TUTORIAL SBK3013 PRINCIPLE IN BIOCHEMISTRY WATER CHEMISTRY 12/3/2012 1.

The formation of ice during colder weather helps to temper the seasonal transition to winter. Why? 2. Give one example to demonstrate the property of water cohesion and adhesion adhesion. 3. In Europe, engineers design city sidewalks using blocks of concrete separated by a small gap to prevent them from cracking. What property of water is being taken into account for this design? Briefly explain your answer. 4. Identify the type of bonding between each pair of atom and molecules. In examples with atom more than one type, name the type of bonding indicated by arrow.

5. How many water molecules could hydrogen bond directly to the one molecule of glyceraldehyde, shown here?

6. Calculate the pH of the following aqueous solutions: i. 5 x 10-4 M HCl ii. 1 x 10-4 M NaOH iii. 3 x 10-2 M KOH iv. 7 x 10-5 M NaOH

7. Calculate the [ H+ ] and [ O - ], for each of the following materials: OH i. Saliva, pH 6.5 , ii. Intracellular fluid of liver pH 6.9 liver, iii. Tomato juice, pH 4.3 iv. Grapefruit juice, pH 3.2

8. What is the [ CH3COO- ]/ [ CH3COOH ] ratio in an acetate buffer at the following pH: a. pH 4.00? b. pH 5.00? 9. What is the pH of a buffer solution that contains: a. 75% lactate form and 25% lactic acid? b. 25 ml of 1.0 M lactic acid and 75 ml of 1.0 M sodium lactate. 10. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution that contains: a. 0.10 M acetic acid and 0.25 M sodium acetate. b. 10% acetic acid and 90% sodium acetate. 11. If the internal pH of a muscle cell is 6.8, what is the [ HPO42- ]/ [ HPO4- ] ratio in this cell? 12. Suggest a suitable buffer range for each of the following substances: a. Lactic acid and its sodium salt b. Acetic acid and its sodium salt 13. You need to carry out an enzymatic reaction at pH 8.7. There are only two weak acids available in the lab, one with a pKa of 8.3 and one with a pKa of 6.8. a. Which substance and its conjugate base will you choose to make a suitable buffer? Explain your reason. b. What would be the ratio of the conjugate base/ conjugate acid of the buffer made from the weak acids? 14. The pH of normal rainwater is approximately 5.6. The slight acidity compared to pure water is caused by dissolved CO2. In some regions of the world, the acidity of rain has increased to a pH of approximately 3.5. a. Compare the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in acid rain and the normal rainwater? b. Calculate the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in normal rainwater and in acid rain. c. Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration of this lake? 15. a. Briefly explain what is monoprotic acid and polyprotic acid. b. Draw the titration curve for each of the following acids. Assume they are titrated with NaOH. Indicate the pKa and inflection point of each acid. i. Benzoic acid ii. Malic acid iii. Citric acid

Please do the tutorial individually. Pass up the tutorial next week during lecture 19/3/2012.