Michuhol Foreign Language High School (99 with Kim Young sisters)

| Unit 2 |

02 | - 02
To raise the temperature of a quantity of water one degree demands four times as much heat as it takes to warm an equivalent quantity of earth. This is why, when the rock-strewn or sandy shoreline around a lake broils during the summer heat, the lake itself remains cool and pleasant, even though the amount of sunshine heating both the lake and the earth is the same. Likewise, during the winter, the rocks and sand give up their warmth long before the lake entirely releases the vast reserves of heat it accumulated during the summer months. Because of this phenomenon, regions bordering large bodies of water typically experience milder temperature fluctuations than inland expanses. The water exerts a cooling influence during the summer and a warming influence during the winter, so seasonal extremes are seldom experienced.

1. How can the lake keep cool when the earth is hot?

2. How does this phenomenon affect the temperature around the lake and the earth?

STRUCTURE
To V demands N times as many/much N as it takes to V. S exerts A influence/authority/pressure on N.

02 | - 03
Many people don't know how to react when someone pays them a compliment, especially if they're uncomfortable being at the center of attention. However, it isn't difficult to respond gracefully to being complimented, no matter how awkward it may make you feel. The most important thing to remember is that you should always answer a compliment with the words "thank you." Think of each compliment you receive as a favor; it is rude not to thank the person for their kindness. A reply such as "Thank you! You're so nice to say that," also takes the attention off of you and puts it on the complimenter. Even if you don't believe or agree with what the person is saying, you must accept the compliment graciously.

1. How do you usually respond to compliments?

2. How can saying Thank you! Youre so nice to say that take the attention off of the person being complimented?

-----------------------------------overpraising : tips for ~ :

STRUCTURE
S is/feels uncomfortable being ~ no matter how A/ADV... The most superlative thing to V is that S+V.

take the attention off of N

- 5 -

Michuhol Foreign Language High School (99 with Kim Young sisters)

| Unit 2 |

02 | - 04
According to a new study carried out in Britain, people who are physically active not only feel younger than those with sedentary lifestyles, but are genetically younger as well. The researchers studied the length of participants' telomeres, the repeated segments of DNA at the ends of chromosomes, which shorten over the course of our lives. They discovered a relationship between physical activity and telomere length, with the most active participants having telomeres the same length as sedentary people ten years younger. This evidence is a strong indication that physical activity helps keep the body young. Further investigation is required, but the message behind the researchers' work is an exciting one: regular exercise may have an anti-aging effect on the body.
*telomere ( ) ()

1.

What

result

did

the

new

study show?

2.

What

is

telomere

and

what role does it play?

-----------------------------------with N ing/ed : the same A as B : help V : the key to N : an overview of N : physical exertion :

STRUCTURE S who V not only V comparative than those with N, but V comparative as well.
S is a strong indication that S+V. S may have an A effect on N.

02 | - 05
In a recent study, subjects were asked to write a series of sentences using a computerized tablet. The tablet was designed to measure a variety of handwriting properties, including the size of the script, how hard the subject pressed on the tablet with the pen, and the ratio between the time the pen spent on the tablet and in the air. What researchers found was that there was a noticeable difference in handwriting between a subject writing a truthful sentence and the same subject writing a deceptive sentence. Law enforcement officials are already considering adding this handwriting test to the verbal-based lie detection methods they currently use in crime investigation. The handwriting tool is less intrusive and could potentially be more accurate than its oral counterpart.

1. What did the computerized tablet measure?

2. Why do the law enforcement officials consider this device to be effective in detecting lies?

-----------------------------------splash :

STRUCTURE
In a recent study, subjects/interviewees/participants were asked to V. What S found was that S+V. S is considering adding A to B.

- 6 -

Michuhol Foreign Language High School (99 with Kim Young sisters)

| Unit 2 |

02 | - 06
Though you may not be aware of it, something interesting happens every day on circular tracks whether for running, speed skating, or cycling all around the world. Unless a direction of movement is specified by facility rules, people will unconsciously choose to travel in a counterclockwise direction around the track. Moreover, we can find this phenomenon everywhere in nature. Amino acid molecules rotate counterclockwise, as do all of the planets in our solar system (except Venus). Seashell structures feature counterclockwise spirals. Manmade devices such as

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

2. How is Venus different from other system? -----------------------------------rotation(n) : clockwise vs. counterclockwise counter (against sth.) : eg. counter-argument : counterterrorism : counterattack : counterproductive :

planets

of

the

solar

carrousels, windmills, washers and dryers, and revolving doors all spin counterclockwise. As of yet, no one has been able to determine a logical explanation for this phenomenon. Perhaps the universe simply prefers to move counterclockwise.

STRUCTURE
S+V whether for A, B, or C. Unless S+be+PP, S will unconsciously V to V. S+V, as do all N. for N/why S+V.

As yet/so far/thus far/up to now/till now/up to the present, no one has been able to V a logical explanation

03 | -
Although a speech can be effective, all the words in the world cannot measure up to the example of a leader, especially in communicating new behaviors and values. There is often no more effective way to help people understand the message than to have it modeled for them by the manager. Words can yield a variety of interpretations in terms of the kind of behaviors people think they mean. But a managers actions provide a clear model of exactly the kind of behavior required. Managers who want people to take a more team-based approach with their people, for example, will almost certainly get better results by taking a more team-based approach themselves rather than just by making a speech on teamwork.

1. What is the best way to help people understand the message we want delivered and why?

2. Think of another example which can show us the importance of modeling.

STRUCTURE
S cannot measure up to N. There is no more effective way to V than to V.

N who V will almost certainly V by Ving rather than just by Ving.

- 7 -

Michuhol Foreign Language High School (99 with Kim Young sisters)

| Unit 3 |

03 | - 01
Back when oil prices were skyrocketing, automakers were required to change their fuel standards, making their vehicles more efficient. To conform to the new requirements, manufacturers had to find a way to make lighter cars without compromising safety or raising production costs. The senior engineers at one auto company looked at the problem and declared that it was impossible to solve. The manufacturing company had no choice but to pass the problem down to its junior engineers, who, eager to have the chance to prove themselves, were determined that a solution was possible. Indeed, in the end they succeeded where the senior engineers had failed. By setting out with the assumption that the task was achievable, they managed to find a solution even though the more experienced engineers had assumed the problem was insolvable.

1. What drove the automakers to improve the gas mileage?

2.

How

could do

the

junior the

engineer

something

seniors couldnt?

STRUCTURE
Back when S+V, S was required to V. S declared that S+V. S had no choice but to V. S was determined that S+V.

By setting out with N, S managed to V even though S+V.

03 | - 02
When children are young, they're willing to share everything with you. They happily answer your questions about what they did at school, what their friends are like, and how they're feeling. Once they hit the teenage years, however, kids tend to close up. They respond to those same questions with one-word answers that don't give you any information. As a parent, this can be frustrating, and you may even worry that your child is hiding misbehavior from you. But chances are that's not the case. Developing a sense of privacy is one way in which teens build their emotional independence. The best thing to do is to respect their boundaries. After all, there are plenty of personal thoughts and feelings you wouldn't want to share with your teens.

1.

How

do

the

teenagers

respond when they are asked some questions by their parents?

2.

How

should

parent

handle this?

STRUCTURE
S may even worry that S+V. But chances are S+V.

- 8 -