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INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

1.1

MEASUREMENT AND UNIT OF ELECTRICITY

Table below show the basic measurement and unit of electricity that you must understand and remember!

Quantity Charge Excess or deficiency of electrons Voltage The push behind electric movement Current The flow of electrons

Unit Coulomb (C)

18

Symbol Q

6.25x10

electrons V

Volt (V) The force that will move 1 Ampere of current through 1 Ohm of resistance Ampere (A) 1 coulomb of electrons flowing past a single point in 1 second Ohm () The amount of resistance that limit current flow to 1 ampere when 1 volt is applied Siemens (S)
-1

Resistance The opposition to current flow Conductance The ease with which current flows through an object

The inverse of resistance, R

1.2

CIRCUIT, CURRENT AND VOLTAGES Charge flows easily through conductor, which are represented by lines in electrical circuit Voltages sources create forces that cause energy flow through the conductors and other circuit elements As a result, energy is transferred between circuit elements resulting in useful function A constant current of 1A means 1C charge passes through the cross section of element in 1 second NUR SHAHIDAH BINTI AB AZIZ

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY/CPE535

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Therefore, o Current =coulombs per second (C/S) which means that time rate of flow of electrical charge through conductors/ circuit elements o Voltages = joules per coulomb (J/C) which means that energy transferred per unit of charge that flows through the element

1.3

RESISTIVITY

Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component. Resistors are used to control voltage and current levels. A very high resistance allows a small amount of current to flow. A very low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow. Free passage of current through component s called conductor while the other way around is called insulator. Resistance is measured in ohms.

1.4

OHMS LAW

The most basic circuit involves a single resistor and a source of electric potential or voltage. Electrons flow through the circuit producing a current of electricity. The resistance (R), voltage (V), and current (I) are related to one another by Ohm's law, or by equation, V=IR

1.5

POWER AND ENERGY I

+ v Consider figure above, because the current, I is the rate of flow of charge and the voltage, V is a measure of the energy transferred per unit of charge, the product of the current and the voltage is the rate of energy transfer. In other word, the product of current and voltage is power: = = = = @ ( )

1.6

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ELEMENTS

A passive element is an element that absorbs energy. In power calculation, it always results in positive sign while active elements is an element that supply energy to other parts of the circuit and it always result in negative sign in power calculation.

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY/CPE535

NUR SHAHIDAH BINTI AB AZIZ