INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LUCKNOW

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B.TECH [ELECTRICAL ENGG.] SEM.3rd PUT EXAMINATION 2011 THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES TIME: 3 HRS TOTAL MARKS: 100 NOTE: Attempt all questions, assume suitable missing data if any. 1. Attempt any four of the following : [5X4=20] (a) Differentiate between an otto cycle & diesel. (b) An engine works on an air standard diesel cycle whose compression ratio is 14. the pressure and temperature at the begining of the cycle are 1 bar and 300K respectively. The maximum temperature of the cycle is limited to 2500 (c) State the statement of 2nd law of thermodynamics. (d) 0.1kg of oxygen occupies a volume of 0.2m^3 at a pressure of 4 bar. the oxygen is heated at constant pressure till its volume is doubled an heat supplied during the process amounts to 25 kj. Determine the rise in temperature, change in internal energy and work done. (e) What are the methods of improving the Rankine cycle efficiency? Explain in brief. 2. Attempt any four of the following : [5X4=20] (a) steam issues from the nozzles of the De-lewal turbine at a velocity of 1000 m/s at an angle of 20 . the blade velocity is 300 m/s and the is symmetrical. The mass flow rate is 0.5 kg/s .allowing a friction factor of 0.8, determine Blade efficiency, power developed and stage efficiency if the nozzle efficiency is 95%. (b) State the condition for maximum blade efficiency for for single stage impulse turbine, write the expression for maximum efficiency. (c) Define the degree of reaction as applied to reaction turbines. State the degree of reaction for the parsons reaction turbine. (d) State the main method for governing of steam turbine with their principal of turbine. (e) Briefly explain the comparison between Gas turbine and steam turbine. 3. Attempt any four of the following: [5X4=20] (a) Prove that the multistage compression the pressure ratio is given by the expression ,x(pressure ratio through compressure) where x is number of stages. (b) An air compressor sucks 3.5 m^3/min of air at 1.05 bar ,15 C it compress the air to a pressure of 8 bar polytropically .determine the shaft power required if its mechanical efficiency is 85%.

(c) What do understand by the of axial flow compressors? (d) Sketch the diesel cycle on (p-v ) & (T-s) diagrams. Derive an expression for the air standard efficiency. (e) Describe the working of four stroke petrol engine. 4. Attempt any two of the following : [10X2=20] (a) A jet of water, 25mm diameter, strikes, a square flat plate of 20 cm sides, with a velocity of 10m/s at the centre of the plate of which is suspended vertical by a hinge on its top horizontal edge. The weight of the plate is 98.1 N. the jet strike normal to the plate. (i) What force must be applied at the lower edge of the plate so the plate is kept vertical? (ii) If the plate is allowed to wsing freely what will be inclination of the plate with the vertical due to the force exerted by the jet of water? (b) A jet of water 6cm in diameter moving at velocity 24 m/s strikes tangentially on a series of a moving vanes at avelocity of 7 m/s. find the normal force exerted on flat vanes, power developed and efficiency .if its maximum efficiency is 50%, find the velocity of the flat vanes required. (c) Jet of water strike at a centre of a curved vane. The jet speed is V m/s and vane moves at velocity u m/s in the direction of jet if out coming vanes make an angle with the entering jet ,prove that : max efficiency u=V/3 And max efficiency = 8/27(1+cos) 5. Attempt any four of the following: [5X4=20] (a) Explain different type of casing used in centrifugal pumps. (b) Write a short note on various heads and efficiency of centrifugal pump. (c) Explain the term available NPSH and required NPSH. (d) Explain ideal indicator diagram of reciprocating pump. (e) Comparison between centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump.