoric samples by HPLC as the detection method does not rely on the optical properties of the analyte. Furthermore, an ELSD detects all compounds less volatile than the mobile phase and, with advanced design features for low temperature operation, the benefits of ELSD compared to UV or refractive index detection now apply to an even wider range of HPLC applications. Evaporative Light Scattering Detectors from Polymer Laboratories
Polymer Laboratories (PL), now a part of Varian, Inc., is a world leader in the design, build, service and support of evaporative light scattering detectors with over 17 years experience in this field. PLs instruments have evolved, and continue to develop, through listening to the requirements of our customers. Polymer Laboratories presents three models of ELSD, each offering high sensitivity for a wide range of analytes and analysis conditions, and each designed to address your particular application area. Choose from the PL-ELS 2100 for regular HPLC, the new sub-ambient PL-ELS 2100 Ice (Integrated Cooled Evaporator) for the detection of very low boiling point compounds or the PL-ELS 1000 for routine HPLC and GPC. Whichever option you choose, PL will deliver you high quality, high sensitivity, state of the art evaporative light scattering detection. Designed and built to the highest standards, Polymer Laboratories detectors offer considerable benefits compared to other ELSDs on the market: Extremely small footprint to maximize available bench space Wide gradient compatibility, no limitation on choice of solvents High sensitivity, extremely low limits of detection (LoD) Wide application range to cover very low to high molecular weight compounds Low dispersion, minimal peak broadening for maximum resolution Rapid equilibration, fast set-up and high productivity Advanced, easy to use instrument control with built-in safety

ELSD detectors from PL offer the widest flexibility and deliver optimum performance for all applications.

Universal Response
ELSD does not rely on the optical properties of the analyte making it an ideal detector for many compounds, including those with no UV chromophore or widely differing extinction coefficients. When UV detection is used to monitor the separation of equal amounts of aspirin and phenacetin, different responses are recorded due to variable extinction coefficients at 280nm. Clearly, a more uniform response is obtained when the PL-ELS detectors are used.
Sample: Column: Eluent: Flow Rate: Detectors: 1. Aspirin, 2. Phenacetin PLRP-S 100 5m, 150x4.6mm 0.1% TFA in 50% Water : 50% ACN 0.5ml/min PL-ELS 2100 (neb=30C, evap=30C, gas=1.6 SLM) UV, 280nm 2

PL-ELS 2100

PL-ELS 2100 Ice

PL-ELS 1000

PL-ELS 2100 PL-ELS 2100 PL-ELS 1000 PL-ELS 2100 Ice PL-ELS 1000 PL-ELS 1000
HPLC analysis of non-volatile compounds HPLC analysis of semi-volatile compounds Ambient GPC analysis High temperature GPC analysis

KEY 1. Aspirin 2. Phenacetin

Analytical Techniques HPLC - analytical, microbore, preparative LC-MS High throughput screening GPC/SEC High temperature GPC TREF GPEC

Application Areas Pharmaceuticals Nutraceuticals Combinatorial libraries Carbohydrates Lipids Phospholipids Triglycerides Fatty acids Amino acids Polymers Surfactants
0 min 10 PL-ELS 2100 UV, 280nm

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

ELSD - The Ideal Substitute for, or Supplement to, Your Existing HPLC Detectors
Evaporative light scattering detection has become a regular detection method for liquid chromatography, offering key benefits over more conventional UV and RI detectors: Does not require the sample to have a chromophore Universal response, no effect of extinction coefficient or dn/dc Fully gradient compatible, no limitation on solvent choice Better alternative to UV detection at low wavelengths No need for pre- or post-column derivatization Excellent baseline stability
Compounds: Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detectors: 1. Cimiracemoside, 2. Actein, 3. 27-deoxyactein Black Cohosh Tablet Inertsil C18 5m, 150x4.6mm 0.1% Formic acid in Water ACN 30-40% B in 30 mins, 40-60% B in 30 mins 1.0ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=30C, evap=50C, gas=1.4 SLM) UV, 230nm 1

Better Alternative to UV Detection at Low Wavelengths

Evaporative light scattering detection is a more favorable alternative than UV detection for the analysis of compounds that require low wavelength analysis (e.g. 230nm) or possess a weak chromophore. These compounds have a low sensitivity to UV detection and suffer from baseline instability under gradient elution. The benefit of ELSD for these types of compounds is highlighted in Figure 1, which compares UV and ELS detection for the analysis of a black cohosh sample.

DMSO Transparency for High Throughput Screening

The vast majority of combinatorial libraries screened by high throughput methods are stored in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). UV and Mass Spectrometry will miss potential drug compounds that have no UV chromophore, so ELSD is commonly used. However, at the low evaporator temperatures required to detect volatile components, the presence of DMSO in the sample can mask the response of early eluting compounds. In the PL-ELS 2100, the addition of a carefully controlled stream of gas to the evaporation step enables complete removal of the DMSO to take place without increasing the operating temperature. The benefits of this DMSO transparency are highlighted in the figure below.

KEY 1. Cimiracemoside 2. Actein 3. 27-deoxyactein

PL-ELS 2100

UV, 230nm

min

60

A Valuable Addition to Your LC-MS System

DMSO

The DMSO response masks the fast eluting peak

As the operational requirements are very similar, methods developed on PLs evaporative light scattering detectors can be directly transferred to MS, saving valuable LC-MS method development time. ELSDs from Polymer Laboratories can be used in parallel with any standard LC-MS system to obtain concentration information for all compounds, whether they are UV active or not.
Samples: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detectors: KEY 1. Verapamil 2. Diazepam
min 15

gas=1.2 SLM

Increasing the gas flow to 1.8 SLM gives DMSO transparency

1. Verapamil 2. Diazepam Commercially available C8 3m, 150x2.1mm 0.1% Formic acid in Water 0.1% Formic acid in ACN 20-80% B in 5 mins 0.3ml/min 10l MS, UV, PL-ELS 2100 (neb=50C, evap=50C, gas=1.6 SLM)

gas=1.8 SLM 0

2 1
MS

Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector:

2mg/ml in DMSO Inertsil 7 ODS-3 5m, 150x4.6mm 0.1% HFBA in Water 0.1% HFBA in ACN 5-30% B in 10 mins, 30-80% B in 5 mins 1.0ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=25C, evap=25C, gas as shown)

LC-MS trace shows 1:3 ratio

UV trace shows 1:10 ratio

UV

ELS shows the true ratio of 1:1

PL-ELS 2100

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

ELSDs from Polymer Laboratories - Better By Design

Evaporative light scattering detection involves a three stage process:

Easy and Safe to Use

PLs detectors offer both onboard operation via a keypad and display or advanced instrument control using a Windows PC based graphical user interface. Up to 10 pre-set methods can be stored, and the control software provides the facility for automation and logging procedures. In addition, the control software can be used to run a series of diagnostic checks to test for system compliance and validate performance, as well as to provide interaction with the multiple safety features built into the detectors.

Nebulization
Efficient nebulization using low gas flow rates is a feature of PLs detectors. Independent nebulizer temperature control and digital gas flow control provide excellent stability and reproducibility. Any poorly nebulized eluent is removed via a drain port to minimize baseline noise.

Evaporation
The nebulized stream passes through an independently temperature controlled evaporator tube where the solvent is removed, leaving the less volatile solute particles. PLs detectors feature the shortest evaporator tubes resulting in extremely low swept volume and minimum peak dispersion. The result is that evaporative light scattering detectors from Polymer Laboratories deliver you the maximum resolution from your separation, especially important for work with small column volumes.

gas inlet

detector

Instrument Qualification - IQ, OQ

All Polymer Laboratories detectors are rigorously tested to a high specification before they are shipped, and detailed IQ, OQ documentation is included with each unit. In addition, PLs detectors can be incorporated into any HPLC system, and a complete Qualification Workbook is provided to assist you.

eluent inlet light source liquid waste

Optical Detection
The solute particles are detected as they pass through the optical chamber. Advanced design of the optical and electronic components ensures that PLs detectors deliver maximum sensitivity with minimum baseline noise.
Sample: Column: Eluent A: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector: Fentanyl Commercially available C18 5m, 50x2.1mm 60% 0.25M Ammonium acetate in Water, 40% ACN 0.25ml/min 10l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=40C, evap=70C, gas=1.2 SLM)

Galaxie Control and Data Handling1

The PL-ELS 2100 can be controlled via the Galaxie Workstation from Varian, Inc. to provide integrated control of your system, data analysis and reporting. The Galaxie Workstation also contains a suite of features that allows customers to comply with FDA 21 CFR Part 11 regulations.

100ng on column

20ng on column 0 min 4 1

Achieve low ng levels of detection on column

Available from Summer 2006

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

PL-ELS 2100 - Surpasses other ELSDs for High Sensitivity HPLC Analyses
The PL-ELS 2100 represents the leading edge of ELSD design, providing optimum performance across a diverse range of HPLC applications. Its patented design permits operation at ambient temperature, to facilitate the detection of semi-volatile compounds not seen by other ELSDs.
In evaporative light scattering detection, the eluent is removed as it passes through the evaporator tube. The temperature of this tube is critical in optimizing the detection of small molecules. If the temperature is too high, thermally labile compounds in the sample may evaporate along with the eluent, and will not be detected. The PL-ELS 2100 can evaporate high boiling solvents at very low temperatures, for example a mobile phase consisting of 100% water at 30C. The novel design of the PL-ELS 2100 provides a level of performance for semi-volatile compounds that is superior to that which can be obtained from competitors ELSDs.

Analysis of Herbicides
Unlike the majority of pesticides, the application of gas chromatography (GC) to the analysis of phenylurea pesticides is difficult because they are thermally unstable and degrade rapidly to isocyanates and amines. An alternative approach for thermally sensitive compounds is to use HPLC coupled with low temperature evaporative light scattering detection. The PL-ELS 2100 from Polymer Laboratories is designed to evaporate highly aqueous mobile phases at ambient temperature in order to maximize the response of semi-volatile compounds. The benefits of this design are highlighted in this analysis of 10 phenylurea herbicides.
Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector: Phenylurea-herbicide mixture Commercially available C18 5m, 250x4.6mm Water ACN 10-80% B in 40 mins 0.7ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 (gas=1.6 SLM)

25C

Analysis of Pharmaceutical Compounds

In this analysis, peak 2, indapamide, is essentially non-volatile but the remaining three peaks (acetanilide, ibuprofen and dibutylphthalate) are semi-volatile to different degrees. The effect of operating temperature on the recovery of these three semi-volatile compounds is clearly illustrated. With the nebulizer and evaporator running at the same temperature, 50C, peak 2 gives a large response but the other more volatile components give very poor peak response due to loss through evaporation. As the nebulizer/evaporator temperatures are reduced to 35C and further, when they are switched off and the instrument is running at ambient temperature (nominally 26C), the detector shows much better recovery of the semi-volatile components with no deterioration in baseline stability.
Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Sample Conc: Detector: Commercially available C18 5m, 150x4.6mm Water + 0.1% TFA ACN + 0.1% TFA 60-90% B in 5 mins 1.0ml/min 20l 1mg/ml PL-ELS 2100

min

40

50C

70C

min

40

min

40

By operating the PL-ELS 2100 at ambient temperature, sample

Pharmaceutical Excipients
Cyclodextrins are used to facilitate the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs; the manner in which they interact is important in developing a successful pharmaceutical formulation. UV detection is the standard method for pharmaceutical analysis, however, cyclodextrins do not possess a UV chromophore. The PL-ELS 2100 provides a beneficial alternative, because it is not dependent on a compounds optical properties. In this example, the PL-ELS 2100 is able to detect the excipient cyclodextrins along with the target drug ibuprofen
Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detectors: Commercially available C18 5m, 150x4.6mm Water ACN 1 50-95% B in 5 mins 1.0ml/min PL-ELS 2100 20l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=30C, evap=50C, gas=1.0 SLM) UV, 221nm
UV, 221nm

KEY 1. Acetanilide 2. Indapamide 3. Ibuprofen 4. Dibutylphthalate

3 2

50oC

35oC

2 1

Ambient 0

KEY 1. -cyclodextrin 2. -cyclodextrin 3. Ibuprofen

min 9

min

12

The PL-ELS 2100 can provide the true composition of pharmaceutical formulations in a single chromatogram

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

Key Applications of the PL-ELS 2100 Evaporative Light Scatte

Triglycerides in Plant Oil using Evaporative Light Scattering Detection
Plant oils contain complex mixtures of triglycerides which need to be analyzed using gradient elution. Refractive index detection is not gradient compatible, whereas UV lacks sensitivity due to the low wavelengths required. Evaporative light scattering detection is universal, and is not dependent on the optical properties of the compound, making it a better alternative to UV detection. Optimum resolution and reduced run time is easily achieved with the PL-ELS 2100 due to its compatibility with a wide range of solvents and insensitivity to solvent gradients.
KEY 1. GGG 2. LGG 3. LGL 4. LLL 5. OOO 3 Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector: 4 1 5

2mg/ml Borage Oil Commercially availab ACN DCM 30-50% B in 40 mins, hold 3 mins 1.0ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=25 gas=1.4 SLM)

min

40

Sugars in Aloe Juice

Studies in the field of glycomics suggest that the monosaccharide content in aloe juice contributes significantly towards its anti-inflammatory activity.
Column: Eluent: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Sample Conc: Temp: Detector: KEY 1. Trehalose 2. Glucose 3. Fructose 2 PL Hi-Plex Ca, 300x7.7mm Water 0.6ml/min 20l 1mg/ml 80C PL-ELS 2100 (neb=50C, evap=90C, gas=1.6 SLM)

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) of Polyethylene Glycols

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are low molecular weight polymers that are widely used as excipients or drug delivery agents in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as additives in cosmetics and home care products. The choice of detector for non-chromophoric samples in SFC is traditionally limited to Flame-ionization detection (FID). However, the use of FID is not possible when organic modifiers are present. ELSD is ideally suited to the technique of SFC and to the analysis of non-chromophoric samples using SFC. Oligomeric separation of medium to high molecular weight PEGs by SFC is considerably faster than by reversed phase HPLC.

Samples: Column: Eluent : Flow Rate: Pressure: Inj Vol: Detector:

min

20

PEG 400, PEG 600 & PEG 1000 Commercially available Diol Column 60 6m, 250x4.6mm Carbon Dioxide with 5% Methanol 2.0ml/min Carbon Dioxide was pressure programmed from 100bar to 250bar, at 10bar/min. 10l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=40C, evap=30C, gas=0.8 SLM)

The ELSD offers significant improvements over RI detection for the analysis of sugars such as glucose (monosaccharide) and trehalose (disaccharide), as it has increased sensitivity and better baseline stability

Polymer Additives
Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Commercially available C18 5m, 150x2.1mm (40C) 0.1% TEA in Water ACN 70-100% B in 10 mins, 2 hold 8 mins Flow Rate: 0.4ml/min 3 Inj Vol: 20l Sample Conc: 100g/ml each Detector: PL-ELS 2100 (neb=40C, evap=85C, gas=1.1 SLM) 4 KEY 1. Ultranox 626 2. Irganox 1010 3. Ethanox 330 1 5 4. Alkanox 240 5. Erucamide
0 min 25 0 min

PEG 400 44

PEG 600 0 min 44

PEG 1000 0 min 44

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

ering Detector
2 3 4 le C18 5m, 250x4.6mm

Underivatized Amino Acids

There are numerous methods involving gas and liquid chromatography coupled with pre- and post- column derivatization for the analysis of amino acids. These methods are well established and can offer low detection limits, however, they are time consuming and the products resulting from the derivatization step can be unstable.
Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Sample Conc: Detector: KEY 1. Serine 2. Glutamic acid 3. Arginine 4. Proline 5. Valine 6. Methionine 7. Isoleucine 8. Leucine 9. Phenylanine 10. Tryptophan
0

50-90% B in 2 mins,

5C, evap=50C,

min

20

This close-up illustrates the excellent peak shape of the PL-ELS 2100 which gives high resolution of complex samples

Commercially available ODS 5m, 250x4.6mm 0.1% TFA in Water 0.1% TFA in ACN 100% A, 5 min hold, 0-40% B in 15 mins 1.0ml/min 10l 1mM PL-ELS 2100 (neb=50C, evap=50C, gas=1.6 SLM) 2 4 1 3 7 5 8 6 10 9

Triglycerides in Cooking Oil

The triglycerides composition of cooking oil is very complex and contains many chemically similar species. In order to develop a high resolution HPLC separation of these components, gradient elution is required, normally involving solvents with very different properties. For this reason, RI is not viable as a detection method and UV can be difficult due to baseline disturbance arising from the choice of solvents used in the gradient.
Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector: Sesame Oil Commercially available C18 5m, 250x4.6mm ACN DCM 30-50% B in 40 mins, 50-90% B in 2 mins, hold 3 mins 1.0ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=25C, evap=50C, gas=1.4 SLM) 2 KEY 1. LLL 2. LLO 3. LLP 4. OOL 5. POL 6. PPL 7. OOO 8. OOP 9. PPO 10. OOS 10 9
40

min

30

ELSD is ideal for the detection of amino acids as no derivatization step is required, thus reducing the time and cost for sample preparation and analysis

1 5 3 6 7 8

Efficient Evaporation of Complex Eluents

Resolution of phospholipids can be difficult to achieve without using a complex eluent gradient. PLs evaporative light scattering detectors can efficiently evaporate even the most complex gradients, providing ideal detection of polar lipids.
Samples: 1. Cholesterol 2. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 3. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), 4. Sphingomyelin (Sph), 5. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) Commercially available DIOL column, 150x2.1mm IPA/Hexane/Water/Ammonia Hydroxide (57.8/40/2/0.2) IPA/Hexane/Water/Ammonia Hydroxide (51.8/40/8/0.2) 10-100% B in 7 mins (hold 8 mins), 100-0% B in 5 mins (hold 10 mins) 0.3ml/min 10l PL-ELS 2100 (neb=30C, evap=80C, gas=0.8 SLM) 1 KEY 1. Cholesterol 2. Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) 4. Sphingomyelin (Sph) 5. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)

min

Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen belongs to classes of drugs called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers), and since it was approved by the FDA in 1951, has been used in many over the counter medication brands. ELSD permits the determination of low levels of acetaminophen; shown here is a chromatogram for an on column loading of 2g.
Column: Commercially available C18 5m, 150x4.6mm Eluent A: 90% Water : 9% MeOH : 1% Acetic acid Eluent B: ACN Isocratic: 60/40% A/B Flow Rate: 1.5ml/min Inj Vol: 10l Sample Conc: 200g/ml Detector: PL-ELS 2100 (neb=25C, evap=25C, gas=1.6 SLM)

Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector:

3 4

min

min

12

The PL-ELS 2100 provides excellent sensitivity for the analysis of semi-volatiles at room temperature

Complex eluents are easily removed with the PL-ELS 2100

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

N EW

PL-ELS 2100 Ice (Integrated Cooled Evaporator)

Sub-ambient ELSD for Low Boiling Point Compounds
Low temperature ELSD is essential when analyzing thermally labile compounds. Current ELS detectors cannot operate lower than ambient temperature (i.e. 25-30C), but even at ambient temperature, the response of low molecular weight (e.g. 60-150 MW) semi-volatile compounds by ELS detection can be poor.

Pharmaceutical Analysis at Sub-ambient Temperature

When analyzing compound mixtures of equal concentration, evaporative light scattering detectors can show distinct differences in response between compounds. Most of the time, these variations can be attributed to differences in the compounds volatility.

To improve the detection of thermally unstable compounds, Polymer Laboratories has pushed the boundaries of ELS detection with the PL-ELS 2100 Ice. Using the same evaporator gas technology seen in the PL-ELS 2100, the PL-ELS 2100 Ice can be operated at temperatures as low as 10C.

These volatility differences are emphasised at higher ELSD temperatures (e.g. 50C), as shown in the figure below. In order to minimize or eliminate these volatility effects, the operating temperature of the ELSD needs to be as low as possible.

Operating at sub-ambient temperatures provides maximum sensitivity for semi-volatile compounds that show poor responses at ambient temperature. The advantage of using the PL-ELS 2100 Ice is shown opposite for a mixture of pharmaceutical compounds.

By operating the PL-ELS 2100 Ice at sub-ambient temperatures, the volatility differences observed at 50C are eliminated at 15C, producing a uniform response (see below).

Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector:

Commercially available C18 5m, 150x4.6mm Water + 0.1% TFA ACN + 0.1% TFA 60-90% B in 5 mins 1.0l/min 20l 2 PL-ELS 2100 Ice (gas=1.6 SLM) 3

KEY 1. Acetanilide 2. Indapamide 3. Ibuprofen 4. Dibutylphthalate

35C

4 3

24C

4 3 1 2

15C

min

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

For higher throughput of samples, uniquely, the PL-ELS 2100 Ice features rapid temperature equilibration; the detector can cool down from 50C to 30C, and vice versa, in just over five minutes.

Improve the Limit of Detection for Low Molecular Weight Compounds

The limit of detection for thermally sensitive analytes, such as acetanilide (MW 135.2) and Polyethylene Glycol (MW 106), is often limited by their volatility. Using the PL-ELS 2100 Ice, the detection limit for these types of compounds can be dramatically improved.
Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector : 200g/ml Acetanilide Commercially available C18 5m, 150x4.6mm Water + 0.1% TFA ACN + 0.1% TFA 60-90% B in 5 mins 1.0ml/min 20l PL-ELS 2100 Ice (neb= 30C, gas=1.6 SLM)
S/N 15

50

45

Temp C

40

30oC

35

30 0 1 2 min 3 4 5

LoD Improved 4 Fold !!!

15oC S/N 61

In addition to the enhanced detection of semi-volatile compounds, the temperature controlled evaporator tube on the PL-ELS 2100 Ice allows the user to rapidly swap between temperature programs

Hydrocarbon Analysis
Even compounds with high boiling points can benefit from the PL-ELS 2100 Ice, as shown below. The hydrocarbons, hexadecane (Bp 287C), heptadecane (Bp 302C) and eicosane (Bp 343C) have high boiling points that suggest they are easily detectable by ELSD. However, even at 30C, there is a distinct disparity in response between the three hydrocarbons. Operating the PL-ELS 2100 Ice at 18C dramatically improves the response of hexadecane and heptadecane, such that they saturate the detector signal.
Sample: Eluent: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, 0.2mg/ml THF 1.0ml/min 10l 30 secs apart on PLgel guard column PL-ELS 2100 Ice (neb= 80C, gas=1.1 SLM) 2 3 Sample: Column: Eluent: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Detector:

min

PEG 106, 1mg/ml PLRP-S 100 5m, 150x4.6mm 10% ACN in Water 1.0ml/min 10l PL-ELS 2100 Ice (neb= 30C, gas=varied)

30oC gas=1.4 SLM

S/N = 9.0

KEY 1. Hexadecane (C16) 2. Heptadecane (C17) 3. Eicosane (C20)

30oC S/N = 64

25oC gas=1.4 SLM

20oC

LoD Improved ca. 40 Fold !!!

18oC 0 min 7 S/N = 350

20oC gas=1.85 SLM

min

4.5

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

PL-ELS 1000 - For HPLC and GPC Applications, Ambient to High

The PL-ELS 1000 For HPLC and GPC Applications, Ambient to High Temperature
The PL-ELS 1000 is a well established market leader renowned for its rugged design and able to deliver high performance, even for very demanding HPLC or GPC applications. The nebulizer and evaporator can be controlled at very high temperatures to efficiently handle high boiling point solvents commonly used in GPC that other ELSDs simply cannot manage. A custom designed heated transfer line, which is also controlled from the PL-ELS 1000, permits easy coupling to any GPC system, especially valuable for use in high temperature GPC applications. The solvent condensation device allows the recovery of material from the nebulizer drain and the solvent vapor from the exhaust for increased safety, particularly important when using more hazardous solvents.
0 min

Analysis of Polymer Blends and Copolymers

Polymer blends often combine homopolymers with widely differing characteristics. The PL-ELS 1000 gives a positive response for all samples regardless of chemistry, and is the ideal detector for analysing polymer blends by GPC, as illustrated by the comparison of the RI and PL-ELS 1000 below.
Sample: Columns: Eluent: Flow Rate: Detectors: Blend of Polystyrene (PS) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2xPLgel 5m MIXED-C, 300x7.5mm Toluene 1.0ml/min PL-ELS 1000 (neb=100C, evap=120C, gas=1.5 SLM) RI

KEY 1. PS 2. PDMS 3. Blend

PL-ELS 1000

1 2

3
21

RI

min

21

Fatty Acids
The PL-ELS 1000 advanced control software is extremely easy to use, providing temperature and gas flow control, signal monitoring, methods storage, system automation and logging. ELSD is ideal for the analysis of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as these compounds have no UV chromophore and require gradient elution.
Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Eluent C: Gradient: Flow Rate: Temp: Detector: KEY 1. Capric acid 2. Lauric acid 3. Myristic acid 4. Palmitic acid 5. Stearic acid 1 2 PLRP-S 100 5m, 250x4.6mm 60mM Acetic acid ACN THF 35/60/5 A/B/C to 0/90/10 A/B/C in 20 mins 0.5ml/min 45C PL-ELS 1000 (neb=80C, evap=70C, gas=1.0 SLM) 4

min

20

Working at low pH to maximize resolution and minimize analysis time, the ELSD provides good sensitivity and a stable, drift free baseline

10

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

h Temperature
Copolymer Characterization by GPEC
Copolymers are often characterized for composition using interactive HPLC methods, usually employing gradient elution with a wide variety of solvents depending on the application. The PL-ELS 1000 responds to all polymers, irrespective of their chemical composition, with no deterioration in baseline stability, whatever the choice of gradient.
Sample: Column: Eluent A: Eluent B: Gradient: Flow Rate: Detectors: Random poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymers with varying glycolide content PLRP-S 1000 8m, 150x4.6mm MeOH THF 2 min hold in 99% A, 1-99% B in 10 mins 1.0ml/min PL-ELS 1000 (neb=70C, evap=80C, gas=1.0 SLM)

High Temperature GPC

Polyolefins are typically analyzed by GPC using trichlorobenzene (TCB) at 160C. As the dn/dc of polyolefins and polystyrene standards in TCB is relatively small, RI detector performance must be maximized to obtain acceptable signal to noise ratio. The polystyrene response in TCB using the PL-ELS 1000 is greatly improved compared to a typical RI chromatogram, illustrating the increased sensitivity of the PL-ELS 1000 for high temperature GPC applications.
Sample: Columns: Eluent: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Sample Conc: Temp: Detector: KEY 1. 2,560,000 2. 320,000 3. 59,500 4. 10,850 5. 580 Polyethylene 2xPLgel 10m MIXED-B, 300x7.5mm TCB 1.0ml/min 200l 1mg/ml 160C PL-ELS 1000 (neb=160C, evap=270C, gas=1.5 SLM)

% Glycolide content 0%

15%

3 2

25% 35%

1 50%
1 min 20

5
PL-ELS 1000 RI

min

20

Polymer MW Analysis using GPC/SEC

With conventional RI detectors, ambient temperature effects, outgassing with low boiling solvents and simple eluent replenishment, can lead to drifting and noisy baselines. The PL-ELS detectors have no flow cell and therefore these problems are eliminated as the solvent is evaporated (and plays no part in the detection). In addition, the PL-ELS 1000 provides a dramatic increase in sensitivity to allow a reduction in column loading - key for some high molecular weight samples.
Sample: Columns: Eluent: Flow Rate: Inj Vol: Sample Conc: Detector: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) 2xPLgel 5m MIXED-D, 300x7.5mm Chloroform 1.0ml/min 20l 2mg/ml PL-ELS 1000 (neb=50C, evap=70C, gas=1.0 SLM)

The PL-ELS 1000 is the ONLY ELSD on the market which operates at this temperature

min

20

The PL-ELS 1000 also offers a significant increase in sensitivity, by a factor of 50

11

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

Specifications
PL-ELS 2100
Light Source Detector Temperature Range Evaporator Nebulizer Heated Transfer Line (optional) Nebulizer Gas Typical Inlet Pressure Maximum Inlet Pressure Gas Flow Rate Eluent Flow Rate Analog Output Digital Output Communications LED 480nm Photomultiplier tube Ambient to 120C Ambient to 90C Not available 60 - 100psi 100psi 0 - 3.25 SLM 0 - 5ml/min 0 - 1V FSD 24 bit (10Hz) via serial port Serial I/O (RS232), contact closure, TTL Graphical Vacuum Fluorescent display and keypad or Windows based PC control 90/120V AC or 220/250V AC, 50/60Hz 200x450x415mm 11 kg

PL-ELS 2100 Ice

LED 480nm Photomultiplier tube 10 - 80C Ambient to 90C Not available 60 - 100psi 100psi 0 - 3.25 SLM 0 - 5ml/min 0 - 1V FSD 24 bit (10Hz) via serial port Serial I/O (RS232), contact closure, TTL Graphical Vacuum Fluorescent display and keypad or Windows based PC control 90/120V AC or 220/250V AC, 50/60Hz 200x450x415mm 13 kg

PL-ELS 1000
Tungsten/Halogen lamp Photodiode 30 - 300C 30 - 220C 30 - 220C 60 - 100psi 150psi 0 - 1.0 SLM 0 - 0.5ml/min 0 - 1V and 0 - 10V FSD Serial I/O (RS232), contact closure, TTL, heated transfer line control Detachable IR control pad or Windows based PC control 90/120V AC or 220/250V AC, 50/60Hz 175x480x430mm 15 kg

Operation

Power Requirements Dimensions (wxdxh) Weight

Ordering Information
Item PL-ELS 2100 (110V) PL-ELS 2100 (240V) PL-ELS 2100 Ice (110V) PL-ELS 2100 Ice (240V) PL-ELS 1000 (110V) PL-ELS 1000 (240V) Part No. PL0860-0110 PL0860-0240 PL0860-1110 PL0860-1240 PL091-24797-110 PL091-24797-220

North America Polymer Laboratories Varian, Inc. Amherst Fields Research Park 160 Old Farm Road, Amherst MA 01002, USA Tel, toll free 800 767 3963 or tel 413 253 9554 Fax 413 253 2476 Email SalesUS@polymerlabs.com Email SupportUS@polymerlabs.com Credit Cards Accepted. Benelux Polymer Laboratories BV Sourethweg 1, 6422 PC Heerlen The Netherlands Tel (+31) 045 5414748 Fax (+31) 045 5410005 Email PLBenelux@polymerlabs.com New Benelux Address From April 2006 Polymer Laboratories BV Herculesweg 8, 4338 PL Middelburg The Netherlands Tel (+31) 011 8671500 Fax (+31) 011 8623193

UK / International Polymer Laboratories Ltd Essex Road, Church Stretton Shropshire SY6 6AX, UK Tel (+44) 01694 723581 Fax (+44) 01694 722171 Email Sales@polymerlabs.com Email Support@polymerlabs.com Credit Cards Accepted. France Polymer Laboratories SARL GVIO Parc de Marseille Sud Impasse du Paradou Btiment D5 BP 159 13276 Marseille Cedex 09, France Tel (+33) 04 91 17 64 00 Fax (+33) 04 91 17 64 01 Email Support@polymerlabs.fr Website www.polymerlabs.fr Germany Polymer Laboratories GmbH PEKA Park T5 (001), Otto-Hesse Strae 19 D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany Tel (+49) 06151 860690 Fax (+49) 06151 860670 Email PLDeutsch@polymerlabs.com

Contact the UK office for details of your local distributor Your local distributor is:

Now a part of Varian, Inc.

US Patent No. 6,151,113 and foreign equivalents and UK Patent Application No. 0304253.8 apply

Now a part of Varian, Inc.

All Trademarks Acknowledged Polymer Laboratories reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

www.polymerlabs.com/elsd

CS804/B/02.06