INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the existence of stress and strain concentration in the vicinity of a geometric

discontinuity in the a cantilever beam, and to obtain an approximate measure of the elastic (theoretical or geometric) stress concentration factor, K t.

EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES The equipment and supplies used in this experiment are flexor, cantilever flexure frame, A high strength aluminum alloy beam, * 1 * 12 in (6* 25 *320 mm) with stress concentration. Strain gages pre-installed and Model P-3500 Portable strain indicator or equivalent. All these are used to measuring the beam.

PROCEDURE A. GENERAL First of all, the dimensions of the strain Gages both 1, 2 and 3. The initial reading and the final reading .Wiring Diagram, with the center-lines of Gages 1, 2 and 3 at 0.020, 0.060, and 0.200 in (0.5,1.5, and 5mm) respectively, from the edge of the hole. After all these data were found, the beam was placed securely in the clamp holder. Then the beam was calculated At section A, the stress is uniform across the width of the beam, and calculated = stress, psi (N/m2),M= bending moment, in-lbs (mm),c = half-thickness of beam, in (m),I = moment of inertia of beam cross section, in4 (m4), P = load, lbf (N), and At section B, the nominal stress, based upon the net area of the sections.

B. STRAIN GAGE SELECTION AND INSTALLATION

In measuring stress concentration with a strain gage, it must be kept in mind that the gage tends to indicate the average strain in the area covered by the grid. Since the strain in the immediate vicinity of a stress-raiser decreases very steeply with distance, it is obviously necessary to select the smallest practicable strain gage and bond it in place as close as possible to the edge of the stress-raiser in order to minimize the error in sensing the peak strain. Even with this technique, the strian indicated by the gage may be significantly lower than the peak strain.

C. ACQUISITION OF DATA
Back the calibrated loading screw out of the way, and insert the beam into the Flexor with the gaged end in the clamp, and with the gages on the top surface. Center the free end of the beam between the sides of the Flexor, making certain that the end of the beam is inserted into the clamp as far as it will go, and firmly clamp the beam in place with the knurled clamping screw. The gages will be connected (via the Flexor cable) to the strain indicator one at a time, first with the beam undeflected, and again with the beam deflected. An initial "reference" reading of the strain indicator readout will be obtained for each gage with the beam undeflected, and a final reading with the beam deflected. The differences in these two sets of readings will give the strains at the respective gage locations.

ANALYSIS AND PRESENT A TION OF DATA

The strain indicated by Gage 4 can be corrected for gage factor (if different from the gage factor of Gages 1, 2, and 3, and the instrument gage factor setting) by the following relationship, The result of this calculation is the nominal strain at Sections A and B of the beam, and should be entered on the Work Sheet.The strains sensed by Gages 1, 2, and 3 can be calculated by subtracting the initial reading from final reading in each case. These numbers should be entered in the table on the Work Sheet.Even though the centerline of Gage 1 is only 0.020 inch (0.5 mm) from the edge of the hole, the averagestrain sensed by this gage is considerably lower than the peak strain. A satisfactory estimate of the eak strain can be obtained by extrapolating curvilinearly to the edge of the hole.

CONCLUTION Moreover, this experiment showed may things. First, it can be concluded that both the strain gage and the stress-raiser concentration factor we have obtained during the test almost
match the values and the curves, including those obtained in the strain gage and it also be concluded that the material used and the equipment in the experiment is the major factor. And with this experiment I have learned so much that I can used it in the near future if I see it on my way.

REFERENCES Materials science Notebook Mechanics of Materials textbook: Beer, Johnston, DeWolf, Mazurek.