GSM : Unit-7

Planning and design of a GSM network

Modeling framework 1. 2. 3. Call model Mobility model Topology model

Call model

Mobility model

Topology model

Call traffic model

Fluid model Markovian model

Caller distribution model

Gravity model

Radio mobility Mobility Network mobility

Handover process

Location management

1. Optimum no. of cells per LA is given by Ncopt=[(Cpage/CLU).(/R)] where Cpage = cost of paging CLU = cost of location updates = mean mobile velocity in LA R = cell radius 2. Length of cell exposed perimeter is given by L = 6R[(1/3)+(1/(2(3Nc) 3))] where Nc = no. of cells per LA 3. No. of crossings per unit time is given by = L/ where = density of MS in the cell (per sq. KM) 4. The SDCCH/SACCH resource occupancy due to MS location updates is

Erlang-C chart:

Additional problems 1. A location area has 12 cells, each having a radius of 2 KM. The density of MS in the cell is 6,000 per sq.KM and the average moving velocity of MS is 8 KM per hour. What is the maximum no. of location updates per hour? 2. A zone has an area of 1200 sq.KM and the planned cell radius is 3 KM. The bandwidth allocated is 20 MHz. The reuse plan is 4/12 with a GOS of 2%. The subscriber usage per month is 280 minutes, with 4 busy hours per day and 26 days per month. Find the theoretical as well as practical maximum no. of subscribers. 3. For a GMSK system with bit-rate =256 kbps and carrier frequency 800 MHz, the (Eb/NT) required is 14 dB with the receiver noise figure 3 dB and temperature 290K. The gains of transmit and receive antennae are 1 dBi and 15 dBi respectively, with loss in both the cables is 1 dB each. The height of BTS and MS antennae are 120 m and 3 m respectively. Assuming a fade margin of 9 dB, find the optimum cell radius for the transmit power of 1W. 4. A town has an area of 1800 sq. KM and the no. of subscribers is 1,40,000. The allocated bandwidth is 15 MHz and the reuse plan is 7/21, with GOS of 1%. On an average, each subscriber makes 15 calls per day, with each call lasting for a period of 3 minute, 20 seconds. Calculate the no. of BTS required and the radius of each cell. 5. The effective isotropic radiated power of the MS is 2W, with the transmit antenna gain 2dBi and loss occurring in the transmit cable 1dB. The receivers noise figure is 4 dB, with the receive antenna gain 14 dBi and loss occurring in the receive cable 3 dB. Assuming the fade margin of 10 dB, (Eb/NT) required as 13.5 dB and the bit rate as 2 Mbps, find out the maximum path loss that is acceptable. Assume the temperature as 27C.

6. The (Eb/NT) required for a QPSK system is 12 dB, with the bit-rate of 1 Mbps and the noise figure at the receiver 4 dB. The gains of transmit and receive antennae are 1 dBi and 12 dBi respectively. The loss occurring at the cables is 1 dB each. The fade margin is 12 dB and the temperature is 300K. The height of BTS antenna is 140 m and that of MS is 0.2 m. The carrier frequency is 850 MHz and the cell radius is planned to be 2 KM for a transmit power of 2 W. Verify the validity of the architecture.

Solutions: 1. L = 6x2[(1/3)+(1/(2sqrt(3x12) 3))] = 12[0.33+0.11] = 5.28 KM. LU = (8x5.28x6000)/ = 80,672/hr 2. A = 280/(26x4x60) = 0.045E No. of BTS = 1200 / (((33)/2)x32) = 51.32 52 No. of TCHs/sector = ((20M/200k) x 8) / (4x3) = 66.67 67 For C=67 and B=2%, A = 56.28E No. of subscribers/sector = 56.28/0.045 = 1250 Total no. of subscribers = 1250x3x52 = 1,95,000 Theoretical maximum no. of users = 52x67x3 = 10,452 3. Smin = 14+10log(256k)+10log(1.38x10-20x290)+3 = 14+54.08-174+3 = 102.92 dB Lp = 30+102.92+(1+15)(1+1+9) = 137.92 dB Therefore, 137.92 = 69.55+75.9428.762.69+31.28log(d) Log(d) = 23.88/31.28 = 0.7634 d = 5.8 KM 6 KM 4. A = (15x200)/(24x60x60) = 0.035E No. of TCHs/sector = ((15M/200k) x 8) / (7x3) = 28.57 29 For C=29 and B=1%, A = 19.49E No. of subscribers/cell = (19.49/0.035)x3 = 1670 No. of BTS = 1,40,000 / 1,670 = 83.83 84 Radius of cell = (1800/((33)/2)x84) = 2.87 KM 3 KM Theoretical maximum no. of users = 84x29x3 = 7,308 5. Pm = 33+12 = 32 dBm Smin = 13.5+10log(2M)+10log(1.38x10-20x300)+4 = 13.5+63.01173.83+4 = 93.32 dB Lp(max) = (32+93.32) + (14+2) (1+3+10) = 127.32 dB 6. Smin = 12+10log(1M)+10log(1.38x10-20x300)+4 = 12+60-173.83+4 = 97.83 dB Lp = 69.55 + 26.16log(850) 13.83log(140) + 4.53 + [44.9 6.55log(140)] log(2) = 69.55+76.63-29.68+4.53+9.28 = 130.31 dB Pt = 97.83 (13) + (13) + 130.31 = 32.48 dB. Hence, the transmit power is valid for the architecture.