INTERNET a worldwide network of networks. It connects network of network that connects millions of computers.

HISTORY OF INTERNET

DARPA (Defensed Advanced Research Project Agency) ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) Invented by Charles Herzfeld. It is the first
major network of computers. Charley Kline sent the first packet on ARPANET as he tried to connect to Stanford Research Institute on Oct. 29, 1969.

NPL (National Physical Laboratory) Donald Davies proposed a national data network based on packet
switching.

MERIT NETWORK (Michigan Educational Research Information Triad Network) explore computer
networking between 3 of Michigans public universities.

CYCLADES a French research network developed by Louis Pouzin. It was the first network to make the
host responsible for the reliable delivery of data.

X.25 it was built on the concept of virtual circuits emulating traditional telephone connections. UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy Protocol) invented in 1978 at Bell Labs. BITNET (Because Its Time Network) NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network)

1983 OSI Model was introduced. ROBERT METCALFE developed the Ethernet. SPUTNIK first artificial earth satellite. WORLD WIDE WEB a set of links from computer to computer as spider web. It was created by Timothy John Tim Berners-Lee at CERN site. BROWSER it is a software on a users computer that provides a graphical interface to access the internet. Example: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Netscape, Mozilla Firefox, Avant MARC ANDRESEEN a software engineer who is a co-author of MOSAIC. MOSAIC first widely used web browser. VINTON GRAY VINT CERF an engineer who is a co-developer of TCP/IP. He is also known as Internet Daddy. PARTS of BROWSER

Title Bar the colored bar at the very top of the browser window. Function Icon or Tool Bar a part of browser window that contains icon such as back, refresh, etc. Search Engine it builds an index or database of searchable items that can be match to certain websites.
It uses software called a spider (crawler or bot) to follow link across web. Spider it builds database for the webpage. Metasearch it uses software that automatically runs your query on several search engines.

Web Address Area type the website address into this box. Keyword Search Area type keywords to describe the type of information you want to find. Display Window space in which you can view the website. Scroll Bar allows you to move down or up the webpage. Minimize, Maximize and Close Button

WEBSITE collection of one or more web pages. WEB PAGE it is one screen full of information that may contain links to other pages in the website or links to external information. JAVASCRIPT and VBSCRIPT Scripting Languages that are used to produce a series f instructions that is interpreted and executed by your browser.

HYPERLINK it is underlined or colored text or an icon or an image. PLUG-INS it is a software that can be added to a browser to enhance its functionality. URL Universal Resource Locator / Uniform Resource Locator. It is a string of letters and symbols that is the unique address of a web page or a file on the internet.

Parts of URL

Protocol directed by protocol such as HTTP, FTP.

HTTP primary carrier protocol of the web.

Domain Name address of internet service provider or the other host.

Examples of Top Level Domain com, net, edu, mil, jp, us, org, gov Path Directions

ISP (Internet Service Provider) it provides the server computer and the software to connect to the internet. BOOKMARK pre-stored link on your browser hot list. WAYS TO CONNECT TO INTERNET

1. Dial-up Connection a form of internet access that uses the facilities of the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN).

2. Broadband it refers to a telecommunication signal or device of greater bandwidth. 3. ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) an ISDN data can move data at 128 bps. 4. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) it uses advanced electronics to send data over conventional copper
telephone wires many times faster than a conventional modem. Types of DSL

SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) downloading and uploading speed are equal. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) download speed is faster than upload speed. 5. Cable Modem Services a type of network bridge and modem that provides bi-directional data
communication via radio frequency channels on a HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial) and RFoG (Radio Frequency Over Glass) infrastructure. 6. Wireless ADVANCED INTERNET SERVICES 1. News Usenet worldwide distributed internet discussion system. It is also an informal network or computers that allow the posting and sending of messages in groups that focus on specific topics. Netiquette general rules of good behavior in internet. NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - It is an Internet application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles between news servers and for reading and posting articles by the end user client applications.

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) it is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to
another host over a TCP-based network such as internet. FTP Server it refers to computers that maintain the collection of downloadable files.

3. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and Web-Based Chat A popular way for internet users to communicate in
real time with other users. It is a protocol for real time internet messaging or synchronous conferencing. Channels basic means of communicating to a group of users established in IRC session.

4. Instant Messaging Form of real-time direct text-based chatting communication in push mode between
two or more people using computers.

BuddyList a list of other users of whom would you like to chat

5. Online Services a company that offers access on subscription basis. 6. Peer-to-Peer Services - originated from popular concept of P2P distributed application architecture that
partition tasks. E-MAIL It is the most used feature of Internet. It consists of your username and the mail servers domain name. It is a system for exchanging messages though a computer network. RAY TOMLINSON an engineer who adapted the email from ARPANET. MAIL SERVER - it collects and stores your email in mailbox. EMAIL ADDRESS It is a unique address which enables other users to send message to you and enables to send message to other. MAILING LIST It is a collection of names and address used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple clients. SPAM Unsolicited junk email that can overwhelm users inbox INTERNET RESEARCH it is the practice of using the internet especially the world wide web for research. SECURITY It is a system of safeguards designed to protect a computer system and data from deliberate or accidental damage or access by unauthorized persons. 10 COMMANDMENTS IN COMPUTER ETHICS 1. Thou shall not use a computer to harm other people. 2. Thou shall not interfere with other people's computer work. 3. Thou shall not snoop around in other people's files. 4. Thou shall not use a computer to steal. 5. Thou shall not use a computer to bear false witness.

6. Thou shall not use or copy commercial software for which you have not paid.
7. 8. 9. 10. Thou Thou Thou Thou shall shall shall shall not use other people's computer resources without authorization. not appropriate other people's intellectual output. think about the social consequences of the program you write. use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.