Valve Training Se a e a g Seminar a

Speaker: Ed Pearson
Manager Engineering Ed.Pearson@C-A-M.com August 2010

Training Agenda
Safety moment Brief Cameron Overview General Valve Training g Ball Valves: Floating Trunnion Rising Stem Gate Valves: Slab Expanding Gate Check Valves Swing Piston Nozzle Dual Plate Plug Valves Super G General Twin Seal

Cameron O C Overview

Cameron is a leading provider of flow equipment products, systems and gp q p p , y services to worldwide oil, gas and process industries
Company

Operating Groups

Drilling & Production Systems (DPS)

Valves & Measurement (V&M)

Compression Systems (CS)

Operating Divisions

Drilling Systems (DRL)

Surface Systems (SUR)

Subsea Systems (SUB)

Flow Control (FLC)

Process Systems (PRS)

Distributed Valves (DSV)

Engineered Valves (EGV)

Process Valves (PRV)

Measurement Systems (FLO)

Reciprocating Compression (RC)

Centrifugal Compression (CC)

Product Brands

CAMERON GUIBERSON H & H MELCO TOWNSEND

CAMERON CAMROD CAMROD IC McEVOY PRECISION SBS TUNDRA WILLIS WKM

CAMERON MARS MARS McEVOY WILLIS

CAMERON
DYNATORQUE DYNATORQUE

LEDEEN MAXTORQUE HYDROMATION TEST KCC WILLIS KREBS METROL MOZLEY NATCO PETRECO PORTA-TEST UNICEL VORTOIL WEMCO

CAMERON CONSEPT CONSEPT CYNARA

DEMCO NAVCO NUTRON TECHNO TEXSTEAM THORNHILL CRAVER WHEATLEY WKM

CAMERON ENTECH ENTECH GROVE RING-O TK

TOM WHEATLEY

GENERAL VALVE ORBIT TBV WKM

BARTON CALDON CLIF MOCK JISKOOT LINCO NUFLO PAAI

AJAX COOPER COOPERBESSEMER CSI ENTERPRISE SUPERIOR TEXCENTRIC TSI

MSG TURBO AIR TURBO-AIR JOY

After Market Services

Cam e ron Afte rm ark e t Se rvice s

Parts Service

Repair Remanufacturing

Asset Management

V&M
Corporate Master Brand

Group

Valves & Measurement (V&M)

Divisions

Distributed Valves (DSV)

DEMCO NAVCO NEWMANS NUTRON TECHNO TXT TXT T.CRAVER WHEATLEY WKM

Engineered & Process Flow Management Valves Solutions (EPV) (FMS)

CAMERON GENERAL ENTECH VALVE GROVE ORBIT RINGO TBV TK TRIAX TOM WKM WHEATLEY TEXSTEAM PVM ALLIANCE MGMT. IND. SOLUTIONS BRIC SALES & OPs AFM SERVICES

Measurement Systems (FLO)

BARTON CALDON CLIF MOCK JISKOOT LINCO NUFLO NUFLO PAAI

Product Brands

Aftermarket Services

Cameron Geographic Regions g p g

Worldwide 16,000 Employees 275 Manufacturing, Sales & Service Locations

Global Manufacturing & Support

Voghera, Italy

Colico, Italy

Little Rock, Arkansas

Edmonton, Canada

Houston,Texas

Ville Platte, , Louisiana

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Cameron Products that can be Supplied in the Construction & Maintenance of a Pipeline or A M i t f Pi li Associated F ilit i t d Facility:

DEMCO WKM

GROVE TK, TEXSTEAM TOM WHEATLEY GROVE TK TOM WHEATLEY

CAMERON GROVE

ORBIT TK

CAMERON GROVE ORBIT TK

GROVE TK TOM WHEATLEY ORBIT GENERAL WKM ORBIT TK, TBV WKM GENERAL WKM

DEMCO WKM

GROVE RING-O TOM WHEATLEY

VALVE BRANDS & GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Cam e ron Afte rm ark e t Se rvice s

The Cameron Advantage A Wide Range of Upstream Products

Ring-O, WKM & Foster Expanding & Slab Gate Valves

Tom Wheatley Swing & Nozzle Check Valves

WKM Butterfly Valves

Texsteam Manifold Plug Valve Grove API 6D Pipeline Gate Valves TBV Cryogenic Ball Valve

The Cameron Advantage A Wide Range of Upstream Products

WKM & Nutron Trunnion & Floating Ball Valves Grove and Ringo Trunnion and Specialty Ball Valves

Cameron Trunnion Ball Valves

Ledeen Pneumatic & Hydraulic y Actuators, HPUs & Controls

Ringo, Cameron and Grove Subsea Ball, Gate and Check Valves

Orbit Valve

Product T i i P d t Training

Training Purpose
There are many different types of valves and the correct selection is imperative. Selection of the incorrect valve or sealing concepts may have an impact on safety, reliability, cost, and schedule. Valves used in todays projects are increasingly complex. The process conditions material limitations and specification conditions, limitations, regulations play into the difficulty of valve selection. Understanding the basic drivers behind valve design and material selections will offer competitive advantages for all ate a se ect o s o e co pet t e ad a tages o a parties of the supply chain.

History
Evidence of valves can be traced back to the times of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. It is the Romans, however, who are generally recognized as the developers of comparatively sophisticated water i d th d l f ti l hi ti t d t systems. Their plumbing was advanced enough to deliver water into individual buildings, for which they developed the plug valve, or stopcock, and there is also evidence that the Romans used check valves to prevent back flow flow.

History (cont ) (cont.)

The basic philosophy remains the same today. Along with advances in technology, the design of the valve has become increasingly sophisticated. The dawn of the oil boom saw a large usage of simple p g g p gate and plug valves. These type of valves are still in use in many applications. Many of the large gate valves have given way to ball valves. Ball valves have a lower profile (more compact) and have overall greater cost advantages.

What valves look like like...

In a P&ID: In engineering: In a submitted drawing:

In manufacturing:

In the field:

Types of Valves (covered in this training)

Ball Spherical obturator used in Ball combination with a seat (or seats) to stop/allow flow. The ball is supported by trunnion using floating seats in a Trunnion ball valve. Floating ball valves use a floating al e al es se ball that seats on a stationary sealing surface.

Plug Similar to a ball valve, a plug valve has cylindrical or conically-tapered "plugs" which can be rotated inside the valve body to control flow through the valve. With the absence of soft seals in the flow path, these valves are ideal for abrasive service.

Types of Valves (covered in this training)

Gate - Opens by lifting a round or p y g rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid.

Check Used to prevent backflow. A clapper is used to shut with opposing pressure (or assisted by gravity).

Types of Valves (outside this training)

Butterfly - A flat circular plate is positioned in the center of the pipe The plate has a rod through it pipe. connected to a handle on the outside of the valve. Rotating the handle turns the plate either parallel or perpendicular to the flow. Unlike a ball valve, the plate is always present within the flow

Globe - Consists of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. It has an opening in the body that forms a y p g y seat onto which a movable plug can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve.

Types of Valves (outside this training)

Double Ball Double Block and Bleed Consisting of g two balls within the valve, this instrumentation valve is typically used on small instrumentation double block and bleed applications.

Needle This valve has a small orifice and a threaded, needle-like plunger. It allows precise regulation of flow, although it is generally used for, and is capable of, only relatively small flow rates.

**Relief Valves and Control Valves are not covered in this training session.

Ball V l B ll Valves

Floating Ball Valves

Floating Ball Valves

T i ll utilized f smaller size Typically tili d for ll i and lower pressure applications
Flanged: to 12, ANSI 150 300 2 2 to 6 ANSI 600 6 2 ANSI 900 Threaded / Socket Weld: 4 285# - 6000#

Pressure moves ball into the downstream seat Trims available for multiple services Economically Priced

Floating Ball Valves

Body and trim materials include carbon steel stainless steel steel, steel, duplex, super duplex, Inconel Seat materials include Teflon, Nylon, PEEK, Nylon PEEK metal/metal Seals are normally Teflon, Buna, Viton or HNBR Stem packing can be o ring type o-ring or adjustable graphoil/teflon type Operators can be lever, worm gear or actuation Typically firesafe to API 607 Testing typically to API 598

Floating Ball Valve Animation

Trunnion Ball Valves

Trunnion Ball Valves

Trunnions are designed for larger sizes and higher pressures Sizes from 1-1/2 to 60 Pressures from ANSI 150 to API 10,000 Lower torque design allows ease of operation
Lower actuation costs

Pressure drives the upstream seat into the ball. The ball remains stationary. Double block and bleed design ( g (API 6D) )
Upstream and downstream seats isolate the cavity. The pressure in the cavity can then be relieved to prove the integrity of the seats.

Trunnion Ball Valves

Body and trim materials include carbon steel stainless steel steel, steel, duplex, super duplex, Inconel Seat materials include Teflon, Nylon, PEEK, Nylon PEEK metal/metal Seals are normally Teflon, Buna, Viton, HNBR or lipseals Stem packing can be o ring type o-ring or lipseal type Firesafe to API 607 or API 6FA T ti typically t API 598 or API Testing t i ll to 6D

Body Types

Side Entry Sid E t

Top Entry

Fully Welded

Specialty Valves

TK Twin Valve

Two individual but self contained ball valves in one compact design. Double Block/Double Isolation Barrier Total Isolation. Simplify critical isolation requirements for facility isolation, emergency shutdown and abrasive environments which often require two valves. Eliminates potential leak paths by removing two flanges and two body seals. Provides weight and space reductions reductions.

48 48 900 Bolted Body Valve

Side Entry Trunnion Design

Adapter Plate Gland Plate Upper Bearing Retainer Stem Outer Seat Ring

Inner Seat Ring Closure

Body Ball

Side Entry Valve Disassembly

All Welded Trunnion Design Adapter Plate Stem

End Connection

Ball Dog (Seat)

Rotating Seat Lower Trunnion

Fully Welded Valve Disassembly

Seat Configurations:
Self Relieving Seat Double Piston Effect Seat

Self-Relieving Seats (SR) Double Piston Effect (DPE) Dual Seat Design (DS) Hydraulic Seats (HS) y ( )

Dual Seat
higher risk direction platform side

Hydraulic Seat
hydraulic pressure

first barrier

second barrier

hydraulic thrust

Self Relieving Seat Design

Spring Seat Ring

Seat Gasket O-Ring Seat I S Insert

Self Relieving Seat Design

resultant thrust

pressure
body b d pressure

(downstream seat)

Self Relieving is a design whereby the excessive internal body pressure is automatically relieved either into the upstream or downstream line by forcing the seats away from the closure element.

Double Piston Effect Seat Design

Spring Washer

Seat Ring

Seat Gasket O-Ring

Seat Insert
plastic insert

Double Piston Effect Seat Design

resultant thrust

pressure
body p y pressure

Double Piston Effect is a design whereby pressure in the cavity energizes the downstream seat and effects a downstream seal. DPE seats result in a double barrier within a single valve. Valves in liquid service with DPE seats must pipe-away the cavity pressure to the upstream side of the valve to prevent damage from thermal expansion. expansion

DPE Seat Test After Maintenance

pressure

Inside out test checks the integrity of the seats and seals with g y valve inline

Dual Seat Design

higher risk direction platform side

first barrier

second barrier

Self Relieving Seat

Double Piston Effect Seat

lower risk direction

body pressure

platform side

single barrier

Self Relieving Seat

Double Piston Effect Seat

Hydraulic Seat Design

hydraulic h d li pressure
hydraulic pressure

hydraulic thrust

hydraulic thrust

Seat - Withdrawn Condition

Seat - Engaged Condition

Double Block and Bleed

The body cavity can be vented y y or drained in the open or closed position Benefits Test valve integrity Replace stem seal Note that API 6D DBB varies in definition from Pipeline (OSHA) Isolation

Valve Closed (API 6D)

Valve Open (In certain arrangements)

Seat Sealing Options

Primary Metal Seat with Secondary Soft Seat Soft Sealing F ll Metal-to-Metal S li Full M t l t M t l Sealing

Seat Face Sealing Design g g

Outer Seat Ring Secondary O-Ring Seal

O-ring O ring Inner Seat Ring Primary Metal to Metal Seat

Primary Metal to Metal with Elastomer Back Up y p

Seat Face Sealing Design g g

plastic insert

Seat with Plastic Insert Seal The plastic seal is inserted by means of a press with the interference determined according to the material. The interference prevents the g extrusion of the insert during the maneuver of the ball.

Seat Face Sealing Design g g

Metal to Metal Seat The metal to metal seal is obtained by means of a flexible seat with the ball and seat sealing surfaces coated with Tungsten Carbide . Metal seats are typically used in potentially erosive or abrasive service caused by the presence of solids.

Typical Stem Sealing Arrangement

Internal Stop

Upper Stem O-Ring Lower Stem O-Ring

Gland Plate O-Ring

Options: Emergency Seat Sealant

Note: Sealant is for emergency use only and is not required for normal maintenance.

Injection Fitting with Check

Buried Check Valve

Options: Emergency Stem Sealant

Injection Fitting

Options: Body Vent & Drain Feature

Seat Sealant Injection Relief Valve Drain Valve Body Drain used to drain, flush & clean Body relief fitting used to vent body pressure

Orbit Rising Stem Ball Valves

Orbit Design Features g

Single seat no trapped pressure in body. body Rising stem - easily converted from handwheel operation to rotary electric actuator, actuator or linear pneumatic & hydraulic actuators. Quarter turn no contact between seat and ball during rotation rotation. Trunnion mounted trunnion supports ball to provide alignment with seat and allows mechanical closure closure.

Orbit Design Features g

Mechanical closure, will stay in closed position under line pressure fluctuations Bolted bonnet in-line repairable bonnet, Ease of operation, hands only and short stroke compared to gate valves No o-rings to limit service temperature or fail due to explosive decompression

Orbit Design Features g

Body and trim available in carbon steel, low alloy, stainless steel, duplex, monel, hastelloy and inconel For liquid & gaseous services Temperature: -150F to + 800F Pressure: vacuum to 2500 Class Sizes: 1 to 24

The Key The Rocking e ey e oc g of the Ball

#3. THE GUIDE PINS ENGAGE THE HELICAL GROOVE & TURN THE BALL NO FRICTION

#1. THE CAM TILTS THE BALL

#2. THE BALL ROLLS BACK ON ITS TRUNNION

Typical Parts Breakdown yp

Orbit Seating Principle

Load applied

Initial Contact

Full Compression

Primary seal Line Li contact t t Secondary metal seal

Applications

The Orbit in Mol Sieve Dr er Sie e Dryer

Orbit Valve Animation

Gate Valves

API 6A / 6D Slab & Expanding Gate Valves

API 6D Slab Gate Valves

Sizes 6 to 48 ANSI Class 150 to 1500 Fabricated or Cast Designs Self Relieving Seat Design (upstream sealing) Bl k and Bl d Block d Bleed Capability

Typical Fabricated Slab Gate Valve Parts List

Typical Cast Slab Gate Valve Parts List

Features-What you need to know

API 6D Slab Gate Valve Applications

Mainline valves in liquids pipelines Geothermal Storage wells (salt domes, etc.) Water flood Pipelines, wellheads, and storage domes.

Slab Gate Valve Animation

API 6A / 6D Double Expanding Gate Valve

Features:

Full bore or reduced bore True double block and bleed valve with positive sealing Suitable for double isolation - no need to fit blind flanges or two valves

API 6A / 6D Double Expanding Gate Valve

Features:

Metal to metal bonnet seal True metal to metal seat sealing no soft seals between seats and body No risk of damage from foreign particles Standard St d d configuration suitable fi ti it bl for 300 C

Double Expanding Gate Valve Design

The gate assembly consists of four main parts two gate segments and two centralizing levers. The main gate segment connects the gate assembly to the stem. The gate segments are connected together with two centralizing levers. Two gate guides are fitted inside the valve body and react with the centralizing levers.

Double Expanding Gate Valve Operation

Working principle - valve closed

The gate assembly is expanded g y p as result of the gate contacting on the bottom of valve body at the end of the closing stroke. There are two sealing barriers the upstream and the downstream seats There is no penetration of solid particles into the valve body cavity The valve cavity can be depressurized for valve diagnostic testing. testing

Double Expanding Gate Valve Common Applications

Gathering systems Mainline and manifold valves in liquids pipelines Pump/compressor isolation valves Scraper launcher/receiver valves S l h / i l Hot taps Dirty service Steam Industrial, geothermal, steam injection Master valves on storage wells De cokers De-cokers Critical pressure barriers

Expanding Gate Valve Animation

Check Valves

Check Valves

Check Valves
Check valve are used to:
Prevent backflow in pipelines Prevent leakage to the environment P tl k t th i t Protect the integrity of upstream equipment Provide additional safety to personnel Above ground applications Below ground applications (buried or in a vault) Offshore applications (topside and splash zone) Subsea applications

Swing check valves are used for:

Nozzle check valves are used for:

Gas compressor stations

Piston check valves are used for:

Pulsating service g Gas compressor stations

Dual plate swing checks are used for:

Applications where weight and size are important

Swing Check Valves

Sizes : 1/2 to 48 End connections: Threaded, socket weld, weld end, hub end and flanged Pressure Classes: Class 150 2500# API 2000 - 10,000 Operating Temperatures -29C to +120C standard range -46C t 190 C extended range 46C to 190+C t d d Other temperatures ranges to suit applications Full open piggable design p p gg g

Tom Wheatley Subsea Swing Check Valve

Swing Check Valve Options

Manual lock open lever Gearbox lock open Counterweight to aid fast clapper opening Dead-weight to assist clapper closing Spring return clapper to ensure positive shut off Mini slam damper for pulsating flow applications All valves are suitable for vertical flow up

Swing Check Valves Seat Designs

Integral Seat O-Ring in clapper Good for clean service

Removable Seat O-Ring in seat Good for dirty/abrasive service Allows the use of more corrosion resistant materials

Tom Wheatley Swing Check Valve Major Components

Top Cover Top Cover Seal

Body Unit

Clapper Arm Seat

Clapper

Swing Check Valve Animation

Piston Check Valves

2 12 2- 12 Size 150 - 2500# Class API 6D Design and Test NACE MR 01 75 2003 MR-01-75 Top Entry / Field Repairable Inconel Spring Integral or Removable Seat Adjustable Closing Speed Ideal for Pulsation dea o u sa o Compressor station service

Nozzle Check Valves

Sizes : 2 - 56 Pressure Classes :
Class 150 2500# API 2000 - 10,000

Operating Temperatures :
-29C to +120C standard 29C

Standards :
API 6A/6D NACE MR 01-75-2003

Main Characteristics:
Short closing time Low pressure loss Zero leakage at any back pressure Maintenance free Must be tuned for the service conditions

Nozzle Check Valves

Non-Slam Design / Anti Slam Low Pressure Loss (Energy Savings on Compressor & Pumps Maintenance Free Non Return Emergency Shut Down Fast Acting API 6D & 6D4 Weld End & Flanged

Nozzle Check Valves Parts List

Dual Plate Wafer Checks

Lightweight Design Compact End to End Dimensions

Dual Plate Wafer Checks - Operation

Plug V l Pl Valves

Specialty Plug Valves

Metal-to-Metal Sealing

Z Zero Liquid L k Li id Leakage Hard Coated Plug (70 Rc+) and Seats Resist Damage to Solids Maximum Service Life

Top Entry Inline Repairable p y p

Fast and Easy Repair Does Not Require Removal from the Line Internals Can be Removed without Special Tools Teflon Encapsulated Cover for Easy Removal Plug and Seats Fully Interchangeable without Lapping

Emergency Sealant Injection

Internal Sealant Path to Provide an Emergency Seal j Sealant is Injected into a Groove in the Center of the Seats Resulting in an O-Ring Type Seal Extended Service Life Consistent Torques

Anti Taper Anti-Taper Lock Plug

The Stem Area is Unpressurized, Unpressurized Resulting in the Plug Being Pushed Out of the Taper Avoids Taper Lock Large Bearing Absorbs Upward Forces, Lower Torques

Plug Valve Animation

General Segmented Plug Valves

General Twinseal & Truseal Operation p

ROTATING POSITION Plug at the top Slips withdrawn R Rotation without abrasion i ih b i

General Twinseal & Truseal Operation p

CLOSED POSITION Plug to the bottom Slips laterally displaced Seals compressed Mechanical Double Sealing

General Manual Bleed System y

Relieves cavity pressure Verifies upstream seal V ifi t l Valve bi-directional

General Thermal Relief

Cavity pressure relieved upstream Valve unidirectional M Manual valve f seat l l for t verification

General Valve Animation

General Seals
Over 18 seal materials available Most frequently used: Viton Nitrile PTFE Temperature range.- 55C 315C Typical fluid mediums encountered: Hydrocarbons (crude to jet fuel) Oxygenates Ammonia Ethylene In-house bonding expertise

Actuation
ELECTRIC ACTUATORS All models can be adapted to accept electric actuators Actuator can be set to operate valves at various speeds. Set limit for both OPEN & CLOSED, with torque sufficient for valve operation. Low torque requirements Pneumatic Actuation Only up thru 6 on Truseal Hydraulic Actuation Hi h S High Speed d ESD Capabilities NEMA 7 explosion proof

Applications

Fiscal Metering Product Segregation Fuel Hydrant leakage detection Verifiable Isolation

Applications Product Segregation

Applications Bi-Directional Meter Schematic

D ia g ra n B P ro d u c t F lo w
M e te r

P ig D e te c to r Key A & B : M e te r C a lib ra to r M e te r Is o la tio n V a lv e s C1 & C2 : P ro v e r Is o la tio n V a lv e s D & E : F : P ig L a u n c h e rs 4 W a y D iv e rte r V a lv e

Applications Metering Skids

Applications Verifiable Isolation

Questions?