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Modern Bamboo Splitter

BY, M.Senthil Kumar S.Selvam M.Raghuram Narasus Sarathy Institute of Technology Project Guide:Mr.R.Manikandan

Abstract:

Bamboo is the worlds largest grass. Bamboo has got an important role in daily life. My project is about using the bamboo sticks for agarbathie (square) sticks. Technologies involved in cutting are so sophisticated and are too costly. In this project it makes cutting of bamboos easier. The principle involved in this is SLIDER CRANK MECHSNISM. A bamboo splitter is place at the end of ejector and bamboo is placed in between them. When the crank rotates, it moves the piston and the bamboo gets separated .This is used to split the bamboo into 8 pieces. The main advantage of this splitter bamboo of long heights can be obtained. Next is subjected for square sticks splitter. The principle involved here is ROLLING. This setup consists of four identical shaped rollers. Of which two is fixed and other two is placed above this and this pair is movable and can be adjusted. The bottom two rollers are made to rotate in clockwise direction and the upper two is made to rotate in anticlockwise direction. This is because when the bamboo is placed in this the bamboo is pushed with a greater force and at the end blades are placed. These blades are placed horizontally. This process is again carried out but this time blades are placed vertically. Thus Agarbathie sticks are obtained.

Principles Involved:
The principles involved here for the manufacture of square sticks is

Slider crank Mechanism (or) Eccentric and Rod mechanism Rolling

About The Mechanism: Slider Crank Mechanism

The arrangement of mechanical parts used to obtain a reciprocating straight-line motion from a rotating shaft; it serves the same purpose as a slider-crank mechanism and is particularly useful when the required stroke of the reciprocating motion is small in comparison with the dimensions of the driving shaft. In the figure, the eccentric disk 2 is fixed off center to the rotating shaft at A and has an eccentricity AB. The strap and rod 3 consist of two pieces clamped together in a sliding fit in a groove on the periphery of the disk. The rod is connected to the piston 4 within a housing 1. As the eccentric rotates with the shaft, it slides inside the strap, and the piston 4 moves on a straight path of length 2AB. AB is equivalent to the crankshaft and BC is equivalent to the connecting rod of a slider-crank mechanism. Because an eccentric can be attached anywhere along a shaft it is unnecessary to form any part of the shaft into a crank. Eccentrics are seldom used to transmit large forces because friction loss would be high; they are commonly used to drive the valve gears.

Eccentric Rod Mechanism:

The arrangement of mechanical parts used to obtain a reciprocating straight-line motion from a rotating shaft; it serves the same purpose as a slider-crank mechanism and is particularly useful when the required stroke of the reciprocating motion is small in comparison with the dimensions of the driving shaft. In the figure, the eccentric disk 2 is fixed off centre to the rotating shaft at A and has an eccentricity AB. The strap and rod 3 consist of two pieces clamped together in a sliding fit in a groove on the periphery of the disk. The rod is connected to the piston 4 within a housing 1. As the eccentric rotates with the shaft, it slides inside the strap, and the piston 4 moves on a straight path of length 2AB. AB is equivalent to the crankshaft and BC is equivalent to the connecting rod of a slider-crank mechanism. Because an eccentric can be attached anywhere along a shaft it is unnecessary to form any part of the shaft into a crank. Eccentrics are seldom used to transmit large forces because friction loss would be high; they are commonly used to drive the valve.

Rolling:

In technology, the principal method of forming molten metals, glass, or other substances into shapes that are small in cross-section in comparison with their length, such as bars, sheets, rods, rails, girders, and wires. Rolling is the most widely used method of shaping metals and is particularly important in the manufacture of steel for use in construction and other industries. Rolling may be done while the steel is hot (hot-rolling) or cold (cold-rolling). The process consists of passing the metal between pairs of rollers revolving at the same speed but in opposite directions and spaced so that the distance between them is slightly less than the thickness of the metal. The degree of change that can be made in the thickness of the steel depends on its temperature, with higher heat increasing the plasticity of the steel. Cold-rolling, in which unheated bars, sheets, or strips of steel are sent through the rollers, usually requires several rollings to achieve the desired shape. Cold-rolling often follows hotrolling and is done to gain better mechanical properties, better machinability, special size, a bright surface, or a thinner gauge than hot-rolling can.

Rolling was introduced to steel production in 1783 by Henry Cort, who successfully improved on earlier primitive attempts to use this technique. Since Cort's early rolling mill, which used grooved rollers, there has been a continuous development of the process and of the size of mills. Modern mills have as many as four sets of rollers, one above the other, and steel is rolled in a continuous process through one set, into another, and then back again, until the desired shape is achieved. Semifinishing mills roll the steel into rectangular shapes to be further refined; finishing mills produce steel ready for use in manufacturing. Rolling is also an important process in glassmaking. A continuous stream or ribbon of molten glass is passed between a pair of rollers that are so spaced as to control the thickness of the glass sheet. Rolling is a very rapid way to produce glass, but the glass produced is not high in surface quality owing to its contact with the metal rollers.

Methods and procedures:

Introduction:

In order to obtain square sticks the following steps are involved they are listed below

Splitting. Slicing. Making square sticks.

Splitting:

In order to make square sticks the long bamboo is broken in to 8 halves so that these bamboos are leveled for slicing. The above figure shows the splitting of a bamboo sticks in manual manner. The manual method looks like a simple method but it requires huge effort to break more than it has a got many disadvantages. These disadvantages include

Dis Advantages
Manual losses Is higher Bamboo wastes is more

Since in manual method the losses are higher, we are using the above method in slider crank mechanism or eccentric rod mechanism. Here i had come across slider crank mechanism. In slider crank mechanism the crank plays a major role.

Crank
In mechanics, arm secured at right angle to a shaft with which it can rotate or oscillate. Next to the wheel, the crank is the most important motion-transmitting device, since, with the connecting rod, it provides means for converting linear to rotary motion, and vice versa. There are many conflicting claims concerning the origin of the crank, but it has been reasonably well established that the first recognizable crank appeared in China early in the 1st century AD. The first cranks had two right-angle bends and were hand-operated. The carpenter's brace, invented about AD 1400 by a Flemish carpenter, may be considered the first complete crank, since it had four right-angle bends, with the arm and wrist of the operator forming the connecting rod.

The first mechanical connecting rods were used, it is said, on a treadle-operated machine in AD 1430. About this time flywheels were added to the rotating members to carry the members over the dead positions when the rod and the crank arm are lined up with each other (collinear). In the slider crank mechanism instead of the piston the bamboo splitter is placed. And bamboo to be cut is placed in the horizontal position between the piston and the space. So when the crank the rotates it transports its motion to the connecting rod and then the connecting rod transports the motion to bamboo splitter. Thus reciprocating motion is transferred to the bamboo splitter and thus the bamboos get spitted into 8 equal halves. Approximately these sizes will be of width 6 cm. The bamboo gets splitted as shown in the diagram as shown above.

Slicing
The next step involved in this process is slicing. Here we are coming across rolling mechanism. Here the number of rollers involved in the depends on the length and height of the bamboo to sliced. Usually for a bamboo of width 6cm and height of 1m a half a dozen pairs of rollers are used. To push the bamboo right hand side the upper roller rotates in anti-clock wise direction and the lower roller rotates in clock wise direction and for left hand side it is the viceversa of the above procedure. And at the ends a blade is placed to slice the bamboo. Here the rolling operation is carried out electrically so there the requirements for this operation is little higher.

Requirements

Six pairs if rollers of diameter 6cm A half HP motor A chamber at the end to collect the sticks Medium size blades.

The bamboos get splitted as shown below.

In the rolling operation either ball bearings or roller bearings. The roller bearing Operation is explained below

Roller bearing operation


One of the two members of the class of rolling, or so-called antifriction, bearings (the other member of the class is the ball bearing. Like a ball bearing, a roller bearing has two grooved tracks, or races, but the balls are replaced by rollers. The rollers may be cylinders or truncated cones. Only radial loads (i.e., loads perpendicular to the axis of rotation) can be carried when the rollers are cylindrical, but with conical rollers both radial and thrust, or axial, loads (i.e., ones parallel to the axis of rotation) can be carried. A needle bearing has cylindrical rollers that are relatively slender and completely fill the space between the races; in many cases the inner race is dispensed with. Because there is line contact between a roller and the races, while in a ball bearing there is point contact, in a given space a roller bearing can carry a greater radial load than a ball bearing. The structural diagram of roller bearing is shown below

Making Square sticks


The same process involved in the above slicing process is also involved here. The only difference is the type of blades used. Here a series of parallel blades placed vertically is used in this operation. The blades are placed as shown

The thickness of the stick depends on the distance between blades. The sticks will be converted as shown below

Future Enhancments
The above process is without gears. The same process can be carried with gears. By using gears in the above process we can increase the efficency of the bamboo slicer about 26.87%. Also the use of ball bearings can be used. Since the rollers have tendancy to rotate only in 180 degree. But the ball bearings can rotate in 360 degree. By replacing roller bearings with ball bearings we can control to which side the bamboo can move. Also the speed of the sliced bamboo can be increased. These are the future enhancments that can be made in the Modern Bamboo splitter.

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