Lingg 121

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]
A LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN
KLINETTE JAN D. JIMENEZ 2010-06253
MRS. IRMA PENEYRA LINGUISTICS 121
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT GENERAL INFORMATION ON CAGAYAN HISTORY SUBDIVISION MUNICIPALITY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN JOURNAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
3 4 6 6 7 8 43 49
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank Maam Peneyra for giving us this kind of fieldwork which gave me a reason to visit our lovely province after 5 years. I hope I was able to do a good job. I would like to thank my guardian and constant companion of nearly twelve years, Ate Liezl, for accompanying me in this trip and for being my assistant during the whole research period. Thank you for enduring the long ride and the cold weather with me. I also thank our relatives who helped us and provided our needs, especially my grandmother Nanay Pol for providing us delicious native dishes and a comfortable place to rest, my cousins Kuya Denden for providing us transportation from barangay to barangay through his tricycle and Ate Linda for the delicious homemade cupcakes and brownies, and Tita Del for the milk candies for pasalubong. Thank you to all the residents who cooperated and provided us the information we need. Thank you for your hospitality and warm welcome. I hope the airport will soon be finished so that it may be easier to visit again anytime. Thanks to all my friends who missed me and worried about me when I went to Cagayan to do this research. Thank you to my parents for their unending love, care, and support. And thank you for paying for all our expenses during our trip. I love you!
GENERAL INFORMATION ON CAGAYAN
The Province of Cagayan is located at the most northeastern part of the Philippines bordered by the Province of Isabela on the south, the Cordillera Mountains on the west, the Pacific Ocean on the east, and the Balintang Channel. Cagayans boundaries also include the Babuyan Group of Islands about 110 kilometers north of the Luzon mainland. It consists of the islands of Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin and Babuyan Claro.
Having a total land area of 9, 295.75 square kilometers, it is the second largest province in Region 2. It is composed of 28 municipalities, one city subdivided into three congressional districts, and820 barangays. Cagayan is undeniably an agricultural land therefore boasting agricultural products such as rice, corn, peanuts, and fruits. Its livestock products include carabaos, cattle, hogs, goats, horses, sheep and dogs. Having 12 coastal municipalities and 85 coastal barangays, and being surrounded by bodies of water such as the Balintang Channel, Cagayan River and the Pacific Ocean, fishing also becomes a source of income for the province. Majority of the population are of Ilocano descent, mostly being migrants from the neighboring Ilocos Region. Prior to the arrival of these migrants, Ibanag has been the more widely used language throughout the province. Other ethnic groups residing in Cagayan are the Itawits, Malauegs, Gaddangs, and groups of Aetas.
Region Capital Divisions - Independent Cities - Component Cities - Municipalities - Barangays - Districts Population - Total - Density Area - Total Founded Spoken Languages Governor
Cagayan Valley Region (Region II) Tuguegarao City 0 1 28 820 3 1, 072, 571 120 per square kilometer 6thout of 80 9, 295.75 square kilometers 1581 Ibanag, Ilocano, Itawit, Tagalog, English Alvaro Antonio
HISTORY
The first batch of Spanish colonizers that came to Cagayan was lead by Captain Juan Pablo Carreon in 1581, with the mission of spreading Catholicism to the natives. Pope Clement VIII established the seat of the Diocese at the then Nueva Segovia, now Lal-lo. This Spanish influence is evident by the many churches across the province. After the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which gave America authority to the Philippines, significant development in agriculture, education, and communications system have been made. 35 municipalities have been founded in Cagayan, but due to constructions of roads and opening of agricultural lands, only 28 of the municipalities remained until now. At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese Imperial forces entered Cagayan. During the war, Anti-Japanese Operations in Cagayan Valley began, sending people from Cagayan and Isabela to help the local soldiers of the 11th and 14th Infantry Regiment of the USAFIP-NL, the local guerrilla fighters and the U.S. liberation forces. In 1945, the United States and the Philippine Commonwealth ground troops, together with the guerillas attacked the Japanese troops and set Cagayan to freedom.
SUBDIVISION
Cagayan is subdivided into 28 municipalities, one component city, Tuguegarao, with 820 barangays. Among the 28 municipalities, it is further more subdivided to classes based on the income determined by the Department of Budget and Management. There are 2 first-class municipalities, 2 second-class municipalities, 4 third-class municipalities, 14 fourth-class municipalities, and 5 fifth-class municipalities. Only Sta. Praxedes is a sixth-class municipality. This makes Cagayan a first-class province. It is also divided into three congressional districts. The Third District includes the southern municipalities of Amulung, Iguig, Peablanca, Tuguegarao City, Enrile, Solana and Tuao. Except for some parts of Aparri, Camalaniugan, Lallo, Alcala, and Amulung, all the other towns in the west part of the Cagayan River makes up the Second Congressional District. The rest of the municipalities comprise the First Congressional District, northeast of the Province.
MUNICIPALITY OF LAL-LO
Lal-lo was first known as Nueva Segovia during the Spanish colonization period. According to the 2007 Census of Population, it has a total population of 39, 607. Lal-lo has a total of 35 barangays. BARANGAY Abagao Alaguia Bagumbayan Bangag Bical Bicud Binag Cabayabasan (Capacuan) Cagoran Cambong Catayauan Catugan Centro (Pob.) Cullit Dagupan Dalaya Fabrica Fusina Jurisdiction Lalafugan Logac Magallungon (Sta. Teresa) Magapit Malanao Maxingal Naguilian Paranum Rosario San Antonio (Lafu) San Jose San Juan San Lorenzo San Mariano Santa Maria Tucalana
*As of August 1, 2007
POPULATION* 376 979 2024 894 581 586 578 1020 564 882 3685 1302 1502 744 795 887 360 454 964 1214 1968 736 2667 1115 2185 1389 506 176 781 1321 621 1157 1148 2206 1240
LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN

The data in this survey is gathered through informant work on each barangay. The informants were two to three natives of the barangay, with ages ranging from 28 to 66 years old. In cases where the barangays were unreachable due to weather and geographical factors, the researcher did an approximation based from the data collected from other surveyed barangays. The provinces are arranged in alphabetical order.
BARANGAY ABAGAO
Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 10%
Barangay Abagao
Ilocano Ibanag
BARANGAY ALAGUIA
Data: Ilocano 100%
Barangay Alaguia
Ilocano
BARANGAY BAGUMBAYAN The informants were Jimmy P. Balatico, 44 years old, and Florifes Roc, 57 years old. Both aretricycle drivers.
Data: Ilocano 97% Ibanag 1% Cebuano 1% Tagalog 1%
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Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011] BARANGAY BANGAG The informants were Romel Capinia, 31 years old barangay secretary, Perlito Raymundo, 57years old and Pablo Guizzagon, 53 years old both barangay tanod.
Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 11% Cebuano 11% Tagalog 10% Itawis 11% Bikolano 11%
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BARANGAY BICAL
Data: Ilocano -100%
Barangay Bical
Ilocano
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BARANGAY BICUD
Barangay Bicud
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY BINAG Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 5%
Barangay Binag
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY CABAYABASAN (CAPACUAN)
Barangay Cabayabasan (Capacuan)
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY CAGORAN
Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 5% Itawis 5%
Barangay Cagoran
Ilocano Ibanag Itawis
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BARANGAY CAMBONG
Data: Ilocano 100%
Barangay Cambong
Ilocano
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BARANGAY CATAYAUAN The informants were Cecilia M. Julian, 56 years old and the barangay secretary, Marciana T.Domingo, 73 years old and a housewife, and Demosthenes, 34 years old and a tricycle driver. Data: Ilocano 80% Ibanag 15% Cebuano 2% Tagalog 3%
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BARANGAY CATUGAN
Data: Ilocano 92% Ibanag 5% Cebuano 3%
Barangay Catugan
Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano
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BARANGAY CENTRO (POB.) The informants were Virgilio Camacam, 66 years old, Divina Grace Vargas, 50 years old, andAdemar Bautista, 45 years old. All of them are members of the barangay council.
Data: Ilocano 5% Ibanag 90% Cebuano -3% Itawis 2%
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BARANGAY CULLIT
Barangay Cullit
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY DAGUPAN
Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 5% Aeta 5%
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BARANGAY DALAYA
Barangay Dalaya
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY FABRICA
Barangay Fabrica
Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano
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BARANGAY FUSINA
Barangay Fusina
Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano Tagalog
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BARANGAY JURISDICTION The informants were Larry Ledda, 28 years old and Dante Ursulom, 33 years old.
Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 1% Cebuano 2% Aeta 1% Others: (below 1%) Bikolano and Tagalog
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BARANGAY LALAFUGAN
Barangay Lalafugan
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BARANGAY LOGAC
Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 3% Itawis 1% Tagalog 1%
Barangay Logac
Ilocano Ibanag Itawis Tagalog
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BARANGAY MAGALLUNGON (STA. TERESA)
Barangay Magallungon (Sta. Teresa)
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BARANGAY MAGAPIT The informant was the Barangay Secretary but the researcher forgot to jot down the name.
Data: Ilocano 70% Ibanag 9% Cebuano 10% Tagalog 10% Others: (below 1%) Kapampangan, Bikolano, Dabawenyo, Boholano and Ilonggo
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BARANGAY MALANAO
Barangay Malanao
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY MAXINGAL The informants were Maricon Jobe, 39 years old and Angeline Columna. Both are members of the barangay council.
Data: Ilocano 80% Cebuano 7% Tagalog 7% Bikolano 2% Aeta 4%
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BARANGAY NAGUILIAN
Barangay Naguilian
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY PARANUM
Data: Ilocano 80% Ibanag 3% Itawis 4% Cebuano 3% Tagalog 5% Kapampangan 5%
Barangay Paranum
Ilocano Ibanag Itawis Cebuano Tagalog Kapampangan
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BARANGAY ROSARIO
Barangay Rosario
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO (LAFU)
Barangay San Antonio (Lafu)
Ilocano Ibanag
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BARANGAY SAN JOSE The informants were Emil Argonsa, 60 years old and a member of the barangay council and Larry Tesoro, 58 years old and a sari-sari store owner.
Data: Ilocano 35% Ibanag 50% Tagalog 10% Bikolano 5% Kapampangan 2%
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BARANGAY SAN JUAN
Barangay San Juan
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BARANGAY SAN LORENZO
Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 8% Aeta 2%
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BARANGAY SAN MARIANO
Barangay San Mariano
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BARANGAY SANTA MARIA The informants were Remedios D. Cabalsi, 52 years old and Josefina D. Pizarro, 52 years old.Both are members of the barangay council.
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BARANGAY TUCALANA The informants were Rener Corpuz, 53 years old and Gilberto Aguinaldo, 61 years old, both members of the barangay council.
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JOURNAL
December 17, 2011 The morning started with my daily Saturday routine eating breakfast, taking a bath, going to the house-to-house ministry then to my Bible study. Then I went to SM Bacoor to buy a dozen donuts and a box of the Munchkins from Dunkin Donuts as pasalubong for the relatives who might be welcoming us in Cagayan. After eating lunch, I started packing my things (yes, I just started packing about5 hours before our trip). Originally, my mom wanted us to use only a single luggage (the hand carry-sized one), but I knew it would not be enough for my clothes alone because I tend to bring a lot of extra clothes when I travel (just in case I need to dress up for an unplanned event or something like that) so she decided to let us use two separate luggage. Then I put my laptop and charger in my backpack, which also contained snacks and bottled water that I imagined we will be consuming during the 12-hour drive to Lal-lo. We finished packing by 3pm, took a shower, got ready, and then left the house at about4:30pm. Our bus will leave at 8:30pm so we thought we had plenty of time to rest at the station and eat dinner, but as soon as we reached Macapagal Boulevard, we were stuck in a traffic jam. It also started to rain heavily we wondered if the weather condition in Cagayan is the same. We tried an alternate route by turning back to EDSA, but just the same, there was a heavy traffic. We tried to figure out the cause of this almost-not-moving traffic situation. We have been stuck for more than an hour so I checked on MMDAs twitter account expecting updates or alternate routes, but I did not find any of those. My dad finally decided to turn back and use the Baclaran route. Surprisingly, using that route only took us less than thirty minutes to reach Roxas Boulevard. Before 7pm, we were already in Espaa Boulevard so we decided to have dinner somewhere near the Florida Bus Station. We had dinner at Shakeys and left the restaurant at about 8pm. By the time we reach the station, our bus is already parked there loading passengers and their baggage. The bus is the super deluxe type, with large chairs that can be reclined, footrests and a toilet. I kissed my parents goodbye and we boarded our bus. As soon as our bus started moving, the local movie Whos that Girl? started playing on the screen. I watched some parts of the movie, as I fell asleep on some parts.
December 18, 2011 It was still a little dark when I woke up. I am not sure where we were exactly. All I can see are fields and silhouettes of mountains. Nanay is still sleeping soundly while Ate is already awake too. We felt hungry and we figured out chips will not satisfy our stomachs, so we decided to eat the Munchkins that are supposed to be our pasalubong. After another hour or so, we reached our stopover in Tuguegarao. I almost froze the moment I stepped out of the bus. The cold wind was blowing so cold that my whole body is literally shaking. It was even colder than
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the already cold aircondition of our bus. Aside from the cold wind, the ground is also wet. I guessed it was raining hard moments ago because it was still a cloudy then. It was almost 7am when our bus started moving again. I tried to sleep again but maybe because I know that we only have more or less one hour on the road so I was not able to. I looked at the window and I can already see the Cagayan River. I also noticed bright apple green colored leaves along the highway, which Ate guessed to be camote tops. It was raining, and I hoped it will not be for long because I know that rain will make it hard for us to move from barangay to barangay. Our house was at the other side of the highway. It looks like a Spanish style house, with its windows made of square Capiz shells. It was a little dirty inside, which made Ate immediately start sweeping and scrubbing floors. We decided to use the remaining of the day to rest, then we will start working tomorrow. Besides, it was raining harder so starting the work today may be difficult. Nanay Pol informed us my cousin Kuya Denden will be driving for us tomorrow. It was a good thing he owns a tricycle. I used the rest of the afternoon browsing the NSO data that we will be using on the research, and discussed it with Ate and Nanay, deciding where to go first. Like what I expected, we had an early dinner so we also got to bed early.
December 19, 2011 Nanay was still out when I woke up. She went out to attend Simbang Gabi. Ate prepared the breakfast. I went out through the back door to see the Cagayan River. I wanted to go up to the river control but it was raining so it would be dangerous as the floor would be slippery. I went back in to report the river and the weather condition to Ate. She did not want to see the river because she is scared of large bodies of water. We drank coffee as we wait for Nanay Pol. She arrived with a relative, Tita Janet, and we started eating. I readied my things - my backpack with the NSO data, papers where I can write the information we will get, a pen, snacks, and a bottle of water - as I wait for Ate to take a bath. After taking bath and dressing up, we found Kuya Denden already waiting for us downstairs. After an exchange of jokes and greetings, we went on our way to our first destination: Magapit. Kuya Denden was not quite sure where the barangay hall was so he asked some fellow tricycle drivers near a gas station. They gave instructions and as we follow those, it lead us to the barangay hall. It was at the top of a muddy, zigzag road uphill, beside an elementary school. We found there the council secretary, who became our informant. Once unsure, she calls another member of the council and together they gave me answers. We got so caught up in our conversation that we left forgetting to ask her name. We went back to Magapit because we needed to cross the Magapit Bridge to reach the remaining barangays. We planned to go to those barangays tomorrow but since we finished
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earlier than we expected, we decided to just go to the next barangays in our list. But due to the heavy rain, were only able to reach the first barangay across the bridge: Barangay Bangag. Right after we gathered enough data, we rushed home because Nanay and Ate are afraid the water level may rise to a level that might cause floods. We planned to continue the survey the next day when the weather might be better. We spent the rest of the afternoon visiting and catching up with our relatives that I have not seen for more than 5 years. It was already dark when we went back home. After eating dinner, we easily fell asleep. Maybe we were too tired, or maybe because the air was so cold it brought a sleepy atmosphere.
The view from our bedroom in the second floor of the house.
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December 20, 2011 The weather just got worse. It was raining harder than yesterday. I checked the Cagayan River and it undeniably looked wider, the water level higher, its flowing faster, and therefore scarier. I was sure the water level was higher than before because yesterday I can still see an "island" at the middle of the river, but today, all I can see is a wide, fast flowing body of water. Continuing the survey might not be possible today because the remaining barangays that we need to visit are all at the other side of the river, where we will need to cross the Magapit Bridge again. My companions decided it would be dangerous to do so because we do not know when the river might overflow and cause flash floods and such. We decided to wait until the weather gets better or at least until the water level of the river subside a little. As we watch the evening news, we saw that some areas in Tuguegarao are already flooded. We also saw the news about the calamity in Cagayan de Oro. My friends actually called and texted me, worried, because they thought we went to Cagayan de Oro, so I clarified that I went to Cagayan as in Cagayan Valley Region 2 and not Cagayan de Oro in Mindanao. But what worried me was the news that some parts of Cagayan are already flooded and I'm afraid I might not be able to continue my survey if this goes on for the rest of the week.
The unique shape of tricycles in Cagayan 46
December 21, 2011 Just as we predicted, the weather did not improve at all. We were stuck at the house the whole day. I spent the day typing the data already collected and watching movies in my laptop. When neighbors came to play their favorite past time mahjong and cards I go down to the living room to greet and listen to their conversations, hoping to increase my Ilocano vocabulary. At night, Ate cooked spaghetti and served the fruit salad she made last night for the neighbors who were still at our house. After taking a shower, we started packing our stuff. We have an 1pm flight tomorrow and we still need to prepare so we need to get up early. We plan to take a van to the airport in Tuguegarao, and Nanay Pol will be with us since we are familiar with the places and stops there.
A picture of Cagayan River from the second floor of the house.
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December 22, 2011 We arrived at the airport at about 10am. Since the area is only limited, those with 1pm flights will only be allowed to check-in at 11:30am so we decided to have an early lunch first. I ordered the native pancit called Batil Patung. I have only seen the dish on TV so I was really excited to have the taste of the popular Cagayan dish. Nanay Pol left us at the terminal because she needs to attend a Christmas party for senior citizens back at Lal-lo. I asked her to remind the favor I asked from my cousin to complete the survey. Our plane arrived and departed on time so we were back home at about 6pm.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Online Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan http://cagayano.tripod.com/geography.htmlhttp://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.ht ml http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/municipality.asp?muncode=021516000&regcode=02& provcode=15 http://www.mapsir.com/manage/eWebEditor/UploadFile/2011514222251835.jpg http://www.1stphilippines.com/pp-1228470ec3d65cbcf41cd45804f5a92e.html
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Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

A LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN

KLINETTE JAN D. JIMENEZ 2010-06253

MRS. IRMA PENEYRA LINGUISTICS 121

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

GENERAL INFORMATION ON CAGAYAN

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF LAL-LO, CAGAYAN

Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 10%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 100%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 97% Ibanag 1% Cebuano 1% Tagalog 1%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano -100%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 97% Ibanag 3%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

BARANGAY BINAG Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 5%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

BARANGAY CABAYABASAN (CAPACUAN)

Data: Ilocano 98% Ibanag 2%

Barangay Cabayabasan (Capacuan)

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 5% Itawis 5%

Ilocano Ibanag Itawis

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 100%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 92% Ibanag 5% Cebuano 3%

Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 5% Ibanag 90% Cebuano -3% Itawis 2%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 5%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 5% Aeta 5%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 98% Ibanag 2%

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 2% Cebuano 3%

Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 85% Ibanag 5% Cebuano 5% Tagalog 5%

Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano Tagalog

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 88% Ibanag 10% Cebuano 1% Tagalog 1%

Ilocano Ibanag Cebuano Tagalog

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

Data: Ilocano 95% Ibanag 3% Itawis 1% Tagalog 1%

Ilocano Ibanag Itawis Tagalog

Linguistic Survey of Lal-lo, Cagayan [2011]

BARANGAY MAGALLUNGON (STA. TERESA)

Data: Ilocano 90% Ibanag 5% Cebuano 2% Tagalog 3%

Barangay Magallungon (Sta. Teresa)