Een Sse) Fine OIC he newly created state of Jharkhand is, Cea a ae Oe meas] entrepreneurs to set up industries in the state. Cee eeu cen meas in the population density, thus increasing the OU mea uae ea heightened extraction of mineral resources to feed these industries is directly affecting the health of ae Ses ae ccd attention of a wide cross section of peopleall over ere a ere Eee ee warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, acid mine drainage, air pollution, water and land Cee ee ened Te eum Le ee Pee Cen a Ce ee ee an SO dee dea) Cee ea een cree RS Rac ose Earth. It leads to various forms of environmental degradation, such as global warming, ozone layer depletion and acid rain. NATURE OF INDUSTRIES eee ses ee Cee ua Rees all types of mineral deposits, including coal, has naturally invited industries based on coal as well as ear eeu ee ue ee ed being established, which are basicaly the forward integration of mineral based industries. Due to their logistical advantage, some of the strategic industries Se ne ad Jharkhand may be broadly divided into the Cee Re ese Coal Based Industries Having vast reserves of minerals, Jharkhand is CeCe eer aes Go ieee eyCree en important mineral resources because itis found in Se mad be processed to extract the resource for making the es ee cee tee ec OL een cu ae Tee eRe ee ey Tete Ri eeu ne coca ands used for manufacturing iron and Steel, Jharia Coal Fields, located in the Dhanbad district of Se een eu eo en Re ee eR need eee ake India Limited, is carrying out mining in this region. ‘Apart from the Jharia coalfields, Hazaribagh ee nd Cee ne nae) UN eee ed grade of coal deposits have been identified. Central Coalfield Limited (CCL) and Eastern Coalfield Sneek RY Limited, are carrying out mining in these regions. A Oe Co ere nec) SCR ae ace These are: Mining (open cast and underground) Coal Washery Sa ad Cee rcs Seger en acy Rete cd Coceciy Pe a ey CCG Lend See emia ond than 100 years. During this period, the palatisation capacity of the ecosystem of Jharia coatfield has been disturbed and the impacts of mining over the SR Rue aC a ee Tee Deere a i ene ceeBROWN ISSUE opencast mining, overburden of dumping, formation of waste dumps and frequent fires in mining areas 2) Deterioration of air quality dueto the generation of dust and particulate matter 3) Increase in the level of noise due to the deployment of heavy machinery and blasting ‘operations, 4) Disturbance of ground water due to the interception of water table by open cast or underground mining In general, coal based industries are air-polluting in nature. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the ambient airincreases ifthe required air pollution control devices are not installed in the industrial unit. Unorganised sectorand open burning of coal impairs the ambient air quality. Apart from SPM, emission of sulphur dioxide is another problem area associated with coal- buming. But, this is not significant here due to the low sulphur content in the coal deposits of Jharkahnd. ‘Mineral Based Industries Jharkhand is fortunate to have the deposits of a large variety of minerals. t occupies the leading position ‘and accounts for 29 percent of the total mineral reserves of the country in the non-coal sector. Some of the important minerals present in the state are - iron ore, bauxite, chromites, copper ore, limestone, dolomite, ‘manganese ore, mica, quartz, silica sand, pyrite, feldspar and bentonite, apart from uranium and many more minerals. After creation of Jharkhand as an independent state in November 2000, the State Government has identified mining and mineral based industries as the thrust areas | development of the state. The industrial st id to provide incentives to Cement Manufacturing Copper industry Zinc Industry h. Uranium Processing re i. Sponge Iron Plants j. Alloys Manufacturing Industries ‘A number of such industries are highlighted in the next sub-chapter. Environmental Impact Air Pollution : In general, mineral based industries are air polluting in nature. Ifthe suitable air pollution control device is not provided at different point sources, it would deteriorate the ambient air quality. Some of the units such asiron and steel, copper etc. have the potential of generating even the gaseous emissions viz. sulphur dioxide, NOx, PAH etc. which may be carcinogenic and require special attention Water Pollution : Water is required in a mineral based industry for cooling, quenching, mineral processing, boiler, solid waste disposal etc. Effluent from some of the sections does not undergo any significant ‘change in terms of the water quality and can be recycled hundred percent after a small treatment. At the same time, discharge from other points may carry toxic ‘elements. For example, effluent of an integrated steel plant carries Cyanide and has to be chemically treated before itis discharged out. Most of the plants require a significant amount of water for each unit of metal produced. Water availability, therefore, is one of the guiding criteria for the siting of these industries. Solid Waste : In general a mineral contains 50 to 70 percentofthe valuable metal and restis waste material ‘About 40 percent of the slag is generated per tonne of steel produced. Similarly, 40 percent of red mud is {generated from an alumina plant, 35 to 40 percent of ash isgenerated from every tonne of coal burning, depending upon the coal grade. Though the solid wastes generated from mineral based industries are many a time not hazardous but are always a matter of concern due to the huge quantity of disposal. After years of research, many ofthe solid wastes are ‘developed as valuable construction materials. Fly ash is Used for multiple purposes in Portland pozzolana cement production, road construction, brick-making, concreting, filling; steel slag is extensively used in Portland cement