Wadi Gaza Bridge

Calculation sheet

Notes: The bridge consists of 7 simply supported spans with length of 12.5m The design truck is based on modified HS20-40 which is equal to 1.25(HS20-40)

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1 Structural Code and Materials

For Loading on the Bridge is calculated according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation (AASHTO) The following Concrete and steel strength is used in the design f y = 4200 kg / cm2 fc' = 250 kg / cm2 fc' = 300 kg / cm2 fc' = 350 kg / cm2 fc' = 300 kg / cm2 soil = 1.7 t / m3 concrete = 2.5 t / m3 for all steel diameter for Footings for abutments for Piers and Abutments for Beams and Slabs

1.1 Bridge Loading

Structures shall be designed to carry the following two type permanent and temporary loads (AASHTO) Permanent Loads: which includes Dead Loads, Superimposed Dead Loads, and Pressures (earth, water, ice, etc.) Temporary Loads: Vehicle Live Loads, Earthquake Forces, Wind Forces, Channel Forces, Longitudinal Forces, Centrifugal Forces, Impact Forces, Construction Loads

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2 Design of Bridge Slab 2.1 Slab minimum thickness:tmin = (s+10)/30 s = 2.553.3 = 8.42 ft So tmin = (8.42+10)/30 = 0.614 > 0.542 tmin = 0.614 ft = 18.7 cm Using bottom and top cover of 5 cm use t = 30 cm

2.2 Design of Deck Slab:-

12000 400 1800 2000 3500 9400 3500 400 300 950 1200 400

1275

2550

2550

2550

1275

2.2.1 Dead load:

WSlab = 0.32.5 = 0.75 ton/m2 WWearing = 0.5 ton/m2 WSidewake = {((0.082.5) + (0.121.8))/5.5 + (0.20.95+0.20.2+0.50.20.3)/12 } = 0.13 ton/m2 WD.L = WSlab + WWearing + WSidewake = 0.75 + 0.5 + 0.13 = 1.4 ton/m2

Dead load moment:- ( 1 m Width ) MD.L =

W s 2 1.4 2.55 2 = = 0.91 tom.m/m 10 10
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2.2.2 Live load moment:For continues slab ML.L = 0.8 ((S+2)/32) P25 P25 = 20000 Ib for Modified HS 20-44 = 0.8 ((8.42+2)/32) 20000 = 5290 Ib.ft = 0.714 ton.m/m ML.L+I = 1.3 0.714 = 0.9282 ton.m/m 2.2.3 Factored moment Factored moment = 1.3 ( MD + 1.67 ML.L+I ) = 1.3 ( 0.91 + 1.67 0.9282 ) = 3.20 ton.m/m 2.2.4 Design for Moment
deff = 30 5 1.5 = 23.5 cm fc' = 250 kg/cm2 , fy = 4200 kg/cm2 , b = 100 cm = 2.61 10 5 M u 0.85 fc' 1 1 fy b d 2 fc'

= 0.00155 < min = 0.0018 As min = 0.0018 30 100 = 5.4 cm2 Use 16 @ 25 cm Top & bottom.

In transverse direction ( Parallel to traffic )

% of main = 220 s = 67% = 75% take it 67%

220 8.42

Use 14 @ 25 cm Top & bottom.

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3 Design of Main Girder

12.50
Span Length c/c of piers = 12.5 m Girder span length c/c =12.5 -0.70 =11.80 12.0 m

3.1 Design for Moment:No. of lanes = 2 Distribution Factor DF = S 3 3.3 = = 1.65 6 6

3.1.1 Dead load

WDL = 1.4 ( 2.55 + 0.45 ) + ( 0.45 1.2 2.5 ) = 5.55 ton/m 2 W L 5.55 12 2 = MDL = DL = 99.9 ton.m 8 8

3.1.2 Live load

L = 12 m = 39.6 ft Since L 40 ft ; Loading modified HS 20-44 Truck and according to AASHTO Appendix A For bending moment 1 ft < L 140 ft Truck loading governs 1 ft < L 120 ft Truck loading governs

For shear & end reaction So truck loading governs

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3.1.3 From bending moment diagram:

Mmax = 38.09 ton.m ML.L+I = 1.3 38.09 = 49.52 ton.m

ML.L+I with DF = 1.65 49.52 = 81.71 ton.m MT = 1.3 ( 99.9 + 1.67 81.65 ) = 307.26 ton.m

3.1.4 Design for Moment:Assume that the steel are in three layers C = 5 + 1.2 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 2.5/2 = 12.45cm d = 150 12.45 = 137.55 cm fc' = 250 kg/cm2 , fy = 4200 kg/cm2 , b = 40 cm = 2.61 10 5 M u 0.85 fc' 1 1 fy b d 2 fc' = 0.0106

As = b d = 0.0106 45 137.55 = 65.61 cm2 # of bars = 65.61 / 4.908 = 13.368 Use 15 25 in three layer with As=73.5 cm2 The spacing between parallel bars = 3.75 cm. To have more space between bars Take b = 45cm

120

30

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3.2 Design for Shear:3.2.1 Dead load: WSlab = 0.32.5 = 0.75 ton/m2 Max shear (VDL ): VDL = 5.55 12 = 33.3 ton 2

3.2.2 Distribution Factors for shear:

9.1 9.1 1.2 9.1 1.8 9.1

400 300 950 1275 1200

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1275 450

2550

2550

2550

For the rear axle: DFR = Left Support DF + Center Support DF + Right Support DF DFR = 1.8/3 + 1 + 1.2/3 = 2 For the front two axles: DFF = 1.65

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3.2.3 Maximum Shear Force: V(LL) = DFR ( P9.1 = 2 ( 9.1 = 29.0 ton V( LL + I ) = 1.3 29.0 = 37.70 ton Max shear (VU (DL+LL) ): VU (DL+LL) = 1.3 (VDL + 1.67 VLL+I ) = 1.3 (33.3 + 1.67 37.70 ) = 125.14 ton X1 X X ) + DFF ( P9.1 2 + P2.25 3 ) L L L

12 7.75 3.5 ) + 1.65 ( 9.1 + 2.25 ) 12 12 12

3.2.4 Required Stirrups and spacing VC = 0.53 0.85 VU = VC + VS VS = ( S= 125.14 44.1 )( ) = 95.34 ton 0.85 0.85 VS = 2 1.13 4200 137.55 = 13.70cm 95.34 1000 250 45 137.55/1000 = 44.1 ton

A fy d V

Use 12 @ 10.0 cm at both end (3 m from each ends) and Use 12 @ 15.0 cm at the midspan

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