FINAL VERSION - NSCT - Research Priority Areas For Inclusion in The NRDA - March 2012

March 2, 2012
[Call for Submission of Research Priority Areas For Inclusion in the National
Research and Development Agenda]
GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (NCST)
Preliminary Proposal for Enhanced Research & Development for Vision 2030 Physical Infrastructure
VOLUME I
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH PRIORITY AREAS FOR: INCLUSION IN THE NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
John Ngaya MUKABI (Ph.D)

(Scientist/Researcher)
March 2012
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CONFIDENTIALITY AND COPYRIGHT
This document is for the sole use of the addressee John Ngaya MUKABI. The document contains proprietary and confidential information that shall not be reproduced in any manner or disclosed to or discussed with any other parties without the express written permission of John Ngaya Mukabi and/or Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited. Information in this document is to be considered the intellectual property of John Ngaya MUKABI and/or Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited in accordance with Kenyan copyright law. This report was prepared by John Ngaya MUKABI for the account of the National Council for Science and Technology (NCST). The material in it reflects John Ngaya MUKABIs best judgement, in the light of the information available to it, at the time of preparation. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. Neither John Ngaya MUKABI nor Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited accepts any responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. 2012 John Ngaya Mukabi/Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Executive Summary
In order for the Vision to be realized within the designated time-frame, it is imperative that the targeted economic growth is achieved through rapid industrialization, enhanced agricultural production and agro-industry development, booming tourism, advanced education (science and technology) among other factors. Such goals can only be achieved through rapid infrastructure development based on innovative techniques, methods and technologies as a primary driving factor. In the Keynote Lecture and Publication by Mukabi on The Role of Enhanced Research in Geotechnical Engineering for Pragmatic Infrastructure Development within the Vision 2030; Published in the Proceedings of the 2008 Institution of Engineers of Kenya International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, innovative methods that can realize the practical achievements of such advancement are discussed in terms of cost-effectiveness, performance and environmental considerations. In order to achieve these fundamental goals, the paper also emphasizes the need to enhance capacity building programmes through the pragmatic development of strong Young Engineers Programmes (YEPs) for public, private and academic institutions through technology transfer, technical training and Research & Development activities. This Proposal suggests and emphasizes on the utter need of enhancing Research & Innovation for Sustainable Development (RISD) in infrastructure as a top priority area which will form the integral technological pillar and foundation for rapid industrialization leading to the targeted socio-economic development. Specifically, emphasis is made on the importance of designing and implementing Research Regimes that concentrate on developing Value Engineering (VE) technologies and materials science that would lead to appreciable cost-time savings, whilst enhancing the structural and serviceability levels as well as the overall performance of the structures. Examples of some of the VE technologies that have been recently developed and effectively applied on roads and runway pavements, airports construction, pad foundations for oil exploration and drilling rigs, subgrade ground improvement for pavement structures, foundation ground improvement for bridges, jetties and other port facilities as well as slope stabilization and structural enhancement of retaining
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walls are presented in Section 3.4 and their areas of application outlined in Section 3.5 of Chapter 3. On the other hand, case examples of the successful application of these VE technologies within the East and Central African Region realizing average cost savings of between 30 and 60%, time savings of more than 100% and structural enhancement of more than 1.8 times of the conventional designs, are cited in Section 3.6 and analysis of their performance demonstrated in one of the most recent publication on this topic submitted by Mukabi (2012), and internationally peer reviewed and accepted for publication in the proceedings of the ISSMGE-TC 211 International Symposium on Ground Improvement IS-GI Brussels June 2012 entitled Case Study Analysis of OPMC Improved Foundation Ground, Pavement and Other Geostructures Employing the GECPRO Model. The publication, which is included in Section 3.6 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal, also cites the research oriented unique designs of the Isiolo Airport, which is one of the flagship projects of the Kenya Vision 2030, that were developed by Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited with Mukabi as the Lead Researcher/Consultant and Team Leader. The basic format of this proposal provides Chapter 1 which is an introduction of the fundamental role and importance of infrastructure development as an integral pillar and foundation of achieving the Kenya Vision 2030, whilst citing the practical example of a Research & Development Technical Proposal recently submitted to the Materials Testing & Research Department of the Ministry of Roads. Brief notes linking research to infrastructure development are provided under Section 1.4 whilst Section 1.5 outlines some important components and suggestions on the basic mode of pragmatically achieving some of the goals and objectives. An attempt is made in Chapter 2 to demonstrate the appreciation, interpretation and response to the requirements of the Call for Submission by the NCST and the objectives thereof. A brief introduction and discussions are presented in Chapter 3, whilst Chapters 4, 5 and 6 provide examples of the technical approach and methodology designed to achieve the research goals and objectives, performance oriented work plan and organization and staffing respectively. The conclusions and recommendations are outlined in Chapter 7 followed by Attachments.
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The following preliminary conclusions and recommendations are made.

Conclusions 1. Infrastructure is an absolutely integral priority area of research. 2. Enhancement of Research & Development Programmes, capacity building and increased funding in the advancing of Value Engineering (VE) technologies and materials science is certainly integral in the achievement of rapid socio-economic development in line with the Kenya Vision 2030. 3. The Case Examples and Analyses of the VE Technologies introduced in Chapter 3 of this Proposal clearly demonstrate the: a) importance of enhanced R&D; b) enormous cost-time savings realized through the application of these technologies; c) enhanced structural performance and serviceability levels achieved; d) versatility of technologies in their applications; and, e) technologies can immensely contribute to the rapid achievement of integrated and socio-economic development.
Recommendations 1. Infrastructure be considered as a topmost priority area of research. 2. Funding for research in this area be exponentially increased in order to undertake comprehensive and extensive research for purposes of achieving rapid and useful results. 3. Policies be established to the effect that a percentage of say 3 ~ 5% be levied on every infrastructure project for purposes of research funding in this field. 4. Policies be established to make it mandatory that infrastructure projects only be awarded to consulting and contracting firms that foster, develop and apply Value Engineering Technologies as is demonstrated in sub-section 3.3.4, which outlines some policy and contractual aspects of Value Engineering.
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5. More forums such as the National Science, Technology and Innovation Week to be held on 7 11 May 2012 under the NCST auspices be organized and research findings efficiently corroborated accordingly. 6. Committees be established in the respective fields of research under the NCST for purposes of effectively coordinating and corroborating research findings in order to avoid duplication and unnecessary use of the much needed research funding.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Role of Infrastructure Development in the Pragmatic Achievement of Vision 2030 1.2 Brief Introduction of Relevant Experience of Proponent Researcher 1.3 Practical Example of Recently Submitted Research & Development Technical Proposal 1.4 Brief Notes Linking Research to Infrastructure Development 1.5 Mode of Pragmatic Achievement of Goals and Objectives 1.5.1 Identification of Actual Needs 1.5.2 Identification of Available Natural Resources 1.5.3 Identification of Available Human Resources 1.5.4 Cost-effective and Economic Utilization of Available Resources
Chapter 2 Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements

2.1 Main Solicitation Requirements 2.2 Fundamental Recognition 2.3 Statement of Invitation 2.3.1 Parties invited 2.3.2 Overall objectives 2.4 Main Target of National Research and Development Agenda (NRDA) 2.5 Interpretation of NCSTs in Response to the NRDAs Requirements 2.6 Main Objectives of the NRDA vii Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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2.6.1 Advisory Services 2.6.2 Promotion of scientifically based collaborative solution 2.6.3 Identification and funding of relevant and viable research 2.6.4 Creation of opportunities of new technologies, transfer and adoption 2.6.5 Enhancement of application of research findings and innovations 2.6.6 Improvement of quality of life and poverty reduction 2.7 NCST Commitment and relevance thereof
Chapter 3 Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development
3.1 Fundamental Definition and Preamble 3.2 Employment of the SAC in Establishing an Innovative, Viable and Efficient ST&I Matrix for Sustainable National Infrastructure Development Plan 3.3 Necessity for the Enhancement of Research in Value Engineering (VE) Technologies 3.3.1 Fundamental definition of VE 3.3.2 Contribution (Role) of VE technologies in the achievement of Integrated Development (ID) 3.3.3 Role of VE Technologies in socio-economic development 3.3.4 Some Policy and Contractual Aspects of VE 3.4 Examples of VE Technologies Developed and Applied in East Central Africa Region 3.4.1 Brief conceptual background 3.4.2 Technologies, scientific analytical techniques and models 3.5 Outline of Applications 3.5.1 Optimum Batching Ratio Method (OBRM) 3.5.2 Optimum Mechanical and Chemical Stabilization (OPMCS) 3.5.3 Ground Improvement Methods (GIM) viii Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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3.6 Case Examples of Application of VE Technologies 3.7 Areas of Further and Enhanced Research in VE Technologies
Chapter 4 Example of Technical Approach and Methodology Designed to Achieve Research Goals and Objectives
4.1 Preamble 4.2 Study Objectives and Approach 4.2.1 Basic analysis 4.2.2 Brief background of Necessity of Consultancy Services 4.2.3 Consultants Interlinking Matrix of Approach to Services 4.3 Consultants familiarization with the Scope of the Study 4.3.1 Literature review 4.3.2 Condition surveys including structural evaluation on Geosynthetics trial sections constructed in Kenya from 1987 to 2011 4.3.3 Development of Design Procedures, Preliminary Construction Specifications and Quality Control Systems and Recommendation of Appropriate Testing Equipment 4.3.4 Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2) and Design of Monitoring Programmes 4.3.5 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments on selected roads in Kenya countrywide 4.3.6 Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC on selected roads in Kenya countrywide 4.3.7 Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes 4.3.8 Submission of Reports 4.3.9 Organization of Stakeholders Workshops 4.3.10 Preparation of Final Reports
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4.4 Overall Technical Approach 4.5 Overall Methodology 4.6 Approach and Methodology to delivery of the Services required 4.6.1 Condition survey and Scoping Inventory 4.6.2 Development of overall Research Philosophy and Regime 4.6.3 Proposed field and laboratory Testing Regime 4.6.4 Equipment and Instrumentation 4.6.4.1 Laboratory Equipment 4.6.4.2 Field Measurement Equipment 4.6.4.3 Calibration and Verification of Equipment 4.6.4.4 Innovatively Modified and Fabricated Equipment 4.6.5 Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis 4.6.6 Methods of Design 4.6.6.1 Geosynthetically Reinforced Pavement Structural Design 4.6.6.2 Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankment and Foundation 4.6.7 Methods of Construction 4.6.8 Quality Control Systems 4.6.9 Example of Development of Preliminary Performance Based Specifications 4.6.10 Example of Maintenance Procedures Proposed 4.7 Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures & Retaining Walls 4.7.1 Evaluation and Monitoring of RE Geostructures 4.7.2 Evaluation and Monitoring of Retaining Walls 4.7.3 Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of RE-Retaining Walls Interaction 4.7.4 Consultants Relevant Experience in Developing Monitoring and Evaluation Systems & Programmes
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4.8 Development of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structures 4.9 Road Maintenance Procedures for Geosynthetically Reinforced Flexible Pavement Structure 4.10 Consultants Relevant Experience in Research Oriented Design for Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures 4.10.1 Pavement Structural Design Example 4.10.2 Embankment and Foundation Design Example 4.11 Consultants Relevant Experience in Research Oriented Design for Geosynthetics Reinforced Geo-Structures 4.12 Capacity Building 4.13 Environmental Impact Assessment
Chapter 5 Example of Performance Oriented Work Plan to be Adopted

5.1 Basis of Work Plan 5.2 Necessary Tasks 5.5.1 Main Task/Work Schedule 5.5.2 Priority of Schedule of Works 5.3 Task Analysis and Management 5.3.1 Task breakdown and Reciprocal Activities 5.3.2 Proposed Tasks Management System 5.4 Mode of Task Implementation 5.5 Main Tasks/ Work schedule 5.6 Implementation Arrangement 5.6.1 Implementation Arrangement by Logistics 5.6.2 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks 5.7 Summary of Deliverables xi Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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5.8 Consultants Tool Book
Chapter 6 Example of Organization and Staffing

6.1 Overall Organization Structure of the Research 6.2 Proposed Organization Structure for the Assignment 6.3 Composition of Proposed Research Staff 6.4 Summary of Staffing Task assignment 6.5 Proposed Staff Assignment Schedule
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 Conclusions 7.2 Recommendations
Attachments
A1 Abridged CV of Proponent Researcher A1.1 Summary of CV A1.2 Recently Submitted Lead Researcher/Consultant CV A2 List of Relevant Engineering Reports A3 List of Recently Published Relevant Peer Reviewed International Scientific and Engineering Publications A3.1 List of Engineering Publications A3.2 List of Scientific Publications
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Other Attachments to be Submitted if Necessary

A4 Publication on the Role of Enhanced Research in Geotechnical Engineering for Pragmatic Infrastructure Development within the Vision 2030; Published in the Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya International Conference Publication of The Engineer and Vision 2030 A5 Publication on Case Study Analysis of OPMC; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 Brussels International Symposium on Ground Improvement A6 Publication on Nairobi Underground Development; Published in Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on the Geotechnical Challenges in Mega Cities A7 Publication on Case Example of Design and Construction within Problematic Soils; Published in Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on the Geotechnical Challenges in Mega Cities A8 Publication on Mathematical Derivative on the Modified Critical State Theory; Published in the Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics A9 Publication on Application of High-order Spatial Cumulants for Sophisticated Analytical Methods; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics A10 Publication on Proposed Theory of Particle Agglomeration; Published in the Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing A11 Publication on Proposed Quadruple Process Model and Geomathematical Functions; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing A12 Publication on Integrated Geo-probabilistic and Geo-statistical Module Functions; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Volume II Appendices (To be submitted if Necessary)

V-II.1 Technical Proposal for Materials Testing & Research Department Ministry of Roads V-II.2 Research & Development Policy Review Evaluation of the Kenya Rural Road Authority V-II.3 Full Curriculum Vitae of Proponent Researcher
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Role of Infrastructure Development in the Pragmatic Achievement of Vision 2030 Infrastructure development is the heart and key to any visionary and pragmatic socio-economic growth of a country. The Kenya Vision 2030 aims at maintaining a sustained economic growth of 10% p.a. over the next 25 years through the direction that the Vision Strategy be accompanied with realistic and concrete action plans since expiry of the Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS) in December 2007. The overarching component of the Vision is that Kenya transforms into a globally competitive and prosperous nation with a high quality of life by 2030. Nevertheless, the major question still remains; how can this vision actually be achieved in reality? In order for the Vision to be realized within the designated time-frame, it is imperative that the targeted economic growth is achieved through rapid industrialization, enhanced agricultural production and agro-industry development, booming tourism, advanced education (science and technology) among other factors. Such goals can only be achieved through rapid infrastructure development based on innovative techniques, methods and technologies as a primary driving factor. In the Keynote Lecture and Publication by Mukabi on The Role of Enhanced Research in Geotechnical Engineering for Pragmatic Infrastructure Development within the Vision 2030; Published in the Proceedings of the 2008 Institution of Engineers of Kenya International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, innovative methods that can realize the practical achievements of such advancement are discussed in terms of cost-effectiveness, performance and environmental considerations. In order to achieve these fundamental goals, the paper also emphasizes the need to enhance capacity building programmes through the development of strong Young Engineers Programmes (YEPs) for public, private and academic institutions through technology transfer, technical training and R&D activities. The versatility of advanced research based Consolidation and Shear Stress Ratio (CSSR) Functions in the prediction of ground, pavement and foundation behaviour is also demonstrated. It further proposes that the application of CSSR Functions in F.E analysis or other constructive models may reduce the complexity of the models and/or number of parameters required in such modelling. Further demonstration on the application of CSSR Functions in relation to the design of appropriate testing, experimental and research regimes through the conceptual correlation of loading rates, reconsolidation, aging, geomaterial characteristics, ground structure and reconstitution in relation to multi-stage construction of embankments and foundations, precise determination of bearing capacity factors numerical computerized modelling and prediction of ground and foundation behaviour, as well as the overall enhancement of engineering parameters. The Paper also introduces and discusses some recently developed research oriented geotechnical engineering solutions to problems related to tropical problematic soils and recommends appropriate methods of design and construction that would ensure the application of such geomaterials. The ongoing research regarding this topic is also introduced. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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The strength and deformation characteristics derived from the interaction of geosynthetics and tropical geomaterials are discussed from a scientific and engineering perspective. Recently developed techniques and geotechnical engineering concepts for ground improvement, OPMC Stabilized retaining walls and enhancements of design, construction and maintenance engineering aspects are also introduced. The paper demonstrates and concludes that for purposes of achieving the Kenya Vision 2030, sustainable development and maintenance, Research and Development (R&D) is absolutely necessary. 1.2 Brief Introduction of Relevant Experience of Proponent Researcher (Dr. Mukabi) Since his return from Japan, Dr. Mukabi has innovatively employed the high-tech knowledge he gained overseas to undertake comprehensive research in East and Central Africa for the past 16 years, developing Value Engineering (VE) - cost time saving technologies that are relevant for the environmental conditions, and consider optimum utilization of the natural and human resources available; ultimately contributing to integrated and socio-economic development through the cost savings realized and ploughed back in the Projects. Some of the technologies that he has developed, which realize cost-savings of between 30 and 60% depending on the nature of the works, environment and efficiency of contractor, are presented under Section 3.4, whilst their areas of application and case examples are given in Sections 3.5 and 3.6 respectively. As can also be noted from his curriculum vitae, he is a strong proponent and promoter of research based design having published over 200 scientific and engineering international publications as the first author. 1.3 Practical Example of Recently Submitted Infrastructure Research & Development Technical Proposal and the Importance thereof Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, with the Proponent Researcher as the Lead Research Consultant, submitted Technical and Financial Proposals to the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) for research consultancy services for the following priority areas within the Ministry of Roads regarding the introduction and application of research based advanced technologies on the following main topics. 1. STUDIES ON GEOSYNTHETICS REINFORCED MATERIALS FOR ROAD EMBANKMENTS AND PAVEMENTS; AND, 2. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REINFORCED EARTH WALLS (RE-WALLS) ALONG THIKA ROAD (A2)
The main Study objectives were:(i) Development of design procedures, construction specifications and quality control systems for Geosynthetics reinforced embankments and pavements. Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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(ii) Performance evaluation of RE walls constructed under Nairobi - Thika Project and design of monitoring programmes. Essentially, the Request for Proposal (RFP) required the design of a research regime that is primarily aimed at developing construction and performance Specifications for Geosynthetics reinforced Geomaterials for road embankments and pavement structures in particular, including design procedures and quality control systems as well as evaluation regimes and procedures for evaluating the performance of existing geo-structures and retaining walls. From a global perspective the methods of design, construction, quality control systems and performance specifications should ensure that the procedures and techniques are pragmatically applicable and; 1. Cost and time effective predominated with a Value Engineering (VE) component. 2. State of the Art so that they are applicable to inclusion in the Road Design Manual (K) and Standard Specifications. 3. Are particularly tailored for tropical environmental conditions within the East and Central Africa Region. 4. Satisfactorily innovative enough to provide a useful basis for developing alternative and more effective stabilization techniques for Geomaterials, new engineering products, more costeffective concepts, methods of design and construction techniques which are also environmentally friendly. 5. Provide engineering indicators for quality control, monitoring and evaluation of performance of Geostructures. The Scope of the Study required the Consultant to undertake the following tasks which were inclusive but not limited. Studies on Geosynthetics Reinforced Materials for Road Embankments and Pavements a) Literature review on: i. ii. iii. iv. Scientific and engineering theories, concepts and principles of geosynthetics reinforcement; Standards and procedures for testing chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of geosynthetics; The impact of geometric design characteristics of geosynthetics, i.e junction, thickness of ribs and geometry of the aperture etc to the performance of geosynthetics with respect to road embankments and pavement materials; and The impact of geosynthetics to the environment
b) Condition surveys including structural evaluation on the geosynthetics trial sections constructed in Kenya since 1987 to 2011 under the following Projects: i. Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) and Garsen Bridge; ii. Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2); iii. Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104); and, iv. Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104).
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c)
Based on the agreed principles and findings from a) and b) above, develop design procedures, preliminary construction specifications and quality control systems including recommendation on appropriate testing equipment for geosynthetics reinforcement.
d) Develop special specifications for further trials on geosynthetics reinforced embankments on the following roads: i) ii) iii) iv) Masalani bridge approaches; Likoni ~ Shelly beach; Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523); and, Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260).
e) Develop special specifications for further trials on geosynthetic reinforced DBM/AC on the following roads: i) ii) iii) iv) Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104); Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104); Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104); and, Uplands ~ Kimende Road (A104)
f) Develop programmes for monitoring and evaluation of the trials under e) and f) g) Organize Workshops for the Stakeholders to discuss the draft final reports. Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth Walls (RE-Walls) Along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2).
a) Literature review on Engineering design principles of Reinforced Earth Walls b) Examination of Construction Specifications and Records of RE Walls c) Development of procedures for testing and evaluation of completed works which should assessment of settlement on embankments and stability of RE-Walls. include
d) Application of the Procedures developed in c) to evaluate the performance of the RE-Walls constructed along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2) vis a vis the design assumptions as follows. i) ii) iii) City Arterial Connectors [Lot 1]; Three (3) Structures; Muthaiga Roundabout ~ Kenyatta University [Lot 2]: Two (2) Structures; and, Kenyatta ~ Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures.
e) Design a monitoring programme to inform development of standard construction specifications. Excerpts of examples of how the Consultant responded to the RFP on how he intends to effectively implement the Research Assignment are presented in Chapters 4 ~ 6 of this document.
1.4 Brief Notes on Linking Research to Infrastructure Development 4 Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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A network matrix mode of integrating various physical infrastructures would be recommended as a means of designing and developing a feasible and effective Research Regime. A. Infrastructure Sustainable infrastructure development requires: 1. Application of appropriate and suitable technologies for design and construction. 2. Cost-time effectiveness based on Value Engineering principles, technologies and policies. 3. Comprehensive feasibility studies (F/S) based on State of the Art Guidelines, Specifications and Design Manuals. 4. Proper but pragmatic policies governing a systematic implementation system of infrastructure that takes into account the physical and social environmental factors and constraints as dictated by demographic dynamics and environmental changes. B. Research On the other hand, intensively, comprehensively and innovatively undertaken research generally leads to: 1. Development of appropriate, sustainable and advanced technologies for design and construction replacing archaic and outdated technologies. 2. Determination of suitability and relevance of the technologies to be applied based on importance and magnitude of project. 3. Consistent development and review of useful and relevant Guidelines, Specifications and Design Manuals that consider socio-environmental changes and other dynamics. 4. Advances in Value Engineering technologies, designs and methods of implementing infrastructure projects. 5. Determination of up to date information on demographic distribution, statistics and prevalent environmental factors for the development of suitable and appropriate policies for effective implementation of infrastructure projects. C. Linking Research and Infrastructure Development Infrastructure development is the basis of better life as well as the nerve centre and key to the achievement of any visionary and pragmatic/sustainable socio-economic growth of a country in any modern society. On the other hand, infrastructure is time dependant in terms of design life, relevance and performance. The contemporary Civil Engineer, for example, is increasingly faced with major tasks and challenges as a consequence of increased socio-economic activities prompted mainly by population explosion 5 Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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and changing lifestyles. Such tasks and challenges necessitate the construction of larger civil engineering structures such as high rise buildings for increased accommodation, large storage facilities such as liquid tanks as well as highways and bridges that can cater for heavier loads and higher capacity of transportation due to increased traffic. On the other hand, the recently developed environmental policies intended to control degradation can be imposing. Furthermore, the Civil Engineer in developing countries is constrained by lack of sufficient or necessary financial resources and technical capability. Under these circumstances therefore, the Civil Engineer has to constantly develop innovative engineering concepts and methods to face and resolve such challenges in a most appropriate manner. For developing countries in particular, the methods must take into account factors such as appropriate technology, investment benefit in terms of time, cost reduction of maintenance requirements and most of all, reasonable sustainability. The foregoing facts necessitate advanced research geared towards enhancing infrastructure development. Fundamentally, as shown in Figure 1, Research and Infrastructure Development are symbiotically linked/related.
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Fig. 1: Symbiotic link/relation between Research and Infrastructure Development and their role and contribution to Sustainable Socio-economic Development D. Some benefits of Research Based Infrastructure Development In order to optimally reap the benefits of any form of infrastructure the adoption of relevant technologies developed on the basis of proper research is a prerequisite. Some of the main benefits of research based infrastructure development include: 1. Achievement of appropriate designs tailored for a particular environment and prevailing conditions. 2. Achievement of Value Engineering structures which ensure reduction in cost and enhancement in structural performance.
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3. Avoidance of development of unnecessary and/or archaic infrastructure based on outdated methods of design and construction, which turn out to be a menace and burden on the taxpayer. 4. Guaranteed determination of effective use of natural and financial resources for the achievement of extensive infrastructure development through urban to rural areas. E. Some case examples of Research Based Infrastructure Development 1. International Japan is usually cited as a typical example of one of the countries that advanced its research based infrastructure development to achieve one of the most rapid post World War II technological and economic growths. Some of the milestone structures in which the Proponent Researcher was part of the Research Team include: a) The 4km long (the Worlds largest 2km centre to centre span) Akashi Kaikyo Suspension Bridge. b) The 15.1km Tokyo Bay Highway consisting of bridges and undersea tunnels connecting Kawasaki and Kisarazu man-made islands. c) The Kansai International Airport constructed on a man-made island. d) The futuristic city of Minato Mirai 21 (MM21) in Yokohama. 2. Regional Research based designs and methods of construction have been developed and applied for infrastructure development in our East and Central Africa Region realizing cost savings of between 30~50%, whilst ensuring enhanced structural performance. Some of the projects include:a) The approximately 240km Addis Ababa ~ Debre markos International Trunk Road in Ethiopia traversing to Sudan and branching towards Eriteria. b) The Songwe International Airport in Tanzania. c) The Isiolo Airport in Eastern Kenya. d) Access roads, pad foundations for oil drilling rigs and airstrips for oil exploration in Jonglei State, Southern Sudan. F. Proposed vital policy for advancing Research Based Infrastructure Development In order to foster advances in research that would contribute immensely to the enhanced development of infrastructure, it is imperative to develop policies for Value Engineering whereby the accruing benefits or acquisition savings can be shared by practically all stake holders.
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The successful application of the VE process can contribute measurable benefits to the quality of the surface transportation improvement projects and to the effective delivery of the overall infrastructure development programs. The Federal Highway Administration of the United States for example, has VE programs designed to: encourage the pragmatic, enhanced and consistent application of VE approach assure the projects required by law and regulation receive VE analysis encompass a variety of VE activities focused on technical assistance, liaison with industry, promotional activities, and active participation in studies, and focus on education and training of public institution employees and Stakeholders through the presentation of VE workshops.
In the United States, VE is incorporated as a matter of policy in the Federal Aid Program where it has been applied both within the Federal Government and the transportation industry. The Federal-aid Act of the 1970 required VE and cost reduction analyses on Federal-aid projects. 1.5 Mode of Pragmatic Achievement of Goals and Objectives As a fundamental research definitive approach and orientation, the research in infrastructure should basically constitute of the following.
1. Constituting competent and reliable Professional Research Committees that can effectively and efficiently realize the National Infrastructure Development Vision and Mission in line with the Vision 2030. 2. Fostering Qualitative Research as outlined in this Proposal. 3. Undertaking comprehensive review of existing literature, State of the Art research and technologies. 4. Determining research findings and technologies that can be adopted immediately and/or modified to provide appropriate cost and time-effective solutions to National development needs. 5. Undertaking basic research that can provide general technical guidelines for such vital data and information as introduced in this Proposal regarding soils mapping, environment factors, development activities and basic study components. 6. Adopting, incoporating and/or developing unique R&D Models that are tailored to our local needs, environment, technical problems, available resources and engineering capacity. 7. Emphasizing the recognition the importance of research at all main stages of Project implementation including formulation, study, design, construction and maintenance. 8. Enhancing Project Based Research for all major Projects. 9. Developing research oriented diverse mitigation measures that can promptly respond to the prevalent disasters and emergency situations. 9 Chapter 1 Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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10. Soliciting National, Regional Continental and International Research Partners for undertaking collaborative, joint and coordinated research with Professional Societies, Public, Academic and Private Institutions, Design Agencies, Implementing Agencies, and Maintenance Agencies. 11. Explicitly defining priority research topics based on comprehensive reviews and preliminary studies. 12. Encouraging Capacity Building and Training Forums for sustainable technological advancement. 1.5.1 Identification of Actual Needs It will be imperative to develop an effective programme that would identify the immediate term, short-term, medium term and long term needs of the appropriate, suitable and sustainable infrastructure development as presented in the Keynote Lecture and publication by Mukabi et al. on The Role of Enhanced Research Oriented Highway and Foundation Design for Sustainable Development; Published in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Recent Trends in Civil Engineering, Kyoto, Japan. 1.5.2 Identification of Available Natural Resources Mapping out the available natural resources in order to develop the appropriate and viable research based technologies for optimum benefits is certainly essential. 1.5.3 Identification of Available Human Resources Identification of the available Human resources is necessary for developing appropriate capacity building and enhancement programmes. 1.5.4 Cost-effective and Economic Utilization of Available Resources Research based technologies that would realize cost-effective and economic utilization of the available resources are certainly a priority.
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Chapter 2 Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements

2.1 Main Solicitation Requirements The Proponent Researcher appreciates the fact that the NCST is soliciting for ideas and priority areas of research which would contribute to the acceleration of national development particularly in line with the Kenya Vision 2030 upon which the foundation is Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I). In response, the Proponent Researcher wishes to refer to Chapter 3 in particular and this Proposal in general. 2.2 Fundamental Recognition It is hereby interpreted that Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) as the key foundation whose integration could raise productivity and efficiency across all sectors of the economy. The importance of enhanced physical infrastructure in this regard is certainly a fact that is well appreciated in any part of the world that appreciates a knowledge-based economy and has been practically demonstrated in countries such as Japan, which is usually cited as a typical
example of one of the countries that has made the most rapid technological and economic growth and development in the post World War II era. Their research oriented approach in the development of infrastructure has made Japanese technology become the focus and model for not only the Asian Tigers and developing countries but also of the first world.
2.3 Statement of Invitation and Overall Objective 2.3.1 Invited Stakeholders It is interpreted that the Stakeholders invited to submit research priority areas are policy makers, scientists, researchers and civil society. The Proponent is a researcher/scientist who specializes mainly in the fields of civil & geotechnical engineering, soil mechanics, materials science, geosciences, geomathematics, and applied geophysics (Refer to the publications listed in the curriculum vitae). 2.3.2 Overall objective It is inferred that the overall objective is to solicit for ideas and research priority areas for funding.
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The Proponent Researcher proposes the enhancement of research for effective achievement of rapid infrastructure development as a means of ensuring an integral part of the Vision 2030. 2.4 Interpretation of NCSTs Mandate NCSTs mandate is derivatively interpreted as follows. 1. Advice the government of Kenya on policies and matters relating to scientific and technological activities and research required for socio-economic development. 2. Promote and coordinate scientific and technological research needed to accelerate national development in line with Vision 2030. In this regard, Eng. Stephen Kogi, Chief Engineer, Materials Testing & Research Department of the Ministry of Roads and the Proponent Researcher proposed, at the 15 th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (15th ARC SMGE) held in July 2011 in Maputo, Mozambique, the establishment of a Three-Tier System Model involving the Public Sector, Academic Sector and the Private Sector for the purposes of achieving an effective coordination programme for research and development activities. 2.5 Main Target of National Research and Development Agenda (NRDA) It is considered that the main target of the NRDA is to prioritize, promote and harness research and innovation so as to provide research based solutions in support of the knowledge-based economy. In this regard, reference can be made to Chapter 3 in particular and this Proposal in general whereby it can be clearly noted that significant advances have been made in developing appropriate, suitable and economically viable research based solutions. However, these technologies and research findings are yet to be harnessed and promoted accordingly. 2.6 Interpretation of NCSTs Main Obligation in Response to the NRDAs Requirements It is interpreted that NCSTs main obligation in response to the NRDA requirements is to ensure that the NRDA is in line with the flagship projects identified in the Kenya Vision 2030, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and in conformity with the constitution of Kenya. Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, with the Proponent Researcher as the Team Leader and Lead Research Consultant, undertook comprehensive Research as well as Basic and Detailed Design Studies subsequent to which they developed a unique research based design for the Isiolo Airport (one of the flagship projects identified in the Kenya Vision 2030), incorporating some of their Value Engineering technologies (Ref. to Section 3.6 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal). The developed unique designs, methods of construction and quality control techniques, which were implemented by the Kenya Airports Authority, realized a total cost savings of 62% and a structural enhancement of 1.8 times in comparison to the conventional designs. The construction was initiated in March 2011 and is due for completion in May 2012 (this year). This is one of the major examples of the benefits of prioritizing and enhancing research in physical infrastructure. 12 Chapter 2Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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2.7 Main Objectives of the NRDA 2.7.1 Advisory Services To advice the Government, policy/decision makers, researchers, and other financial collaborators on research priority areas in Kenya. Infrastructure is proposed as a major research priority area. 2.7.2 Promotion of scientifically based collaborative solution To promote collaborative solution based scientific research. Reference is made to Chapter 3 of this Proposal. 2.7.3 Identification and funding of relevant and viable research To identify and fund research that generates tangible products and services to increase the countrys competitiveness. Reference is made to Sections 3.4 ~ 3.7 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal. 2.7.4 Creation of opportunities of new technologies, transfer and adoption To create opportunities for generation of new technologies, transfer and adoption. Reference is made to Section 3.7 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal. 2.7.5 Enhancement of application of research findings and innovations To increase applications of research findings and innovations for employment creation. Reference is made to Sections 3.4 ~ 3.7 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal. 2.7.6 Improvement of quality of life and poverty reduction To improve the quality of life and poverty eradication by utilization of local resources, value addition and innovation. Reference is made to Sections 3.4 ~ 3.7 of Chapter 3 of this Proposal.
2.8 NCST Commitment and relevance thereof It is noted that NCST is fully committed to the promotion of science, technology and innovation policies and programmes in Kenya. Reference is made to sub-sections 3.3.4 in particular and Section 3.3 in general discussed under Chapter 3 of this Proposal. 13 Chapter 2Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Chapter 3 Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development
3.1 Preamble on Fundamental Importance The preamble on the fundamental importance of enhancing research in physical infrastructure as a priority area is introduced in Chapter 1. 3.2 Employment of the SAC in Establishing a Viable and Efficient ST&I Matrix for Sustainable National Infrastructure Development Plan It is important to establish a viable and efficient science, technology and innovation matrix for purposes of developing a most optimum and appropriate research regimme for an advanced national infrastructure development plan. In so doing, the Systematic Approach Concept, which was first proposed by the Proponent Researcher, is considered necessary. 3.3 Necessity for the Enhancement of Research in Value Engineering (VE) Technologies 3.3.1 Fundamental definition of VE Basically, Value Engineering (VE) is defined as a systematic process of review and analysis of a project, during the concept and design phases, by a multidiscipline team of persons not involved in the project that is conducted to provide recommendations for: (a) Providing the needed functions safely, reliably, efficiently, and at the lowest overall cost, (b) Improving the value and quality of the project, and (c) Reducing the time to complete the project. 3.3.2 Contribution (Role) of VE technologies in the achievement of Integrated Development (ID) The concept of Integrated Development was first introduced by Mukabi in 1998. It fundamentally entails that: 1. Every infrastructure project should be required to undertake research during the design and/or construction stages in order to develop VE technologies that will ensure cost and time savings. 2. That part of the acquisition cost savings (refer to sub-section 3.3.4) that accrue from the effective development and employment of the VE technologies be utilized for social welfare and economic empowerment of the local population through which, for example, the road traverses. 3. This should specifically aim at increasing employment, reducing poverty and enhancing education and healthcare through the provision of the necessary and sustainable physical 14 Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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facilities such as schools, health centres, cottage industries, small enterprise agro-factories, leather tanning center as well as human and other resources. 3.3.3 Role of VE Technologies in socio-economic development If well developed and administered, VE technologies can realize enormous cost savings whilst enhancing the structural performance of the civil, geotechnical or building structures. Under normal circumstances, and as explained in the foregoing sub-section 3.3.2 and demonstrated in the subsequent sub-section 3.3.4, these savings can be effectively utilized to realize enhanced socio-economic development. 3.3.4 Some Policy and Contractual Aspects of VE 1. Some Relevant Policies on Value Engineering Based on International Practice (a) As required by Section 36 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 401), agencies shall establish and maintain cost-effective value engineering procedures and processes. Agencies shall provide contractors a substantial financial incentive to develop and submit Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECP). Contracting activities will include value engineering provisions in appropriate supply, service, architect-engineer and construction contracts as prescribed by 48.201 and 48.202 except where exemptions are granted on a case-by-case basis, or for specific contracts, by the agency head. (b) Agencies shall:(1) Establish guidelines for processing VECPs, (2) Process VECPs objectively and expeditiously, and (3) Provide contractors a fair share of the savings on accepted VECPs. (c) Agencies shall consider requiring incorporation of value engineering clauses in appropriate subcontracts (d) (1) Agencies other than the Department of Defense shall use value engineering program requirement clause (52.248-1) in initial production contracts for major system programs (see definition of major system in 34.001) and for contracts for major systems research and development except where the contracting officer determines and documents the file to reflect that such use is not appropriate. (2) In Department of Defense contracts, the VE program requirement clause (52.246-1, Alternatives I or II) in initial solicitations and contracts for major system acquisition programs shall apply. (e) Value engineering incentive payments do not constitute profit or fee within limitations imposed by 10 U.S.C. 2306(d) and 41 U.S.C. 254(b) {see 15.404-4(c)(4)(i)} (f) Generally, profit or fee on the instant contact should not be adjusted downward as a result of acceptance of a VECP. Profit or fee shall be excluded when calculating instant or future contract savings. (g) The contracting officer determines the sharing periods and sharing rates on a case-by-case basis using the guidelines in 48.104-1 and 48.104-2, respectively. In establishing a sharing period and sharing rate, the contracting officer must consider the following, as appropriate, and must insert supporting rationale in the contract file: (1) Extent of the change. (2) Complexity of the change 15 Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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(3) Development risk (e.g., contractors financial risk). (4) Development cost. (5) Performance and/or reliability impact. (6) Production period remaining at the time of VECP acceptance. (7) Number of units affected. (h) Contracts for architect-engineer services must require a mandatory value engineering program to reduce total ownership cost in accordance with 48.101(b)(2). (i) Agencies shall establish procedures for funding and payment of the contractors share of collateral savings and future contract savings. (j) 2. Contractual Aspects of value Engineering Based on International Practice a) Contractual Definition In accordance with subpart 48.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Value Engineering is the formal technique by which consultants/contractors may (1) voluntarily suggest methods for performing more economically and share in any resulting savings or (2) be required to establish a program to identify and submit to the Government methods for performing more economically. Value engineering attempts to eliminate, without impairing essential functions or characteristics, anything that increases acquisition, operation, or support costs. b) Conceptual Proposal Under normal procedural circumstances of submitting a Value Engineering Change Proposal (VECP), the Conceptual Proposal (CP) is intended to expedite the initial review of a VECP idea, as well as minimize the Contractors initial capital investment and risk in developing the VECP. This procedure allows the Contractor to submit a conceptual plan, and only requires the Department (Agency) to assess the general merits and technical feasibility of the CP. The contractual requirements, detailed reviews, and cost analysis at this juncture should receive a lower level of scrutiny, compared to the level of review if the conceptual VECP is approved and a formal proposal is necessary. c) Value Engineering During Design In his MSc. Thesis on Value Engineering An Opportunity for Consulting Engineers to Redefine Their Role, Peter OFarrell emphasizes the need for Consultants to incorporate Value Engineering (VE) principles, concepts and ideologies during the design stage. He demonstrates the fact that poor designs and documentation can be responsible for substantial increase in project costs and poor performance of the structures culminating in high maintenance costs. On the other hand, in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Circular of November 2005 on Value Engineering (VE), it is stated that the VE study is different from routine design studies or reviews. The design reviews, for example, concentrate on functional aspects, such as whether the design works, is sufficiently reliable, and meets the designers contractual obligations. VE, on the other hand, is focused on reducing investment necessary to achieve those functions. It should be noted that the focus of VE does not preclude the VE team from identifying technical errors or omissions and alerting the designer so that these problems can be taken into consideration during the design reviews. 16 Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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The VE study should be scheduled so as to minimize the impact on the design schedule. d) VECP Submittal and Review Procedures
The VECP submittal and review procedures are discussed under subpart 104-10 VALUE ENGINEERING CHANGE PROPOSAL of the Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects. e) Processing VECPs
Processing of the VECPs is outlined under subpart 48.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). f) Construction Inspection Guidance for VE Projects
The Construction Inspection Guidance for VE Projects subpart 104.13 of the Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects. g) Mode of Sharing Net Acquisition Savings
Subpart 48.101 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) provides the details on sharing arrangements including:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Under
48.104-1 Determining sharing period 48.104-2 Sharing acquisition savings 48.104-3 Sharing collateral savings 48.104-4 Sharing alternative-no-cost settlement method 48.104-5 relationship to other incentives subpart 48.104-2 (a) on supply and service contracts, the following stipulations are made.
(1) The sharing base acquisition is the number of affected end items on contracts of the contracting office accepting the VECP. The sharing rates {Government/Consultant(Contractor)} for net acquisition savings for supplies and services are based on the type of contract, the value engineering clause or alternate used, and the type of savings, as tabulated in Table 3.1 below. (2) Acquisition savings may be realized on the instant, concurrent contracts, and future contracts. The Consultant/Contractor is entitled to a percentage share {see paragraph (a)(1)} of any net acquisition savings. This may occur on the instant contract or it may not occur until reductions have negotiated on concurrent contracts or until future contract savings are calculated, either through lump-sum payment or as each future contract is awarded.
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Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Table 3.1 Sharing of Acquisition Savings Between Employer and Consultant/Contractor
GOVERNMENT/CONSULTANT(CONTRACTOR) SHARES OF NET ACQUISITION SAVINGS (Figures in Percent)
SHARING AGREEMENT INCENTIVE (VOLUNTARY) PROGRAM REQUIREMENT (MANDATORY) Instant Contract Rate Concurrent and Future Contract Rate Instant Contract Rate Concurrent and Future Contract Rate
CONTRACT TYPE
Fixed Price (includes fixed-priceaward-fee; excludes fixed-price incentive contracts)
*50/50
*50/50
75/25
75/25
Incentive (fixed-price or cost) (other than award fee) Cost-reimbursement cost-plus-award-fee; other cost-type contracts) (includes excludes incentive
(**)
*50/50
(**)
75/25
***75/25
***75/25
85/15
85/15
NOTES ON TABLE 4.1 - SHARING EMPLOYER/CONSULTANT/CONTRACTOR
OF
ACQUISITION
SAVINGS
BY
*The Contracting Officer may increase the Consultants/Contractors sharing rate to as
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high as 75 percent for each VECP {See 48.102(g)(1) through (7)}.
**Same sharing arrangement as the Consultants/Contractors profit or fee adjustment formula.
***The Contracting Officer may increase the Consultants/Contractors sharing rate to as high as 50 percent for each VECP {See 48.102(g)(1) through (7)}.
3. Some Examples of Value Engineering Applications in East and Central Africa The concepts of Value Engineering have been adopted in developing Value Engineering Designs and Technologies that have been successfully applied in some countries in this Region, and culminated in the realization of Acquisition Savings of between 30 and 60% depending on the nature, level, complexity, environmental and resource factors, among others. This has been realized in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Burundi through the following modes of approach.
1. The Project Consultant recommends and submits to the Financier/Employer (Client), a Value Engineering Change Proposal (VECP). 2. The Financier/Employer (Client) engages an independent in-house Consultant to evaluate and review the original design with the objective of adopting the VECP. 3. The Project Contractor engages the services of an independent in-house Consultant to evaluate and review the original design with the objective of developing a VECP and submitting it to the Employer (Client) for approval. 4. The Employer (Client)/ Project Contractor mutually agree to engage the services of an independent Consultant to evaluate and review the original design with the objective of adopting the VECP. It is important to note that in most cases, the acquisition savings would not only be realized on the instant contract but also substantially on the maintenance cost savings. However, in such cases, the initial sharing should only consider the acquisition savings of the instant contract and an arrangement agreed upon regarding future savings resulting from low maintenance requirement ratios. Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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4. Some Recommendations The following basic recommendations are considered vital.
(1) Agencies be encouraged to adopt Value Engineering (VE) concepts, principles and approach. (2) Value Engineering Policies be adopted and promoted accordingly. (3) Agencies make it a prerequisite that Design Reviews be based on a Value Engineering approach which introduces VE technologies, methods of design and construction. (4) It would be a major incentive for Consultants and Contractors if the employing Agencies would consider the maintenance cost savings as future acquisition savings computed on real time basis and paid in mutually agreed percentages in the future after practically realizing such savings. 3.4 Examples of VE Technologies Developed and Applied in East Central Africa Region 3.4.1 Brief conceptual background
In their natural state, most geomaterials are usually deficient in one or more of the particle fractions required. Consequently, mechanical stabilization plays an important role in achieving a pavement structure which, under loading conditions, is appreciably resistant to shear and deformation. In developing the Optimum Batching Ratio Method (OBRM), Mukabi (2001) considered that; such geomaterials would have a particle size distribution that tends towards a correctly proportioned ratio that would yield optimum density and adequate strength to resist stress-induced deformation. (1) Optimum Batching Ratio Method (OBRM) The OBRM is a mechanical stabilization method that was odeveloped on geo-scientific basis. Based on this method, the blending of two otherwise structurally inferior geomaterials with different characteristics can be achieved at optimum proportionate levels thereby enhancing the vital geotechnical engineering properties such as mechanical stability, bearing capacity, strength and deformation resistance. (2) Optimum Mechanical and Chemical Stabilization (OPMCS) OPMC is the combination of optimum mechanical batching (OBRM) and optimum chemical mixing of, and into geomaterials with varying properties. These methods have been practically applied for the design and construction of various civil engineering projects in East and Central Africa and have been proven to: 1) promote costeffective use of otherwise relatively inferior geomaterials, whilst ensuring the achievement of sound geotechnical engineering structures; 2) contribute immensely to environmental
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conservation through the reduction in use of borrow and/or extruded geomaterials; 3) provide partial solutions to problematic soils, and; 4) realize significant reduction in the requirements of chemical stabilizers.
3.4.2 Technologies, scientific analytical techniques and models developed 1. Technologies
a) b) c) d)
Optimum Batching Ratio Method (OBRM). Optimum Mechanical and Chemical Stabilization (OPMCS) Geo-particle Coating Technique (GPT) Ground Improvement (GI), i.e. ReCap, Moisture Control Sand Column (MCSC), Suction-Stress (SS), Long Term Consolidation Strain Controlled (LTC-SC), Coupling Technique (CT), Moisture Control Influx (MCI), OPMC Strut Embedment (OPMC-SE), Optimal Batched Aggregate Mat (OBAM), Stress Mobilization (SM), Moisture Suction Interface Layer (MSIL), Optimal Batched Moisture Control Mat (OBMCM), Consolidated Stabilization and Reinforcement Technique (CSRT) Moisture Content Control for Reinforced Geostructures MCC-RGS) . Consolidation and Shear Stress (CSSR)Functions Modified Critical State Theory (MCST) Impact of Environmental Factors Quantitative Modules Structural Capacity Computation Module OBRM Analysis Functions OPMC Analysis Functions Ground Improvement Analyses Functions Slope Stability Analysis Functions
2. Scientific analytical techniques
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)
3. Scientific and mathematical models
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a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
Structural capacity and Deformation Resistance Model (SCDRM) Environmental, Strength and deformation Model (ESDAM) Consolidation and Shear Stress Model (CSSRM) Geochanges Probing Model (GECPROM) Modified Critical State Theory Model (MCSTM) OPMC Model OBRM Model
3.5 Outline of Applications 3.5.1 Optimum Batching Ratio Method (OBRM) The following is a list of some of the application areas of the OBRM technology. 1. Geomaterial stabilization to enhance bearing capacity, strength and deformation resistance 2. Environmental mitigation 3. Foundation and ground stabilization 4. Ground improvent by strutting 5. Micropiling for foundations 6. Flood control shafts for both encased and non-encased 7. Man-made islands 8. Offshore reclamation and related structures 3.5.2 Optimum Mechanical and Chemical Stabilization (OPMCS) The following is a list of some of the application areas of the OPMC technology. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 22 Ditto as for OBRM Paving blocks for parking bays, airport aprons, taxiways etc. Building construction blocks Piling for deep foundations Dam construction Lining for underground geostructures Lining for tunnels Case foundations for bridges Housing foundations and embankments Concrete foundations for skyscraper buildings Pad foundations for oil drilling rigs and related equipment Structural foundations for piling rigs Foundations for temporary/false works Facing-work for civil engineering structures Concrete structural elements such as beams, columns etc Water storage facilities Concrete irrigation structures Ports and Harbours concrete structures
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Anchoring elements and structures Underpinning elements and structures Docks Dykes Offshore mooring Waste disposal facilities Subsurface structures
3.5.3 Ground Improvement Methods (GIM) The following is a list of some of the application areas of the Ground Improvement (GI) technologies. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Enhancement of vital geotechnical engineering properties in general Road pavement subgrade Runway pavement subgrade Bridge foundations Light foundations for building structures Foundation ground for bridge abutments Foundation ground for flyover highways Foundation ground for multi-storey buildings Foundation ground for civil engineering and geotechnical structures Land reclamation Man-made islands Decomposed waste reclamation
3.6 Case Examples of Application of VE Technologies Some of the recent case examples where the technologies introduced in the foregoing section have been successfully applied realizing cost savings of between 30 and 60% within the region of East and Central Africa include; but are not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The Isiolo Airport in the Isiolo County of the North Eastern State of Kenya The Juba River Port Access Road in Juba, Southern Sudan Oil drilling rig foundations in the Jonglei Flood Plains of Southern Sudan The pavement structures for the 182 km Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion International Trunk Road Slope stabilization for slopes within the Addis Ababa area in Ethiopia The Songwe International Airport in Mbeya, Tanzania The Mbeya ~ Lwanjilo Trunk Road Project in the Southern Region of Tanzania The Ntare ~ Ruhatsi Boulevard Highway in Bunjumbura, Burundi
The following is one of the most recent publications which presents some case study analysis regarding the application of some of the technologies on some of the projects introduced herein. 23 Chapter 3Brief Introduction and Discussions of Proposed Research Priority Areas in Relation to Physical Infrastructure Development within the Kenya Vision 2030 Development | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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SCIENTIFIC/ENGINEERING PAPER SUBMITTED, PEER REVIEWED AND ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GROUND IMPROVEMENT IS-GI BRUSSELS, BELGIUM-31ST MAY AND 1ST JUNE 2012
Case Study Analysis of OPMC Improved Foundation Ground, Pavement and Other Geo-structures Employing the GECPRO Model
J.N. Mukabi, Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, Kenya, mukabinj@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The degree of effective improvement of the OPMCS (Optimum Mechanical and Chemical Stabilization) technique in enhancing the vital geotechnical engineering properties of ground and geomaterials is illustrated through some typical results based on laboratory and in-situ experimental testing performed on various geomaterials within the East and Central African region. A case example of the most recent application of the OPMC technology in realizing Value Engineering (VE) design and construction of a runway pavement for the Isiolo International Airport in the Eastern State of Kenya is also provided, whilst case study analyses are carried out for a road pavement structure in Juba, a pad foundation in the Jonglei Flood Plains of Southern Sudan and a retaining wall along a steep slope in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results from this Study demonstrate that the degree of improvement of the consolidation properties, bearing capacity, shear strength and Youngs modulus (elastic stiffness) are mainly a function of the quantitative and qualitative level of OPMCS. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Brief Background of OPMCS R&D Fulfillment of specifications within acceptable construction practices requires high-quality geomaterials which are usually expensive and mostly involve long haulage distances of such materials thereby increasing the period of construction and, most of all, the project cost. On the other hand, the use of substandard geomaterials, which, in singularity, are mostly deficient in mechanical stability and other geo-properties, certainly requires the application of innovatively researched ground and material improvement techniques.
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The OPMCS is an extrapolation of the OBRM (Optimum Batching Ratio Method), which was developed during the prevalence of the late 1997 to early 1998 El-Nino floods causing detrimental damage to pavement structures and bridge foundations along the 330km Tana Basin Project Road that was under construction in the Coast/North-Eastern States of Kenya during this occurence . OBRM is fundamentally based on the theory that regards soil as an assembly of particles whose integrated motion can be characterized theoretically by basic concepts and fundamental principles of continuum mechanics and models that consider probabilistic perspectives of microscopic state and multi-dimensional analysis (Mukabi, 2001a [1]). The application of this technology was first reported by Mukabi and Shimizu, 2001b [2] and Mukabi et al (2001c) [3]. OPMCS was later developed during the construction of the 240km Addis Ababa ~ Debre Markos international trunk road connecting Ethiopia to Sudan in the West and Eriteria in the East. 1.2 OPMCS Cost Aspect and Maintenance requirement Ratios Through the application of the OPMCS technology, most road projects have realized cost savings of 30 ~ 40% and reduction of maintenance requirement of up to 60% for pavement layers and composite structures (Kogi et al, 2011 [4]). 1.3 OPMCS as an Environmental Mitigation Measure Mukabi et al, 2007b [5] and Kogi et al, 2011 [4] have reported achievement of the following through the application of the OBRM and OPMCS technologies: 1) reduction of volume of materials used by approximately 40% in most cases; 2) less disturbance of land for borrow pits; 3) reduced amounts of disposable soil during construction; 4) reduced risk of collapse of geo-engineering structures and; 5) environmentally friendly due to; utilization, as much as possible, of locally available material and reduction of dust, distances (lengths of access roads) to borrow pits, geomaterial quantities required and land acquisition, among other factors. Whilst developing these methods, comprehensive appraisals and environmental assessments that would lead to sustainable development with minimal negative environmental impacts, were undertaken [5]. The example depicted in Figure 1 was part of the design for Wau~Abyei Trunk road constructed in the northern oil fields of the Republic of Southern Sudan.
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Figure1 :Contribution of OPMCS to reduction of environmental impacts of road works ([4] & [5]). A summary of the approach, considerations and contribution of OBRM and OPMCS from an environmental and geotechnical engineering perspective are discussed in [5].
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2. RECENT APPLICATION OF OPMCS TECHNOLOGY RUNWAY PAVEMENTS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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2. RECENT APPLICATION OF OPMCS TECHNOLOGY RUNWAY PAVEMENTS The most recent application of the OPMCS is manifested in the design and on-going construction of the runway pavements, taxi way, aprons and parking bays of the Isiolo International Airport located in the Eastern State of Kenya. Figure 2 is a typical depiction of some of the basic results realized from laboratory experimental testing, whilst Figures 3 and 4 show the plan and one of the typical crosssections of the pavement structures.
4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00
Agglomeration UCS (MPa)
7 Days Cure/Soak
3 Days Cure/Soak
28 Days Cure/Soak
Neat
OBRM OPMC OPMC + Geogrid Mode of Stabilization
Figure 2 : Enhanced strength as a result of particle agglomeration for varying modes of stabilization It can be noted from this figure that: a) the UCS is significantly enhanced as the soil particles agglomerate progressively with time particularly for the cemented geomaterial; b) soil particle agglomeration is dependent on the mode of stabilization; c) the effects of geogrid reinforcement are more noticeable with increased agglomeration possibly due to the influence of confinement in increasing the degree of interlocking of particles culminating in reduction of voids ratio, and d) the degree of soil particle agglomeration is higher under OPMC stabilization in comparison to geogrid reinforcement thus confirming the theory that, in comparison to other influencing factors, cementation processes have greater impact on agglomeration mechanisms.
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Figure3 :Plan View and MC Sand Column details for BCS subgrade improvement for Isiolo International Airport
Figure 4 Detail of typical cross-section B and GI detail of Isiolo Airport Pavements

28 2. RECENT APPLICATION OF OPMCS TECHNOLOGY RUNWAY PAVEMENTS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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The site location of this project is predominated by Black Cotton Soils (BCSs), which are highly problematic and expansive in nature. Consequently, as can be observed from Figure 4, Ground Improvement (GI) was undertaken by adopting the Moisture Control Sand Column (MCSC) method proposed by Mukabi et al, 2010b [6]. Both laboratory and field experimental testing results indicate that, on the average, this method typically enhances the bearing capacity, strength and deformation resistance of BCS subgrades by more than five - fold (Kensetsu Kaihatsu, 2011 [7]) . The uniqueness of this design includes the: 1) combination of OPMCS and geosynthetics; 2) use of geotextile as a separation, filtration and stress mobilization interface; 3) use of geogrid as a reinforcement and tensile stress control component, and 4) realization of high composite structural enhancement factor. 3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL 3.1 Preamble An appreciably versatile mechanistic-empirical geo-mathematical model (GECPROM) encompassing most of the concepts developed in this Study as well as other related studies, is proposed. GECPROM is designed to probe and estimate changes in vital seismic geoproperties for clayey geomaterials and ground. The significant advantage of this model is that various geotechnical changes and geostructural behavior can be modeled from a single sophisticated experimental test, whilst simultaneously catering for the effects of drainage conditions, loading rate, and consolidation stress-strain-time history. The complete and perfect model would, categorically, have to be multidimensional with relativistic coaxiality, relations and consequences. The GECPROM is primarily designed to be adopted at the study or investigative stage facilitating basic data and information that can then be applied for design of foundations, pavements and other geostructures and/or comprehensive experimental testing and research regimes, input for global and constitutive models, counter/cross-checking and designating the confidence levels of laboratory and field experimental testing, construction control, risk analysis and technical mitigation measures in seismic zones besides the integral role of prediction of ground response and retrospective behavior. This model is to be further developed to incorporate the Consolidation and Shear Stress Ratio (CSSR) and Modified Critical State Theory (MCST) modules (Mukabi and Hossain, 2011e [8] and Mukabi, 2011d [9]), in order to effectively complement the ESDAM (Environmental, Strength and Deformation Analysis Model), which is under development based on some of the concepts developed in the process defined in the sedimentary model that merges the Simsafadim-Clastic and Discrete Element model.
29 3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
March 2, 2012
3.2 Probing and prediction of shear and elastic moduli The fundamental equation for the shear modulus developed from CSSR model functions is expressed as: (1) where is the initial shear modulus at a variable stress point , = is the arbitrary or designated consolidation stress ratio traced to , is the initial shear modulus determined at in-situ overburden pressure, =0.95 and =0.35 are geomaterial experimental constants, the values of which are applicable for most natural stiff to hard clayey geomaterials, while =1.16 and =0.4 for stress states in the 1st quadrant and =-1 for stress states in the 4th quadrant accordingly [8]. In developing the model functions it is important to consider the relativistic rates of change of at least within the 1st quadrant of the { , q} stress plane for stress ratio and = and = and the total derivative is expressed in a
orientation whereby, generalized form as:
(2)
(3)
3.3 Geo-mathematical determination of Initial Yield Strain (IYS) for varying conditions GECPROM retrospectively reflects and mirrors the conditions applied during the testing at stress point . Unlike the initial shear and elastic moduli which can be ideally considered to , which is dependent on various factors such as be only stress state dependent, the Initial Yield Strain {(a)ELS(YI)} representing the threshold of the initial sub-yield surface, consolidation stress-strain-time history, shear strain rate, drainage conditions and OCR [1], is rather complicated in terms of modeling it in singularity. In the generalized state therefore, the is expressed as a function of multi-variables in the form;
30
3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
March 2, 2012
(4) where, is the current stress state, represents the consolidation stress-strain history, is the secondary consolidation time (ageing), is the overconsolidation ratio factor, defines the drainage conditions and is the strain rate effect. However, corroborative deduction made from [8] and [9] indicates that the variables can essentially be simplified as: The generalized analytical function of the resulting expressed in compound terms is: (5)
3.3.1 Stress States ( ) and Bounding Limits (BL) The basic generalized equation defining the impact of stress states is expressed as:
(6)
where, constants
=0.98,
=0.32, =0.4, for stress states in the 1 st quadrant and, =-1, =1.16 [8]. we obtain, (7)
in the 4th quadrant, while
Carrying out 2nd order partial differentiation w.r.t
Performing the same w.r.t
we obtain, (8)
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3.3.2 Consolidation Stress-strain history (
(9) where =1.910-3 is a constant, is the secondary consolidation factor, is the
overconsolidation factor and
is the initial yield strain determined under normally
consolidated conditions at a standard time period designated after the end of primary consolidation. 3.3.3 Drainage conditions ( )
(10)
where
are the effective axial and radial stresses respectively determined at the , is the stress ratio during consolidation, =-1, =+1
threshold of
( : drained and : undrained) and be determined as;
is the Poissons ratio. For perfectly drained conditions can
0.2 and 0.5 for perfectly undrained state. Under partially undrained conditions
(11)
where
are the initial drained and undrained elastic moduli respectively. )
3.3.4 Cyclic prestraining (
(12)
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3.3.5 Strain rate
(13)
where the subscripts SR denote Strain Rate, ASR: Applied Strain Rate during testing or arbitrarily designated and RSR: Reference Strain Rate. 3.4 Deriving shear strength from elastic stiffness and generation of secant modulus prediction curves Developing an appreciably reliable correlation between shear strength at failure and the elastic (Initial) stiffness is important in determining a more precise parameter (qmax) closely related to a ground property (E0). The GECPROM module for this relation is: (14)
Figures 6 (a) and (b) depict the experimental and modeled characteristic curves for stress ~ strain behavior and the decay of stiffness plotted as a function of strain level for intact and reconstituted specimens sampled and tested in Japan adopting sophisticated Triaxial testing equipment. For generating the prediction curves that characterize the secant and initial moduli, , Eqs. (15) and (16) are applied respectively, in conjunction with other equations proposed by [8]. (15) , and and, (16) where and are determined simultaneously at =0.001% and 0.01%.
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3.5 Application examples in modelling and prediction Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b) compare experimental test results of stiff pleistocene clays sampled and tested in Japan. In these figures all the curves modeled by the GECPROM show a very good agreement in comparison to the experimental trends. It can also be inferred that the curves for the reconstituted specimens deviate significantly from those of the intact ones in all cases.
Figure 5 : (a) Comparison of modeled and measured stress~strain relations for OverConsolidated (OC) OAP clay for intermediate strains {(a)ELS(YI)} ~ {(a)TYS(YT)}, ; (b) Comparison of modeled and experimentally determined strain level dependency of stiffness decay curves including predicted curves {(a)ELS(YI)} ~ {(a)FYS(YF)}, ; for intact and reconstituted specimens [8] 4. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 4.1 Survey, Monitoring and Testing Regimes Details of the survey, monitoring and testing procedure are reported in the Innovative Laboratory and In-situ Methods of Testing in Geotechnical Engineering and the Juba River Port Access Road Engineering Report No. SST1 [10]. A summary of the main tests citing the purpose of the test and the engineering parameters determined in relation to the Case Study Analysis is presented in Table 1.
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| Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Table 1 : Summary of main tests, purpose and engineering parameters determined

Prop. Description of Test Purpose of Test/Engineering Parameters Determined in Reference to this Case Study Analysis Ref. Eq.
1.1 Moisture Content Variation 1.2 Field and Lab. Density (BPP) 2 (MS) Sieve Analysis
Comparative Analysis for mainly quantifying 1,2 Moisture-Suction Variation, Mc, &3 Comparative Analysis to determine state of 4,5,6 Mechanical Stabilization, , , Msf, Bc, fBSR, 7&8 foptRrc
3 (SC)
3.1 Field Deflection Testing 3.2 Innovative Soil Profiling 3.3 ST Geophysical Sounding
1. Determine Existing Structural Capacity, fSCe 2. Predict Structural Capacity Soundness, fSCt 17
3. Compute Maintenance Requirement Ratio, 20 MRR
4 (UCS) (SS) (EM)
4.1 Dynamic Penetration 4.2 Laboratory UCS 4.3 Laboratory CUTC
Cone 1. Determine Consolidation Properties, SC, STC, LTC, Creep ( a ), CAS ( a c), CLS ( r c), CSRF(CSR) 2. CS (qu, Cu), Modulus of Deformation (E50), EEM (EE), 21
4.4 Modified Laboratory VDL
3. Deviator Stress, (q), Axial Stress, ( a ), To Lateral Stress, ( r ), Angle of Shearing Resistance, (), Elastic Modulus, (E), Shear Modulus (G), Modulus of Deformation, (E, G), 36 Secondary Yield Strain, YS, Mean Effective Stress (p) 4.Degree of Particle Interlocking( I ), I
I S
Cu
ratio(
), Shear Strength (
), Dynamic Modulus
(ED), 5 (EM) 6 In-situ Geophysical Testing 1. Initial Elastic Modulus, (E0), Shear Modulus (G0) 2. Geophysical Profile (GP) Innovative Tests Stage Loading Refer to Mukabi et al. (2012a)[1] 21 32
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4. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
March 2, 2012
Notes: Prop Property, BPP - Basic Physical Properties, SC Structural Capacity, ST - Structural Thickness, SSShear Strength, UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength, CUTC Consolidation Undrained Triaxial Compression, VDL Vibrational Dynamic Loading, SC , STC, LTC, Secondary , Short Term and Long Term Consolidation, CAS Consolidation Axial Stress, CLS Consolidation Lateral Stress, CSRF Consolidation Shear Stress Factor, US Compressive Strength, EEM Empirical Elastic Modulus, EM - Elastic Modulus
4.2 Juba River Port Access Road Road Pavement Structure The Juba River Port Access Road traverses areas that are predominantly overlain with high problematic and expansive Black Cotton Soils (BCS) within swampy stretches. During the implementation of an Emergency Project grant aid funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Government of Japan), it was necessary to adopt cost-effective methods of improving the existing ground for purposes of reducing the quantities that would be required for the upper pavement layers (subbase and base courses) mainly due to lack of suitable road construction materials within reasonable haulage distances. Full-fledged field experimental sections with three varying pavement structural configurations were designed, as shown in Figures 6 ~ 8, and implemented under otherwise similar environmental conditions for purposes of determining the most optimum and cost-time-effective VE design, appropriate methods of construction and reduction in the Maintenance Requirement Ratio [4]and [10].
10000 1500
Shoulder
4%
3500
Carriageway
3500
Carriageway
4%
1500
Shoulder
4%
1500
Side Ditch
200
4%
200
500 800
500
Existing Black Cotton Soil Subgrade
Type II - 1
DBST Wearing Course t = 200mm Gravel Base Course t = 250mm Latertic Gravel Subbase
Figure 6 : Typical Cross section of Type II-1 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting the experimental trial section pavement structure without OPMC stabilization and without subgrade improvement, constructed in swampy areas with expansive Black Cotton Soils
10000 1500
Shoulder
4%
3500
Carriageway
3500
Carriageway
4%
1500
Shoulder
4%
1500
Side Ditch
200
4%
200
500 800
500
Type II - 2
DBST Wearing Course t = 200mm Gravel OPMC Level 3 Base Course t = 250mm OBRM Stabilized Latertic Gravel Subbase t = 250mm Natural Gravel Capping Layer
Figure 7 : Typical Cross section of Type II-2 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting the experimental trial section pavement structure with OPMC Level 3 stabilization and OBRM stabilization for Base/Subbase as well as partial Black Cotton Soil subgrade improvement
36 4. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
700
700
March 2, 2012
1500
Shoulder
4%
3500
Carriageway
3500
Carriageway
4%
1500
Shoulder
4%
1500
Side Ditch
200
4%
200
500 800
500
Gravel Wearing Course for Shoulders
Type II - 3
MC sand Columns 50mm MC sand Columns
DBST Wearing Course t = 200mm Gravel OPMC Level 3 Base Course t = 250mm OBRM Stabilized Latertic Gravel Subbase t = 250mm Natural Gravel Capping Layer t = 200mm Natural Sand and/or Gravel Pebbles, Filter Layer
Figure 8 : Typical Cross section of Type II-3 of the Juba River Port Access Road depicting typical pavement structure with OPMC Level 5 and OBRM stabilization for Base/Subbase with well improved Black Cotton Soil subgrade constructed in swampy areas under extreme conditions 4.3 In-situ Modeling of Response of Varying Pavement Structural Configurations Monitoring, laboratory testing of samples hand-curved and/or cored from the experimental trial sections and in-situ measurements were udertaken consistently for a period of 3 years (1092 days) as can be noted from Figure 9 (a), which depicts the effect of particle agglomeration on shear strength development characteristics mainly as a result of cementation and secondary consolidation due to heavy dynamic traffic loading. A high rate of progressive strength development can be observed in the initial phase.
(a) Effect of Agglomeration Period on Strength 25 Development
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
10000
20000
30000
700
40000
50000
UCS (Mpa)
15 10 5
0
Type II-1 Type II-2 Type II-3
Depth (mm)
20
Type II-1: Geophysical Measurements Type II-2: Geophysical Measurements Type II-3: Geophysical Measurements Type II-1: Predicted by GECPROM Type II-2:Predicted by GECPROM Type II-3: Predicted by GECPROM
Agglomeration Period (Days)
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Elastic Stiffness (MPa)

(b) Variation of Elastic Modulus with Layer Quality and Depth
Figure 9 : (a) Influence of agglomeration of strength developement wit time, and (b) Variation of elastic stiffness with pavement layer quality, configuration and depth for measured and predicted results Figure 9 (b) shows the quantitative variation of the elastic stiffness with layer quality, configuration and depth for the three different types of trial sections. The results reported were measured on the 1092nd day, while the behavior of the varying pavement structures was modeled by using the GECPROM [8].
March 2, 2012
4.4 Oil exploration project in Jonglei Flood Plains in Southern Sudan The scope of the project included the design and construction of pad foundations, access roads, airstrips and base camps foundations. The design criteria took into consideration various environmental and load factors; including dead loads, live loads, static and dynamic loading effects during drilling operations and construction equipment. Some representative results from the design studies, which portray dependency of stress-strain characteristics on the mode of stabilization as well as type and location of geosynthetics reinforcement, are depicted in Figure 10, while a typical design cross section is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 10 : OPMC-cl and OPMC-co Stress strain relations for varying curing, soaking and geosynthetics reinforcing conditions for specimens constituent of geomaterials sampled in Jonglei
Figure 11 :Typical Cross-section of the drilling rig pads foundation employing OBRM, OPMC, Ground Improvement (GI) and Geogrid reinforcement Technologies
March 2, 2012
4.5 Addis Ababa ~ Debre Markos International Trunk Road Retaining Wall During a road and bridges rehabilitation programme under Grant Aid funding by the Government of Japan, slope failure occurred at a stretch around Sta. 9+310km from the city centre of Addis Ababa along the Addis Ababa~Goha Tsion~Debre Markos International Trunk road traversing through the Blue Nile, and which forms an integral part of the all-important north-western corridor connecting to the western part of The Sudan, whilst branching off to the east towards Gonder to the Eriterian border. As a result, longitudinal cracks were prevalent within the asphalt concrete and significant shear failure occurred right through the pavement structure and subgrade. Due to environmental and financial constraints, it became imperative that a cost-effective method utilizing locally available material as much as possible, be employed. OPMCS technology was employed in improving the available geomaterials and existing subgrade. Typical experimental test results and design cross section are shown in Figures 12 and 13 respectively. Enhanced performance in terms of deformation resistance can be observed in Figure 12.
Highly Weathered Weak material 6600 6400 6200 6000 1600 Red Ash Crushed Agregate Emax=239.61ln(a w)-5951.4
7days Soak + 7days Cure

Emax= 41.69ln(aw ) + 1307.1
Elastic Modulus, Emax (kgf/cm2)
1400 1200 1000 800

600
0days Soak + 7days Cure
Emax = 840.12ln(a w ) - 532.12
Emax = 236.68a w - 453.45
Highly Weathered Weak material Red Ash Crushed Agregate

Emax = 116.71a w 2 - 376.04a w + 290.33
Emax = 42.576aw2 - 118.78aw + 76.2 4 4 6 6 0 0 2 2 8 8
400 200
0
-200
Cement Content, aw (%)
Figure 12: Effect of cementation and curing time on soil particle agglomeration of varying OPMC stabilized geomaterials with respect to elastic modulus
March 2, 2012
Figure 13 : (a) Cross-section of Slope Depicting Failure Section, Causes and Mechanisms; and (b) Cross-section A-A showing the foundation, stabilized retaining wall, improved layer configuration and geomaterials and ground improvement stabilization zones 5. CONCLUSIONS The Case Study Analysis undertaken in this Study indicates that: 1. OPMCS technology is substantially effective in improving the vital geotechnical engineering parameters, and that the degree of enhancement is mainly a function of its qualitative level.
40 5. CONCLUSIONS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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2. OPMCS can be classified as a Value Engineering technology. This technology has also been proven to be useful as an environmental mitigation tool. 3. The GECPROM can be effective in predicting multi-layered pavement structural behavior. REFERENCES
[1] Mukabi, J.N, 2001a, Theoretical and empirical basis for a method of determining the optimum batching ratio for mechanical stabilization of Geomaterials, Proceedings, 14th International Road Federation, Road World Congress, Paris, CD-ROM. [2] Mukabi, J.N & Shimizu, N, 2001b, Strength and deformation characteristics of mechanically stabilized road construction materials based on a new batching ratio method, Proceedings, 14th International Road Federation, Road World Congress, Paris, CD-ROM. [3] Mukabi J.N, Kimura Y, Shimizu, N, Mwangi SN, Omollo A, Njoroge BN, 2001c, Evaluation of some Kenyan Geomaterial properties for embankment design based on a quasi-empirical approach, Procs. 15th Int. Conf. on SMGE, Istanbul, pp2159-2166. [4] Kogi, S.K, Mukabi, J.N, Ndeda, M, Wekesa, S, 2011, Analysis of Enhanced Strength and Deformation Resistance of Some Tropical Geomaterials through Application of In-situ Based Stabilization Techniques, Proceedings. 1st International Conference. on Geotechnique, Environment & construction Materials, GEOMAT, Mie, Japan. [5] Mukabi J.N., Toda, T. & Shimizu, N, 2007b, Application of a new mechanical stabilization technique in reducing the cost and impact of rural road construction, Proceedings of the 23rd World Road Congress, Paris, France, CD-ROM. [6] Mukabi J.N, Kimura Y, Murunga P.A, Njoroge B.N, Wambugu J, Sidai V, Onacha K., Kotheki S, Ngigi A, 2010c, Case example of design and construction within problematic soils, in Procs. Int. Geotech. Conf. on Geotechnical Challenges in Megacities, Geomos, Moscow, vol. 2, pp 1172-1179. [7] Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, 2011, Isiolo Airport Pavement Design, Engineering Report No. ISAT 0211/O2, submitted to Kenya Airports Authority, Government of Kenya, Nairobi. [8] Mukabi, J.N & Hossain, Z, 2011e Characterization and modeling of various aspects of pre-failure deformation of clayey Geomaterials Applications in modelling, Proceedings. 1st International Conference. on Geotechnique, Environment & construction Materials, GEOMAT, Mie, Japan. [9] Mukabi J.N, 2011d Characterization and modeling of various aspects of pre-failure deformation of clayey Geomaterials Fundamental theories and Analyses, Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on GEOMAT, Mie. [10]Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, 2007, Juba River Port Access Road Pavement Design, Eng. Report No. SST1, submitted to Japan International cooperation Agency, JICA, & Katahira & Eng. Int., Japan. [11]Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited, 2007b A Comprehensive Engineering Report on the Study, Design and Construction of Drilling Pad Foundations in Jale, Jonglei State, Southern Sudan, submitted to White Nile Oil Exploration Company, London, England. [12]Mukabi, J.N, Hatakeyama, R, Tasfaye, A, 2007e, Employing Cost-effective Countermeasures to Slope Failure Based on Newly Developed OPMC Stabilization Concepts, Proceedings of the 14 th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics Geotechnical Engineering, Yaounde, Cameroon.
3.7 Areas of Further and Enhanced Research in VE Technologies Specific priority areas for further and enhanced research would certainly be identified and proposed accordingly. 5. CONCLUSIONS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Chapter 4 Example of Technical Approach and Methodology Designed to Achieve Research Goals and Objectives
4.1 Preamble
The RFP requires that each bidding consultant explains their understanding of the objectives of the assignment, approach to services, methodology for carrying out the activities and obtaining the expected output, and the degree of detail of such output. It further requires the problems being addressed and their importance be distinctly discussed and technical approach to be adopted be explained. In this chapter, the foregoing requirements of the RFP are introduced and discussed in Section 4.4 in general, while the objectives are analyzed in the subsequent Section 4.2. On the other hand, the proposed methodologies are presented in Section 4.5 and the correlation and compatibility with the proposed approach, work plan as well as organization and staffing demonstrated therein. A summary of the RFP requirement for the Technical Approach and Methodology is summarized in the Table below.
RFP Ref. Form T4 Table 4.1 RFP Requirements for Technical Approach and Methodology Break Particulars Ref. in Consultants Response/ down Technical Remarks Proposal Understanding of the objectives 1.2 Carried out comprehensive 1 of the Assignment analysis of RFP objectives Fig.4.1 in Developed Interlinking Matrix Approach to Services Chap 4 4.5 ~ 4.6 & Methodology systematically Methodology for carrying out based on objectives and the activities and obtaining the Fig.4.10 correlating Approach, Work-Plan expected output & Organization Detail culminating in output Degree of detail of such output 4.6 & Fig.4.1 discussed in 4.6 ~ 4.10 Highlight of the problems being Targets highlighted under 2 addressed and their importance Section 4.6 4.4, 4.6 Provided under Section 4.6 & 1st Explanation of the Technical paragraph of Section 4.4 Approach adopted to address problems 4.5 Provided in Section 4.5 & 1st Explanation of the paragraph of Section 4.6 Methodologies proposed for adoption Fig.4.1 Compatibility demonstrated in Highlight of the compatibility Fig. 4.1 & Section 4.6 as a of the methodologies with the whole proposed approach
Form T4
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4.2 Study Objectives and Approach

4.2.1 Basic analysis The objectives of the Study are stipulated under Item 2 of Section 5 of this RFP, which address the Terms of Reference (TOR). The Study objectives are:(iii) Development of design procedures, construction specifications and quality control systems for Geosynthetics reinforced embankments and pavements. (iv) Performance evaluation of RE walls constructed under Nairobi - Thika Project and design of monitoring programmes. Essentially, according to the Consultants interpretation, the RFP requires the design of a research regime that is primarily aimed at developing construction and performance Specifications for Geosynthetics reinforced Geomaterials for road embankments and pavement structures in particular, including design procedures and quality control systems as well as evaluation regimes and procedures for evaluating the performance of existing geo-structures and retaining walls. From a global perspective the methods of design, construction, quality control systems and performance specifications should ensure that the procedures and techniques are pragmatically applicable and; 6. Cost and time effective predominated with a Value Engineering (VE) component. 7. State of the Art so that they are applicable to inclusion in the Road Design Manual (K) and Standard Specifications. 8. Are particularly tailored for tropical environmental conditions within the East and Central Africa Region. 9. Satisfactorily innovative enough to provide a useful basis for developing alternative and more effective stabilization techniques for Geomaterials, new engineering products, more costeffective concepts, methods of design and construction techniques which are also environmentally friendly. 10. Provide engineering indicators for quality control, monitoring and evaluation of performance of Geostructures.
4.2.2 Brief background of Necessity of Consultancy Services

Comprehensive testing to determine the physical and mechanical index properties of Geogrids such as isotropic stiffness ratio, junction efficiency, radial stiffness (secant modulus), response to various chemicals, temperature effects, torsional rigidity, load transfer capability, and aperture stability modulus have been undertaken. Numerous Case Study Analyses have also been carried out yielding impressive results for a few well manufactured reinforcement Geogrids. Nevertheless, experimentally based scientific and engineering theories, concepts and principles that delineate the soil particleGeogrid interaction that would enable the stipulation of a pragmatic Performance Based Specification have yet to be clearly established. As a consequence, it is difficult for the Design Engineer to quantitatively determine the actual contribution and performance of the Geogrid, in terms of initial engineering parameters, within the composite pavement structure. This makes it impossible for the Design Engineer, Employer/Client and 43 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
March 2, 2012
Contractor to compute the actual cost-savings that can be realized as a result of using Geogrids in comparison to other methods of soil improvement/stabilization. Furthermore, hardly any research has been undertaken to establish the progressive interlock mechanism with the increase in degree of compaction/consolidation in relation to the physical nature and configuration of the Geogrid for various Geomaterials. 4.2.3 Consultants Interlinking Matrix of Approach to Services
Consultation with MTRD and Liason with appropriate Stakeholders Start 1.0
1.1 Literature review
Client Archives Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge
Task
Approach
2
Consultant's Archives Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2)
3
Local Archives Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104)
4
Regional Archives Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)
5
International Archives
Reference
RFP/ TOR 3 a) I ~ iv
Studies on Geosynthetically reinforced Materials for road embankments and pavements

Structural Evaluation on Geosynthetics Trial sections
1.2 Condition surveys
RFP/ TOR 3.1 b)
Reconstruction
Quality Control Systems Recommendation on appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthtic reinforcement Further Research & Recommendations on Testing Equipment
Literature review and condition surveys

Findings from 1.1 1.3
Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications Quality Control Systems Develop Design Procedures Construction Specifications
RFP/TOR 3.1 c)
Findings from 1.2 Development of Special Specifications for 1.4 Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments Development of Special Specifications for 1.5 Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC 1.6 1.7 Trial 5 :Findings from 1.4 Trial 6 : Findings from 1.5
Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments

Masalani Bridge Approaches Likoni ~ Shelly Beach 500 metres 1 km Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104) 5km Masalani Bridge Approaches 500 metres Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104) - 5km 5km Inception Report Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104) 5km Likoni ~ Shelly Beach 1 km Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104) - 5km 5km Draft Report Sigalagala ~ Butere Road Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) (D260) 1 km 1km Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104) 5km Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) Sigalagala ~ Butere Road 1 km (D260) 1km Webuye~Malaba Road (A104) Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260) - 1km 1km Draft Final Report RFP/TOR 3.1 d)
Rehabilitation
RFP/ TOR 3.1 e)
RFP /TOR 3.1 f)
1.8
Submission of Reports for 1.0
Proposed Methodologies for Study
Detailed Findings Analysis
Incorporate Comments from the Engineer
Workshop for Stakeholders to Discuss Draft Final Report
Prepare Final Study Report
TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP 3.1g
Detailed Work Programme for the Contract 4 Copies
Results & Recommendations All Supporting Material 4 Copies 4 Copies
2.0
2.1 2.2 Literature review RE Geostructures
Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geo-structures & Retaining Walls along Thika ~ Nairobi Highway (A2)
Client Archives City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] 3 Structures City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] 3 Structures Consultant's Archives Muthaiga Roundabout Kenyatta University [Lot 2] : Two (2) Structures Muthaiga Roundabout Kenyatta University [Lot 2] : Two (2) Structures Local Archives Kenyatta University - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures Kenyatta University - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures Regional Archives International Archives RFP/ TOR 3.2 a) RFP/ TOR 3.2 b)
Examination of Construction Specifications and Records for RE Walls Development of Procedures for Testing & Evaluation of Completed Works, Settlement on Embankment and Stability Application of procedures in 2.3 to Evaluate performance of the RE Geostructures & Retaining Walls in relation to the Design Assumptions Design & Monitoring programme to inform development of Standard Construction Speifications
2.3
RFP/ TOR 3.2 c)
Thika ~ Nairobi Road (A2)

City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] 3 Structures Muthaiga Roundabout Kenyatta University [Lot 2] : Two (2) Structures RFP/ TOR 3.2 d) Kenyatta University - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures RFP/ TOR 3.2 e)
2.4
2.5
City Arterial Connectors [Lot1] Muthaiga Roundabout - Kenyatta University [Lot 2] - Thika [Lot 3]: Two (2) Structures 3 Structures Kenyatta University : Two (2) Structures
Inception Report
Draft Report
Draft Final Report
2.6
Submission of Reports for 2.0
Proposed Methodologies for Study Detailed Work Programme for the Contract 4 Copies
Detailed Findings Analysis
Incorporate Comments from the Engineer
Results & Recommendations All Supporting Material 4 Copies
Workshop for Stakeholders to Discuss Draft Final Report
Prepare Final Study Report
TOR 8 and 9 a ~ d /RFP3.1g
4 Copies
Figure 4.1 Consultants Interlinking Matrix Approach to the Provision of RFP Required Services
44
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4.4
Overall Technical Approach
The overriding principle of the overall technical approach is to initially establish the appropriate, most effective and optimum methodology to achieve the objectives of the Study based on research oriented scientific and engineering perspectives. Subsequently, the established methodologies are to be managed and administered in a cost-time effective manner. The individual tasks that would provide solutions to the problems associated with the assignment are to be comprehensively analyzed within the framework of the scope of the Study stipulated in the TOR and the critical tasks distinctly identified as demonstrated in Section 5.3 of Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal. Once the critical tasks are analyzed, effective measures of implementation are presented within the Work Plan. Consistent and comprehensive monitoring, evaluation, assessment and auditing of the progress, technical, administrative and logistical problems, and bottlenecks that affect efficient and costeffective delivery of the assignment is to be undertaken. The methodologies and work plan take into account the organization structure, proposed staff and their capacity to expedite the assignment as shown in Chapter 6 of this Technical Proposal. The approach and methodology to achieve efficient delivery of services required is discussed extensively under Section 4.6.
4.5
Overall Methodology
Any engineering exercise involving the development of approximately applicable specifications requires that comprehensive research and testing be undertaken. In this case, the RFP is for Consultancy Services for: 1. Studies on Geosynthetically Reinforced materials for Road Embankments and Pavements; and, 2. Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth [Geo-structures and Retaining] Walls (REG-RWs) along Thika Road (A2). The Consultants derivations based on the analysis of the services required as stipulated above indicate that the objectives of the assignment can only be achieved through innovatively designed research and testing regimes. Consequently, identifying the crucial tasks for this assignment based on the Scope of the Study within the TOR, the Consultant concentrated on deriving the aspects that require innovation and retrospectively developed the methodology and work plan on this basis. The proposed methodology takes into account the specialized nature of the assignment in compliance with the TOR of the RFP. The major tasks identified and their reciprocal individual analyses are presented in the subsequent Section 4.6. The tasks analysis is carried out in strict consideration and compliance of the RFP requirement, in general and the TOR stipulations, in particular. In undertaking the tasks analysis, the Consultant has; 1. Definitively clarified the general and particular considerations in the RFP and TOR respectively. 2. Derived a breakdown of the Scope of Study into specific tasks and subtasks which are given in detail in Section 5.2 and 5.3 of the Work Plan presented in Chapter 5 of this Technical Proposal (refer to Tables 5.1 and 5.2). 3. Weighted each task accordingly 45 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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4. Proposed a Task Management System presented in Sub-section 5.3.2 and schematically depicted in Figure 5.1 As an integral part of the methodology to achieve the objectives of the Study, a Consultants Toolbook is proposed and adopted. A summary of this Toolbook is presented in Table 5.4 under Section 5.8 of this Technical Proposal whereas the Tools are included the Appendices contained in Volume II of the Technical Proposal. The Consultant adopts these tools and his experience, which he developed through long-term Research and Development (R&D) activities within the East and Central Africa Region, to undertake the following. 1. Generate the relevant and appropriate technical approach and methodology for achieving the requirements of the Consultancy Services. 2. Establish the integral basis of the Study. 3. Propose the example of vital parameters that are paramount for the development of Performance-based Specifications for Geosynthetics reinforced Geostructures presented in Sub-section 4.6.9. 4. Design the suitable research and testing regimes for the Study (Assignment). In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology that is proposed in this Chapter, the Consultant has given an example of their experience in research, study, design and construction aspects of Geosynthetics reinforced geo-structures through two projects that were undertaken in Southern Sudan and Kenya. This is presented in Section 4.11. On the other hand, the Consultant demonstrates their experience that is relevant to the development of effective performance monitoring and evaluation systems and programmes that can be adopted as a primary basis for the second topic of the RFP. Based on the foregoing and as presented in Sub-section 4.6.3, the Consultants methodology largely concentrates on methods of testing and research approach that can satisfactorily realize the objectives of the Study accordingly.
4.6
Approach and Methodology to delivery of the Services required
The overall approach and methodology for achieving the objectives stipulated in the TOR of the RFP is shown in flowchart format in Figure 4.2.
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Figure 4.2 Overall Approach and Methodology for Achieving Objectives
4.6.2 Development of overall Research Philosophy and Regime Due to the fact that the Consultancy Services required for this assignment are research oriented, the Consultant considers it a matter of extreme importance that a proper, relevant and appropriate research philosophy and regime be establish and designed respectively. The Consultant will rely on their vast experience in Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development (RISD), in undertaking this exercise.
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Chapter 5 Example of Performance Oriented Work Plan to be Adopted

5.1 Basis of Work Plan
Based on the Technical Approach and Methodology presented in Chapter 4 of this Technical Proposal as well as analysis of the Scope of the Study of the RFP presented in Item 3 of the Terms of Reference (Section 5), the proposed Work Plan is developed by the Consultant and discussed in this Chapter. A summary of the RFP requirements for the Work Plan is provided in Table 5.1 below.
RFP Ref. Form T4 Break down 1 Table 5.1 Summary of RFP Requirements for Work Plan Particulars Ref. in Consultants Response/ Remarks Technical Proposal Proposed Main Activities of the 5.2 Activities defined as Tasks in this Assignment Technical Proposal 5.2 & 5.3 Proposed in detail Content Fig. 5.3 Indicated in detail for each Main Duration Task Fig. 5.3 Indicated in detail for each Main Phasing Task 4, 5 & 6 Interrelated through schematics Interrelations and tabulation Fig. 5.3 Indicated in Main Tasks/ Work Milestones including interim Schedule approvals by the Client Fig. 5.3 Indicated in Main Tasks/ Work Delivery dates of the reports Schedule Consistency with the Technical Chap 4 & Consistency demonstrated Approach and Methodology 5 Understanding of the TOR Ability to translate them into a feasible working plan Form T4 3 Table 5.1, 5.2 & Fig. 5.1 Tasks derived from TOR, refined, adopted in Technical Approach & Methodology and translated into pragmatic Work Plan Responsive to the TOR in general and the Scope of the Study (SOS) in particular Documents to be submitted in accordance with indications in the Main Tasks/ Work Schedule presented in Fig. 5.3 Reports to consist of various documents including drawings, tables, flowcharts, etc. Consistency with Work Schedule maintained
Form T4
Form T4
List of the final documents to be delivered as final Output Reports Drawings Tables
Table 5.3
Form T5
Consistency with the Work Schedule of Form T8
Fig. 5.3, Table 5.1 & 5.3
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In response to the RFP, the Consultant proposes the main tasks and activities of the assignment, their content and durations incorporating phasing and interrelations, whilst indicating the milestones. The Work Plan also considers the Clients intermittent intervention and modification of the Scope of the Services as stipulated under Clause 2.4 of the General Conditions of Contract on Page 53 of the RFP. The Work Plan also gives provision for internal technical forums, presentations, site visits and other correspondence between the Client and the Consultant.
5.2 Tasks for required Services of the RFP

The derived tasks for services that are required in accordance with the Consultants interpretation of the RFP are summarized in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Tasks for Services Required as Derived by Consultant from the RFP
S/N A 1 Requirement Derived by Consultant Preliminaries Award of Contract Section Ref. Task for Services
ITC 7
2 3 4 B 1
Technical Negotiations Financial Negotiations Signing of Contract Mobilization Commencement of Consulting Services 14 Days after Order to Commence Orientation of Available Facilities Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant Stakeholders Inception Meeting Literature Review Scientific & Engineering Theories, Concepts & Principles of Geosynthetics Reinforcement Standards & Procedures for Testing Chemical, Physical & Mechanical Characteristics of Geosynthetics Impact of Geometric Design Characteristics of Geosynthetics Impact of Geosynthetics on the Environment
ITC 6.2 ITC 6.3
Submit Letter of Acceptance Prepare Preliminary Documents Prepare for Technical & Financial Negotiations Review all Technical Documents related to Assignment for Consultancy Services Review all Financial Documents related to Assignment for Consultancy Services
Data Sheet 7.2 GC 5.3 Data Sheet 1.4b)
Respond to Commencement Notice
2 3 4 C 1
Make Inventory of Available facilities Prepare Introductory Documents Organize & set Date & Venue in consultation with Client
TOR 3a)
TOR 3a)
3 4 5 D 1 2 3
TOR 3a) TOR 3a)
Identify & Source Relevant Literature Assign Review Teams According to Field of Expertise Formulate Sequence of Review Correlate Review Results to Technical Problems, Scientific & Engineering Complexities that Curtail Research in Geosynthetics Reinforced Geostructures
Other Relevant Literature TOR 3a) Condition Surveys of Previous Trial Sections (1987 ~ 2011) Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2) Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104) TOR 3b) TOR 3b) TOR 3b) Logistics for Mobilization to Site General Assessment of Site Conditions Identification of Study Sections Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions Analysis of Environmental Factors DT/NDT In-situ Testing Pavement Structural Evaluation
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S/N 4 E 1
Requirement Derived by Consultant Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)
Section Ref. TOR 3b)
Task for Services Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance
Development of Appropriate Methods of Testing, Design and Construction Develop Appropriate Methods of 4.6.3 Derive and Analyze Response Factors for Performance Testing Parameters Determine Scale Effect Determine Loading and Deformation Design Modification Factors Develop Tailored and VE Based Design Procedures 4.6.6 Review the CMD Apply Findings from C and D to Develop Design Principles and Philosophy Define and Depict Design Procedure Establish Inventory of Available Construction Equipment Review Design Parameters Determine Construction Factors and Sequence Correlate Test Results, Construction & Design Requirements Develop QC Boundary Limits Based on Material Characterization Develop QC Requirements for Environmental & Construction Review and Correlate Findings from C, D and E1~E4 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific & Engineering Analysis Outline Performance-Based Specifications
Develop Efficient & Appropriate Methods of Construction Develop Quality Control and Assurance Systems
4.6.7
4.6.8
F 1
5 G 1 2 3 4
Derive Preliminarily Applicable 4.6.9 Performance-Based General, Standard & Particular Specifications Procurement, Modification, Fabrication and Calibration of Field & Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instruments Recommend Appropriate Testing TOR 3c) Identify State of the Art Testing Equipment and Instrument Equipment for Geosynthetics Manufacturers Worldwide Reinforcement Review Literature on Equipment Manufacturing and Instrumentation Procure Appropriate Testing 4.6.4 Determine Limitations of Available Equipment/ Instruments Equipment for Geosynthetics Determine factors & Components that Require Modifications Reinforcement Assess & Evaluate Equipment Fabrication Capacity of Local Markets Modify Innovatively Testing 4.6.4.4(1) Assess & Evaluate Equipment Calibration Capacity of Local Equipment as per Conditions & Markets Necessity Establish & Follow Procurement Procedures Develop and Adopt Modification Techniques & Technologies Fabricate Innovatively Testing 4.6.4.4(2) Develop and Adopt Fabrication Processes, Techniques & Equipment as per Conditions & Technologies Necessity Confirm & Adopt Standard Methods & Procedures of Calibration & Unification of 4.6.4.3 Calibration Equipment & Instruments Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments Review and Correlate Findings TOR 3e) Carry out Comprehensive Analysis of Test Results from C and D Evaluate Environmental Conditions and Factors Apply Principles & Research Findings from Analytical results of C&D Modify Specifications Developed from E. Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate Specialized Equipment Based on Results from F. Undertake Modified and Specialized Lab and Scale Model Testing Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis 4.6.6 4.6.9 4.6.4.4 Review and Apply Findings from C and D. Review and Apply Findings from E. Review and Apply Findings from F.
5 6
4.6 4.6.5
Design Modified and Specialized Testing Regime with Reference to E1. Review and Apply Test results from E and F.
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S/N 7
Requirement Derived by Consultant Derive Vital Geo-Engineering Parameters for Design of Testing Regime for Geosynthetically reinforced Embankments
Section Ref. 4.6 ~ 4.8
Task for Services Review and Apply Scientific and Engineering Findings from E and F.
H 1 2 3 4 I 1 2 3 4 J 1 2
Design of Trial Sections for Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments Masalani Bridge Approaches TOR 3e) Logistics for Mobilization to Site General Assessment of Site Conditions Likoni ~ Shelly Beach TOR 3e) Identification of Study Sections Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions Analysis of Environmental Factors Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) TOR 3e) DT/NDT In-situ Testing Pavement Structural Evaluation Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260) TOR 3e) Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance Development of Special Specifications for Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ TOR 3f) Logistics for Mobilization to Site Timboroa Road (A104) General Assessment of Site Conditions Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye TOR 3f) Identification of Study Sections Road (A104) Engineering & Structural Evaluation of Distress Conditions Analysis of Environmental Factors Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba TOR 3f) DT/NDT In-situ Testing Road (A104) Pavement Structural Evaluation Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ TOR 3f) Comprehensive Analysis of Geosynthetics Performance Kimende Road (A104) Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes for Trials under H and I Review Analytical Results from C 4.6 ~ 4.8 Modify and Apply Findings from C to I. to I. Apply Findings of C to I for Design 4.6 ~ 4.8 Modify Findings and establish Monitoring and Evaluation of Monitoring & Evaluation Procedures Programmes Apply Findings from F to Develop Suitable Instrumentation Design & Implement Immediate, Short-Term, Medium-Term & LongTerm Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes 4.6.4 TOR 3g) Determine Suitable Instrumentation Design and Implement Appropriate Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and Programmes
3 4
K 1
Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced Earth Geostructures and Retaining Walls Mobilization to Respective Sites TOR 3d) Prepare Logistics and Plan for Mobilization Coordinate Site Arrangements and Construction Programme with Mobilization Plan Assessment of General Site Conditions Evaluation of Environmental Conditions 4.6.1 Assess Geostructures Measure Geostructural Sizes Assess Access Conditions and Geometrical Characteristics Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Evaluate Topography Hydraulic Conditions Soil Conditions Subsurface Drainage
4.6.1
Determination of Environmental Factors Analysis of Loading Factors
4.6.5
Determine Hydrogeological Parameters Determine Rainfall/ Precipitation Intensity Analyze Impact of Environmental Factors Analyze Traffic Volume and Characteristics Derive Loading Intensity
4.6.5
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S/N 6
Requirement Derived by Consultant Analysis of Displacement and Deformation Factors Determine Appropriate Testing Equipment & Instrumentation Determine Appropriate Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes & systems Based on Model from J. Implement Monitoring & evaluation Programmes Comprehensive Scientific & Geotechnical engineering Analysis
Section Ref. 4.6.5
Task for Services Analyze Dynamic Loading Effect Correlate Dynamic Loading and Environmental Factors and Determine Effect Carry out Comparative Model Testing Adopting In-situ Materials, Geo-structural Layer Configuration, Mode of Reinforcement and Loading Conditions to Simulate Existing Current Review and Modify Monitoring and Evaluation Methods Developed in J. Apply Modified Methods and Implement Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes
4.6.4
4.6.1, 4.6.5~4.6.9
9 10
4.6.5
Collect Data Intensely Carry out Detailed Data Analysis Apply Advanced State of the Art Analytical Tools for Comprehensive Analysis
L 1 2 3 4
Reporting, Technical Forums, Internal Submission of Inception Report Submission of Interim Report Submission of Draft Final Report Submission of Final Report
Presentations and Monthly Progress Meeting TOR 7a) Compile and Submit 4 Copies of the Inception Report TOR 7b) Compile and Submit 4 Copies of Interim Reports for 5 Phases TOR 7c) Compile and Submit 4 Copies of a Draft Final Report TOR 7d) Discuss and Present Results and findings of Draft Final report to Stakeholders during Workshop Submit Final Report for Approval by Client TOR 3i) Organize Technical Interim Report Organize Technical Interim Report Organize Technical Interim Report Organize Technical Interim Report Organize Technical Interim Report Forum to Discuss Interim results of 1st Forum to Discuss Interim results of 2nd Forum to Discuss Interim results of 3rd Forum to Discuss Interim results of 4th Forum to Discuss Interim results of 5th
Organization of Technical Forums
Organization of Internal Presentations
TOR 3i)
Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in 3rd Interim Report Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in Draft Final Report Organize Presentation to Client to Disseminate Findings reported in Pre-Workshop Findings Organize Monthly Progress Meetings with Client to Assess Progress and Quality of Output/Deliverables Confirm Date, Venue and number of Participants with Client Make Necessary Logistical Arrangements Prepare Necessary Documents, Print outs, Media and Material
7 M 1
Monthly Progress Meetings
TOR 3j)
Organization of Workshop for Stakeholders Organize Workshops for TOR 3i) Stakeholders
5.3 Task Analysis and Management

5.3.1 Task breakdown and Reciprocal Activities The main tasks are generated from the Scope of the Study given under Item 3 of Section 5 of the RFP addressing the TOR, whilst the detailed tasks and activities are derived from the main 52 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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tasks as presented in Chapter 4 of this Technical Proposal in which the Technical Approach and Methodology are discussed, the Consultants Tool Book presented in Section 5.8 of Chapter 5 and the requirements in the General Conditions of Contract of the Contract for Consultancy Services of the RFP. In all cases detailed examination of relevant documents in the RFP is made in accordance with the requirements stipulated in paragraph 3.2 and paragraph 3.4(c) in Section 2 concerning Instructions To Consultants (ITC). The task breakdown presented in Table 5.2 mainly takes into account the duration required for each task, reference section from where the task is derived and/or linked, the tools and/or techniques necessary to address the task and the output as a result of applying the Technical Approach and implementing the Methodology and Work Plan effectively. Table 5.3 gives the Tasks Breakdown, Reciprocal Activities, Mode of Implementation and Personnel Tasks Assignment (Refer to Attachment A3.3)
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Figure 5.1 Proposed Tasks Management System and Implementation Arrangement by Logistics
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5.3.2 Proposed Tasks Management System The proposed sequential tasks management system is depicted in Figure 5.1. A reciprocity concept is applied in ensuring proper correlation of the tasks to facilitate for solid assignment integration management based on advanced time and logistics management of the assignment tasks, the time durations indicated in Table 5.3 in the preceding sub-section, have been taken into consideration as one of the main input parameters. In order to achieve time savings, logistical coordination is carefully examined.
5.4 Mode of Task Implementation

In developing the optimum mode of task implementation, the Consultant takes into consideration and correlates the structure, composition and level of expertise and discipline of his team to the tasks and consultancy services required by the Client. As shown in Table 5.3 and Figure 5.3, each individual staff is assigned a number of tasks which fall within his field of expertise and capacity of execution. The Team Leader, however, is expected to oversee and effectively manage all staff and tasks whilst executing his professional duties accordingly.
5.5 Main Tasks/Work Schedule

5.5.1 Main Task/Work Schedule The main Task/Work Schedule is presented in Figure 5.2 in the Form T8 format. The Consultant in consultation with the Client will identify the works to be prioritized and produce a Schedule of Works that will include exact locations by chainage and items of study as per the TOR of the RFP and based on initial site survey findings, give a breakdown by activity definition, activity sequencing, and activity duration estimation. The results will be summarized as activity list, work breakdown structure, project network, activity duration estimates for preparation of the project scheduling by computer software e.g. Microsoft Project 2010, Prince, etc. The Consultant plans to employ The Project Manager and equivalent software to find the Critical Path and control of progress as well as budget control.
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Main Tasks 0.0
2011 - 2012/Month Days

Relevant Literature Review
1
7 14 21 28 7 14
2
21 28 7 14
3
21 28 7 14
4
21 28 7 14
5
21 28 7 14
6
21 28 7 14
7
21 28 7 14
8
21 28 7
9
14
1.0
Undertake Condition Surveys including Structural Evaluation on Existing Geogrid Trial Sections in accordance with the TOR
SUMMARY OF MAIN ASSIGNMENT TASKS
2.0
Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing & Equipment, Design Procedures, Construction Methods, Specifications and Quality Control Systems Apply Proposed Design Procedures and Standard Specifications to Develop Special Specifications for Further Trials for Geogrid Reinforced DBM as per TOR Apply Proposed Design Procedures and Standard Specifications to Develop Special Specifications for Further Trials for Reinforced Embankment as per TOR Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Systems for the Trial Sections in 3.0 and 4.0 in accordance with the TOR Stipulations Evaluation of Performance of Reinforced Earth (RE) Geostructures & Retaining Walls along the Nairobi ~ Thika Road A2 and Design of Monitoring Programmes
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Inception 7.0
Reporting
Interim Draft Final
8.0
Organize Workshop for Stakeholders
9.0
Final Report
Legend: Preparation, Development and/or Design Period Task Implementation Period
Figure 5.2 Main Tasks/Work Schedule
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5.5.2 Priority of Schedule of Works As presented in Figure 4.2 under Section 4.6 of Chapter 4, which addresses the overall approach and methodology of achieving objectives, the Consultant will investigate the sites in reference to the TOR of the RFP and identify the priorities to be carried out. The priority criteria are: Literature review Research on Geosynthetically-reinforced embankments and pavement materials Design of Research Regime Condition surveys including structural evaluation on Geosynthetics trial sections constructed in Kenya from 1987 to 2011 Development of Design Procedures, Preliminary Construction Specifications and Quality Control Systems Recommendation of Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics reinforcement Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Earth (RE) Retaining Walls along Nairobi ~ Thika Road (A2) and Design of Monitoring Programmes Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced Embankments on selected roads in Kenya countrywide Development of Special Specifications for Further Trials on Geosynthetically Reinforced DBM/AC on selected roads in Kenya countrywide Development of Monitoring and Evaluation Programmes for the trial sections Submission of Reports Organization of Stakeholders Workshops Preparation of Final Reports
5.6 Implementation Arrangement

5.6.1 Implementation Arrangement by Logistics The implementation arrangement proposed by the Consultant mainly takes the following facts into consideration. 1. The Team Leader will work in close consultation with the Chief Engineer (Materials). 2. The Team Leader will consistently brief and update the Chief Engineer (Materials). 57 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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3. The Client may give instructions and/or require the services of the Consultant at any time during the assignment to which the Consultant shall respond promptly. 4. The logistical arrangements will concentrate between the Head Office and the Project roads indicated in the Scope of the Study. 5. Site reports and updates shall be received by the Head Office on a daily basis. 6. Communication and correspondence will mainly be via mobile phones and e-mail. 7. Movement between the varying sites will be well coordinated and efficiently executed. 8. Progress meetings, technical forums and presentations to the Client are held on a monthly basis and/or as shall be directed by the Client. 9. The Logistics Manager will always ensure a proper rotation of his team for site assignments. 10. The Consultant will ensure that he upholds good relations with the Clients team on site, the local authority and the Contractor. The proposed implementation arrangement tabulated in Table 5.3 and schematically depicted in Figure 5.3. 5.6.2 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks Implementation arrangement by tasks is realized by superimposing the tasks panel on the project specific organization structure and subsequently assigning the respective tasks to the relevant expertise possessed and to be executed by each expert. The implementation arrangement by tasks diagram is presented in Figure 5.3.
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Geotechnical Engineer/ Team Leader
K1 Mobilization to Respective Sites TASKS A1 Award of Contract

A2 Technical Negotiations
Eng. Dr. J.N. Mukabi
K2 Assessment of General Site Conditions

K3 Evaluation of Environmental Conditions K4 Determination of Environmental Factors K5 Analysis of Loading Factors K6 Analysis of Displacement and Deformation Factors K7 Determine Appropriate Testing Equipment & Instrumentation
Research Scientist K.W.Ng'ang'a
Senior Engineering Geologist
Highways/ Materials Engineer Eng. Kabbia Njoroge P.
A3 Financial Negotiations A4 Signing of Contract
B1 Commencement of Consulting Services 14 Days after Order to Commence
Assistant Research Engineer Eng. S.F. Wekesa Chief Systems Analyst/ ICT & Geomatics Specialist S. Kotheki Senior Geoscientist J. Okado CAD/ Field Testing / Instrumentation Expert
B2 Orientation of Available Facilities B3 Courtesy Calls to Client and Relevant Stakeholders B4 Inception Meeting
K8 Determine Appropriate Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes & systems Based on K9 Implement Monitoring & evaluation Programmes
K10 Comprehensive Scientific & Geotechnical engineering Analysis
Mechanical Engineer A. Muthoka
Site Engineer
J. Mosaria
C1 Scientific & Engineering Theories, Concepts & Principles of Geosynthetics

C2 Standards & Procedures for Testing Chemical, Physical & Mechanical C3 Impact of Geometric Design Characteristics of Geosynthetics
L. Ngigi
C4 Impact of Geosynthetics on the Environment

C5 Other Relevant Literature
Senior Materials Technologist Ogallo J.B. Julius
Equipment/ Instrumentation Research Assistant
Logistics Manager
Materials Research Assistant
D1 Garsen ~ Lamu Road (B8/C112) & Garsen Bridge D2 Upgrading to dual carriageway of Thika ~ Makutano Road (A2) D3 Reconstruction of Eldoret ~ Burnt Forest Road (A104)
Materials Technologist K.G. Wambugu
Senior Lab Technician
Senior Materials Technician
Office Administrator
G1 Review and Correlate Findings from C and D
D4 Reconstruction of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104)
E1 Develop Appropriate Methods of Testing E2 Develop Tailored and VE Based Design Procedures E3 Develop Efficient & Appropriate Methods of Construction
G2 Apply Principles & Research Findings from Analytical results of C & D

G3 Modify Specifications Developed from E. G4 Procure, Modify and/or Fabricate Specialized Equipment Based on Results
Lab/ field Tehnicians
Secretaries Support Staff

I1 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Timboroa Road (A104)
I2 Rehabilitation of Eldoret ~ Webuye Road (A104) I3 Rehabilitation of Webuye ~ Malaba Road (A104) I4 Rehabilitation of Uplands ~ Kimende Road (A104)
E4 Develop Quality Control and Assurance Sytems

E5 Derive Preliminarily Applicable Performance-Based General, Standard &
L1 Submission of Inception Report L2 Submission of Interim Report L3 Submission of Draft Final Report L4 Submission of Final Report
G5 Undertake Modified and Specialized Lab and Scale Model Testing

G6 Carry Out Comprehensive Scientific and Engineering Analysis G7 Derive Vital Geo-Engineering Parameters for Design of Testing Regime for
F1 Recommend Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement

F2 Procure Appropriate Testing Equipment for Geosynthetics Reinforcement F3 Modify Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity
L5 Organization of Technical Forums L6 Organization of Internal Presentations

L7 Monthly Progress Meetings
H1 Masalani Bridge Approaches
J1 Review Analytical Results from C to I. H2 Likoni ~ Shelly Beach

H3 Kiserian ~ Isinya Road (D523) H4 Sigalagala ~ Butere Road (D260) J2 Apply Findings of C to I for Design of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes J3 Apply Findings from F to Develop Suitable Instrumentation J4 Design & Implement Immediate, ShortTerm, Medium-Term & Long-Term
F4 Fabricate Innovatively Testing Equipment as per Conditions & Necessity

F5 Calibration & Unification of Equipment & Instruments
M1 Organize Workshops for Stakeholders
Figure 5.3 Implementation Arrangement by Tasks (Refer to Attachment A3.5)
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5.7 Summary of Deliverables

A summary of the deliverables is presented in Table 5.4. The Consultant will prepare and submit to the Client, the reports in accordance with the requirements in the TOR of the RFP as shown in Table 5.4.
S/No. 1. 2. Report Inception Report Draft Report Table 5.4 Submission of Reports Contents Submission Proposed methodologies for the Within 4 weeks after Study and detailed work commencement of programme for the contract Consultancy Contract Detailed findings of the Within 2 weeks after completed tasks, analyses, completion of the Study results and recommendations Tasks containing all supporting material Summarized findings, analyses, Within 4 weeks after results and recommendations of the Engineers the Study containing all comments on the Draft supporting material including Report comments from the Engineer Incorporating all revisions Within 4 weeks after arising from Stakeholders the Stakeholders Workshop Workshop Discussion of Assignment at any During the Duration of stage as may be directed by the Contract Client and/or the Engineer No 2 No 2 No Copies 4 No 4 No
3.
Draft Final Report
2 No
4 No
4. 5.
Final Study Report Meetings
2 No
4 No
As necessary
Note: All Reports will include Drawings, Figures, Flowcharts and other forms of technical illustrations.
5.8 Consultants Tool Book

The Consultants Tool Book is a compilation of integral intellectual accessories that are of paramount importance in providing relevant technical, scientific and engineering guidelines for Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development (RISD), unique design approaches, methods of construction, Quality Control (QC) systems and maintenance procedures in the respective field of assignment. The List of Tool Books is tabulated in Table 5.5 whilst the Tool Books are compiled in Volume III of this Technical Proposal.
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Chapter 6
Example of Organization and Staffing

Table 6.1 Summary of RFP Requirements for Organization and Staffing
The RFP requirements for the Consultants organization and staffing are summarized in Table 6.1 below.
S/No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Reference From RFP Form T4 Form T4 Form T4 Form T4 Form T4 Particulars of Requirement Structure and Composition of Team Main Disciplines of the Assignment Identification of the Key Expert Responsible for Particular Assignment Proposed Technical Staff Support Staff Reference Section Table 6.2 Table 6.2 Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Table 5.3 & Fig. 5.3 Consultants Remarks/Comments Tabulated accordingly Tabulated accordingly Tabulated if Table 5.3 & Schematically Depicted Figure 5.3 of Chapter 5 Included accordingly Included accordingly
in
Note: Organization and Staffing Proposed by Consultant in accordance with the RFP Requirements and Stipulations.
6.1 Overall Organization Structure of the Consultant

The standard organization structure of the Consultant is presented in Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1 Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd Overall Organization Structure
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6.2 Proposed Project-Specific Organization Structure for the Assignment

The project specific organization structure proposed for this Study by the Consultant is presented in Figure 6.2.
Geotechnical Engineer/ Team Leader Eng. Dr. J.N. Mukabi
Research Scientist K. W. Ng'ang'a Senior Engineering Geologist

K.W. Ng'ang'a Assistant Research Engineer Mechanical Engineer A. Muthoka Eng. S.F. Wekesa
Highways/ Materials Engineer Eng. Kabbia Njoroge P.
Chief Systems Analyst/ ICT & Geomatics Specialist

S. Kotheki
Senior Geoscientist J. Okado CAD/ Field Testing / Instrumentation Expert L. Ngigi
Site Engineer
J. Mosaria Senior Materials Technologist Ogallo J.B. Julius
Equipment/ Instrumentation Research Assistant
Logistics Manager
Materials Research Assistant
Materials Technologist K.G. Wambugu
Office Administrator
Senior Lab Technician
Senior Materials Technician
Secretaries
Lab/ field Tehnicians
Support Staff
Figure 6.2 Kensetsu Kaihatsu Ltd Proposed Project-Specific Organization Chart
6.3 Composition of Proposed Staff

The composition of the Consultants proposed staff and their respective fields of expertise is presented in Table 6.2. 62 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Table 6.2 Composition of Consultant's Proposed Professional Staff (PS)/ Support Staff (SS) Specific Field of Expertise in Relation to Assignment
Total M/Months by Expert Total M/Months by Level Staffing Level Years of Experience
Index
Position/ Task
Staff Name
Specific Field of Expertise in Relation to Assignment
PS1
Lead Consultant
Eng. Dr. John Ngaya Mukabi
PS2
Highways/ Materials Engineer
Eng. Kabbia Njoroge Petterson
PS3
Research Scientist
Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'a
Advanced Research in Geomaterials, Geosynthetics & RE Geostructures. Design of Research & Testing Regimes, Trial section, Evaluation & Monitoring Programmes, Pavement Design & Construction Methods; Development of Special Specifications, Presentation & Reporting; Methods Design; Overall Technical Approach Coordination & Supervision; Overall Organization of Study Pavement Structure Design & Road Construction Materials; Performance Evaluation of RE Retaining Walls; Geometric Design, Structural Evaluation on Reinforced Geostructures including Geosynthetically Stabilized; Methods of Construction, Pavement Design & Testing Soil-Structural-Reinforcement Elements Research & Structural Matrix Analysis; Development of Quality Control Systems; Geometric Design & Characteristics; Geosynthetics Performance & Characteristics; Geotechnical Engineering Research & Literature Review; Impact of Materials on Environmental Impact assessment Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Calibration & Verification of Equipment; Evaluation & Monitoring of Field/ Laboratory Testing; Quality Control; Implementation of Lab/ Field Testing Regimes Research in Construction Methods Testing, Research in Mechanically & Chemically Stabilized Geomaterials including Geosynthetically Reinforced Materials; Geosynthetic Types & Sources; Performance Specifications; Sourcing & Availability Expert; Design Manuals & Specifications Geophysical & Geomathematical Analysis of In-situ Strata, Geomaterials & Soil~Geosynthetics Interaction, Local & Global Characteristics; Suitability Testing; Performance Evaluation; Quality Control & Monitoring Geological Engineering Analysis and Site Characterization; Material Types & Sources; Hydrological Analysis, Drainage Characteristics; Field Activities & Tasks Construction Implementation of Geosynthetics Reinforced Materials/ Layers; Monitoring & Environmental Impact Assessment; Structural Analysis; Condition Survey & Scoping Inventory; Post Test Structural Repairs Design and Modification of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation; Evaluation of Field/ Laboratory Testing Equipment & Instrumentation Performance & Monitoring Specialist in Engineering/ Management/ Field/ Office Information & Communication Technology & Design Applications; Expert in Engineering Systems, Intelligence, GIS/Geomatics, Modeling/3D; Industrial Design Knowledgebase; Technological & Computer Science Advisory Geotechnical Investigation, Materials Testing, Field and Laboratory Testing Techniques - Research Regime Interpretation & Implementation; Innovation of Field/ laboratory Testing Equipment; Field Activities Mechanical Field Testing Equipment and Instrumentation. CAD Operations
26
6.97
Professional Staff
32
6.36 25.00
18
5.14
PS4
Support Staff Level 1
Senior Materials Technologist
Ogallo J.B. Julius
20
6.53
SS1-1 Assistant Research Engineer
Eng. Fred Sirmoi Wekesa
7.48 15.47
SS1-2 Senior Geoscientist
Joram Okado Mukabi
17
7.99
SS2-1 Senior Engineering Geologist
Kihuha Waweru Ng'ang'a
30
3.66
SS2-2 Site Engineer

Support Staff Level 2
Eng. Julius Mosaria
5.78
SS2-3
Mechanical Engineer (Instrument. & Equip.)
Eng. Alphonse Muthoka
17
6.12 34.73
SS2-4 Systems Analyst/ ICT Specialist
Sylvester Kotheki
22
6.46
SS2-5 Materials Tehnologist
Kenneth Githuga Wambugu
20
6.93
SS2-6 CAD/ Field Test/ Instrumentation Expert Leonard Ngigi
18
5.78
TOTAL M/Months
75.20 75.20
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6.4 Summary of Staffing Task assignment A summary of the Staffing Task Assignment is provided in Table 5.3 under Section 5.3 (sub-section) of Chapter 5. 6.5 Proposed Staff Assignment Schedule The Consultants proposed Staff Assignment Schedule is presented in Figure 6.3 below.
Staff Name
Eng. Dr. John Mukabi Eng. Kabbia Njoroge Kihuha Ng'ang'a Ogalo Julius Eng. Sirmoi Wekesa Joram Okado Mukabi Kihuha Ng'ang'a Eng. Julius Mosaria
Eng. Alphonse Muthoka
Year Month Week 7 14
2011 - 2012 1
21 28 7 14
Index
2
21 28 7 14
3
21 28 7 14
4
21 28 7 14
5
21 28 7 14
6
21 28 7 14
7
21 28
Position/ Task
Geotechnical Engineer/Team Leader
PROFESSIONAL STAFF
PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4
Highway/Materials Engineer Research Scientist Senior Materials Technologist
SUPPORT STAFF:LEVEL 1
Assistant Research SS1-1 Engineer
SS1-2 Senior Geoscientist SS2-1

Senior Engineering Geologist
SUPPORT STAFF:LEVEL 2
SS2-2 Site Engineer SS2-3 SS2-4

Mechanical Engineer (Instrument & Equip) Systems Analyst/ICT Specialist
Sylvester Kotheki Kenneth Wambugu Leonard Ngigi

1. Assignment Schedule is subject to change depending on prevailing circumstances, progress of Study and necessity of Experts
Assignment in Nairobi/Laboratory Assignment on Site/Field Intermitent Assignment Preliminary/Other
SS2-5 Materials Technologist SS2-6

CAD/Field Test/Instrumentation Expert
Notes:
Figure 6.3 Proposed Professional Staff (PS)/ Support Staff (SS) Assignment Schedule
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Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 Conclusions Following the discussions and presentations made in this Proposal, the following preliminary conclusions are considered. 1. Infrastructure is an absolutely integral priority area of research 2. Enhancement of Research & Development Programmes, capacity building and increased funding in the advancing of Value Engineering (VE) technologies and materials science is certainly integral in the achievement of rapid socio-economic development in line with the Kenya Vision 2030. 3. The Case Examples and Analyses of the VE Technologies introduced in Chapter 3 of this Proposal clearly demonstrate the: a) importance of enhanced R&D; b) enormous cost-time savings realized through the application of these technologies; c) enhanced structural performance and serviceability levels achieved; d) versatility of technologies in their applications; and, e) technologies can immensely contribute to the rapid achievement of integrated socio-economic development.
and
7.2 Recommendations The following partial recommendations are suggested. 1. Infrastructure be considered as a topmost priority area of research. 2. Funding for research in this area be exponentially increased in order to undertake comprehensive and extensive research for purposes of achieving rapid and useful results. 3. Policies be established to the effect that a percentage of say 3 ~ 5% be levied on every infrastructure project for purposes of research funding in this field. 4. Policies be established to make it mandatory that infrastructure projects only be awarded to consulting and contracting firms that foster, develop and apply Value 65 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Engineering Technologies as is demonstrated in sub-section 3.3.4, which outlines some policy and contractual aspects of Value Engineering. 5. More forums such as the National Science, Technology and Innovation Week to be held on 7 11 May 2012 under the NCST auspices be organized and research findings efficiently corroborated accordingly. 6. Committees be established in the respective fields of research under the NCST for purposes of effectively coordinating and corroborating research findings in order to avoid duplication and unnecessary use of the much needed research funding.
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Attachments
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A1 Abridged CV of Proponent Researcher A1.1 Summary of CV
CURRICULUM VITAE
1. NAME OF STAFF 2. MAIN POSITIONS 3. NAME OF FIRM
: JOHN NGAYA MUKABI : Chief Executive Officer/Chief Technical Advisor (CTA)/LEAD CONSULTANT : Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited/Kensetsu Kaihatsu Consultants CTA /DIRECTOR for various other firms : Geotechnical /Civil Engineer : 12th September 1959 : Kenyan
4. PROFESSION 5. DATE OF BIRTH 6. NATIONALITY
7. MEMBERSHIPS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
MISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MAIPE (MEMBER ADVISOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL PANEL OF ENGINEERS) MEGEP (MEMBER OF THE SPECIAL RESEARCH AND EXECUTIVE WORKING GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN GEOGRIDS EXPERTS PANEL) 68 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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MASCE ( MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) MTCISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MRCARSSMGE (MEMBER OF THE RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF THE AFRICAN REGION - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MPRARSSMGE (MEMBER OF THE PEER REVIEW OF THE AFRICAN REGION - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MIAEG (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY) CMWRA (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD ASSOCIATION) CMWRF (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD FEDERATION) MJGS (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY) MJSCE (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) MCKGS (FOUNDER MEMBER AND PRESIDENT OF THE KENYA GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY) MAFACE (MEMBER ADVISOR TO THE ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) PRMWASET (PEER REVIEW MEMBER OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL COMMITTEE & EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD ON NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES) MIEEE (MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS) MIECE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) MIAMG (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES) MIUGG (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS) EBMIJGEOMATE (EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNIQUE,
MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT)
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EBMIRJESTI (EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING,

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION) MICASIT
(MEMBER
OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY)
8. DETAILED TASKS ASSIGNED For most Civil Engineering Projects, Dr. Eng. John Ngaya Mukabi is usually the Team Leader, Lead Consultant and/or Project Manager, Project Director, Chief Technical Advisor, Materials, Pavement, Highway and Geotechnical Engineer/Expert. Dr. Mukabi has also been charged with the responsibility of offering technical advisory services to various Government Agencies in the East and Central African Region (mainly; Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, South Sudan and Burundi) in the capacity of Chief Technical Advisor/Lead Consultant.
9. KEY QUALIFICATIONS Being one of the most brilliant Engineers and Scientist of our times and a leading African Engineer, Dr. Mukabi is vastly experienced in the field of Geotechnical Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Geo Physics, Geo mathematics and Civil Engineering. His achievements are vast, showing the highest value input, some of which have made him earn numerous awards. He is currently the only Non-Euro Member of World Elite Scholars of the European Geogrid Experts Panel, EGEP, alongside the other various esteemed memberships above. His approach to design and engineering is unique and he has come up with revolutionary methods and techniques that immensely assist Engineers in both design and construction supervision. For more than 28 years he has worked on highways, bridges, airports, and many more large Civil Engineering Projects. His skills in developing unique and innovative concepts and techniques for practical application in Geotechnical Engineering, Materials Testing, Survey Methods, Analytical Approach, Perceptive Scientific Tools, Systematic Approach Concepts, Engineering/Scientific Theories, Design Approach and Methods of Construction as well as scientific and engineering research and specialized construction supervision methods are, by any standards hardly quantifiable. He studied in Japan for 13 years mastering the skills he mainly adopts in practice for various major projects in the African Region and internationally. He attained a Ph.D Degree from The University of Tokyo graduating among the top in his class among international and Japanese students. While in Japan,
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Dr. Mukabi participated in a number of large-scale projects and his substantial research input culminated, partly, in the realization of the Ultra Futuristic 21st Century City - the Minato Mirai 21 (MM21). This is a city in Yokohama City of Japan that incorporates all the modern design elements including automated highways, high-tech information superhighway infrastructure, high-tech smart buildings and amenity facilities constructed predominantly on land that was reclaimed from the sea. He also possesses great qualities, knowledge and genius for civil engineering construction of bridges, highways, and affordable housing for developing countries, which result in appreciable cost savings. Whilst at the University of Tokyo, Dr. Mukabi also had opportunities to conduct advanced joint research with scholars from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, University of Cambridge, Imperial College, University of London, City University London, University of Sydney, University of Beijing, University of Rome, University of Naples, Politecnico di Torino, among others. He also received research grants to undertake research for such institutions in Japan as, the Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Port and Harbor Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Kajima Corporation Research Institute, Technology Research Centre of Taisei corporation, Obayashi Corporation Technical Research Institute, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo Electric Company Research Institute, Ariake Bay Research Group, Tokyo Bay Research Group, Kansai International Airport Research Group, Kandagawa Flood Control Research Group, Kansai Electric Company Research Institution, Railway Technical Research Institute, Honshu Shikoku Bridge Authority, Minato Mirai 21 (MM 21)Development Authority, Institute of Technology of Tokyu Construction Co. Ltd, Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation of Tokyo, Geo Research Institute of Osaka, and Institute of Industrial Science of the University of Tokyo, among others. His Projects Oriented research work in Africa has also been mainly sponsored by the Japan Bank of International Corporation (JBIC), Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), Kajima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, Tensar International, London, UK, Construction Project Consultants, Tokyo, Japan, Katahira and Engineers International Tokyo, Japan, Mitsui Corporation, Johannesburg, South Africa, ConAid PTY Inc. Johannesburg, South Africa, Geo technologies, Johannesburg, South Africa, Sumitomo Corporation, Nairobi, Kenya, Katahira and Engineers International, Manila, Philippines and Urban Tone Corporation Co. Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand. Dr. Mukabi has held key positions in international firms including Katahira & Engineers International, Construction Project Consultants (CPC), Inc., and Kajima Corporation, among others, where he has held
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such Senior and Executive positions as Chief Technical Advisor, General Manager and Asst. Managing Director for the African Region. He is also the CEO and Chief Consulting Engineer of Kensetsu Kaihatsu Consultants, Chairman of Createch Management Consultants, Director and Chief Technical Advisor of numerous local and International Construction Firms, all organizations of which are deeply involved with projects in Developing Countries all over the world. He has excellent and practical communication skills combined with a great sense of humor and compassion, characters which make him easy to work with, and open to ideas and discussions. He has mainly worked within the African region for the past 14 years, mainly for Projects under the International Aid Agencies such as The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), African Development Bank (AfDB) various NGOs and many other organizations. He has played a major pivotal role in the success of various projects by providing prompt and pragmatic engineering solutions to some of the most critical geotechnical engineering problems and complex soils, besides developing VE (Value Engineering) countermeasures for projects in areas suffering from a gross lack of suitable materials for road and foundation design and construction. His engineering contribution has led to appreciably enormous cost savings and reduction in terms of construction time of some major highway and bridge projects particularly in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya and the African and Asian Regions in general. Dr. Mukabi strongly believes in the importance of fostering capacity building and technology transfer for the benefit of upcoming Engineers and Professionals geared purposely for achieving sustainable development. He has initiated and established various programmes to assist young people and Engineers attain higher knowledge and expertise. He has also been a direct and distant Supervisor and Examiner of Post Graduate Students in University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) and Addis Ababa University as well as various universities in Asia and Europe. His research is founded on top global high technology and focused on the African Continent with its type of materials and problems that face Engineers, Donors, Politicians and in general, the people of Africa. He has worked extensively in Ethiopia, Southern Sudan and Tanzania. Currently, he is directly involved in project work in Kenya, Southern Sudan, Ethiopia, Ghana, Egypt, Tanzania, Zambia, South Africa, whilst offering distant advisory services in various other countries worldwide, including mainly Germany, England, Hungary, Poland, Russia etc, whereby he always encourages the enhancement of Technology Transfer, Capability and Capacity Building as well as appropriate Training Programmes.
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Dr. Mukabi has been awarded more than 35 top international honours and cited in major biographical references including The Contemporary Whos Who of Professionals 2005/2006, American Hall of Fame, The Genius Elite, Great Minds of the 21ST Century, The Contemporary Whos Who 2003/2004, American Biographical Institute (ABI) Contemporary Hall of Fame, The 2003/2004 Leading Intellectuals of The World, The World Book of Knowledge, and many more. He has received more than 25 awards and been nominated for others such as ABI Man of The Year 2003, Noble Laureate, World laureate of the ABI, Life Achievement Award, The Da Vinci Diamond Award, American Medal of Honour Award 2004, Leader in Science Award, Achievement in Research Award, International Order of Merit Award, ABI Noble Laureate, among others. The list seems to continue progressing dynamically.
EDUCATION
10. EDUCATION & SCHOLARSHIPS : Ph.D in Geotechnical Engineering, Post Graduate School of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan- April 1991~ March 1995 : MSc. in Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan-April 1989~ March 1991 : BSc. (First Class Hons.) Civil Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan- March 1985~March 1989
SCHOLARSHIPS : : : : International Rotary Club Rotary Yoneyama, Japan Kajima Foundation, Japan Mombusho (Ministry of Education) Tuition
Scholarship, Japan : United Nations Scholarship Candidate
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11.
RELEVANT TRAINING, SEMINARS, SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS:

Lectures:
Dr. Mukabi has participated and lectured in more than 120 International Conferences, Symposiums, Seminars and Engineering Forums spreading over all the continents including Keynote Addresses and Keynote Lectures.
Publications as First Author:

Dr. Mukabi has over 200 international publications as the First Author in the fields of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Innovative Technologies, Master Planning, City Planning & Development, Transport Infrastructure Development, Building Construction, Underground (Sub-surface) Development, Methods of Construction, Research & Innovation for sustainable Development, Geophysics, Geoscience, Geomathematics and various other topics.
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A1.2 Recently Submitted Lead Researcher/Consultant CV
1. Proposed Position: Lead Consultant 2. Name of Firm: Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited 3. Name of Staff: John Ngaya MUKABI 4. Date of Birth: 12th September 1959 5. Education: Ph.D in Geotechnical Engineering, Post Graduate School of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan April 1991 ~ March 1995 MSc. in Geotechnical Engineering, Post Graduate School of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan April 1989 ~ March 1991 BSc. (Hons) in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil & Marine Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan - April 1985 ~ March 1989 6. Membership of Professional Associations: 75 MISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MAIPE (MEMBER ADVISOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL PANEL OF ENGINEERS) MEGEP (MEMBER OF THE SPECIAL RESEARCH AND EXECUTIVE WORKING GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN GEOGRIDS EXPERTS PANEL) MASCE ( MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) MTCISSMGE (MEMBER OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MRCARSSMGE (MEMBER OF THE RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF THE AFRICAN REGION - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING) MIAEG (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY) CMWRA (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD ASSOCIATION) CMWRF (CORPORATE MEMBER OF THE WORLD ROAD FEDERATION) MJGS (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY) MJSCE (MEMBER OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) MCKGS (FOUNDER MEMBER AND PRESIDENT OF THE KENYA GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY) Nationality: Kenyan
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MAFACE (MEMBER ADVISOR TO THE ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) PRMWASET (PEER REVIEW MEMBER OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY)
MIEEE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ASSOCIATION)
MIECE (MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS)
7. Other Training: Project Development and Master Planning Projecting The Yokohama Minato Mirai (MM21) 21st Century Futuristic City Development Project, The Yokohama City Development Authority, Japan, August 1989 ~ August 1989. Developing Models for Systematic Urban Planning and Development, State Development Authority, Denver, USA, May 1989 ~ May 1989. Design & Construction Utilizing New Materials in Civil Engineering Adoption of Fly Ash as a Land Reclamation Material, Kansai Electric Power, Japan, September 1989 ~ September 1989. Research & Development in Shield Tunneling, Under Sea Tunneling for the Tokyo Bay Project, The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Corporation, Ministry of Construction, Japan, March 1990 ~ April 1990. Transport Infrastructure and Urbanization, Hong Kong City Development Authority, Hong Kong, June 1990 ~ June 1990. Contract Administration in Civil Engineering Practice, The Honshu Shikoku Bridge Authority, Government of Japan, June 1990 ~ September 1990. Research Orientation, Development and Benefits in Geotechnical Engineering, The Port & Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, June 1991 ~ August 1991. Enhancing Research on the Development of Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of Manmade Islands and Land Reclamation, The New Kansai International Airport, The Port & Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, July 1992 ~ August 1992.
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Modeling Geotechnical Engineering and Geological Problems in Offshore Ground Settlement, The New Kansai International Airport, Osaka City Authority and The Port & Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, March 1993 ~ April 1993.
Flood Control within Urbanized Developments, The Kandagawa Flood Control Project, Taisei Corporation, Japan, July 1993 ~ July 1993. Developing Ground Improvement Aspects in Geotechnical Engineering, Ground Improvement in Ariake, Kyushuu for Rail Road Design and Construction, Ariake Geotechnical Research Group, Kyushuu Prefecture, Japan, March 1994 ~ April 1994
Project Management Practice
in Civil Engineering, the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan, June 1994 ~ August 1994. Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Reconstruction Planning in Kobe City due the Structural Damage caused by the Great Kansai Earthquake, KOBENET, Kobe Prefecture, Japan, March 1995 ~ March 1995. 8. Countries of Work Experience: Particularly in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya and the European, African and Asian Regions in general. 9. Languages: English, Japanese, Kiswahili and Native Language 10. Employment Record: S/N 1. 2. 3. 4. Employer Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited Katahira & Engineers International Createch Construction & Management Consultants Construction Project Consultants Inc. Year From 2004 2005 To to date 2007 CEO/Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) Asst. Managing Director, Africa Region/CTA Chairman Asst. General Manager/Projects Manager and CTA, East & Central African Positions Held
2003 2006 1998 2004
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5. 6.
Mpata Investments Limited Mpata International, Japan
1995 1998 1995 2000
Region Managing Director Chairmans Rep. for Africa Region
11. Detailed Tasks Assigned: Management of all Tasks in general; and, Liaison with Chief Engineer (Materials) Advancing Research in Geomaterials, Geosynthetics & RE Geostructures Design of Research & Testing Regimes Design of Trial sections Development of Evaluation and Monitoring Procedures, Systems and Programmes Development of Appropriate and Unique Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems Development of Special Specifications 78
12. Work Undertaken that Best Illustrates Capability to Handle the Tasks: (1) Name of Assignment or Project: Reconstruction of Original Pavements of Isiolo Airport Year: October 2010 ~ On going Location: Isiolo/Meru Counties, Eastern State Client: Kenya Airports Authority, Ministry of Transport Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Hydro-geological Study, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pavement Structures, Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Led and Supervised Study Team (2) Name of Assignment or Project: White Nile Oil Exploration Project in Southern Sudan Year: March 2007 ~ November 2007 Location: Jonglei Flood Plains, Southern Sudan Client: White Nile Oil Exploration Corporation and the Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Project Conceptualization, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Design of Geosynthetics Reinforced Pad Foundations for Oil Drilling Rigs, Embankments and Pavement Structures for Access Roads & Airstrip Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique
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Overall Technical Approach, Coordination and Implementation Methodology
Overall Organization of Study Overall Presentation and Reporting
Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Led and Supervised Study Team (3) Name of Assignment or Project: Design of Reinforced Earth Structures with Slope Protection Applying the Terre Armee Method for the Tana Basin Development Project Phase II Year: June 2000 ~ November 2000 Location: Malindi ~ Garissa, Kenya Client: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)/Office of the President, Government of Kenya Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Terre Armee Earth Reinforcement Method, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures for , Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Reinforced Earth Embanked Structures and Reinforced Earth Bridge Abutments (4) Name of Assignment or Project: Juba River Port Access Road Detailed Design and Construction Supervision Project Year: October 2006 ~ September 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency through Katahira & Engineers International/Urban Tone Cooperation Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of
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Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Technical Advisor/Project Director Activities Performed: Overall Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (5) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Study on Planning and Support for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas Year: January 2006 ~ March 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Government of Japan Main Features: Feasibility Studies on Physical Infrastructure, Water Supply and Community Based Development, Development of River Port, Road Pavement and Water Supply Pilot Projects, Establishing Juba City Development Strategy and Master Plan, Preparation of Maintenance Plan for the Pilot Projects Position(s) Held: Chief Technical Advisor/Chief Project Coordnator/Research Team Leader/Chief Materials Pavement & Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Responsible for Advising and Assisting Project Team Leader, Led the Research & Development Team, Designed the Methodologies, Work Plans and Implementation Programmes of the Project (6) Name of Assignment or Project: Consultancy Work Supervision of Emergency Road Repairs in Southern Sudan Phase 3, Wau ~ Abyei Road, Causeway & Bridge Project Year: November 2006 ~ July 2007 Location: Juba City, Southern Sudan Client: UN World Food Programme (WFP) Main Features: Feasibility Study, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design 80 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision, Development of Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant, Project Manager/Chief Materials, Pavement & Highway Engineer/Research Team Leader Activities Performed: Overall Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Countermeasures to Lack of Suitable Road Construction Materials, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (7) Name of Assignment or Project: Detailed Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project Phases II - IV Year: December 2002 ~ March 2005 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia Main Features: Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Research Team Leader/Chief Technical Advisor/Resident Engineer/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Overall Contract Administration and Project Management, Detailed Design Study and Construction Supervision, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Black Cotton Soils, Development of Unique Pavement Structural Designs, Research into Cost-effective Countermeasures to Slope Stability, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design and Bridge Foundations (8) Name of Assignment or Project: Study of the Enhancement of Structural Capacity and Serviceability Level of the Addis Ababa ~ Goha Tsion Trunk Road Project Year: March 2003 ~ April 2004 81 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Enhancement of Serviceability, Structural capacity and Traffic Safety Levels due to Exponential Increase in Oil Transport Traffic Volume Position(s) Held: Lead Geotechnical Engineering and Highway Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed Innovative Research & Testing Regimes, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes, In-charge of Overall Supervision of the Project and Led the Study Team (9) Name of Assignment or Project: Post-Construction Project Evaluation and Preparation of Consultancy and Contract Completion Reports for the Addis Ababa Year: January 2005 ~ February 2006 Location: North Western Corridor, Ethiopia Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan/Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation of Road Pavements, Embankments and Slope Stability (10) Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study of Engineering Design for the Upgrading and Expansion of the Gimbothaya International Airport and Access Road in Bahir Dar Year: May 2004 ~ September 2004 82 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Location: Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Client: Office of the Prime Minister, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed Innovative Research & Testing Regimes, In-charge of Overall Supervision of the Project and Led the Study Team (11) Name of Assignment or Project: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Engineering Design of the Upgrading project of the Holeta ~ Muger Road Year: May 2004 ~ February 2005 Location: Nekemta, Ambo, Ethiopia Client: Ethiopian Roads Authority, Government of the Republic of Ethiopia/Kajima Corporation, Japan Main Features: Detailed and Comprehensive Study on the Engineering and Financial Requirements Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design, Established Pragmatic Monitoring & Evaluation of Road Pavements, Embankments and Slope Stability (12) Name of Assignment or Project: Ntare ~ Ruhatsi Boulevard Project for Pavement Rehabilitation on City Roads, Bujumbura Year: September 2007 ~ May 2008 Location: Bujumbura, Burundi Client: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Government of Japan, Ministry of Roads, Government of the Republic of Burundi Main Features: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Basic & Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision 83 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Project Director Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (13) Name of Assignment or Project: Mbeya ~ LwanjiloMakongolosi Trunk Road Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project Year: April 2008 ~ February 2009 Location: Mbeya, Tanzania Client: Tanzania Roads Authority (TANROADS), Government of the United of Tanzania Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (14) Name of Assignment or Project: Construction of Songwe Airport Pavements and Buildings in Mbeya Year: April 2008 ~ February 2009 Location: Mbeya, Tanzania Client: BADEA and OPEC/Tanzania Airports Authority, Government of the United of Tanzania Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique 84 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (15) Name of Assignment or Project: Emergency Rehabilitation Works in Juba (ERW) Construction, Rehabilitation and Upgrading of LOT 1 Roads in Juba, Southern Sudan Year: October 2008 ~ August 2009 Location: Juba, Southern Sudan Client: World Bank/Ministry of Roads & Bridges, Government of Southern Sudan Main Features: Design Review, Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Detailed Design Studies, Study Possibility of Application of Geosynthetics Reinforcement, Design of Trial Sections, Design of Pavement Structures, Construction Supervision Position(s) Held: Lead Consultant/Chief Geotechnical & Highway Engineer Activities Performed: Developed and Designed Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems, Innovation of Unique Engineering Solutions for Problematic Soils, Development of Research Based Value Engineering Methods for Enhanced Pavement Structural Design (16) Name of Assignment or Project: The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Development Project Year: March 1989 ~ March 1991 Location: Tokyo ~ Chiba, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Construction of Man-made Islands, Bridges and Under-sea Tunnels Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems 85 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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(17) Name of Assignment or Project: Ground Improvement in Ariake, Kyushuu for Rail Road Construction Year: June 1994 ~ March 1995 Location: Ariake, Kyushuu Prefecture, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Ground Improvement Design and Construction Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems (18) Name of Assignment or Project: The Kandagawa Flood Control Project Year: April 1993 ~ March 1995 Location: Suginami Ward , Tokyo, Japan Client: Ministry of Construction, Government of Japan Main Features: Design and Construction of Large Shaft to Drain Water and Control Flooding Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems (19) Name of Assignment or Project: Water Front Development, Reclamation and Ground Settlement Associated Problems of the New Kansai International Airport Year: June 1991 ~ June 1994 Location: Osaka , Japan Client: The Port and Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Government of Japan Main Features: Development of Appropriate Geotechnical Engineering Solutions Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant 86 Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited
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Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development of Value Engineering Based Countermeasures and Geotechnical Engineering Solutions, and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems (20) Name of Assignment or Project: The OAP ( Osaka Amenity Park) Project for Skyscraper Buildings, Infrastructure & Amenity Parks Year: April 1992 ~ March 1995 Location: Osaka , Japan Client: Osaka City Authority, Ministry of Local Government, Government of Japan Main Features: Development of Appropriate Geotechnical Engineering Solutions for Foundation and Pavement Design and Construction Position(s) Held: Geotechnical Engineering Research Assistant Activities Performed: Assisted in the Development of Value Engineering Based Geotechnical Engineering Solutions, and Design of Unique Research & Testing Regimes, Appropriate Design Procedures, Methods of Construction and Quality Control Systems
13. Certification: I, the undersigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications, and my experience. I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged.
Date: 5th/December/2011 Day/Month/Year
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Full name of authorized representative:
Dr. Eng. John Ngaya Mukabi
A2 List of Relevant Engineering Reports A3 List of Recently Published Relevant Peer Reviewed International Scientific and Engineering Publications
Science and Engineering Books under Publication by Mukabi J.N.
1. Advanced Mathematical Methods for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2. Geo-scientific Application for Civil Engineers. 3. Energy Solutions Based on GECS. 4. Advanced Engineering Geophysics. Some Relevant Publications
[13]Mukabi J.N. (2015e). The Advanced Role of OBRM in Road Construction and the Geo-environmental Mitigation, to be published in the Proceedings of the XXVTH World Road Congress, Seoul, South Korea. [14]Mukabi J.N. (2015d). Recently Developed Value Engineering Technologies for Highway Design and Construction Applied in the East and Central African Region, to be published in the Proceedings of the
XXVTH World Road Congress, Seoul, South Korea.
[15] Mukabi J.N. (2015c). Application of Geoscientific Methods Developed for Analyzing the Behaviour of Stabilized and Geosynthetically Reinforced Tropical Soils, to be published in the Proceedings of the 16th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Tunis, Tunisia. [16]Mukabi J.N. (2015b). Soil-Structure Interaction Mechanisms Based on the MCST and CSSR Functions, to be published in the Proceedings of the 16th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Tunis, Tunisia. [17]Mukabi J.N. (2015a). Change in Current Stress State-Induced Anisotropy of Stiff Pleistocene Clays Resulting from Static and Dynamic Loading Effects, to be published in the Proceedings of the 16th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Tunis, Tunisia. [18]Mukabi J.N. (2014g). Some Vital Geotechnical Engineering Elements for Foundation Design and Construction, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey.
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[19]Mukabi J.N. (2014f). Influence of Drainage Conditions on Small Strain Characteristics of Stiff Pleistocene Clays, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey. [20]Mukabi J.N. (2014e). Application of the Initial Yield and CSSR Concepts in Enhancing Vital Geotechnical Engineering Parameters, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey. [21] Mukabi J.N. (2014d). Static and Dynamic Loading Effects on Drained and Undrained Small Strain Characteristics of Clayey Geomaterials, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey. [22] Mukabi J.N. (2014c). Simulation of Impact of Seismic Loading on Degree of Destructuration of Clayey Geomaterials, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey. [23] Mukabi J.N. (2014b). Some Vital Geotechnical Engineering Elements for Pavement Structural Design and Construction, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [24] Mukabi J.N. (2014a). Application of the Initial Yield Strain Concept in Developing the Failure Criteria for MEPD Specifications, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [25] Mukabi J.N. (2013i). Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics for African Representative Soils, to be published in the Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE), Paris, France. [26] Mukabi J.N. (2013h). Influence of Varying Consolidation Stress-strain Histories on Small Strain Behaviour of Stiff Geomaterials, to be published in the Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE), Paris, France. [27] Mukabi J.N. (2013g). Introducing Intricate Geomathematical Module Functions for the OPMCS Technology, to be published in the Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the International Association of Mathematical Geosciences, Madrid, Spain. [28] Mukabi J.N. (2013f). Geoscientific Comparative Analysis of the Interaction of Geosynthetics with Natural and Stabilized Tropical Soils, to be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Melborne, Australia. [29] Mukabi J.N. (2013e). Geoscientific Method of Remote Field Data Acquisition and Analysis for Civil Engineering Application, to be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Melborne, Australia.
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[30] Mukabi J.N. (2013d). Some Recently Developed Analytical Techniques for Underground Construction in Tropical Problematic Soils, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [31] Mukabi J.N. (2013c). Advancing Innovative Ground Improvement Technologies for Founding Civil Engineering Structures, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [32] Mukabi J.N. (2013b). Innovative Laboratory and In-situ Methods of Testing in Geotechnical Engineering, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [33] Mukabi J.N. (2013a). A Geomathematical Method for Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Sub-surface Geoenvironmental Changes, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics (ICAPM). [34] Mukabi J.N. (2012i). Application of OPMCS Strut Micropiling Technique for Foundation Ground and Subgrade Improvement, to be published in the Proceedings of the ISM 11th International Workshop on Micropiling, Rome, Italy. [35] Mukabi J.N. (2012h). Some Recently Developed Ground Improvement Techniques for Tropical Expansive Soils, to be published in the Proceedings of the The 4th International Conference on Problematic Soils, Wuhan, China. [36] Mukabi J.N. (2012g). Geoscientific Methods of Remote Data Derivation for Geotechnical Engineering Applications, to be published in the Proceedings of the 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane, Australia. [37] Mukabi J.N. (2012f). Proposed Quadruple Process Model and Geomathematical Functions Simulating Earth Dynamic Processes, to be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany. [38] Mukabi J.N. (2012e). Integrated Geo-Probabilistic and Geo-Statistical Module Functions for the Proposed Quadruple Process Model, to be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany. [39] Mukabi J.N. (2012d). Recent Developments of Quantitative Determination of Kinematic Hardening SubYield Surface Limits, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth TC-ISSMGE International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, North Cyprus, Turkey. [40] Mukabi J.N. (2012c). Case Study Analysis of OPMC Improved Foundation Ground, Pavement and Other Geo-structures Employing the GECPRO Model, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ground Improvement, (ISSMGE-TC211), Brussels, Belgium. [41] Mukabi J.N. (2012b). Application of High-Order Spatial Cumulants Concept in Developing Sophisticated Analytical Methods and Stochastic Simulation for Stabilized Geomaterials, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics (ICAPM), Chennai, India.
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[42] Mukabi J.N. (2012a). Promotion of Value Engineering Principles as Integral Means of Propulsion Towards the Effective Achievement of Vision 2030, East African Regional Symposium on Geotechnologies for
Sustainable Socio-economic Development, Nairobi, Kenya.

[43] Mukabi, J.N. (2011g). Characterization and modeling of various aspects of pre-failure deformation of clayey geomaterials Fundamental theories and analyses. KEYNOTE LECTURE. Published in the Proceedings, 1st International Conference on Geotechnique, Constrution Materials & Environment, Vol. 1, pp. 30-39, Mie, Japan. [44] Mukabi, J.N. & Hossain Z. (2011f). Characterization and modeling of various aspects of pre-failure deformation of clayey Geomaterials Application in Modeling. KEYNOTE LECTURE. Published in the Proceedings, 1st International Conference on Geotechnique, Constrution Materials & Environment, Vol. 2, pp. 1-10, Mie, Japan. [45] Mukabi J.N. (2011e). Derived Empirical Relations and Models of Vital Geotechnical Engineering Parameters Based on Geophysical and Mechanical Methods of Testing, published in the Proceedings of the 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Maputo, Mozambique. [46] Mukabi J.N. (2011d). Fundamental Theory of the ReCap Technique and its Application in the Construction of Pavement Structures within Problematic Soils, published in the Proceedings of the 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Maputo, Mozambique. [47] Mukabi J.N. (2011c). Case Study Analysis of a Heavily Loaded Road Pavement Structure Constructed on Black Cotton Soil, published in the Proceedings of the 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARC on SMGE), Maputo, Mozambique. [48] Mukabi J.N. (2011b). A Scientific Approach in Determining Sustainable Solutions to Slope Failures and Landslides, Proceedings of the International Union of Geodesy and Geoscience Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet, Melbourne, Australia. [49] Mukabi J.N. (2011a). Some Recently Developed Analytical Techniques for Underground Construction in Problematic Soils, Proceedings of the The VIITH International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Roma, Italy. [50] Mukabi JN, Kimura Y, Murunga PA, Njoroge BN, Wambugu J, Sidai V, Onacha K., Kotheki S, Ngigi A, Case example of design and construction within problematic soils, in Proc. Int. Geotec. Conf. on Geotechnical Challenges in Megacities, Geomos, Moscow, 2010, vol. 2, pp 1172-1179. [51] Mukabi JN, Kotheki S. (2010l). Geoscientific Methods of Analyzing the Modified Critical State Theory. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Mathematics and Geosciences, Beijing, China. [52] Mukabi JN, Kotheki S. (2010k). A Geo-mathematical model for quantitative analysis and prediction of the impact of environmental changes on the characteristics of geomaterial formation, in Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Mathematical Geosciences, pp 382-406. Budapest, Brussels.
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[53] Mukabi J.N., Kotheki S., Ngigi A., Gono K., Njoroge B.N., Murunga P.A., Sidai V. (2010j) Characterization of Black Cotton Soil under static and dynamic loading Testing and Analyses. Published in Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (ICGE), Tunis, Tunisia. [54] Mukabi J.N., Kotheki S., Ngigi A., Gono K., Njoroge B.N., Murunga P.A., Sidai V. (2010i) Characterization of Black Cotton Soil under static and dynamic loading Discussions and Applications. Published in Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (ICGE), Tunis, Tunisia. [55] Mukabi JN, Kotheki S. (2010h) A Geo-mathematical model for quantitative analysis and prediction of the impact of environmental changes on the characteristics of geomaterial formation, Proceedings of 14th Int. Conference on Mathematical Geosciences (ICMG), pp 382-406, Budapest, Brussels. [56] Mukabi J.N, Murunga P, Sidai V, Kotheki S, Njoroge B.N. (2010g) Geotechnical Challenges Underlying and Circumscribing Subsurface Development in Nairobi, to be published in the Proceedings of the International Geotechnical Conference Geotechnical Challenges in Megacities, Moscow, Russia. [57] Mukabi J.N & Kotheki S. (2010f). A Mathematical Introduction of the Fundamental Theory of GECS (Global Energy Conservation Systems) , to be published in the Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Mathematics and Engineering Physics, Cairo, Egypt. [58] Mukabi J.N. & Kotheki S. (2010e). Mathematical Derivative of the Modified Critical State Theory and its Application in Soil Mechanics, published in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics (ICAPM), pp. 484-492, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [59] Mukabi J.N.(2010d) Some Advanced Aspects of the Interaction of Geotechnical Engineering and African Geology, Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology Auckland, New Zealand. [60] Mukabi J.N. (2010c). Pavement and Hydraulic Structural Design Review Based on the Value Engineering Comprehensive Method of Design (VE-CMD), Technical Forum on Improvement of Design and Construction Aspects for the Bomet Township Roads and Storm Water Hydraulic Structures, Nairobi, Kenya. [61] Mukabi J.N. (2010b). Pavement Structural Design Review of the Songwe International Airport Based on the Value Engineering Comprehensive Method of Design (VE-CMD), Technical Forum on Value Engineering Aspects in Pavement Structural Design, Submitted to Tanzania Airports Authority, BADEA and OPEC, Dubai, Emirates. [62] Mukabi J.N. (2010a). Pavement Structural Design Review Based on the Value Engineering Comprehensive Method of Design (VE-CMD), Technical Forum on Improvement of Design and Construction Aspects for the Gisambai ~ Mbale Road, Nairobi, Kenya. [63] Mukabi J.N. (2009i). Employing the CMD for the Design of Bridge Foundations in Juba Town, publication prepared for Workshop on the Juba Urban Transport Infrastructure (JUTI) and Capacity Development Study Funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Juba, Southern Sudan.
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[64] Mukabi J.N. (2009h). Application of OPMC Technology in the Realization of Affordable Housing, publication prepared for Research and Development Forum on Affordable Housing Funded by USAID, Juba, Southern Sudan. [65] Mukabi J.N. (2009g). Vital Engineering Elements in the Design Review of the Songwe International Airport Pavement Structures, publication prepared for Engineering Workshop on the Cost-effective Enhancement of the Structural Capacity of Pavement Structures Funded by BADEA, OPEC and Tanzania Airports Authority, Songwe, Tanzania. [66] Mukabi J.N. (2009f). Recently Developed Suction Stress, Moisture and Swell Control Techniques Applied for Ground Improvement, Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. [67] Mukabi J.N. (2009e). Strength and Deformation Characteristics Derived from the Interaction of Geogrids and Tropical Geomaterials, Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. [68] Mukabi J.N. (2009d). Small Strain Behaviour of Drained and Undrained Pleistocene Clays under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading, Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt. [69] Mukabi J.N. (2009c). Some Value Engineering Perspectives of Pavement Structural Design of the Kaptama ~ Kapsokwony Road Section, Publication for the Technical Forum on the Improvement of Some Design Aspects of Pavement Structures, Kitale, Kenya. [70] Mukabi J.N. (2009b). Some Recent Advances in Road Design and Construction, Publication for the Seminar on Recent Advances in Road Design and Construction, Khartoum, Sudan. [71] Mukabi J.N. (2009a). Employment of Value Engineering in the Design of Foundations for the MTC Building Structures, publication prepared for Workshop on the Study and Design of the Multi-Training Centre Structures Funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Juba, Southern Sudan. [72] Mukabi J.N. (2008k). A Newly Proposed Approach in the Pavement Structural Design of the Lainya ~ Jambo Road in Southern Sudan, publication prepared for Technical Workshop on Latest Developments in Pavement Design Methods within the East and Central African Region, Juba, Southern Sudan. [73] Mukabi J.N. (2008j). Evaluation of the Technical and Engineering Aspects for the Comprehensive Design Review of the Mbeya ~ Lwanjilo Trunk Road Project, publication prepared for Workshop on Appropriate Value Engineering Design for Roads and Bridges, Juba, Southern Sudan. [74] Mukabi J.N. (2008i). Nairobi Underground City Development Proposal, publication prepared for Workshop on Nairobi Underground City Development Proposal Sponsored by Ministry of Local Government, Nairobi, Kenya. [75] Mukabi J.N (2008h) Geoscientific Analysis of the Mechanism of Interaction of geogrids and Geomaterials, to be published in the proceedings of the international conference for the European Geogrids Experts Panel, Edinburg, Scotland.
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[76] Mukabi J.N. (2008g). The Role of Enhanced Research in Geotechnical Engineering for Pragmatic Infrastructure Development within the Vision 2030 (Keynote Lecture), published in the Proceedings of the IEK International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, Nairobi, Kenya.
[77] Mukabi J.N, Gono K, Njoroge B, Hatekayama R, Tesfaye A, Otwani J, Amoyo G, Murunga P, Ndemi J, Okado J, Kotheki S. (2008f). The Challenges and Solutions for Problematic Soils for Infrastructure Development in Kenya and the East Africa Region, published in the Proceedings of the IEK International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, Nairobi, Kenya. [78] Mukabi J.N, Gono K, Ngare S, Nyangaga F, Njoroge B, Hatekayama R, Tesfaye A, Feleke G, Kotheki S. (2008e). Newly Developed Technologies for Roads and Bridges: An example of Comprehensive Design and Construction Approach considering Tropical Geomaterial Characteristics, published in the Proceedings of the IEK International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, Nairobi, Kenya. [79] Mukabi J.N. (2008d). Application of the Mechanics of Tropical soils in Geotechnical Engineering: Some Recent Advances and Introduction of Futuristic Concepts on Geoscientific, Global Energy Conservation Systems GECS, published in the Proceedings of the IEK International Conference on The Engineer and Vision 2030, Nairobi, Kenya. [80] Mukabi J.N. (2008c). Pavement Structural Design Review Based on the Value Engineering Comprehensive Method of Design (VE-CMD), Publication Prepared for the Transport Infrastructure Development Seminar for Juba Town Sponsored by World Bank, Juba, Southern Sudan. [81] Mukabi J.N. (2008b). Practical Solutions for Soil Reinforcements and Ground Stabilization by Application of Tensar Technology and OPMC, Publication Prepared for the Interactive Forum for US and African Engineering Consultants, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [82] Mukabi J.N. (2008a). Evaluation of the Structural Performance of the Ntare ~ Ruhatsi Boulevard Experimental Testing Trial Sections, Publication Prepared for the Workshop on the Development of New Design Approach, Bujumbura, Burundi. [83] Mukabi J.N. (2007s). Strength and Deformation Characteristics Derived from the Interaction of Geogrids and OPMC Stabilized Geomaterials, International Symposium on The Mechanisms of Interaction of Geogrids and Tropical Soils, Hamburg, Germany. [84] Mukabi J.N. (2007r). Pad Foundation Design for Oil Drilling Rigs Based on Recently Developed Ground Improvement and Soil Stabilization Technologies, Publication Prepared for the Workshop on the Design of Foundations and Pavement Structures for the White Nile Oil Exploration Project, Nairobi, Kenya. [85] Mukabi J.N. (2007q). The Mechanism of Interaction of Geogrids and Soils, published in the Proceedings of the European Geogrid Experts Panel, Hamburg, Germany.
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[86] Mukabi J.N. (2007p). Practical Solutions for Soil Reinforcements and Ground Stabilization through the Application of Geosynthetic and OPMCS Technologies, Publication submitted for the Technical Forum for Application of Advanced Geotechnologies, Dar Es Salaam. [87] Mukabi J.N. (2007o): Mathematical Modeling of Some Recently Developed soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Concepts, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 14th Regional Conference on Geotechniques for Developing Africa, Yaound, Cameroon.
[88] Mukabi J.N. (2007n): Mathematical Examination of Some Recently Developed Concepts in Geotechnical Engineering, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 14th Regional Conference on Geotechniques for Developing Africa, Yaound, Cameroon. [89] Mukabi J.N. (2007m). Application of Consolidation and Shear Stress Ratio Concepts in Foundation Design and Construction, published in the Proceedings of the 14th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Yaound, Cameroon. [90] Mukabi J.N. & Gono, K. (2007l). Characterization of Expansive Soils to Determine Appropriate Highway and Foundation Design Construction Methods, published in the Proceedings of the 14th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Yaound, Cameroon. [91] Mukabi J.N., Hatakeyama, R. & Tesfaye, A. (2007k). A comprehensive Method of Analysis for Cost-effective Detailed Design of Pavement Structures, published in the Proceedings of the 14th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Yaound, Cameroon.
[92] Mukabi J.N., Gono, K., Hatakeyama, R. & Tesfaye, A. (2007j). Employing Cost-effective Countermeasures to Slope Failure Based on Newly Developed OPMC Stabilization Concepts, published in the Proceedings of the 14th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Yaound, Cameroon. [93] Mukabi J.N. (2007i). Some Recent Advances in Pavement Structural Design and Methods of Construction, Publication submitted for the Workshop on From Reconstruction to Development EMPS for Basic Physical and Social Infrastructure in Juba Town and the Surrounding Areas in Southern Sudan, Sponsored by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Southern Sudan. [94] Mukabi J.N. (2007h). A Comprehensive Approach to the Design of Flexible Pavements in Tropical Countries, published in the Proceedings of the 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Brisbane, Australia. [95] Mukabi J.N. & Gono, K. (2007g). Some Engineering Based Solutions to Problems Related to Expansive Soils, published in the Proceedings of the 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Brisbane, Australia.
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[96] Mukabi J.N. (2007f). Technical and Engineering Challenges and Proposed Countermeasures for the Causeways along the Wau ~ Abyei Trunk Road, Publication submitted for the Seminar on Reconstruction of Infrastructure Northern States in Southern Sudan Sponsored by United Nations World Food Programme (UN-WFP), Wau, Southern Sudan. [97] Mukabi J.N. (2007e). Geotechnologies for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Publication submitted for the Seminar on Developing Geotechnology for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Nairobi, Kenya. [98] Mukabi J.N. and Tatsuoka, F. (2007d): Pavement and Bridge Foundation Design Based on a Newly Proposed Consolidation and Shear Stress Ratio Concept, For Publication in the Geotechiques Journal. [99] Mukabi J.N. and Tatsuoka, F. (2007c): Some Recently Developed Empirical Formulae for Foundation Design, for Publication in the Journal of the American Society of Civil Engineers. [100] Mukabi J.N., Toda, T. & Shimizu, N. (2007b). Application of a New Mechanical Stabilization Technique in Reducing the Cost and Impact of Rural Road Construction, published in the Proceedings of the 23rd World Road Congress, Paris, France.
[101] Mukabi J.N., Gono, K., Hatakeyama, R. & Tesfaye, A. (2007a). Unique Methods of Enhancing Engineering Properties of Geomaterials for Slopes, Embankments and Pavement Structures, published in the Proceedings of the 23rd World Road Congress, Paris, France. [102] Mukabi J.N. (2006). The Dynamics of Sustainable Highway Development within the Juba Transport Infrastructure Master Plan, Publication submitted for the Workshop on Transport Infrastructure Master Plan for Juba Sponsored by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Juba, Southern Sudan.
[103] Mukabi, J.N. (2005e): Geoscience Principles for Engineering Design and Application, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 31st International Congress on Science, Culture and Arts in the 21st Century.
[104] Mukabi, J.N. Meselle, H. and Gono, K. (2005d): Characterization of Expansive Soil Under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions for Pavement Design, For Publication in the Journal of civil Engineering of JKUAT [105] Mukabi, J.N. Messelle, H. and Gono, K. (2005c): An Experimental and Analytical Method Proposed for Evaluating High Plasticity Natural Geometrical, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 15th International Road Federation (IRF).
[106] Mukabi, J.N. Gono, K., and Hatakeyama, R. (2005b): A unique VE Pavement Design and Construction Approach Adopted for Some Road Projects in Kenya and Ethiopia, For Publication in the
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Proceedings of the 15th International Road Federation (IRF). [107] Mukabi, J.N. (2005a): Pavement Structure Design and Construction Control, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 15th International Road Federation (IRF). [108] Mukabi, J.N. (2004e): Some Modified Methods for Highway Design and Construction, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 15th International Road Federation.
[109] Mukabi, J.N. (2004d): Developing A Scientific Approach to Partial Solutions of Geotechnical Engineering Problems, For Publication in the Proceedings of the 31st International Congress on Science, Culture and Arts in the 21st Century. [110] Mukabi, J. N. (2004c) : The CMM Systematic Approach Concept For The Design of Flexible Pavement Structures in Developing Countries, (General Publication For Consulting and Practicing Engineers in Developing Countries),.
[111] Mukabi, J.N. (2004b): Characterization of Tropical Geomaterials Bearing Civil Engineering Structures, (Publication for Consulting and Practicing Engineers in Tropical Countries) [112] Mukabi, J. N. (2004a) : A Comprehensive Engineering Report Proposed Countermeasures to Slope, Embankment and Pavement Structure Failure at Sta. 9+310 ~ 9+346km, Volume I. (for Construction Project Consultants Inc. Ethiopian Roads Authority and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
[113] Mukabi, J.N (2003e) Comprehensive Design Analysis of OV Type Based on The Proposed CMM Design Concept, for Ethiopian Roads Authority, Construction Project Consultants Inc; and Kajima Corporation. [114] Mukabi J.N, F. Tatsuoka, K.Gono, N. Shimizu, G. Feleke, R. Hatakeyama, W. Demoze, B. N. Njoroge, A. Tesfaye. M. Tadele., (2003d). The Role of Enhanced Research Oriented Highway and Foundation Design for Sustainable Development Key Note Lecture, in proceedings of the International Workshop on the Recent Trends in Civil Engineering.
[115] Mukabi, J.N., Feleke G., Demoze W., Zelalem A: (2003c). Impact of Environmental Factors on the Performance of Highway Pavement Structures, in the proceedings of the International Civil Engineering Conference on Sustainable development in the 21st Century. Innovating Modified NDT/DT Techniques for the Evaluation of an Existing Pavement Structure-Theoretical Considerations and Experimental Results, 2003. [116] Mukabi, J.N., Gono K., Koishikawa K., Feleke G., Hatekayam R., Demoze W., Kunioka H., Zelalem A., (2003b). Innovating Modified NDT/DT Techniques for the Evaluation of An Existing Pavement StructureTheoretical Considerations and Experimental Results, in the proceedings of the International Civil
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Engineering Conference on Sustainable development in the 21st Century.
[117] Mukabi, J.N., Gono, K., Koishikawa K., Feleke, G., Hatekayama, H., Demoze, W., Kunioka, R., Zelalem, A., (2003a). Innovating Modified NDT/DT Techniques for the Evaluation of An Existing Pavement Structure-Method of Testing, in the proceedings of the International Civil Engineering Conference on Sustainable development in the 21st Century. [118] Mukabi, J.N (2002e) Proposed approach to Determining Countermeasures to Slope Failure at Sta. 9+310km ~ 9+346km, for Kajima Corporation and Ethiopian Roads Authority.
[119] Mukabi, J.N (2002d): Effects of some geological aspects on the mechanical performance of tropical road construction geomaterials, for publication in the proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Durban, South Africa [120] Mukabi, J.N., Inamdar, W.A., and Chacha, C.G. (2002c): Environmental vs. socio-economic impact of rural roads construction in Western Kenya with reference to geotechnical aspects, for publication in the proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
[121] Mukabi, J.N. (2002b): Some Recent Advances in Highway and Bridge Foundation Engineering. (General Publication Incorporating Some New Design Concepts, Ideas, Approach and Engineering Theories for Consulting and Research Engineers). [122] Mukabi, J.N. (2002a): Limitations of foundation design codes predominantly based on the conventional concept of critical state soil mechanics, for publication in the Proceedings of the International Symposium on foundation design codes and soil investigation, Kamakura, Japan.
[123] Mukabi, J.N(2001l) A New Approach Proposed for the Evaluation and Analysis of the Structural Capacity and Overlay Design of a Road Pavement Structure, for Japan International Cooperation Agency and Ethiopian Roads Authority. [124] Mukabi, J.N(2001k) Evaluation of Plasticity Characteristics and their Reciprocal Influence on Vital Road engineering Parameter, for Japan International Cooperation Agency and Ethiopian Roads Authority.
[125] Mukabi, J.N (2001j) Analysis and Evaluation of the Structural Capacity and Serviceability Level of the Existing Road Pavement (PHASE III), for Japan International Cooperation Agency and Ethiopian Roads Authority. [126] Mukabi, J.N (2001i) Field Study and Status Quo Assessment on the Geotechnical Aspects of the Addis Ababa~Debre Markos Trunk Road Project, for Construction Project Consultants and Ethiopian Roads
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Authority.
[127] Mukabi, J.N (2001h) Computation of Capping Layer Thickness with Reference to Native Subgrade Bearing Capacity (for Japan International Cooperation Agency and Ethiopian Roads Authority. [128] Mukabi. J.N., Njoroge, B.N. and Shimizu, N. (2001g): A unique method of mechanical stabilization and construction adopted for a road project in Kenya; for publication in the Proceedings of the Conference on Construction Technology, Sabah, Malaysia.
[129] Mukabi, J.N. Njoroge B.N., and Toda, T. (2001f): Behaviour of stabilized black cotton soil from the Lake Basin of Kenya, for publication in the proceedings of the Symposium on Soil Behaviour and Soft Ground Construction, Massachusetts, USA. [130] Mukabi, J.N., Kimura, Y., Shimizu, N., Mwangi, S.N., Omollo, A., and Njoroge, B.N. (2001e): Evaluation of some Kenyan geomaterial properties for embankment design based on a quasi-empirical approach, in Proceedings of the International Conference of the ISSMGE, Istanbul, Turkey.
[131] Mukabi, J.N. (2001d): Derivation and application of consolidation and shear stress functions with reference to Critical State analysis of N.C. clays, in the proceedings of the International Conference of the ISSMGE, Istanbul, Turkey. [132] Mukabi, J.N., Njoroge, B.N., and Toda, T. (2001c): Pragmatic method of evaluation design parameters adopting Kenyan tropical soils for pavement structure, in Proceedings of the 14th IRF World Road Congress, Paris, France.
[133] Mukabi, J.N., and Shimizu, N. (2001b): Strength and deformation characteristics of mechanically stabilized road construction materials based on a new batching ratio method, in Proceedings of the 14th IRF Road World Congress, Paris France. [134] Mukabi, J.N., (2001a): Theoretical and empirical basis for a method of determining and optimum batching ratio for mechanical stabilization of geomaterials, in Proceedings of the 14th IRF Road World Congress, Paris, France.
[135] Mukabi, J.N. (2000). The design and construction of Reinforced Earth Embankments. In Internal Reports and Correspondence, the Terre Armee Method, 2000. CPC, Nairobi. [136] Mukabi, J.N (1999d). The Study on Rural Roads Improvement in Western Kenya Materials Testing Analyses and Countermeasures for Design Purposes. In Internal Reports and Correspondence, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) & Ministry of Roads & Public Works, Kenya
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[137] Mukabi J.N & Tatsuoka, F. (1999c). Effects of stress path and ageing in reconsolidation on deformation characteristics of stiff natural clays. Proc. 2nd I.S on pre-failure characteristic of Geomaterials, Torino. [138] Mukabi, J.N., Wambura, J.H. & Maina, J. P. Murunga (1999b): Behaviour of CON-AID Treated Fine Grained Kenyan Soils, 12th African Regional Conference on Geotechnics for Developing Africa, pp. 583-592, Durban, South Africa.
[139] Mukabi, J.N. & Tasuoka, F. (1999a): Influence of Reconsolidation Stress History and Strain Rate on The Behaviour of Kaolin Over a Wide Range of Strain, 12th African Regional Conference on Geotechnics for Developing African, pp. 365-377, Durban, South Africa. [140] Mukabi J.N & Tatsuoka, F. (1995b). Effects of swelling and saturation of Unsaturated Soil Behaviour and Applications, Int. Symposium on the Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Other Attachments to be Submitted if Necessary

A4 Publication on the Role of Enhanced Research in Geotechnical Engineering for Pragmatic Infrastructure Development within the Vision 2030; Published in the Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers of Kenya International Conference Publication of The Engineer and Vision 2030 A5 Publication on Case Study Analysis of OPMC; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 Brussels International Symposium on Ground Improvement A6 Publication on Nairobi Underground Development; Published in Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on the Geotechnical Challenges in Mega Cities A7 Publication on Case Example of Design and Construction within Problematic Soils; Published in Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on the Geotechnical Challenges in Mega Cities A8 Publication on Mathematical Derivative on the Modified Critical State Theory; Published in the Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics A9 Publication on Application of High-order Spatial Cumulants for Sophisticated Analytical Methods; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Physics and Mathematics A10 Publication on Proposed Theory of Particle Agglomeration; Published in the Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing A11 Publication on Proposed Quadruple Process Model and Geomathematical Functions; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing A12 Publication on Integrated Geo-probabilistic and Geo-statistical Module Functions; to be published in the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Volume II Appendices (To be submitted if Necessary)

V-II.1 Technical Proposal for Materials Testing & Research Department Ministry of Roads V-II.2 Research & Development Policy Review Evaluation of the Kenya Rural Road Authority V-II.3 Full Curriculum Vitae of Proponent Researcher
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FINAL VERSION - NSCT - Research Priority Areas For Inclusion in The NRDA - March 2012

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John Ngaya MUKABI (Ph.D)

CONFIDENTIALITY AND COPYRIGHT

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

The following preliminary conclusions and recommendations are made.

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Chapter 2 Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements

Chapter 5 Example of Performance Oriented Work Plan to be Adopted

5.8 Consultants Tool Book

Chapter 6 Example of Organization and Staffing

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Other Attachments to be Submitted if Necessary

Volume II Appendices (To be submitted if Necessary)

Technical Proposal for Consultancy Services | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Introduction | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Chapter 2 Appreciation, Interpretation and Justification of Submission Requirements

Table 3.1 Sharing of Acquisition Savings Between Employer and Consultant/Contractor

GOVERNMENT/CONSULTANT(CONTRACTOR) SHARES OF NET ACQUISITION SAVINGS (Figures in Percent)

Fixed Price (includes fixed-priceaward-fee; excludes fixed-price incentive contracts)

NOTES ON TABLE 4.1 - SHARING EMPLOYER/CONSULTANT/CONTRACTOR

*The Contracting Officer may increase the Consultants/Contractors sharing rate to as

high as 75 percent for each VECP {See 48.102(g)(1) through (7)}.

**Same sharing arrangement as the Consultants/Contractors profit or fee adjustment formula.

4. Some Recommendations The following basic recommendations are considered vital.

2. Scientific analytical techniques

3. Scientific and mathematical models

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

1. INTRODUCTION | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

2. RECENT APPLICATION OF OPMCS TECHNOLOGY RUNWAY PAVEMENTS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Agglomeration UCS (MPa)

OBRM OPMC OPMC + Geogrid Mode of Stabilization

2. RECENT APPLICATION OF OPMCS TECHNOLOGY RUNWAY PAVEMENTS | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Figure 4 Detail of typical cross-section B and GI detail of Isiolo Airport Pavements

orientation whereby, generalized form as:

3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

in the 4th quadrant, while

Carrying out 2nd order partial differentiation w.r.t

Performing the same w.r.t

3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

3.3.2 Consolidation Stress-strain history (

(9) where =1.910-3 is a constant, is the secondary consolidation factor, is the

overconsolidation factor and

is the initial yield strain determined under normally

( : drained and : undrained) and be determined as;

is the Poissons ratio. For perfectly drained conditions can

are the initial drained and undrained elastic moduli respectively. )

3.3.4 Cyclic prestraining (

3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

3.3.5 Strain rate

3. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE GECPROM GEOMATHEMATICO-EMPIRICAL MODEL | Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

| Kensetsu Kaihatsu Limited

Table 1 : Summary of main tests, purpose and engineering parameters determined

3. Compute Maintenance Requirement Ratio, 20 MRR

4 (UCS) (SS) (EM)

4.1 Dynamic Penetration 4.2 Laboratory UCS 4.3 Laboratory CUTC