Nepal IPM Review 2006

IPM REGIONAL REVIEW
AND
COORDINATION WORKSHOP
2006
DISTRICT AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
RAMECHHAP, NEPAL
by
Harihar Adhikari, M. Sc. Ag. Plant Pathology

Plant Protection Officer
DADO, Ramechhap
1
Regional IPM Review and Coordination
Workshop, Ramechhap
Powerpoint Presentation Layout
Ramechhap
Slide content Slide No
Attention 1-2
Ramechhap Terrain / Agriculture 3-12
Irrigation structure problems 13-15
Agricultural marketing Ramechhap 16-18
Farmers’ priorities 19-20
Role of DADO/PPO/HDO/AEO 21-32
IPM review Ramechhap 33-43
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Workshop, Ramechhap
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Land Terrain : Agriculture Ramechhap
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River Basin based
Cereals and Vegetables Pocket
Bhatauli-Pakarbas-Bhaluwajor
Manthali-Khurkot Road
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Agriculture Ramechhap
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Agricultural Statistics Ramechhap
Almost all crops are grown (500 -4500 m)
Area Production Crop
S.No Major Crop
Under cultivation volume productivity (ton/ha)
Maize 23008 66723.2 2.9
Millet 5057 6068.4 1.20
Rice 9408 36220.8 3.85
Wheat 483 108.6.0 2.25
Citrus 1139 11092.0 11.8
Vegetables 530 6148.0 11.6
Potato 3040 29913.5 9.84
Pulses 370 306.0 1.02
Oilseed crops 437 349.6 0.8
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Agricultural Marketing Ramechhap
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Agricultural Marketing Ramechhap
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Meat Marketing Ramechhap
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Farmers' Priorities
• Acquire land
• Legalise ownership
• Arrange for family experiences
• Socio-cultural considerations
• Cropping pattern based on topography
• Family interest and market value
• Seeding, broadcasting or transplanting
• Irrigation and weeding management
• Intercultural operations & pest management (IPM)
• Crop maturity and harvest
• Processing and storage
• Marketing of surplus product
• Family expenditure and the continuum 19
Workshop, Ramechhap
A typical mid-hill
farmer, Okhreni VDC
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Problematic insect pests of crops in Ramechhap
• Citrus green bug Fruit fly of cucurbits
• Citrus scale insect Citrus fruit fly
• DBM Various aphids, Citrus aphids
• Mango stone weevil Cucurbit stem splitter
• Cut worms Potato tuber moth
• Red ants Rice leaf folder
• Termites Red pumpkin beetle
• Epilachna beetle Cabbage bud grasshopper
• Red spider mite Citrus nematode
• Litchi leaf curl mite Brinjal fruit and shoot borer
• Litchi bug Banana stem borer
• Banana bunch beetle Chilly thrips
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Problematic diseases of crops
in Ramechhap
• Citrus gummosis Leaf spot of maize
• Damping off of vegetables Leaf spot of rice
• Wilt of solanaceae Chilly anthracnose
• Papaya virus Blight of chilly
• Alternaria of brassicas Powdery mildew of citrus
• Blast of rice Downy mildew of cucurbits
• Chilly mosaic virus Gummy stem blight of BG
• Yellow rust of wheat Black rot of crucifers
• Cauliflower boron deficiency Bacterial soft rot of cabbage
• Blight of potato
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Role of DADO / IPM Officer
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Damage by Red Spider Mite
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Role of IPM Officer
IPM FFS
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Workshop, Ramechhap
Pesticide use on crops
Ramechhap
• Pesticide use is minimal and is applied in
commercial chilly, potato, cucurbits, etc.
• Nuvan for almost all insects, bed bugs,
animal shed, sleeping bed (palang)
• Rogor, Dimethoate for citrus green bug,
scale insects, aphids, lepidopterous larvae
• Mineral oil for citrus scale insects
• Dithane M-45, Krylaxyl gold and Bavistin
for blights of potato, vegetables, chilly, etc
32
Workshop, Ramechhap
VDCwise FFS Conducted
Ramechhap (12/55)
S VDC Crop Location Farmer AEO PPO HDO
No Facilitator (2057.5-) (2060.8-) (2061.11-)
1 Sukajor Cau, Junar S-3, 6, 9 2 - 2 2
2 Okhreni Cab, Junar O-8 1 1 - -
3 Pakarbas Rice, Chilly P–3 - 1 1 -
4 Khimti TPS, Rice K–1 1 1 - -
5 Ramechhap Cauli, Junar R–4 - 1 1 -
6 Tilpung Rice T–9 2 - - -
7 Manthali Rice M – 1, 4 - 2 - -
8 Bhatauli TPS B–2 - 1 - -
9 Bhaluwajor Cauliflower B–1 - 1 - -
10 Chisapani Rice C–8 1 - - -
11 Gelu Rice G–7 1 - - -
12 Phulasi Rice P–1 1 - - -
Total FFS(21) 5 15 9 8 4 2
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Workshop, Ramechhap
FFS REPORTING FORMAT (270 PAGES)
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34
Workshop, Ramechhap
PPO / IPM Trainer: Harihar Adhikari*
(IPM Training: 2056, Rice, Janakpur)
S.N. FFS Name Location

FFS Facilitated
Crop Fund Source FFS date Farmer Facilitator's ASC
Name Technician
PPD DADO
1 Kalapani IPM FFS Phulasi-1 Rice * - 2060/03/16-2060/8/05 Dipsikha Dahal -
2 Kalikadevi IPM FSS Sukajor-6 Junar - * 2060/7/22-2060/11/17 - Jahan Bdr karki
3 Janajyoti IPM FSS Khimti-1 Paddy * - 2061/03/21- 2061/7/23 Dipsikha Dahal -
4 Chanaute Dhande IPM FSS Tilpung-9 Paddy * - 2061/03/28- 2061/7/24 Dipsikha Dahal -
5 Raktakali IPM FSS Sukajor-3 Cauliflower - * 2061/8/12 - 2061/12/13 - Jahan Bdr karki
6 Paddy * - Dipsikha Dahal

Bhimsen IPM FSS Chisapani-8 2062/3/05 -2062/08/25 Somesh Thapa
7 Kartike Taja Tarkari Utpadan Ramechhap-4 Cauliflower - * 2062/ 08/ - 2062/11/ Narayan Kumar magar Jahan Bdr Karki
8 Cauliflower * - Padam Lama Jahan Bdr Karki

Bhumithan Janajtoti IPM FSS Sukajor-9 2062/08/01-2062/12/26 Hari Bahadur Ghising
9 Rice * - Dipsikha Dahal

Manakamana IPM FFS Gelu-7 2063/03/14 - 2063/08/ Somesh Thapa
Shankha Bir Majhi
10 Trishakti Janajagaran IPM Cauliflower * - Padam Lama Jahan Bdr Karki

Sukajor-9 2063/04/5- 2063/ Hari Bahadur Ghising
FSS
*2046-2054 in Sericulture Regional IPM Review and Coordination 2057-2060 M. Sc. Study Leave 35
Workshop, Ramechhap
HDO/ IPM Trainer : Bharat Bahadur Acharya
(IPM Training 2058, Vegetable)
FFS conducted
S.N. Activities district Number budget source FFS Location Crop FFS start date
PPD DADO SSMP
1 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 * - - Bhimeshwor M-10 Cauliflower 2058-10
2 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 - * - Bhimeshwor M-1 Cauliflower 2058-10
3 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 * - - Bhimeshwor M-2 Cauliflower 2059-07
6 IPNS FFS Vegs Dolakha 1 - - * Bhimeshwor M-1 Cauliflower + Maize 2059-07
9 IPM FFS Vegs Ramechhap 1 - * - Ramechhap-4 Cauliflower 2062-07
10 IPM FFS Vegs Ramechhap 1 * - - Sukajor-9 Cauliflower 2063-04
36
Workshop, Ramechhap
Benefits of IPM Adoption to
Farmers
• Empowers farmers for field problem identification and agro-
ecology analysis.
• Helps farmers to judicially use pesticide based on insect
pest, disease or severity.
• Social cooperation and understanding is increased.
• Commercial farmers in pocket areas are more benefited.
• IPM brought awareness on their own friends, the "natural
enemies of insect pests, weeds and diseases".
37
Workshop, Ramechhap
Experiences from IPM FFS
• Small plot trials (simulation trials) helps progressive
farmers to design and test small farming problems on their
own field.
• Due to balanced fertilizer use, proper doses and
frequency of pesticide use, quantity as well as quality of
agriculture produce is increased, farming cost is
decreased.
• Conservation of natural enemies is enhanced.
• Participants could diagnose field problems and solve it by
themselves.
• Overall package of production practices helps farm
families to sustain their agriculture.
38
Workshop, Ramechhap
ISSUES OF IPM IMPLEMENTATION
• IPM is an ecological approach to agriculture and needs more
labour and understanding, which is in short supply even in the
farm families.
• Educated family members do not want to continue agriculture
occupation; their parents guide their children to search
occupations that are more rewarding.
• Consumers have not focused their interests to get healthy or
good quality products. Therefore, there is no support to IPM.
• There is no any social, moral or intellectual value of agriculture
from elite groups.
• Different trainings, workshops, meetings, seminars are
entertained nowadays, but the field allowance for IPM farmer
facilitators are stagnant since a decade.
39
Workshop, Ramechhap
ISSUES OF IPM IMPLEMENTATION
-----continued
• Policy advocacy and reform initiative should come from

those who actually use it.
• Technology and policy generation centres such as

Agricultural Colleges, NARC, Ministry of Agriculture,
Ministry of Local Governance, etc should be guided by
progressive farmers and their trade associations; they
should not remain as passive adopters.
40
Workshop, Ramechhap
Recommendations to improve
farming situations
All basic infrastructures such as land holding size,
irrigation water, access to reasonably priced supplies and
road networks, packaging and transportation discounts,
access to free education and health services provided in
integrated way can sustain agriculture and farming
tradition. Farmers should be empowered to fix prices of
their products, and they should not be compelled to sell
their products in compulsion or due to poverty.
41
Workshop, Ramechhap
Recommendations to improve IPM Adoption
• Participants should all be commercial farmers, but may
not be available in such numbers required at one pocket.
• Second FFS on another crop should be given to the same
group to increase learning habit (environment).
• The FFS should be conducted on economically important
crop, incorporating significant bottlenecks (more on rice?).
• Farmer trainer him/her-self should be commercial farmer,
& known for his/her performance in farming.
• More than one FFS per week by a single IPM trainer may
not be so effective.
• Facilitator allowance should be increased to Rs 600/week.
• Adoption can not be enforced, facilitation may help it.
42
Workshop, Ramechhap
PROBLEMS ON IMPLEMENTING IPM
• Farmers, students and school teachers want to
participate the FFS on Saturdays when the IPM
facilitator is legally obliged to take rest.
• When commercial pocket areas are far from either
DADO or ASC offices, the IPM facilitator must be ready
to spent 2-3 days; 3-5 hours walk one way, each week is
certainly difficult.
• Follow-up programs, such as monthly meetings, monthly
savings, or linkages with ASCs are poor.
• Professional videos on IPM / ICM / IDM / IPNS / ICWMP
are far better effective medium of communication for the
public, than the FFS, but are not created or are costly or
not available. Regional IPM Review and Coordination
43
Workshop, Ramechhap
HDO
DPA
Himganga VDC
SADO
THANK YOU
44
Workshop, Ramechhap
THE END
45
Workshop, Ramechhap

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IPM REGIONAL REVIEW

Harihar Adhikari, M. Sc. Ag. Plant Pathology

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Maize 23008 66723.2 2.9

Millet 5057 6068.4 1.20

Rice 9408 36220.8 3.85

Wheat 483 108.6.0 2.25

Citrus 1139 11092.0 11.8

Vegetables 530 6148.0 11.6

Potato 3040 29913.5 9.84

Pulses 370 306.0 1.02

Oilseed crops 437 349.6 0.8

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S.N. FFS Name Location

1 Kalapani IPM FFS Phulasi-1 Rice * - 2060/03/16-2060/8/05 Dipsikha Dahal -

2 Kalikadevi IPM FSS Sukajor-6 Junar - * 2060/7/22-2060/11/17 - Jahan Bdr karki

3 Janajyoti IPM FSS Khimti-1 Paddy * - 2061/03/21- 2061/7/23 Dipsikha Dahal -

6 Paddy * - Dipsikha Dahal

8 Cauliflower * - Padam Lama Jahan Bdr Karki

9 Rice * - Dipsikha Dahal

10 Trishakti Janajagaran IPM Cauliflower * - Padam Lama Jahan Bdr Karki

PPD DADO SSMP

1 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 * - - Bhimeshwor M-10 Cauliflower 2058-10

2 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 - * - Bhimeshwor M-1 Cauliflower 2058-10

3 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 * - - Bhimeshwor M-2 Cauliflower 2059-07

4 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 - * - Bhimeshwor M-10 Cauliflower 2059-10

5 IPM FFS Vegs. Dolakha 1 - * - Bhimeshwor M-2 Cauliflower 2060-07

6 IPNS FFS Vegs Dolakha 1 - - * Bhimeshwor M-1 Cauliflower + Maize 2059-07

7 IPNS FFS Vegs Dolakha 1 - - * Bhimeshwor M-2 Cauliflower + Maize 2059-07

8 IPNS FFS Vegs Dolakha 1 - - * Bhimeshwor M-10 Cauliflower + Maize 2060-08

9 IPM FFS Vegs Ramechhap 1 - * - Ramechhap-4 Cauliflower 2062-07

10 IPM FFS Vegs Ramechhap 1 * - - Sukajor-9 Cauliflower 2063-04

• Policy advocacy and reform initiative should come from

• Technology and policy generation centres such as

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