A REAL TIME PRECRASH VEHICLE DETECTION SYSTEM

(ABSTRACT)

With the growth of vehicles in large number and with the same Narrow size road it is very difficult for the driver to drive a vehicle safely without a crash on the road. If for a small fraction of time if a vehicle driven has missed his attention then it will result in crash of vehicle with front vehicle even if the vehicle is in small speed or no speed. In congested traffic sometimes a vehicle owner get frosted and he cant keep watch on vehicle in slow moving traffic. In such a situation this pre crash vehicle detection system proved to be a excellent system from preventing a crash. Today many sensors are available for detection of pre crash between vehicles. We are using IR sensor system for detecting pre crash between vehicles. In our proposed system we are using a Infrared transmitter and infrared receiver combination system which is attached to a ARM based microcontroller board. A buzzer is also attached to a microcontroller based embedded board. The IR sensor system continuously sends signals and monitors any car or other obstacles are in front of car. The distance up to which IR sensor can work may be up to 1 meter. When any obstacle or vehicle detected by IR sensor system it will send signal to the ARM based embedded board. ARM based embedded board after receiving this signal send a signal to the Buzzer system which will work immediately. Vehicle drive can control his vehicle as per this buzzer signal when the vehicle is at 1 meter distance away from the front vehicle.

Controlling Electrical Appliances through TV Remote

Abstract
The main idea is to implement a IR sensor based project for controlling home appliances like washing machine, fans, lights using a TV remote. This application works for only small distances because IR sensors will not work for longer distance applications. Away from IR sensor CD4017 decade counters are used to detect clock pulses and it increments clock pulses for every BCD output. This system works on least significant bit of BCD. Based on LSB switching ON/OFF of electrical appliances are performed. This project is implemented in embedded systems where hardware and software can combined. Implementing this application can be save time and provide solution for handling home appliances remotely. This is an interesting project built with an IR sensor and a decade counter. By using this project, one can control his lights / fans / AC / any electrical appliance with a TV Remote. It works with +5V power supply. CD4017 is a CMOS Decade counter. It can detect a clock pulse and the BCD output will be incremented by one for each CLK pulse. If we observe the BCD numbers, the LSB (Least Significant Bit) of BCD complemented every time. This project uses this LSB to switch ON / OFF an electrical appliance.TSOP1738 is a high sensitive IR receiver which can sense 38 KHz IR light. The electrolytic capacitor (100F) connected across pin nos 3 and 1 of TSOP1738 for medium sensitivity. The NPN transistor BC557 is connected as a switch. Whenever an IR signal is detected, the transition is sensed by the PNP transistor and it supplies a CLK pulse to the BCD counter (CD4017). For every clock pulse the LSB (Least Significant Bit) of the BCD output is complemented. This toggling output is given to an NPN transistor through a base resistor. If logic 0 is applied to the transistor, it will be driven into cut-off region. As the collector current is zero in cut-off region, the relay will not be energized and the electrical appliance will be in OFF mode. If logic 1 is applied to the transistor, it will be driven into saturation region. As the collector current is high in saturation region, the relay will be energized and the electrical appliance will be in ON mode. A diode is connected across the relay to protect the transistor

by neutralizing the reverse EMF generated by the electromagnetic relay. An LED connected at pin no.2 of CD4017 to indicate the ON condition of the LOAD. An LED connected at pin no.3 of CD4017 to indicate the OFF condition of the LOAD.

Embedded web server-based home appliance networks

Abstract

Powerful microcontrollers are used as parts of most home and office appliances of today. Integrating web servers to these intelligent devices will aid in controlling them over the Internet and also in creating effective user interfaces in the form of web pages. Assigning multiple functionalities to a single button on an appliance help manufacturers economize user interfaces, but, this can easily create confusion for the users. Since the cost of web-based interfaces is considerably low, they can be used to provide the infrastructure for the design of simple and more user-friendly interfaces for household appliances. Also, a web page based interface is much easier to change, when needed, as compared to a hardware interface. This paper presents a novel approach to control devices with embedded web servers over the Internet and to form device networks such that their components can make use of one anothers services and functions while improving the user interfaces. The main benefits of this approach include its lightweight design, automatic configuration, and, utilization of widely available and tested network protocols of TCP/IP and HTTP. The validity of the approach has been verified through a prototype system working with real appliances. The main idea is to provide solution for embedded systems interconnecting with internet using a TCP/IP protocol. Micro controllers are mostly used in controlling home appliances like television, washing machines remotely. In order to improve flexibility for using micro controller applications there is need to integrate web server to other intelligent devices which can be controlled from internet and provide solution for easy usage by using web pages.
Main advantages of implementing this application is it is light weight and cost efficient and users can use features through web pages. It is easy to modify and upgrade web pages with new features.