Core Reliance Documents: .......................................................................................................... 3 Books: .................................................................................................................................... 3 Tumorigenesis/Target organs: ................................................................................................. 3 Concentration: ........................................................................................................................ 3 Fiber burden: .......................................................................................................................... 3 Attribution: ............................................................................................................................. 3 Low level exposure: ................................................................................................................ 4 PEL: ....................................................................................................................................... 4 No Safe Level: ........................................................................................................................ 4 Background: ........................................................................................................................... 5 Genetic alterations: ................................................................................................................. 5 Genetic susceptibility: ............................................................................................................. 5 Alpha by author: ......................................................................................................................... 6 Cullen: .................................................................................................................................... 6 Dodson (top cited): ................................................................................................................. 6 Egilman: ................................................................................................................................. 7 Hammar affidavits and/or declarations: ................................................................................... 7 Hammar books:....................................................................................................................... 8 Heller: ................................................................................................................................... 10 Henderson:............................................................................................................................ 11 Hillerdal:............................................................................................................................... 11 Hodgson and Darnton: .......................................................................................................... 11 Iwatsubo: .............................................................................................................................. 11 Langer and Nolan: ................................................................................................................ 12 Lemen:.................................................................................................................................. 12 Nicholson: ............................................................................................................................ 12 Reid and de Klerk: ................................................................................................................ 12 Rdelsperger: ........................................................................................................................ 13 Rolland: ................................................................................................................................ 13 Selikoff: ................................................................................................................................ 13 Suzuki:.................................................................................................................................. 13 Welch: .................................................................................................................................. 13 American Thoracic Society (ATS): ........................................................................................... 14 Helsinki: ................................................................................................................................... 14 IARC: ....................................................................................................................................... 14 IMIG Consensus Statement ....................................................................................................... 14 WHO (World Health Organization): ......................................................................................... 14 Historical: ................................................................................................................................. 14 Lung cancer, asbestosis, and pleural plaques: ............................................................................ 15 Regions: ................................................................................................................................... 16 Registers: .................................................................................................................................. 16 Calidria/UICC B asbestos: ........................................................................................................ 17 Chrysotile: ................................................................................................................................ 18 Occupations/Trades Associated with Asbestos Exposure: ......................................................... 20 General: ................................................................................................................................ 20 Construction: Carpenters/Electricians.................................................................................... 20 Page 1 of 39
Insulation workers:................................................................................................................ 20 Maintenance workers: ........................................................................................................... 21 Plumbers and Pipefitters ....................................................................................................... 21 Schools/Teachers .................................................................................................................. 21 Textile workers: .................................................................................................................... 22 Products Associated with Asbestos Exposure:........................................................................... 22 Cement pipe: ......................................................................................................................... 22 Drywall, taping and joint compounds: ................................................................................... 23 Floor tiles:............................................................................................................................. 24 Friction products/Brakes: ...................................................................................................... 24 Gaskets: ................................................................................................................................ 24 Kent cigarettes: ..................................................................................................................... 25 Longshoremen/Dockworkers/Shipbuilding Industry/Shipyard Workers................................. 25 Pulp and Paper Mills ............................................................................................................. 25 RT Vanderbilt Talc ............................................................................................................... 26 Environmental exposure to asbestos and EPA: .......................................................................... 27 Familial, Household and Non-occupational Exposure: .............................................................. 28 Low-dose exposure: .................................................................................................................. 28 Mesothelioma Types: ................................................................................................................ 29 Deciduoid mesothelioma: ...................................................................................................... 29 Localized malignant mesothelioma: ...................................................................................... 31 Metastatic mesothelioma - unusual locations ......................................................................... 31 Peritoneal mesothelioma: ...................................................................................................... 32 Pseudomesotheliomatous Adenocarcinoma: .......................................................................... 35 Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: .......................................................................... 36 Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma: .......................................................................... 37 Asbestos: Selected Cancers ....................................................................................................... 37 Translocation: ........................................................................................................................... 38 Animal Studies: ........................................................................................................................ 38 Black spots in pleura: ................................................................................................................ 38 SV40 virus: ............................................................................................................................... 38 Radiation-induced mesothelioma: ............................................................................................. 39
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Tumorigenesis/Target organs:
Weinberg RA. Chapter 11, Multistep Tumorigenesis. In: The Biology of Cancer. Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, New York 2007:399-462.
Concentration:
Dodson RF, O Sullivan M, Corn CJ, McLarty JW, Hammar SP. Analysis of asbestos fiber burden in lung tissue from mesothelioma patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 1997;21:321-336.
Fiber burden:
1. Kohyama N, Suzuki Y. Analysis of asbestos fibers in lung parenchyma, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma tissues of North American Insulation Workers. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991;643:27-52. 2. Suzuki Y, Yuen SR. Asbestos tissue burden study on human malignant mesothelioma. Ind Health 2001;39:150-160. 3. Suzuki Y, Yuen SR. Asbestos fibers contributing to the induction of human malignant mesothelioma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;982:160-176. 4. Suzuki Y, Yuen SR, Ashley R. Short, thin asbestos fibers contribute to the development of human malignant mesothelioma: pathological evidence. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005;208:201-210. 5. Dodson RF, et al. Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity: a critical review. Am J Ind Med 2003;44:291-297. 6. Dodson RF. Analysis and relevance of asbestos burden in tissue. In: Asbestos: Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects, 2nd ed. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (Eds). CRC Press/Taylor Francis 2011:49-108.
Attribution:
1. World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria 203. Evaluation of health risks
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of exposure to chrysotile asbestos. Geneva: 1998;137-144. 2. Consensus Report, Asbestos, asbestosis and cancer: The Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997;23:311-316.
PEL:
Federal Register 1986, Part II: Depart of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926: Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite & actinolite. Final Rules, pages 22612-22790; specifically, Table 6 on page 22644.
No Safe Level:
1. NIOSH, 1976 (page 92): excessive cancer risks have been demonstrated at all fiber concentrations studied to date. Evaluation of all available human data provides no evidence for a threshold or a safe level of asbestos exposure. 2. NIOSH, 1980 (page 3): All levels of asbestos exposure studied to date have demonstrated asbestos related disease there is no level of exposure below which clinical effects do not occur. 3. USPHS, 1980: It is important to point out that when a permissible level for exposure (PEL) to a certain carcinogen is set by OSHA, there is no implication that such a level is safe. To the contrary, it is the agency s policy that any occupational exposure to a carcinogen carries with it some risk of disease, even if it cannot be easily or precisely measured. 4. NIOSH, 1986 (page 319): a linear, no threshold, dose-response relationship Any asbestos exposure carries with it some increased risk of asbestos related disease. 5. OSHA, 1994 (page 40978): reducing exposure to 0.1 f/cc would further reduce, but not eliminate, significant risk. The 0.1 f/cc level leaves a remaining significant risk.
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6. WHO, 1998 (page 144): Exposure to chrysotile asbestos poses increased risks for asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma in a dose-dependent manner. No threshold has been identified for carcinogenic risks. 7. WTO, 2000: the experts confirm the position of the European Communities according to which it has not been possible to identify any threshold below which exposure to chrysotile would have no effect. The experts also agree that the linear relationship model, which does not identify any minimum exposure threshold, is appropriate for assessing the existence of a risk. We find therefore that no minimum threshold level of exposure or duration of exposure has been identified with regard to the risk of pathologies associated with chrysotile, except for asbestosis.
Background:
Roggli VL, Oury TD, Sporn TA, eds., Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases, 2nd Edition, Springer: New York, 2004 (Table 2.2).
Environmental:
1. Goldberg S, Rey G, Luce D, et al. Possible effect of environmental exposure to asbestos on geographical variation in mesothelioma rates. Occup Environ Med 2010;67:417-421. 2. Madkour MT, El Bokhary MS, Awad Allah HI, et al. Environmental exposure to asbestos and the exposure-response relationship with mesothelioma. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009;15:25-38. 3. Pan XL et al. Residential proximity to naturally occurring asbestos and mesothelioma risk in California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:1019-1025.
Genetic alterations:
Jaurand M-C. Asbestos, chromosomal deletions and tumor suppressor gene alterations in human malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2006;54 (Supp 1):S15;#59.
Genetic susceptibility:
Neri M, Ugolini D, Dianzani I, et al. Genetic susceptibility to malignant pleural mesothelioma and other asbestos-associated diseases. Mutat Res 2008;659:126-136.
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Alpha by author:
Cullen:
1. Cullen MR, et al. Predictors of lung cancer among asbestos-exposed men in the betacarotene and Retinol efficacy trial. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:260-270. 2. Cullen MR, Baloyi RS. Chrysotile asbestos and health in Zimbabwe: I. Analysis of miners and millers compensated for asbestos-related diseases since independence (1980). Am J Ind Med 1991;19:161-169.
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Egilman:
1. Exposing the myth of ABC, Anything but Chrysotile. Egilman D et al. Am J Ind Med 2003;44:540-557. 2. Letters to the Editor. Egilman s response re Controlled Use of Asbestos. Am J Occup Env Health 2004. 3. Abuse of epidemiology: automobile manufacturers manufacture a defense to asbestos liability. Egilman DS, Billings MA. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:360-371. 4. Letters to the Editor. Egilman s response re Setting the Record Straight. Int J Occup Environ Health 2006. 5. Against anti-health epidemiology: corporate obstruction of public health via manipulation of epidemiology. Egilman D, Howe S. Int J Occup Environ Health 2007;13:118-124 6. Fiber types, asbestos potency, and environmental causation: a peer review of published work and legal and regulatory scientific testimony. Egilman D. Int J Occup Environ Health 2009;15:202-228. 7. A case of occupational peritoneal mesothelioma from exposure to tremolite-free chrysotile in Quebec, Canada: A black swan case. Egilman D, Menendez LM. Am J Ind Med 2010;
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Hammar books:
Dail and Hammar s Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd edition. Tomashefski JF Jr., Cagle PT, Farver CF, Fraire AE (Ed). Springer 2008 (2 volume set) Chapter 27 (volume I) Asbestos. Hammar SP, Dodson RF. Pages 950-1031 Chapter 43 (volume II) Neoplasms of the Pleura. Hammar SP, Henderson DW, Klebe S, Dodson RF. Pages 558-734 - Mesothelioma: Incidence and epidemiology, pgs 559-561 - Asbestos: Etiology, pgs 561-563 - Malignant mesothelioma in children, pg 565 - Occupations at risk, pgs 568-570 - Pleural/peritoneal mesothelioma ratios, pgs 570-571 - Latency, pg 573 - Mineral fibers and mesothelioma, pgs 573-578 - Asbestos fiber types and dose, and mesothelioma risk and induction, pgs 579-581 - Threshold or minimal level of asbestos exposure, pgs 581-582 - Chrysotile and mesothelioma, pgs 582-587 o The Quebec chrysotile cohort, pg 583 o Other chrysotile-exposed cohorts/studies, pgs 583-584 o Chrysotile content of human lung tissue from mesothelioma patients, pgs 584-585 o Chrysotile only exposure: asbestos and mesothelioma among automotive and brake mechanics, pgs 585-587 - The Molecular Pathogenesis and Pathology of Malignant Mesothelioma, pgs 587-599 - Pathologic Features of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, pgs 599-639 o Epithelial mesothelioma, pgs 601-608 o Sarcomatoid mesothelioma, pgs 608-610 o Biphasic malignant mesothelioma, pgs 611612 o Transitional mesothelioma, pgs 612-613 o Pleomorphic mesothelioma, pg 613 o Mesotheliomas showing variable differentiation, pg 613 o Histochemical features, pgs 613-615 o Immunohistochemical features, pgs 615-631 o Ultrastructural features, pgs 631-637 o Cytogenetic and molecular features, pgs 637-639 - Rare/unusual mesotheliomas or mesothelial proliferations, pgs 639-661
Mesothelioma rates in groups exposed occupationally to asbestos, according to fiber types and duration (Table 43.8): Industry: Textile manufacture and insulation Mixed fiber exposure: crocidolite, amosite, chrysotile Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 1,520 o 25-30 = 1,710 o 31+ = 3,180 Insulation workers Mixed fiber exposure: mainly amosite Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 290 o 25-29 = 1,550 o 30-34 = 2,760 o 35-39 = 6,300 o 40-44 = 6,330 o 45+ = 8,110 Fibrous cement manufacture Mixed fiber exposure: crocidolite and chrysotile Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 2,700 o 25-29 = 6,300 o 30-34 = 9,600 Textile manufacture Chrysotile, some crocidolite Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 108 o 25-29 = 143 o 30-34 = 1,156 o 35-39 = 493 o 40+ = 1,774 Insulation manufacture Amosite
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Adenomatoid tumor of the pleura, pgs 640641 o Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma, pgs 641-642 o Noninvasive atypical mesothelial proliferations, pgs 642-648 o Small cell mesothelioma, pgs 648-649 o Deciduoid mesothelioma, pg 649 o Mucin-positive epithelial mesothelioma, pgs 649-650 o Gaucher cell-like mesothelioma, pg 650 o Multicystic mesothelioma, pg 650-652 o Desmoplastic sarcomatoid mesothelioma and its distinction from benign fibrous pleuritis, pgs 652-657 o Lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma, pgs 657659 o Pleomorphic mesothelioma, pgs 659-660 o Localized malignant mesothelioma, pgs 660-661 Pseudomesotheliomatous tumors of the pleura, pgs 670-672 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura, pgs 678-683 o
Asbestos: Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds). CRC Press/Taylor Francis 2006 o Chapter 1: The history of the Extraction and Uses of Asbestos by Arthur L. Frank o Chapter 2: Asbestos analysis and methods by James R. Millette o Chapter 3: Analysis and relevance of asbestos burden in tissue by Ronald F. Dodson o Chapter 4: Molecular and cellular responses to asbestos exposure by Mark A. L. Atkinson o Chapter 5: The pathologic features of asbestosinduced disease by Samuel P. Hammar o Chapter 6: Epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases and the knowledge that led to what is known today by Richard A. Lemen o Chapter 7: Clinical diagnosis of asbestos-related disease by Gary K. Friedman o Chapter 8: Core curriculum for practicing physicians by Jeffrey L. Levin and Paul P. Rountree Asbestos: Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects, 2nd ed. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds). CRC Press/Taylor Francis Group 2011 o Chapter 1: The history of asbestos utilization and recognition of asbestos-induced disease
Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 744 o 25-29 = 2,623 o 30-34 = 5,078 o 35+ = 1,842 Dockyards Mixed fiber exposure Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 120 o 25-29 = 410 o 30-34 = 220 o 35-40 = 370 o 40-44 = 1,240 o 45-49 = 1,510 Mining and milling Crocidolite Duration (years since 1st employed) and rate per 106 person-years: o 20-24 = 900 o 25-29 = 2,200 o 30-34 = 3,000 o 35-39 = 7,000
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o o o
o o o
o o o o
o o
by DW Henderson and J Leigh Chapter 2: Asbestos analysis methods by JR Millette Chapter 3: Analysis and relevance of asbestos burden in tissue by RF Dodson Chapter 4: The molecular pathogenesis of asbestos-related disorders by S Klebe and DW Henderson Chapter 5: Epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases and the knowledge that led to what is known today by RA Lemen Chapter 6: Asbestos and carcinoma of the lung by DW Henderson and J Leigh Chapter 7: Asbestos and mesothelioma by SP Hammar Chapter 8: Asbestos and other cancers by SP Hammar, RA Lemen, DW Henderson, and J Leigh Chapter 9: Asbestosis by SP Hammar Chapter 10: Asbestos-induced pleural disease by SP Hammar Chapter 11: Uncommon nonmalignant asbestos-induced conditions by SP Hammar Chapter 12: Clinical diagnosis and management of nonmalignant asbestosrelated disorders by GK Friedman Chapter 13: Malignant diseases attributed to asbestos exposure by GK Friedman Chapter 14: Core curriculum for practicing physicians related to asbestos by JL Levin and PP Rountree Chapter 15: Asbestos regulations and their applications by DT Crane and AC Malott
Heller:
1. Heller DS, Gordon RE, Westhoff C, Gerber S. Asbestos exposure and ovarian fiber burden. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:435-439.
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Henderson:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Henderson DW, Rodelsperger K Woitowitz H-J, Leigh J. After Helsinki: a multidisciplinary review of the relationship between asbestos exposure and lung cancer, with emphasis on studies published during 1997-2004. Pathology 2004;36:517-550. WTO March 12, 2001. European communities measures affecting asbestos and asbestos-containing products. Henderson DW. Friction products (e.g. brake linings). WT/DS135/AB/R, pages 300-304. Henderson DW, et al. Asbestos and lung cancer: is it attributable to asbestosis or to asbestos fiber burden? In: Pathology of Lung Tumors. Corrin B (ed). Churchill Linvinstone 1997;83-118. Henderson DW, Roggli VL, Shilkin KB, Hammar SP, Leigh J. Is asbestosis an obligate precursor for asbestos-induced lung cancer? Chapter 4. In: Asbestos Health Effects, Treatment and Control. Peters GA, Peters BJ (eds). The Michie Company; 1995;97-168. Henderson DW, et al. Lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma: a rare lymphomatoid variant of predominantly sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Ultrastructural Pathol 1988;12:367-384
Hillerdal:
1. Hillerdal G, Henderson DW. Asbestos, asbestosis, pleural plaques and lung cancer. Scan J Work Environ Health 1997;23:93-103. 2. Hillerdal G. Mesothelioma: Cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:505-513.
Iwatsubo:
1. Iwatsubo Y, Pairon JC, Boutin C, et al. Pleural mesothelioma: Dose-response relation at low levels of asbestos exposure in a French population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:133-142.
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Lemen:
1. Lemen RA. Asbestos in brakes: Exposure and risk of disease. Am J Ind Med 2004;45:229237. 2. Lemen RA. Chrysotile asbestos as a cause of mesothelioma: application of the Hill causation mode. Int J Occup Environ Health 2004;10:233-239. 3. Lemen RA. Dement JM, Wagoner JK. Epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases. Environ Health Perspect 1980;34:1-11. 4. Lemen RA. Epidemiology of Asbestos-related Diseases and the Knowledge that Led to What is Known Today. In: Dodson RF, Hammar SP (Eds.), Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, and Health Effects, 2nd ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis 2011. 5. Lemen RA. Affidavit re joint compounds dated April 26, 2006.
Nicholson:
1. Nicholson WJ. Comparative dose-response relationships of asbestos fiber types: magnitudes and uncertainties. Nicholson WJ. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991;643:74-84. 2. Nicholson WJ. The carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos-A review. Industrial Health 2001;39:57-64.
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Rdelsperger:
1. Rdelsperger K, Jockel K-H, Pohlabein H, et al. Asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers as risk factors for diffuse malignant mesothelioma: Results from a German hospital-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:262-275. 2. Rdelsperger K, Jahn H, Bruckel B, et al. Asbestos dust exposure during brake repair. Am J Ind Med 1986;10:63-72.
Rolland:
1. Rolland P, Gramond C, Lacourt A, et al. Occupations and industries in France at high risk for pleural mesothelioma: A population-based case-control study (1998-2002). Am J Ind Med 2010. Note: Abstract appeared in Lung Cancer 2006;54:S9(35). 2. Lacourt A, Rolland P, Gramond C, et al. Attributable risk in men in two French casecontrol studies on mesothelioma and asbestos. Eur J Epidemiol 2010.
Selikoff:
Selikoff IJ, Hammond EC, Churg J. Asbestos exposure, smoking, and neoplasia. JAMA 1968;204:104-110.
Suzuki:
1. Translocation of inhaled asbestos fibers from the lung to other tissues. Suzuki Y, Kohyama N. Am J Ind Med 1991;19:701-704. 2. Analysis of asbestos fibers in lung parenchyma, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma tissues of North American Insulation Workers. Kohyama N and Suzuki Y. Ann NY Academy of Sciences 1991;643:27-52 3. Asbestos tissue burden study on human malignant mesothelioma. Suzuki Y, Yuen SR. Ind Health 2001;39:150-160. 4. Asbestos fibers contributing to the induction of human malignant mesothelioma. Suzuki Y, Yuen SR. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;982:160-176. 5. Short, thin asbestos fibers contribute to the development of human malignant mesothelioma: pathological evidence. Suzuki Y et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005;208:201-210.
Welch:
1. Welch LS. Asbestos exposure causes mesothelioma, but not this asbestos exposure: An amicus brief to the Michigan Supreme Court. Int J Occup Environ Health 2007;13:318327. 2. Welch LS, et al. Asbestos and peritoneal mesothelioma among college-educated men. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:254-258.
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Helsinki:
1. Asbestos, asbestosis and cancer: The Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution. Anonymous. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997;23:311-316. 2. After Helsinki: a multidisciplinary review of the relationship between asbestos exposure and lung cancer, with emphasis on studies published during 1997-2004. Henderson DW, et al. Pathology 2004;36:517-550.
IARC:
IARC Special Report: Policy. A review of human carcinogens-Part C: metals, arsenic, dusts, and fibres. www.thelancet.com/oncology Volume 10 May 2009
Historical:
1. Lynch KM, Smith WA. Pulmonary asbestosis III: Carcinoma of the lung in asbestosissilicosis. Am J Cancer 1935;24:56-64. 2. Wedler HW. Uber den Lungenkrebs bei Asbestose. Dtsch Arch Klin Med 1943;191:189-209. 3. Mallory TB, Castleman B, Harris EE. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital #33111. N Eng J Med 1947;236:407-412. 4. Merewether ERA. Annual report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the year 1947. London: His Majesty s Stationery Office 1949:78-81. 5. Editorial: Asbestosis and cancer of the lung. JAMA 1949;140:1219-1220. 6. Doll R. Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers. Br J Ind Med 1955;12:81-86. 7. Wagner JC, Sleggs CA, Marchand P. Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province. Br J Ind Med 1960;17:260-271. 8. Selikoff IJ, Churg J, Hammond EC. The occurrence of asbestosis among insulation workers in the United States. Ann NY Acad Sci 1965;132:139-155. 9. Asbestos: from magic to malevolent mineral by Gee D, Greenberg M.
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Regions:
1. Newhouse ML, Thompson H. Mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum following exposure to asbestos in the London area. Brit J Industr Med 1965;22:261-269 2. Teta MJ, et al. Mesothelioma in Connecticut, 1955-1977: Occupational and geographic associations. J Occup Med 1983;25:749-756. 3. Baris YI, et al. An epidemiological study in an Anatolian village environmentally exposed to tremolite asbestos. Brit J Industr Med 1988;45:838-840 4. Leigh J et al. Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945-2000. Am J Ind Med 2002;41:188-201. 5. Rees D, et al., Asbestos lung fibre concentrations in South African Chrysotile Mine Workers. Ann Occup Hyg 2001;45:473-477 6. Case BW et al. Lung-retained fibre content in Brazilian chrysotile workers. Ann Occup Hyg 2002;46:144-149 7. Mirabelli D, et al. Excess of mesotheliomas after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:815-819 8. McCulloch J. Asbestos mining in Southern Africa, 1893-2002. Int J Occup Environ Health 2003;9:230-235 9. McCulloch J. Asbestos mining and occupational disease in Southern Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 1915-1998. History Workshop Journal 2003;56:131-152 10. British Thoracic Society Statement. Statement on malignant mesothelioma in the United Kingdom. Thorax 2001;56:250-265. 11. Rake C, et al. Occupational, domestic and environmental mesothelioma risks in the British population: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1175-1183. (www.bjcancer.com) 12. Musk AB et al. Mortality of former crocidolite (blue asbestos) miners and millers at Wittenoom. Occup Environ Med 2008;65(8);541-543. 13. CDC. Malignant mesothelioma mortality --- United States, 1995-2005. (www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview) 14. Madkour MT, El Bokhary MS, Awad Allah HI, et al. Environmental exposure to asbestos and the exposure-response relationship with mesothelioma. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009;15:25-38. (Cairo, Egypt)
Registers:
1. Federal Register 1986: 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926, Volume 51, No. 119. Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite & actinolite. OSHA Final Rules. See page 22644 for Asbestos fiber concentration and cancer mortality (Table 6). 2. Federal Register 1994: 29 CFR Parts 1910, et al. Volume 59, No. 153. Occupational exposure to asbestos. Final rule. 3. Federal Register 2008: 30 CFR Parts 56, 57 and 71. Volume 73, No. 41. Asbestos exposure limit. Final rule. 4. Australian Mesothelioma Register Report 1999: The incidence of mesothelioma in Australia 1994 to 1996.
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24. Dodson RF, Atkinson MAL, Levin JL. Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity: a critical review. Am J Ind Med 2003;44:291-297 25. McCulloch J. Asbestos mining and occupational disease in Southern Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 1915-98. History Workshop Journal 2003:131-152. 26. In Re: Asbestos Litigation Brake Hearing, May 5, 2003. Cause No. 2004-03964. In the District Court, Harris County, Texas, 11th Judicial District 27. Egilman D et al. Exposing the myth of ABC, Anything but Chrysotile. Am J Ind Med 2003;44:540-557. 28. Lemen RA. Chrysotile asbestos as a cause of mesothelioma: application of the Hill causation model. Int J Occup Environ Health 2004;10:233-239. 29. Egilman DS, Billings MA. Abuse of epidemiology: automobile manufacturers manufacture a defense to asbestos liability. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:360-371 30. Suzuki Y et al. Short, thin asbestos fibers contribute to the development of human malignant mesothelioma: pathological evidence. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005;208:201210. 31. Hein MJ, Stayner L, Lehman E, Dement JM. Follow-up study of chrysotile textile workers: cohort mortality and exposure response. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:616-625. 32. Mirabelli D, et al. Excess of mesotheliomas after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:815-819. 33. Hasanoglu H, Bayram E, et al. Orally ingested chrysotile asbestos affects rat lungs and pleura. Arch Env Occup Health 2008;63:71-75. 34. Loomis D, Dement JM, Wolf SH, Richardson DB. Lung cancer mortality and fibre exposures among North Carolina asbestos textile workers. Occup Environ Med 2009;66:535-542. 35. Yano E, Wang Z-M, et al. Case report: Mesothelioma in a worker who spun chrysotile asbestos at home during childhood. Am J Ind Med 2009;1-6. 36. Kanarek MS. Mesothelioma from chrysotile asbestos: update. Ann Epidemiol 2011;21:688-697. See discussion re chrysotile asbestos in Asbestos: Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds), 2nd ed. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2011:196226. Chapter 27 by Hammar SP, Dodson RF. Asbestos. In: Dail and Hammar s Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd Edition. Tomashefski JF et al. (Eds.) New York: Springer 2008
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Construction: Carpenters/Electricians
1. McDonald JC, et al. Case-referent survey of young adults with mesothelioma: II. Occupational Analyses. Ann Occup Hyg 2001;45:519-523 2. Dement J et al. Cancer incidence among Union carpenters in New Jersey. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45:1059-1067
List of occupations associated with asbestos exposure, including but not limited to: Boilermakers Bakers Brake repair and instillation workers Bricklayers and masons Carpenters Cement workers Custodial workers Drywall workers Electricians Engineers Insulators Jewelers Laborers Longshoremen Machinists Maintenance workers Mechanics Merchant Seamen Millwrights Painters Petro-chemical workers Plasterers Plumbers Pipefitters Power Plant workers Railroad workers Roofers Rubber workers Sheet metal workers Shipyard workers Smelter workers School teachers Steel workers Sulfate mill workers Welders
Insulation workers:
1. Ribak J, Lilis R, Suzuki Y, Penner L, Selikoff IJ. Malignant mesothelioma in a cohort of asbestos insulation workers: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and causes of death. British J Ind Med 1988;45:182-187 2. Selikoff IJ, Seidman H. Asbestos-associated deaths among insulation workers in the United States and Canada, 1967-1987. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991;643:1-14 3. Kohyama N and Suzuki Y. Analysis of asbestos fibers
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in lung parenchyma, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma tissues of North American Insulation Workers. Ann NY Academy of Sciences 1991;643:2752.
Maintenance workers:
Burdett G, Bard D. Exposure of UK Industrial plumbers to asbestos, Part I: Monitoring of exposure using personal passive samplers. Ann Occup Hyg 2007;51:121-130
Schools/Teachers
1. Asbestos in Public and Commercial Buildings: a literature review and synthesis of current knowledge. Health Effects Institute-Asbestos Research 2. Asbestos in Colorado schools. Baldwin CA, et al. Prevention 1982;97:325-___ 3. Asbestos-associated pleural mesothelioma in school teachers: a discussion of four cases. Lilienfeld DE. 4. Mesothelioma among employees with likely contact with in-place asbestos-containing building materials. Anderson HA, et al. 5. Summary statistics for average airborne fiber concentrations in U.S. schools and buildings. Darcey DJ, Alleman T. In: Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases, 2nd Ed. Roggli VL, Oury TD, Sporn TA.
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Textile workers:
Loomis D, Dement JM, Wolf SH, Richardson DB. Lung cancer mortality and fibre exposures among North Carolina asbestos textile workers. Occup Environ Med 2009;66:535-542.
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Floor tiles:
1. Crossman RN, Williams MG, Lauderdale J, Schosek K, Dodson RF. Quantification of fiber releases for various floor tile removal methods. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1996;11:11131124. 2. Murphy RL, Levine BW, Al Bazzaz FJ, Lynch JL, Burgess WA. Floor tile installation as a source of asbestos exposure. Am Rev Respir Disease 1971;104:576-
Friction products/Brakes:
1. Finkelstein MM. Asbestos fibre concentrations in the lungs of brake workers: Another look. Ann Occup Hyg 2008;52:455-461 2. Welch L. Asbestos exposure causes mesothelioma, but not this asbestos exposure: An amicus brief to the Michigan Supreme Court. Int J Occup Environ Health 2007;13:318327. 3. Egilman DS, Billings MA. Abuse of epidemiology: automobile manufacturers manufacture a defense to asbestos liability. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:360-371 (see also Tab 11) 4. Lemen RA. Asbestos in brakes: exposure and risk of disease. Am J Indust Med 2004;45:229-237. 5. WTO document re friction products (e.g., brake linings). European Communities Measures affecting asbestos and asbestos-containing products: report of the panel. World Trade Organization-WT/DS135/R300-304. Henderson DW. 2000 6. Huncharek M et al. Pleural mesothelioma in a brake mechanic. Br J Ind Med 1989;46:6971. 7. Rodelsperger K et al. Asbestos dust exposure during brake repair. Am J Ind Med 1986;10:63-72. 8. Leigh, J. Letter from Dr. James Leigh to the US EPA dated 10/1/03 9. OSHA 2006. Automotive brake and clutch repair work. 10. Lorimer WV et al. Asbestos exposure of brake repair workers in the United States. Mt Sinai J of Med 1976;43:207-218. See discussion by Lemen RA concerning Brake repair and installation workers in Asbestos: Risk assessment, epidemiology, and health effects, 2nd ed. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds.) CRC Press/Taylor Francis 2011:172-175.
Gaskets:
1. Dodson RF, Hammar SP, Poye LW. Mesothelioma in an individual following exposure to crocidolite-containing gaskets as a teenager. Int J Occup Environ Health 2011;17:190194. 2. Longo WE et al. Fiber release during the removal of asbestos-containing gaskets. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2002;17:55-62. 3. Hubbard & Longo. Detection of amphibole asbestos in chrysotile sheet gaskets. (Plaintiff s exhibit not dated) 4. Fowler DP. Exposures to asbestos arising from bandsawing gasket material. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2000;15:404-408. 5. McKinnery WN, Moore RW. Evaluation of airborne asbestos fiber levels during removal and installation of gaskets and packing. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992;53:531-532. 6. Cheng RT, McDermott HJ. Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets. Appl Occup
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Environ Hyg 1991;6:588-591. 7. Millette JR. Asbestos-containing sheet gaskets and packing. Sourcebook on Asbestos Diseases. 8. Millette JR et al. Releasability of asbestos fibers from asbestos-containing gaskets. EIA Technical Journal 1995;10-15. 9. Millette JR. MVA0478 report of results concerning Crane packing materials dated April 12, 1993. 10. Millette JR. MVA0858 report of results concerning Flexitallic gaskets dated April 21, 1994. 11. Millette JR. MVA6896 report on analysis of materials for asbestos in Garlock 7228 gaskets dated January 25, 2007. 12. Millette JR. MVA6896 report on analysis of materials for asbestos in Cranite gaskets dated January 25, 2007. 13. Longo WE et al. Exposure to asbestos-containing gaskets during AC compressor remanufacturing. MAS report dated May 6, 2005. 14. Asbestos exposure from gasket operations. Navy Regional Medical Center, Bremerton; May 1978. 15. Parker FM, CIH. Letter to U.S. Dept. of Labor/OSHA dated October 24, 2001.
Kent cigarettes:
1. Dodson RF, Hammar SP. Pleural mesothelioma in a woman whose documented past exposure to asbestos was from smoking asbestos-containing filtered cigarettes. Inhal Toxicol 2006;18:679-684. 2. Longo WE, Rigler MW, Slade J. Crocidolite asbestos fibers in smoke from original Kent cigarettes. Cancer Res 1995;55:2232-2235. 3. Talcott JA, Thurber WA, Kantor AF, et al. Asbestos-associated diseases in a cohort of cigarette-filter workers. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1220-1223.
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RT Vanderbilt Talc
1. Brown DP, Dement JM, Wagoner JK. Mortality patterns among miners and millers occupationally exposed to asbestiform talc. In: Dusts and Disease. Lemen R, Dement JM. Pathotox Publishers, Inc. 1979. Exh 564 2. Dement JM, Brown DP. Letter to Am Ind Hyg Assoc J June 1982, A-24-A25. Exh 745 3. Rohl AN, Langer AM. Fibrous mineral content of consumer talc-containing products, pages 393-403. Exh 822 4. Kleinfeld M, Messite J, Kooyman O, et al. Mortality among talc miners and millers in New York State. Arch Environ Health 1967;14:663-667. Exh 355 5. Kleinfeld M, Messite J, Zaki MH. Mortality experiences among talc workers: a follow-up study. J Occup Med 1974;16:345-349. Exh 358 6. Hull MJ, Abraham JL, Case BW. Mesothelioma among workers in asbestiform fiberbearing talc mines in New York State. Ann Occup Hyg 2002;46:132-135. Exh 189 7. Webber JS, Jackson KW, Parekh P, Bopp RF. Reconstruction of a century of airborne asbestos concentrations. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:707-714. 8. Vianna NJ, Maslowsky J, Roberts S, et al. Malignant mesothelioma: epidemiologic patterns in New York State. NY State J Med 1981;April:735-738. 9. Internal Correspondence: Johns-Manville October 11, 1974 re Optical and TEM counting of asbestos minerals in asbestine 3X, asbestine 325, Nytal 200, and Nytal 400 as currently produced by R.T. Vanderbilt Company. Exh 42 10. Internal Correspondence: Johns-Manville February 18, 1977 re Paper by C.S. Thompson concerning Asbestos in Your Future. Exh 41 11. NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 90-390 and MHETA 86-012 re RT Vanderbilt Company. Exh 257 12. NIOSH Technical Report re Occupational Exposure to Talc Containing Asbestos. Exh 381 13. Final report Industrial Hygiene Study of the Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine and Mill, Volume II, Talc Bulk Sample Analyses by NIOSH. Electron Microscope Analyses of RT Vanderbilt Talcs collected from Talc Suppliers. Analyses performed by John M. Dement and Ralph D. Zumwalde, October 1976. Exh 264 14. Summary Report of DRDS Ethical and Legal Investigation dated August 11, 1988. Memorandum to J. Donald Miller, M.D., Director, NIOSH re employees of R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Exh 436
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Low-dose exposure:
a. Hillerdal G. Mesothelioma: cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:506-513 b. Iwatsubo Y, et al. Pleural mesothelioma: dose-response relation at low levels of asbestos exposure in a French population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:133-42. c. Rodelsperger et al. Asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers as risk factors for diffuse malignant mesothelioma: results from a German hospital-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:262-275. d. Hodgson JT, Darnton A. The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 2000;44:565-601. e. Rolland P, et al. Risk of pleural mesothelioma: A French population-based case-control study (1998-2002). Lung Cancer 2006;54:S9(35). f. Federal Register 1986/Vol. 51 No. 119/pg. 22644 g. OSHA asbestos PELs and risk. E-mail from Dodson See discussion on Take Home and Community Exposures to Asbestos in Chapter 5 by Lemen RA in: Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, and Health Effects, 2nd ed. Dodson RA, Hammar SP (eds.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group 2011:189-192.
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Mesothelioma Types:
Deciduoid mesothelioma:
1. Talerman A, Chilcote RR, Montero JR, et al. Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a 13-year-old girl. Am J Surg Pathol 1985;9:73-80 2. Crotty TB, Myers JL, Katzenstein AL, et al. Localized malignant mesothelioma. A clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study. Am J Surg Pathol 1994:18:357-363. 3. Nascimento AG, Keeney GL, Fletcher CDM. Deciduoid peritoneal mesothelioma: an unusual phenotype affecting young females. Am J Surg Pathol 1994:18:439-445. 4. Orosz Z, Nagy P Szentirmay Z, et al. Epithelial mesothelioma with deciduoid features. Virchows Arch 1999:434:263-266. 5. Ordonez NG. Epithelial mesothelioma with deciduoid features: report of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2000:24:816-823. 6. Shanks JH, Harris M, Banerjee SS, et al. Mesotheliomas with deciduoid morphology: a morphologic spectrum and a variant not confined to young females. Am J Surg Pathol 2000:24:285-294. 7. Desai S, Kane S, Bharde S, et al. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma deciduoid or anaplastic variant? Point to ponder. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2000:43:479-483. 8. Putlaguata L, Vriend RA, Nguyen G. Deciduoid epithelial mesothelioma of the pleura with focal rhabdoid change. Am J Surg Pathol 2000:24:1440-1443. 9. Gloeckner-Hofmann K, Zhu X, Bartels H, et al. Deciduoid pleural mesothelioma affecting a young female without prior asbestos exposure. Respiration 2000:67:456-458. 10. Gillespie FR, van der Walt JD, Derias N, Kenney A. Case report: deciduoid peritoneal mesothelioma: a report of the cytological appearances. Cytopathology 2001;12:57-61 11. Henley JD, Loehrer PJ Sr, Ulbright TM. Deciduoid mesothelioma of the pleura after radiation therapy for Hodgkin s disease presenting as a mediastinal mass. Am J Surg Pathol 2001:25:547-548. 12. Monaghan H, Al-Nafussi A. Deciduoid pleural mesothelioma. Histopathol 2001:39:100-107. 13. Okonkwo A, Musunuri S, Diaz L Jr, et al. Deciduoid mesothelioma: a rare, distinct entity with unusual features. Ann Diag Pathol 2001:5:168-171. 14. Shia J, Erlandson RA, Klimstra DS. Deciduoid mesothelioma: a report of 5 cases and literature review. Ultrastructural Pathology 2002;26:355-363. 15. Reis-Filho JS, Pope LZB, Milanezi F, et al. Primary epithelial malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium with deciduoid features: cytohistologic and immunohistochemical study. Diag Cytopathol 2002:26:117-122. 16. Serio G, Scattone A, Pennella A, et al. Malignant deciduoid mesothelioma of the pleura: report of two cases with long survival. Histopathol 2002:40:348-352. 17. Chung DJ, Kang YW, Kim BK, et al. Deciduoid peritoneal mesothelioma: CT findings with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging 2003:28:614-616. 18. Asroli S, Piaz GD, Damiani S. Localized pleural malignant mesothelioma: report of two cases simulating pulmonary carcinoma and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 2004:445:206-209. 19. Maeda S, Hosone M, Katayama H, et al. Deciduoid mesothelioma in the pelvic cavity. Pathol lnterna 2004:54:67-72. 20. Mourra N, de Chaisemartin C, Goubin-Versini I, et al. Malignant deciduoid mesothelioma: a diagnostic challenge. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005:129:403-6. 21. Kimura N, Ogasawara T, Asonuma S, et al. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and interleukin 6-producing diffuse deciduoid peritoneal mesothelioma. Mod Pathol 2005:18:446-450.
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22. Baker PM, Clement PB, Young RH. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in women: a study of 75 cases with emphasis on their morphologic spectrum and differential diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2005:123:724-737. 23. Allen TC, Cagle PT, Churg AM, Colby TV, Gibbs AR, Hammar SP, Corson JM, Grimes MM, Ordonez NG, Roggli V, Travis WD, Wick MR. Localized Malignant Mesothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:866-873. 24. Kondi-Pafiti A, Grapsa D, Kontogianni-Katsarau K, et al. Ectopic decidua mimicking metastatic lesions report of three cases and review of the literature. Eur J Gynaec Oncol 2005:26:459-461. This entity is discussed in Dail & Hammar s Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd Edition. Volume II, Chapter 43, page 649
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Peritoneal mesothelioma:
1. Acheson ED, Gardner MJ. Mesothelioma and exposure to mixtures of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos. Arch Environ Health 1979;34:240-242. 2. Langer AM, Nolan RP. Asbestos in the lungs of persons exposed in the USA. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1998;53:168-180. 3. Dodson RF, O Sullivan M, Corn CJ, et al. Analysis of asbestos fiber burden in lung tissue from mesothelioma patients. Ultrastructural Pathology 1997;21:321-336. 5 peritoneal mesotheliomas with high concentrations of asbestos fibers/bodies identified in 3 cases and significantly lower concentrations in 2 cases. Findings show that peritoneal mesotheliomas occur at a variety of concentrations of asbestos in lung tissue. 4. Dodson RF, O Sullivan MF, Huang J, Holiday DB, Hammar, SP. Asbestos in extrapulmonary sites omentum and mesentery. Chest 2000;117:486-493. Asbestos fibers reach areas in the peritoneal cavity where some mesotheliomas develop. This study suggests their presence can be predicted based on concentrations and characteristics of fiber burdens in lung tissue. 5. Dodson RF, et al. Asbestos content of omentum and mesentery in nonoccupationally exposed individuals. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2002;17:1-6. Asbestos fibers in occupationally exposed individuals relocate from the lung to extrapulmonary sites. A mechanism for relocation is via the lymphatic circulation. This study shows that asbestos fibers also reach the mesentery and omentum in the peritoneal area. 6. Heller DS, Gordon RE, Westhoff C, Gerber S. Asbestos exposure and ovarian fiber burden. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:435-439. 9/13 women exposed to asbestos had asbestos in their ovarian tissue (69.23%); 3 (23%) had counts over 1 million fibers per gram of wet weight; 6/17 women had detectable asbestos in their ovaries (35%) with 1 (6%) having a count over 1 million fibers/gram wet weight; 13 women had a history of domestic bystander exposure to asbestos. 7. IARC. A special report: policy. A review of human carcinogens Part C: metals, arsenic, dusts, and fibres. www.thelancet.com/oncology; The Lancet 2009;10:453-454. 8. NIOSH Report to Congress on Workers Home Contamination Study Conducted Under the Workers Family Protection Act (29 USC. 671a) in 1995. See Table 2 re Health Effects of Take-Home Asbestos Exposure (Cohort Studies). 9. Boffetta P. Epidemiology of peritoneal mesothelioma: a review. Ann Oncol 2007;18:985-990. 10. Clement PB. Selected miscellaneous ovarian lesions: small cell carcinomas, mesothelial lesions, mesenchymal and mixed neoplasms, and non-neoplastic lesions. Modern Pathol 2005;18:S113-S129. 11. Deraco M, Bartlett D, Kusamura S, Baratti D. Consensus Statement on Peritoneal Mesothelioma. J Surg Oncol 2008;98:268-272. 12. Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordonez NG, Krausz T, et al. Guidelines for the pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: a consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009;133:1317-1331. 13. Kurimoto R, Kishimoto T, Nagai Y, et al. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: quantitative analysis of asbestos burden. Pathology International 2009;59:823-827. 14. Rittinghausen S, Ernst H, Muhle H, Mohr U. Atypical malignant mesotheliomas with osseous and cartilaginous differentiation after intraperitoneal injection of various types of mineral fibres in rats. Exp Tox Pathol 1992;44:55-58. 15. Andrion A, Bosia, Paoletti L, et al. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a 17-year-old boy with evidence of previous exposure to chrysotile and tremolite asbestos. Human Pathology 1994;25:617-622. A 17-year-old boy whose lung tissue contained 316,000 fibers
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of chrysotile asbestos per gram of dry lung tissue and 194,000 fibers of tremolite asbestos per gram of dry lung tissue. The length of the chrysotile fibers ranged from 1.5 to 20 microns and had a mean of 12 microns. The tremolite fibers ranged from 0.5 to 15 microms and had a 5 micron average length. 5% of the chrysotile fibers were >5 microns long and 30% of the tremolite fibers were 5 microns long. 16. Berry G, de Klerk NH, Reid A, et al. Malignant pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas in former miners and millers of crocidolite at Wittenoom, Western Australia. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:e14. 33 peritoneal mesotheliomas. 17. Borow M, Conston A, Livornese L, Schalet N. Mesothelioma following exposure to asbestos: a review of 72 cases. Chest 1973;64:641-646. Twenty-one peritoneal mesotheliomas in individuals who worked in an asbestos mill where chrysotile was the only fiber used in the textile division of the mill. 18. Dement JM, Harris RL Jr., Symons MJ and Shy CM. Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers, Part II: Mortality. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 1983;4:421-433. One peritoneal mesothelioma occurring in a chrysotile textile production operation worker. 19. Godwin MC, Jagatic C. Asbestos and mesothelioma. JAMA 1968;204:1009. A case of peritoneal mesothelioma in a man who had worked as a young adult three years weaving brake lining made from chrysotile asbestos. 20. Maltoni C, Pinto C, Mobiglia A. Mesotheliomas due to asbestos used in railroads in Italy. Annals of New York Academy of Science 1991;643:347-367. Four peritoneal mesotheliomas that occurred among railroad workers in Italy where chrysotile was the type of asbestos prevalently used. 21. Mancuso TF et al. Methodology of industrial health studies: The cohort approach with special reference to an asbestos company. Archives of Environmental Health 1963;6:210226). Four peritoneal mesotheliomas occurring in workers in the manufacturing of brake linings. 22. Mirabelli D, et al. Excess of mesotheliomas after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:815-819. 2 peritoneal mesotheliomas. 23. Morinaga K, Kohyama, Yokoyama K, Yasui Y, Hara I, Sasaki M, Suzuki Y, Sera Y. Asbestos fiber content of lungs with mesothelioma in Osaka, Japan: A preliminary report. IARC Science Publication 1989; 90:438-443. One peritoneal mesothelioma occurring in a 54-year-old design engineer whose lung tissue contained only chrysotile asbestos. 24. Musk AB et al. Mortality of former crocidolite (blue asbestos) miners and millers at Wittenoom. Occup Environ Med 2007. 32 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma. 25. Newhouse ML, Thompson H. Mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum following exposure to asbestos in the London area. Br J Ind Med 1965;22:261-269. 27 peritoneal mesotheliomas. 26. O Donnell WM, Mann RH, Grosh JL. Asbestos: an extrinsic factor in pathogenesis of bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma. Cancer: 1966;19:1143-1148. Three peritoneal mesotheliomas and one peritoneal/pleural mesothelioma in patients employed in an asbestos textile factory. 27. Oury TD, Hammar SP, Roggli VL. Asbestos content of lung tissue in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a study of 40 cases. Lung Cancer 1997;18(Suppl 1):235-236. Abstract 923. 28. Saitoh K, Muto H, Hachiya N, Takizawa V. Asbestos body and fiber concentrations of pathological autopsy tissues of patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1993;50:325-332. Two peritoneal mesotheliomas, one occurring in a 62-year-old male with probable asbestos exposure and a 42-year-old female nurse with unlikely known exposure to asbestos. Chrysotile
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fibers were identified in the lung tissue of each case with lower concentrations in the nurse. 29. Seldman H, Selikoff IJ, Gelb SK. Mortality experience of amosite asbestos factory worker: dose-response relationships 5 to 40 years after onset of short-term work exposure. Am J Ind Med 1986;10:479-514. 9 peritoneal mesotheliomas. 30. Teta BE, Lewinsohm HC, Miegs JW, Vidone RA, Mowad LZ, Flanner JT. Mesothelioma in Connecticut (1955-1977), occupational and geographical associations. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1983;25:749-756. Identified 29 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma (18 males, 11 females). 31. Reid A, de Klerk N, Ambrosini G, et al. The additional risk of malignant mesothelioma in former workers and residents of Wittenoom with benign pleural disease or asbestosis. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:665-669. 20 peritoneal mesotheliomas (18 in workers and 2 in residents). 32. Vianna NJ, Polan AK. Non-occupational exposure to asbestos and malignant mesothelioma in females. Lancet 1978;1:1061-1063. 20 confirmed deaths from peritoneal mesothelioma in women residing in NY State between 1966 and 1977 (asbestos exposure in 2 textile workers, 1 milliner, 1 paraoccupational exposure). 33. Welch LS et al. Asbestos and peritoneal mesothelioma among college-educated men. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005;11:254-258. 40 primary peritoneal mesotheliomas from a single institution. 22 out of 24 men (92%) with peritoneal mesothelioma reported potential exposure to asbestos. Odds ratio 6.6 for asbestos exposure among this group of primary peritoneal mesotheliomas with relatively slight asbestos exposure. 34. Egilman D, Menendez LM. A case of occupational peritoneal mesothelioma from exposure to tremolite-free chrysotile in Quebec, Canada: A black swan case. Am J Ind Med 2010. This entity is also discussed in Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology and Health Effects. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds), 2nd ed. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group 2011.
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Pseudomesotheliomatous Adenocarcinoma:
1. Babolini G, Blasi A. The pleural form of primary cancer of the lung. Diseases of Chest 1956;29:314-322. 2. Harwood TR, Gracey DR, Yokoo H. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung cancer. Am J Clin Path 1976;65:159-167. 3. Broghamer WL Jr., Collins WM, Mojsejenko IK. The cyto-histopathology of a pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. Acta Cytologica 1978;22:239-242. 4. Lin JI, Tseng CH, Tsung SH. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. Southern Medical Journal 1980;73:655-657. 5. Nishimoto Y, Ohno T, Saito K. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Acta Pathol Jpn 1983;33:415-423. 6. Simonsen J. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with asbestos exposure. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1986; 7:49-51. 7. Dessy E, Pietra GG. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases. Cancer 1991;68:17471753. 8. Koss M, Travis W, Moran C, Hochholzer. Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma: A re-appraisal. Sem Diag Pathol 1992; 9:117-132. 9. Robb JA, Hammar SP, Yooko H. Pseudomesotheliomatous lung cancer: a rare asbestosrelated malignancy readily separable from epithelial pleural mesothelioma. Lab Invest 1993;68:134A. 10. Hartmann C-A, Schutze H. Mesothelioma-like tumors of the pleura: a review of 72 autopsy cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1994;120:331-347. 11. Falconieri G, Zanconati F, Bussani R, et al. Small cell carcinoma of lung simulating mesothelioma. Pathol Res Pract 1995;191:1147-1151. 12. Corrin B, Dewar A. Adenocarcinoma simulating mesothelioma. Ultrastruct Pathol 1996;20:327-329. 13. Koss MN, Fleming M, Przygodzki RM, Sherrod A, Travis W, Hochholzer L. Adenocarcinoma simulating mesothelioma: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 29 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 1998;2:93-102. 14. Shah IA, Salvatore JR, Kumnet T, et al. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma involving pleura and peritoneum: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. Ann Diag Pathol 1998;3:148-159. 15. Tang P, Vatsia SK, Teichberg S, Kahn E. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma simulating malignant mesothelioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001;125:1598-1600. 16. van Hengel P, van Geffen F, et al. Atypical carcinoid presenting as mesothelioma. The Netherlands Journal of Medicine 2001;58:185-190. 17. Hammar SP. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung: a report of three unusual cases with review of the literature. 2002 18. Attanoos RL, Gibbs AR. Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinomas of the pleura: a 10-year analysis of cases from the Environmental Lung Disease Research Group, Cardiff. Histopathology 2003;43:444-452 This entity is also discussed in: Hammar SP, Henderson DW, Klebe S, Dodson RF. Neoplasms of the pleura. In Dail and Hammar s Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd edition. Tomashefski JF Jr.(ed). Springer 2008:670-672. Hammar SP. The pathologic features of asbestos-induced disease. In Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, and Health Effects, 2nd ed. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (Eds). CRC
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From Chapter 8: Asbestos and Other Cancers. In: Asbestos: Risk Assessment, Epidemiology and Health Effects, 2nd Ed. Dodson RF, Hammar SP (eds.), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group 2011.
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Translocation:
1. Dodson et al. Asbestos in extrapulmonary sites: omentum and mesentery. Chest 2000;117:486-493. 2. Suzuki Y, Kohyama N. Translocation of inhaled asbestos fibers from the lung to other tissues. Am J Ind Med 1991;19:701-704. 3. Heller DS et al. Asbestos exposure and ovarian fiber burden. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:435439.
Animal Studies:
1. Wagner JC et al. The effects of the inhalation of asbestos in rats. Br J Cancer 1974;29:252-269. 2. Glickman LT et al. Mesothelioma in pet dogs associated with exposure of their owners to asbestos. Environ Res 1983;32:305-313. 3. Rittinghausen S et al. Atypical malignant mesotheliomas with osseous and cartilaginous differentiation after intraperitoneal injection of various types of mineral fibers in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1992;44:55-58. 4. Hasanoglu HC et al. Orally ingested chrysotile asbestos affects rat lungs and pleura. Arch Env Occup Health 2008;63:71-75
SV40 virus:
1. Manfredi JJ, Dong J, Wen-jun L, et al. Evidence against a role for SV40 in human mesothelioma. Cancer Res 2005;65:2602-2609 2. Lopez-Rios F, Illei PB, Rusch V, Ladanyl M. Evidence against a role for SV40 infection in human mesotheliomas and high risk false-positive PCR results owing to presence of SV40 sequences in common laboratory plasmids. Lancet 2004;364:1157-1166
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Radiation-induced mesothelioma:
Articles (list of) and Table prepared by Hammar SP.
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