Name : Yuda Prawira NPM : 1106006833 Industrial Engineering Assignment A3 Figure 2 shows a wedding shop in Jakarta, and one

of its products. A. What type of material is usually used for the product? The materials are usually used for this product are iron and steel. Because those metals are easily melted compared to other metals that are difficult to melted, such as aluminum, brass, copper, etc. Both metals are easy to set up and bent according to with the desired shape. Besides, the price of raw materials for iron and steel products are relatively cheap to be created compared to other metals prices. B. Welding is used to assemble the product. Explain what happen to the material structure during and after welding? Welding process involves heating the metal. The temperature of a heated metal temperature will increase and will reach the melting point. At this heating process, the bonding of metal atoms finally shaken off. And then, form free atoms, which cause the metal to change shape from solid to liquid phase. This liquid phase continues to occur when in contact with the heat stay in touch. After the welding process stops, the temperature of the metal will decrease; change it back from the liquid phase to solid phase. This occurs because the free atoms are bonded to each other again, form a strong metallic bond. What factor should be taken into consideration during welding?

The appropriate electrodes Welding equipment Procedures The appropriate slit width Controlling distortion

C. Predict the microstructure of the product (outside the weld area)

After all, most common metals are alloys containing residual and added metallic and nonmetallic elements dissolved in a base metal. Of course, those added elements can have a dramatic effect on the resulting alloy's properties. But how those elements dissolve, or in other words how they combine

with the existing atoms in the parent metal's crystal lattice, can also greatly influence both the physical and nonphysical properties of the end product. Basically, there are two ways the alloying element(s)-called solutes-combine with the base, or parent, metal, which is also called the solvent. The alloy's atoms can combine through either direct substitution, creating a substitution solid solution, or they can combine interstitially, forming an interstitial solid solution. Substitution Solid Solution. When the alloy's atoms are similar to the parent metal's atoms, they'll simply replace some of the parent metal's atoms in the lattice. The new metal dissolves in the base metal to form a solid solution. Examples include copper dissolved in nickel, gold dissolved in silver, and carbon dissolved in iron (ferrite). Interstitial Solid Solution. When the alloy's atoms are smaller than the parent metal's atoms, they'll fit between the atoms in the parent metal's lattice. The alloy atoms don't occupy lattice sites and don't replace any of the original atoms. Of course, this causes strain in the crystal structure because the fit isn't perfect: There are atoms taking up space that was originally unoccupied. The end result is usually an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation. Examples include small amounts of copper dissolved in aluminum and carbon, and nitrogen dissolved in iron and other metals. D. As an Industrial Engineer, what thing that you need to improve in the welding shop to increase the productivity? Push for capacity utilization Plant flexibility needs Standardization of equipment, tools, like PPE, hearing protection, eye pro, steel toes, and etc. Product and component sourcing : o Avoiding the hard work o New labor agreements Training, because it helps to develop good technique Use the proper welding process Designing a workstation based on their respective stages of welding, such as the cutting, welding, smoothing, and painting.