Chemistry 1211K Test 1 Study Guide

Chapter 1 - Foundations in Chemistry

1. State the Law of Conservation of Matter, the Law of Conservation of Energy, and the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy. Be able to express these in words other than those used in the text. Give examples of each. 2. Describe and distinguish among the general properties of gases, liquids, and solids. 3. Define, distinguish among, and give examples of a chemical change, a physical change, a chemical property, a physical property, an intensive property, and an extensive property. 4. Define, distinguish among, and give examples of substances, heterogeneous mixtures, homogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds. 5. Know the names and symbols of the elements. 6. Know the fundamental SI units and the meanings of the prefixes. Know at least one conversion factor relating metric and English units of mass, length, and volume. 7. Be familiar with conventions regarding exponential notation and significant figures. Apply them properly when doing mathematical operations. 8. Know how to construct unit factors from equalities. Use these in calculations that involve conversions from one set of units to another (dimensional analysis). 9. Distinguish between mass and weight; accuracy and precision; density and specific gravity; and heat and temperature. 10. Carry out calculations relating density, specific gravity, mass, and volume. 11. Identify significant figures and be able to use significant figures in multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. 12. Relate the Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin temperature scales. Convert a specified temperature on one scale to the corresponding temperature on the other two scales. 13. Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic changes. Be able to carry out calculations that relate heat capacity or specific heat to the heat transfer that accompanies temperature changes. 14. Use your understanding of this chapter to recognize and solve a variety of types of questions.

Chapter 2 - Formulas
1. Understand the postulates of the Dalton atomic theory. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. Know the names and symbols of the elements. 2. Be able to interpret a chemical formula in terms of the type and number of atoms present and the relative masses of elements present. 3. Know the names and formulas of the molecular compounds. 4. Describe ionic compounds. Know the names, formulas, and charges of the ions. Be able to combine these to write names and formulas for some ionic compounds. 5. Use the concepts of mole, atomic weight, formula weight, and molecular weight to relate masses as substances to numbers of atoms, molecules, or ions present. 6. Given the formula of a compound, calculate its percentage composition. 7. Given the elemental composition of a compound, calculate the simplest formula of the compound.) 8. Distinguish between the simplest (empirical) formula and the molecular formula. Given information about molecular weight or other number of atoms in a molecule, determine its molecular formula.

Chemistry 1211K Test 1 Study Guide

9. Summarize the laws of chemical combination: the Law of Conservation of Matter, the Law of Definite Proportions (Constant Composition), and the Law of Multiple Proportions. Be sure you understand how each of these is based on observation of chemical reactions. Give examples and be able to use each in calculations. 10. Apply the stoichiometric concepts to carry out a variety of calculations based on chemical formulas. 11. Describe and use information about the purity of a sample. 12. Use the concepts of the chapter to recognize and solve a variety of types of questions. 13. Relate concepts from earlier chapters to the ideas of this chapter. 14. Given their formulas, name binary and other common inorganic compounds by the IUPAC system. Given their IUPAC names, write the formulas of common inorganic compounds. Name common inorganic compounds by other commonly used traditional methods.

Chapter 3 - Stoichiometry
1. Balance simple chemical equations. Know what information is contained in a balanced chemical equation. 2. Use the concepts of this chapter to do calculations based on balanced chemical equations. 3. Given the amounts of two or more reactants, determine which is the limiting reactant and which is/are present in excess. Determine the extent of the reaction. 4. Given the amount of a limiting reactant present in a chemical reaction and the amount of a product formed, determine the percent yield. Given the percent yield and one of the other two variables, calculate the missing quantity. 5. Carry out calculations for a series of reactions or reaction steps. 6. Relate the given amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution to percent by mass of the solute and to molarity. 7. Relate the concentration and volume of a solution prepared by dilution to the concentration and volume of the concentrated solution from which it was prepared. 8. Relate the amount of substance required or produced in a reaction to the concentration of a solution containing that substance. 9. Know the terminology of titrations; carry out calculations related to titrations. 10. Be certain you can recognize and work various kinds of problems from this chapter. 11. Relate concepts from earlier chapters to the ideas of this chapter.