Exam-2 review; chapter 4,5,6 and 7

Chapter-4

Characteristics of epithelial tissue. Two main types of epithelium. Location of different types of epithelium in different parts of epithelium tissue. Study fig. 4.3 Merocrine, holocrine, apocrine glands, unicellular exocrine glands. Characteristics, structural elements of connective tissue. What are components of ground substance, fibers, cell types. Be able to identify types of cell, fiber, and place of occurrence of areolar connective tissue, adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, cartilage (elastic, hyaline and fibro cartilage). Fig. 4.9 Tissue repair, fig. 4.12

Chapter-5 Fig. 5.1, major parts of skin Be familiar with cells of epidermis and their function. Be able to identify different layers of epidermis from diagram and characteristics. Components of dermis and structural features. Sweat glands, sebaceous glands. Parts of cross-section of hair. Types of skin cancer. ABCD of melanoma identification. Burn- first, second, third degree burn.

Chapter-6

Function of bones. Fig. 6.3. Different types of bone cells. Structure of typical long bone. Microscopic anatomy of compact bone. Stages of intramembranous ossification. Stages of endochondral ossification. Role of hormone (PTH), calcitonin in bone remodeling. Cause of osteomalacia, rickets, osteoporosis, pagets disease.

Chapter-7

Be able to distinguish appendicular and axial skeleton. Cranial bones- their position in skull. Sutures- which bones are joined. Major physical feature of the cranial bones. Cranial fossa Be able to identify facial bones. Bones of the orbit, their position in the orbit. Bones of the nasal cavity, their position. Sinuses

Vertebral column- classification. Major structural feature of different type of vertebrae. Parts of sternum and its main parts. Classification of ribs, label parts. Clavicle-two ends, scapula-acromion, glenoid cavity. Parts of humerus- its articulating region. Forearm- radius, ulna- articulating regions. Radial turberosity, ulnar notch, styloid process-main function. Fig. 7.3 Pelvic girdle- parts of os coxae. Ilium-articulating surface with femur, vertebral column. Ischium and pubis Features of femur-articulating surface, greater and lesser trochanter, patellar surface. Tibia-articulating surface. Foot bones-tarsal bones (calcaneus, navicular, cuboid ), metatarsal, and phalanges.