Introduction
Hygiene education is about helping people to understand, firstly, what causes some of their health problems and, secondly,
what preventative measures might be possible. It needs to be approached in a very sensitive way, with a great deal of respect
being shown to local beliefs and practices.
It is estimated that diarrhoea kills about two million children each year in the developing world. Diarrhoea is frequently
caused by pathogens from human faeces entering a person’s mouth. Much, but not all, of hygiene education is concerned
with explaining this route, which is called the faecal-oral route, and suggesting ways in which it can be blocked.
These notes do not attempt to tackle the whole range of topics in hygiene education; they concentrate on providing
information about the faecal-oral transmission route and how it might be blocked.
Water
Soil
Faeces Food Mouth
Flies
Fingers
Blocking the faecal-oral transmission route
The likelihood of diarrhoea can be greatly reduced by blocking the various faecal-oral transmission routes. This can be
achieved by a combination of building latrines which incorporate blocking mechanisms and hygiene education which is
designed to result in changes to people’s personal behaviour. The process can be illustrated by using the same diagram as
before, but adding vertical bars to represent the different blocking actions, as follows:
Water
Soil
Faeces Food Mouth
Flies
Fingers
Well managed/ Traditional latrine Covering food, Handwashing after Purifying water –
hygienic latrine, VIP, cooking food defecating or eg boiling and
water-borne system, thoroughly and handling children’s chlorinating
ecological sanitation re-heating food faeces, before
system and SunPlat completely preparing food and
with cover before eating