Disease Diarrhea (from the Greek, meaning "flowing through), also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having three

ree or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can

Causative Agent The causative agent of diarrhea may be recovered from a stool sample. Once recovered, it is grown in a laboratory, using standard culture techniques and procedures. Among persons with dysentery, the rate of positive identificatio n of agents using bacterial culture is 60 to 75%. Persons with a recent history of possible

Mode of Transmissio n
Ingestion of contaminate d food and water

Incubatio n Period .A cute diarrheac an be defined as the passage of a greater number of stools of decreased fo rm from the normal lasting lesst han 14 days

Risk Factor Young adults. The condition is slightly more common in young adult tourists. Though the reasons why aren't clear, it's possible that young adults lack acquired immunity, are more adventurous in their travels or are less vigilant in avoiding contaminated foods. People with weake ned immu ne system s. A weake ned immun e system increas

Predisposin g Factor

Etiology

Republic Act

Prevention
Drink water only from safe sources. If unsure, boil water for 3 minutes or do water chlorination. Eat only foods that are well cooked and properly prepared. Avoid eating street vended food. Keep the food away from insects and rats by covering them using food cover. Wash fruits and vegetables with clean water before eating or cooking. Use toilet when defecating. Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet.

Sign And Symptoms

Passage of watery stools at least 3x a day. Excessive thirst. Sunken eyeballs and fontanel. The symptoms of diarrhea include nausea, weakness and dehydration . After more that three of four episodes of diarrhea, lethargy develops. Occasionall y, diffuse abdominal cramping is experienced .

Medication
Give Oral Rehydration Solution (ORESOL), rice soup (am) to replace lost body fluid. Continue feeding.

Laboratory Tests for Diarrhea including blood tests, urine tests, swabs, diagnostic tests, lab tests, and pathology testing.

Predisposi ng factors for diarrhea are: poor sanitation, contaminati on of food and drinking water

he main etiology of the diarrhea is related to a wide range of bacteria (such as Campyloba cter jejuni, Escherichi , use of a coli, bottleSalmonella feeding, spp., failure to wash hands Vibrio cholerae, after Yersinia defecation and failure enterocoliti ca, and to breast Aeromonas feed exclusively spp.), for the first enteroparas 4-6 months ites (Giardia of life. Newborns, spp., Criptospor young infants and idium spp., malnourish and ed children Entamoeba histolytica) are at risk for diarrhea , and viruses because of (adenovirus their , Norwalk immature immunologi virus, and rotavirus).

cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. In 2009 diarrhea was estimated to have caused 1.1 million deaths in people aged 5 and 1.5 million deaths in children under the age of 5. Oral rehydration salts and zinc tablets are the treatment of choice and have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years.

exposure to amoeba, whether through travel or from sexual preference, should have a wet mount examinatio n of stool for amoeba. The main causative agents are Rotavirus, enterotoxig enic, E.Coli, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae.

es vulner ability to infecti ons. People with diabet es or inflam mator y bowel diseas e. These conditi ons can leave you more prone to infecti on. People who take acid blocke rs or antaci ds. Acid in the stomac h tends

cal system, especially if they are not breast-fed.

to destroy organis ms, so a reducti on in stomac h acid may leave more opport unity for bacteri al surviva l. People who travel during certai n season s. The risk of travele r's diarrhe a varies by season in certain parts of the

world. For exampl e, risk is highest in South Asia during the hot months precedi ng monso on season.